12,279 results
Search Results
2. The possible importance of the antioxidants and oxidative stress metabolism in the emerging monkeypox disease: An opinion paper
- Author
-
Duygu Aydemir and Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- Subjects
antioxidant molecules ,monkeypox ,MPXV infection ,oxidative stress ,immune response ,antioxidant enzymes ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Immunologically relevant aspects of the new COVID-19 vaccines—an ÖGAI (Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology) and AeDA (German Society for Applied Allergology) position paper
- Author
-
Hans F. Merk, Randolf Brehler, Wolfgang Wehrmann, Kathrin Eller, Ursula Wiedermann, Kaan Boztug, Wolfgang Pfützner, Winfried F. Pickl, Michael Bonelli, Karl-Christian Bergmann, Thomas Eiwegger, Natalija Novak, Birgit Pfaller, Thomas Fuchs, Norbert Mülleneisen, Johannes Ring, Elisabeth Förster-Waldl, Wolfram Hötzenecker, Lisa Göschl, Holger Wrede, Eva Untersmayr, Patrick M. Brunner, Ludger Klimek, Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Galateja Jordakieva, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Alexander R. Moschen, Wolfgang Schlenter, Walter Reinisch, and Uta Rabe
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19 vaccination ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Immunomodulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,ddc:610 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Immune response ,European union ,Intensive care medicine ,education ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Immunosuppression ,Review article ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,Tolerability ,Position Article ,Position paper ,Vaccination effect ,business - Abstract
Allergo journal international 30(5), 155-168 (2021). doi:10.1007/s40629-021-00178-2, Published by Urban & Vogel, München
- Published
- 2021
4. AllergoOncology: Danger signals in allergology and oncology: A European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Position Paper.
- Author
-
Bergmann, Christoph, Poli, Aurélie, Agache, Ioana, Bianchini, Rodolfo, Bax, Heather J., Castells, Mariana, Crescioli, Silvia, Dombrowicz, David, Ferastraoaru, Denisa, Fiebiger, Edda, Gould, Hannah J., Hartmann, Karin, Izquierdo, Elena, Jordakieva, Galateja, Josephs, Debra H., Jutel, Marek, Levi‐Schaffer, Francesca, de las Vecillas, Leticia, Lotze, Michael T., and Osborn, Gabriel
- Subjects
- *
CLINICAL immunology , *ALLERGIES , *AUTOIMMUNE diseases , *IMMUNE response , *HAZARDS , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The immune system interacts with many nominal 'danger' signals, endogenous danger‐associated (DAMP), exogenous pathogen (PAMP) and allergen (AAMP)‐associated molecular patterns. The immune context under which these are received can promote or prevent immune activating or inflammatory mechanisms and may orchestrate diverse immune responses in allergy and cancer. Each can act either by favouring a respective pathology or by supporting the immune response to confer protective effects, depending on acuity or chronicity. In this Position Paper under the collective term danger signals or DAMPs, PAMPs and AAMPs, we consider their diverse roles in allergy and cancer and the connection between these in AllergoOncology. We focus on their interactions with different immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and how these promote immune responses with juxtaposing clinical outcomes in allergy and cancer. While danger signals present potential targets to overcome inflammatory responses in allergy, these may be reconsidered in relation to a history of allergy, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity linked to the risk of developing cancer, and with regard to clinical responses to anti‐cancer immune and targeted therapies. Cross‐disciplinary insights in AllergoOncology derived from dissecting clinical phenotypes of common danger signal pathways may improve allergy and cancer clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Immune response in paper wasp workers: Task matters more than age.
- Author
-
Prato, Amanda, Fernando Santos, Eduardo, Mendes Ferreira, Helena, Akemi Oi, Cintia, Santos do Nascimento, Fábio, Rantala, Markus J., Krams, Indrikis, and Rodrigues de Souza, André
- Subjects
- *
IMMUNE response , *INSECT societies , *WASPS , *IMMUNOSENESCENCE , *IMMUNOREGULATION , *RISK-taking behavior , *AGE - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Foragers had a higher immune response than guards, regardless of their age. • Foragers had similar immune responses to nurses. • Immune response declined with age in wasps that did not specialize behaviorally. • Behavioral modulation of immune response can overcome immunosenescence. Workers of social hymenopterans (ants, bees and wasps) display specific tasks depending on whether they are younger or older. The relative importance of behavior and age in modulating immune function has seldom been addressed. We compared the strength of encapsulation-melanization immune response (hereafter melanotic encapsulation) in paper wasps displaying age polyethism or experimentally prevented from behavioral specialization. Foragers of Polybia paulista had higher melanotic encapsulation than guards, regardless of their age. Nevertheless, melanotic encapsulation decreased with age when wasps were prevented from behavioral specialization. Thus, in this species, worker melanotic encapsulation seems more sensitive to task than age. Foraging is considered one of the riskier behaviors in terms of pathogen exposure, so upregulating melanotic encapsulation in foragers can possibly improve both individual and colony-level resistance against infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Identifying the anti-inflammatory response to lipid lowering therapy: a position paper from the working group on atherosclerosis and vascular biology of the European Society of Cardiology
- Author
-
Daniel F. J. Ketelhuth, José Tuñón, Imo E. Hoefer, Paul C. Evans, Esther Lutgens, Bertrand Cariou, Jesús Egido, Claudia Monaco, Sabine Steffens, Magnus Bäck, Christian Weber, Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat, Cécile Vindis, Erik Stroes, Christian M. Matter, Lina Badimon, Mat J.A.P. Daemen, University of Zurich, Tuñón, José, Pathology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Vascular Medicine, and ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,ddc:616.07 ,Bioinformatics ,PCSK9 ,11459 Center for Molecular Cardiology ,PCSK9 Gene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,2737 Physiology (medical) ,Risk Factors ,Medicine ,Hypolipidemic Agents ,PCSK9 Inhibitors ,Position Paper from European Society of Cardiology Working Group ,Lipids ,3. Good health ,Treatment Outcome ,10209 Clinic for Cardiology ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Inflammation Mediators ,Proprotein Convertase 9 ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ,Inflammation ,610 Medicine & health ,Lipid-lowering therapy ,2705 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Physiology (medical) ,Animals ,Humans ,Immune response ,Dyslipidemias ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Statins ,Lipid metabolism ,1314 Physiology ,Atherosclerosis ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Position paper ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism induces an inflammatory and immune response leading to atherosclerosis. Conversely, inflammation may alter lipid metabolism. Recent treatment strategies in secondary prevention of atherosclerosis support beneficial effects of both anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering therapies beyond current targets. There is a controversy about the possibility that anti-inflammatory effects of lipid-lowering therapy may be either independent or not of a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In this Position Paper, we critically interpret and integrate the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies on anti-inflammatory actions of lipid-lowering therapy and the mechanisms involved. We highlight that: (i) besides decreasing cholesterol through different mechanisms, most lipid-lowering therapies share anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and the anti-inflammatory response to lipid-lowering may be relevant to predict the effect of treatment, (ii) using surrogates for both lipid metabolism and inflammation as biomarkers or vascular inflammation imaging in future studies may contribute to a better understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms of action, and (iii) comparative studies of further lipid lowering, anti-inflammation and a combination of both are crucial to identify effects that are specific or shared for each treatment strategy.
- Published
- 2019
7. An Imbalance of the Immune System Instead of a Disease Behind Marginal Bone Loss Around Oral Implants: Position Paper.
- Author
-
Albrektsson, Tomas, Dahlin, Christer, Reinedahl, David, Tengvall, Pentti, Trindade, Ricardo, and Wennerberg, Ann
- Subjects
DENTAL implants ,BACTERIA ,IMMUNE response ,OSTEOPENIA ,IMMUNE system ,OSSEOINTEGRATION ,TITANIUM ,PERI-implantitis - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present evidence that supports the notion that the primary reason behind marginal bone loss and implant failure is immune-based and that bacterial actions in the great majority of problematic cases are of a secondary nature. Materials and Methods: The paper is written as a narrative review. Results: Evidence is presented that commercially pure titanium is not biologically inert, but instead activates the innate immune system of the body. For its function, the clinical implant is dependent on an immune/inflammatory defense against bacteria. Biologic models such as ligature studies have incorrectly assumed that the primary response causing marginal bone loss is due to bacterial action. In reality, bacterial actions are secondary to an imbalance of the innate immune system caused by the combination of titanium implants and ligatures, ie, nonself. This immunologic imbalance may lead to marginal bone resorption even in the absence of bacteria. Conclusion: Marginal bone loss and imminent oral implant failure cannot be properly analyzed without a clear understanding of immunologically caused tissue responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Immunomodulatory Effect of Nigella sativa.
- Author
-
Ciesielska-Figlon, Klaudia, Wojciechowicz, Karolina, Wardowska, Anna, and Lisowska, Katarzyna Aleksandra
- Subjects
ESSENTIAL oils ,FOOD preservatives ,BLACK cumin ,CONFERENCE papers ,TRADITIONAL medicine ,OILSEEDS ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
Background: For thousands of years till nowadays, Nigella sativa (NS) has served as a common spice and food preservative. Its seed extracts, seed oil, and essential oil in traditional medicine have been used to remedy many ailments such as headaches, fever, gastric complaints, and even rheumatism. In addition, the antibacterial, virucidal, fungicidal, and antiparasitic properties of NS are well known. However, studies on the possible immunomodulatory effects of black cumin are relatively scarce. This article discusses in vitro and in vivo research supporting the immunomodulatory role of NS. Methods: The review is based on articles, books, and conference papers printed until September 2022, found in the Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Experimental findings were reported concerning the ability of NS to modulate inflammation and immune responses or cytotoxic activity. Conclusions: All results suggest that NS can potentially be employed in developing effective therapeutic agents for regulating immune reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin as "crosslinker" assisted signal tracer assemble with intensive antibody utilization efficiency for sensitive paper-based strip nanobiosensors.
- Author
-
Liu, Sijie, Shu, Rui, Zhang, Mingrui, Zhao, Cong, Wang, Kexin, Zhang, Jiayi, Sun, Jing, Dou, Leina, Zhang, Daohong, and Wang, Jianlong
- Subjects
- *
IMMUNE response , *IMMUNOASSAY , *GOLD nanoparticles , *MACROMOLECULES , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Engineered collaborative biochemical techniques and regulated nanomaterials (NMs) offer extraordinary opportunities for improving the analysis performance of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). Herein, inspired by the ability of macromolecules (e.g., proteins) to assemble into new functional units and the remarkable optical performance of engineered regulated NMs, goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin (GAMI) serves as the "crosslinker" integrate with gold‑manganese oxide (Au-MnO x) to assemble the "signal tracers (STs)-crosslinker-antibody (mAb)" for elevating the mAb utilization efficiency. Notably, the "STs-crosslinker-mAb" assembly shows ~13.33-folds mAb utilization efficiency enhance, which perfectly response the challenge between limited sensitivity and sufficient signal intensity in competitive-type LFIA. The black color and rough structure of Au-MnO x offer higher colorimetric brightness (~2-folds than AuNPs) and enhanced mAb coupling efficiency (up to 92.47%), which further improves sensitivity under the premise of functional assembly to intensify the competitive immunoreaction. Additionally, the convenient synthesis conditions (~13 min at room temperature) even comparable to direct purchase commercial products indicate that using Au-MnO x undoubtedly increases the cost-effectiveness. Encouragingly, the Au-MnO x -GAMI-mAb based LFIA exhibited high sensitivity (LOD: 0.063 ng mL−1 for clenbuterol (CLE) monitoring) by elevating mAb utilization efficiency with the attendant enhancing immune competition response in a cost-effective manner, which provides an invigorating reference pathway in point-of-care immunoassay. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Nature Scientific Reports has published a peer reviewed paper showing important immune response benefits associated with AOBiome's B244 Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria drug therapy
- Subjects
Bacteria ,Atopic dermatitis -- Drug therapy ,Immune response ,Ammonia ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
CAMBRIDGE: AOBiome has issued the following press release: AOBiome Therapeutics, Inc. ('AOBiome'), a leading clinical-stage microbiome company focusing on inflammatory conditions, announced new findings indicating a link between Ammonia Oxidizing [...]
- Published
- 2021
11. Nature Scientific Reports has published a peer reviewed paper showing important immune response benefits associated with AOBiome's B244 Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria drug therapy
- Subjects
Bacteria ,Atopic dermatitis -- Drug therapy ,Immune response ,Ammonia ,Business ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
B244 inhibits Th2 immune polarization in human primary immune cells in both the active and the inactive state. CAMBRIDGE, Mass., July 15, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- AOBiome Therapeutics, Inc. ('AOBiome'), a [...]
- Published
- 2021
12. Identifying the anti-inflammatory response to lipid lowering therapy: a position paper from the working group on atherosclerosis and vascular biology of the European Society of Cardiology.
- Author
-
Tuñón, José, Badimón, Lina, Bochaton-Piallat, Marie-Luce, Cariou, Bertrand, Daemen, Mat J, Egido, Jesus, Evans, Paul C, Hoefer, Imo E, Ketelhuth, Daniel F J, Lutgens, Esther, Matter, Christian M, Monaco, Claudia, Steffens, Sabine, Stroes, Erik, Vindis, Cécile, Weber, Christian, and Bäck, Magnus
- Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism induces an inflammatory and immune response leading to atherosclerosis. Conversely, inflammation may alter lipid metabolism. Recent treatment strategies in secondary prevention of atherosclerosis support beneficial effects of both anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering therapies beyond current targets. There is a controversy about the possibility that anti-inflammatory effects of lipid-lowering therapy may be either independent or not of a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In this Position Paper, we critically interpret and integrate the results obtained in both experimental and clinical studies on anti-inflammatory actions of lipid-lowering therapy and the mechanisms involved. We highlight that: (i) besides decreasing cholesterol through different mechanisms, most lipid-lowering therapies share anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and the anti-inflammatory response to lipid-lowering may be relevant to predict the effect of treatment, (ii) using surrogates for both lipid metabolism and inflammation as biomarkers or vascular inflammation imaging in future studies may contribute to a better understanding of the relative importance of different mechanisms of action, and (iii) comparative studies of further lipid lowering, anti-inflammation and a combination of both are crucial to identify effects that are specific or shared for each treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Revolution Medicines Announces Publication of Scientific Paper Describing Anti-Tumor Immunity Induced by SHP2 Inhibitor in Preclinical Cancer Models
- Subjects
Sanofi S.A. ,Cancer ,Cellular proteins ,Drugs ,Cobimetinib ,Pharmaceutical industry ,Cancer treatment ,Cancer research ,Immune response ,Immune system ,Tumors ,Business, international ,Law - Abstract
(GlobeNewswire) - Revolution Medicines, Inc. (Nasdaq: RVMD), a clinical-stage oncology company focused on developing targeted therapies to inhibit frontier cancer targets, today announced the publication of an original scientific paper [...]
- Published
- 2020
14. The Lancet publishes papers from two studies of Takeda's dengue vaccine candidate
- Subjects
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. ,Dengue vaccines ,Vaccines ,Medical research ,Dengue fever ,Pharmaceutical industry ,Immune response ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
- Results published in first paper from 18-month analysis of ongoing pivotal Phase 3 trial were generally consistent with overall efficacy and safety data reported in previously published 12-month analysis. [...]
- Published
- 2020
15. EnGeneIC Announces Publication in Cancer Cell of a Scientific Paper Highlighting the Ability of EDV Nanocells to Mount Dual Assault on Cancer Cells
- Subjects
Cancer treatment -- Health aspects ,Cancer -- Health aspects ,Immunotherapy -- Health aspects ,Cancer cells ,Technology ,Immune response ,Tumors ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
NEW YORK: EnGeneIC Limited has issued the following press release: EnGeneIC Limited, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company advancing its proprietary EDV nanocell platform for targeted cyto-immunotherapy in cancer, today announced that [...]
- Published
- 2020
16. AgeX Therapeutics and Juvenescence Publish Paper on Engineering Strategies for Universal Cells and Provide in Vivo Observation on Immunotolerance UniverCyteTM Technology Platform
- Subjects
HLA antigens ,Antigens ,Proteins ,Technology ,Immune response ,Biotechnology ,Biotechnology industries ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
ALAMEDA: AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. has issued the following press release: AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. ('AgeX'; NYSE American: AGE), a biotechnology company developing therapeutics for human aging and regeneration, and Juvenescence, a [...]
- Published
- 2019
17. AgeX Therapeutics and Juvenescence Publish Paper on Engineering Strategies for Universal Cells and Provide in Vivo Observation on Immunotolerance UniverCyteTM Technology Platform
- Subjects
Biomedical engineering ,HLA antigens ,Antigens ,Technology ,Immune response ,Anopheles ,Biotechnology ,Editors ,Biotechnology industries ,Health - Abstract
2019 NOV 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Gene Therapy Weekly -- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. ('AgeX'; NYSE American: AGE), a biotechnology company developing therapeutics for human [...]
- Published
- 2019
18. AllergoOncology - the impact of allergy in oncology: EAACI position paper.
- Author
-
Jensen‐Jarolim, E., Bax, H. J., Bianchini, R., Capron, M., Corrigan, C., Castells, M., Dombrowicz, D., Daniels‐Wells, T. R., Fazekas, J., Fiebiger, E., Gatault, S., Gould, H. J., Janda, J., Josephs, D. H., Karagiannis, P., Levi‐Schaffer, F., Meshcheryakova, A., Mechtcheriakova, D., Mekori, Y., and Mungenast, F.
- Subjects
- *
ALLERGIES , *ONCOLOGY , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN E , *IMMUNE response , *INFLAMMATION , *PATIENTS - Abstract
Th2 immunity and allergic immune surveillance play critical roles in host responses to pathogens, parasites and allergens. Numerous studies have reported significant links between Th2 responses and cancer, including insights into the functions of IgE antibodies and associated effector cells in both antitumour immune surveillance and therapy. The interdisciplinary field of AllergoOncology was given Task Force status by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in 2014. Affiliated expert groups focus on the interface between allergic responses and cancer, applied to immune surveillance, immunomodulation and the functions of IgE-mediated immune responses against cancer, to derive novel insights into more effective treatments. Coincident with rapid expansion in clinical application of cancer immunotherapies, here we review the current state-of-the-art and future translational opportunities, as well as challenges in this relatively new field. Recent developments include improved understanding of Th2 antibodies, intratumoral innate allergy effector cells and mediators, IgE-mediated tumour antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells, as well as immunotherapeutic strategies such as vaccines and recombinant antibodies, and finally, the management of allergy in daily clinical oncology. Shedding light on the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer is paving the way for new avenues of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Review Paper Immune System Vs. SARS-CoV-2.
- Author
-
Rahimlou, Bahman, Mohammadi, Niki Ghambari, Rashidi, Rasoul, and Ghaffarpour, Sara
- Subjects
IMMUNE response ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PATHOLOGICAL physiology ,SCIENTIFIC community ,MORTALITY - Abstract
In 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus caused one of the biggest virus pandemics called Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This virus has been responsible for the death of millions of people around the world. The biological function of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathophysiology mechanisms, as well as the host immunity against this virus, has attracted the attention of the scientific community all over the world. The current study reviewed innate and acquired immune responses following COVID-19 infection. These immune responses are probably involved in the severity of the disease and death. Also, the cause and consequence of potential clinical strategies to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Paper de l’exonucleasa TREX2 en la biología i patologia de la pell
- Author
-
Manils Pacheco, Joan, Soler Prat, Concepció, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental
- Subjects
Enfermedades de la piel ,Psoriasi ,616.5 ,Pell ,Respuesta inmune ,Cáncer ,Ciències de la Salut ,Skin diseases ,Resposta immunitària ,Malalties de la pell ,Psoriasis ,Immune response ,Càncer ,Piel ,Skin ,Cancer - Abstract
[cat] TREX2 (three-prime repair exonuclease 2) és una exonucleasa no processiva 3'-5', expressada específicament en la pell que pot estar implicada en el manteniment de la integritat del genoma editant els extrems 3' del DNA en diversos processos, des de la replicació a la reparació del dany passant per la degradació en l'apoptosi. L'estudi de TREX2 mitjançant immunohistofluorescència de mostres humanes de lesions precanceroses (queratosis actínica) i tumors derivats de queratinòcits, incloent cSCC (cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas) i HNSCCs (head and neck SCC), revela que en les carcinogènesis escamoses l'expressió de TREX2 pateix es troba alterada. La deleció de Trex2 en ratolins provoca un augment de la susceptibilitat de tumors induïts en pell provocats per radiació ultraviolada B (UVB). TREX2 promou l'eliminació del DNA danyat i l'apoptosi dels queratinòcits en les pells de ratolí irradiades amb UVB. Les lesions al DNA induïdes per UVB (CPD: cyclobutane pyrimidine_dimers), són més persistents en les pells dels ratolins Trex21- respecte els wt, paral• lelament també es dóna una menor activació de la caspasa 3, indicador d'apoptosi, en les pells Trex21-. Els resultat obtinguts en queratinòcits wt i deficients en TREX2 in vitxo reflexen una multifuncionalitat de la proteïna TREX2 intervenint en la reparació del dany al DNA en resposta a la radiació UV i promovent l'apoptosi de forma irreversible, essent aquesta última funció la que preval. TREX2 pot ser reclutada diferencialment a diferents localitzacions subnuclears en funció de l'estat de la cromatina, com per exemple els micronuclis i les regions de cromatina poc condensada. Els estudis de co-immunoprecipitació demostren que TREX2 interacciona amb yH2AX, així TREX2 pot accedir als extrems lliures del DNA interaccionant amb la proteïna H2AX fosforilada, preferentment en la cromatina destinada a ser degradada. L'estudi histopatològic de les pells de ratolins irradiats amb UVB, revela que els ratolins Trex21- són més resistents que els wt a la inflamació de la pell induïda per UVB. Addicionalment, en les pells irradiades repetidament del ratolí Trex2-/, l'augment en el nombre de capes cel• lulars en l'epidermis com a mesura de protecció de la pell contra la irradiació, és menor que en el wt. En resum, les nostres dades subratllen la rellevància de TREX2 a l'hora de promoure la resposta inflamatòria contra la UVB. Per altra part, a lesions psoriàsiques es dóna un fort increment i canvis en el patró d'expressió de TREX2 respecte la pell sana. La deficiència de TREX2 a ratolins disminueix el fenotip psoriàsic induït per l'Imiquimod. Concretament, TREX2 afavoreix la mort cel• lular i la resposta inflamatòria inicial. A més a més, TREX2 està implicada en la degradació del DNA durant la diferenciació terminal dels corneòcits, disminuint la paraqueratosi. Així, TREX2 té un paper actiu i rellevant en el desenvolupament de la patogènesi associada a la psoriasi., [eng] TREX2 is a 3 '-DNA exonuclease specifically expressed in keratinocytes that acts as tumor suppressor in skin carcinogenesis, but the importance in human pathologies like carcinogenesis and psoriasis and the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. Here, we investigated the relevance and molecular events of TREX2 in the DNA damage skin response. TREX2 expression was up-regulated by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, whereas was de-regulated or lost in human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). TREX2 deficiency in mice enhanced the susceptibility to UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis, which was associated with alterations in DNA damage removal and degradation, cell death and inflammation, indicating multifaceted functions of TREX2. Notably, TREX2 deficiency diminished the up-regulation of key cytokines related to DNA repair and antitumor immunity. Interestingly, TREX2 was recruited to low-density chromatin regions in nuclei that were beginning to condensate chromatin and to micronuclei, interacting with phosphorylated H2AX histone (yH2AX). Altogether, our data establish cell and non-cell autonomous functions of TREX2 in the defense against UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Moreover TREX2 is overexpressed in psoriasic lesions. To elucidate the importance of this exonuclease in the development of the disease, we induced a skin inflammation in mice by topical application of Imiquimod. The Trex24- mice were more resistant to the Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation than wt. Thus, clinical parameters like skin thickness, erythema and scaling were lower in the Trex24- mice compared to the wt, whereas parakeratosis was more abundant in the Trex24- skins. Altogether, our results show thatTREX2 contribute to the pathologic features of psoriasis by enhancing the keratinocyte apoptosis and the inflammation in response to Imiquimod application.
- Published
- 2015
21. Reports on Entomology from Federal University Provide New Insights (Sexual ornaments reveal the strength of melanization immune response and for longevity of male paper wasps)
- Subjects
Wasps ,Immune response ,Biological sciences ,Health - Abstract
2018 SEP 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Life Science Weekly -- Investigators discuss new findings in Life Science Research - Entomology. According to news reporting [...]
- Published
- 2018
22. ETFAD/EADV Eczema task force 2015 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in adult and paediatric patients.
- Author
-
Wollenberg, A., Oranje, A., Deleuran, M., Simon, D., Szalai, Z., Kunz, B., Svensson, A., Barbarot, S., Kobyletzki, L., Taieb, A., Bruin ‐ Weller, M., Werfel, T., Trzeciak, M., Vestergard, C., Ring, J., Darsow, U., Bieber, T., Chernychov, P., Christen ‐ Zäch, S., and De Raeve, L
- Subjects
- *
ATOPIC dermatitis , *SKIN inflammation , *HYDRATION , *TACROLIMUS , *IMMUNOSUPPRESSION , *IMMUNE response - Abstract
Atopic dermatitis ( AD) is a clinically defined, highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease of children and adults. The diagnosis is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Disease activity is best measured with a composite score assessing both objective signs and subjective symptoms, such as SCORAD. The management of AD must consider the clinical and pathogenic variabilities of the disease and also target flare prevention. Basic therapy includes hydrating topical treatment, as well as avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment of visible skin lesions is based on topical glucocorticosteroids and the topical calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. Topical calcineurin inhibitors are preferred in sensitive locations. Tacrolimus and mid-potent steroids are proven for proactive therapy, which is long-term intermittent anti-inflammatory therapy of the frequently relapsing skin areas. Systemic anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive treatment is indicated for severe refractory cases. Biologicals targeting key mechanisms of the atopic immune response are promising emerging treatment options. Microbial colonization and superinfection may induce disease exacerbation and can justify additional antimicrobial treatment. Systemic antihistamines (H1R-blockers) may diminish pruritus, but do not have sufficient effect on lesions. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation, preferably UVA1 or narrow-band UVB 311 nm. Dietary recommendations should be patient specific and elimination diets should only be advised in case of proven food allergy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy to aeroallergens may be useful in selected cases. Psychosomatic counselling is recommended to address stress-induced exacerbations. 'Eczema school' educational programmes have been proven to be helpful for children and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 years of coral disease research visualized through the scope of network theory.
- Author
-
Montilla, Luis M., Ascanio, Alfredo, Verde, Alejandra, and Croquer, Aldo
- Subjects
CORAL diseases ,CONFERENCE papers ,COMMUNITY organization ,META-analysis ,SOCIAL network theory ,TRENDS ,ECOLOGICAL regions ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
Coral disease research encompasses five decades of undeniable progress. Since the first descriptions of anomalous signs, we have come to understand multiple processes and environmental drivers that interact with coral pathologies. In order to gain a better insight into the knowledge we already have, we explored how key topics in coral disease research have been related to each other using network analysis. We reviewed 719 papers and conference proceedings published from 1965 to 2017. From each study, four elements determined our network nodes: (1) studied disease(s); (2) host genus; (3) marine ecoregion(s) associated with the study site; and (4) research objectives. Basic properties of this network confirmed that there is a set of specific topics comprising the majority of research. The top five diseases, genera, and ecoregions studied accounted for over 48% of the research effort in all cases. The community structure analysis identified 15 clusters of topics with different degrees of overlap among them. These clusters represent the typical sets of elements that appear together for a given study. Our results show that while some coral diseases have been studied considering multiple aspects, the overall trend is for most diseases to be understood under a limited range of approaches, e.g., bacterial assemblages have been considerably studied in Yellow and Black band diseases while immune response has been better examined for the aspergillosis-Gorgonia system. Thus, our challenge in the near future is to identify and resolve potential gaps in order to achieve a more comprehensive progress on coral disease research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Spotlights are papers selected by editors published in peer‐reviewed journals that may be more regionally specific or appearing in languages other than English.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL toxicology periodicals , *FIREPROOFING agents , *MICRORNA , *MICROARRAY technology , *PARTICULATE matter , *CADMIUM , *IMMUNE response - Abstract
The article offers information on several research articles published in the "Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology." Topics discussed include the bioaccumulative effects of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in catfish and pigeon; analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs using microarrays in lung tissue of mouse induced by particulate matter; and the effect of cadmium (Cd) exposure on antioxidant and immune response in the liver.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. New Biochip Technology Study Findings Recently Were Reported by Researchers at Ajou University (Immunogenicity Monitoring Cell Chip Incorporating Finger-actuated Microfluidic and Colorimetric Paper-based Analytical Functions).
- Subjects
IMMUNE response ,CONNECTIVE tissue cells ,COLORIMETRY ,RETICULO-endothelial system ,MYELOID cells ,INORGANIC compounds - Abstract
Keywords for this news article include: Suwon, South Korea, Asia, Biochip Technology, Biotechnology, Anions, Chemicals, Connective Tissue Cells, Electrolytes, Elements, Gases, Health and Medicine, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Peroxide, Immunology, Inorganic Chemicals, Ions, Macrophages, Mononuclear Phagocyte System, Myeloid Cells, Organic Chemicals, Oxides, Peroxides, Phagocytes, Reactive Oxygen Species, Ajou University. Keywords: Suwon; South Korea; Asia; Biochip Technology; Biotechnology; Anions; Chemicals; Connective Tissue Cells; Electrolytes; Elements; Gases; Health and Medicine; Hydrogen; Hydrogen Peroxide; Immunology; Inorganic Chemicals; Ions; Macrophages; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Myeloid Cells; Organic Chemicals; Oxides; Peroxides; Phagocytes; Reactive Oxygen Species EN Suwon South Korea Asia Biochip Technology Biotechnology Anions Chemicals Connective Tissue Cells Electrolytes Elements Gases Health and Medicine Hydrogen Hydrogen Peroxide Immunology Inorganic Chemicals Ions Macrophages Mononuclear Phagocyte System Myeloid Cells Organic Chemicals Oxides Peroxides Phagocytes Reactive Oxygen Species 3014 3014 1 08/14/23 20230818 NES 230818 2023 AUG 18 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Researchers detail new data in Biotechnology - Biochip Technology. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
26. Sometimes you’re the scooper, and sometimes you get scooped: How to turn both into something good.
- Author
-
Kim, Jin-Soo and Corn, Jacob E.
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design ,BIOTECHNOLOGY ,GENETICS ,GENOMICS ,GRASSES - Abstract
Fast-moving, competitive fields often inadvertently duplicate research. In a research environment that values being first over being robust, this results in one manuscript “scooping” ongoing research from other groups. Opportunities to demonstrate the solidity of a result through coincidental reproduction are thus lost. Here, two group leaders, one the scooper and one the scoopee, discuss their experiences under PLOS Biology’s new “complementary research” policy. In this case, submission of the second article followed publication of the first by mere days. Scooper and scoopee discuss how complementary research is good for everyone by expanding the scientific reach of studies that are overlapping but not identical, demonstrating the robustness of related results, increasing readership for both authors, and making “replication” studies cost effective by creatively using resources that have already been spent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Oral administration of Clostridium butyricum rescues streptomycin-exacerbated respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung inflammation in mice
- Author
-
Na Zhao, Weiwei Liu, Jia Wang, Wenwen Zhu, Beixing Liu, Rui Zheng, and Dalu Wang
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Immunology ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Macrophage polarization ,Administration, Oral ,Inflammation ,rsv ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,immune response ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,Immune system ,Lactobacillus ,medicine ,Animals ,Clostridium butyricum ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Lung ,gastrointestinal microbiota ,biology ,Interleukin-17 ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,butyrate ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,macrophages ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ,clostridium butyricum ,Streptomycin ,Dysbiosis ,Parasitology ,medicine.symptom ,Interleukin-5 ,Respiratory tract ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Changes in the intestinal microbiota indirectly impact the health of mucosa distal to the intestine, particularly the respiratory tract. However, the effects of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis on the regulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are not clear. In this study, we examined the effects of altering the intestinal microbiota on the pulmonary immune response against RSV infection. BALB/c mice were treated with streptomycin before infection with RSV to study the altered immune response. The ingestion of streptomycin led to a marked alteration in the intestinal microbiota with a reduced abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridium genera, followed by greatly aggravated pulmonary inflammation in response to RSV infection. This aggravated inflammation was associated with a dysregulated immune response against RSV infection, characterized by the increased expression of IFN-γ and IL-17 and increased pulmonary M1-like macrophage polarization, and decreased expression of IL-5. Supplementation of Clostridium butyricum (CB) prevented aggravated inflammation and the dysregulated immune response characterized by greater M2 polarization of pulmonary macrophages and decreased release of IFN-γ and IL-17 as well as increased IL-5 levels. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments identified that butyrate, the main metabolite produced by CB, promoted M2 polarization of macrophages in RSV-infected mice exposed to streptomycin. Together, these results demonstrate the mechanism by which intestinal microbiota modulate the pulmonary immune response to RSV infection.
- Published
- 2021
28. Profiling the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family infection: a perspective from the transcriptome
- Author
-
Rodríguez-Castillo Juan Germán, Murcia Martha Isabel, Barrios Payan Jorge, Mata-Espinosa Dulce Adriana, Bobadilla del Valle Myriam, López-Leal Gamaliel, Ochoa-Leyva Adrian, Zatarain-Barrón Zyanya Lucía, Cerezo-Cortés María Irene, Bini Estela Isabel, Cornejo-Granados Fernanda, Marquina–Casitllo Brenda Nohemí, and Hernandez-Pando Rogelio
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,m. tuberculosis ,Immunology ,Virulence ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,immune response ,Transcriptome ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Mice ,Necrosis ,transcriptomics ,Immune system ,beijing ,Beijing ,colombia ,medicine ,Profiling (information science) ,Animals ,Genetics ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Public health ,Immunity ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,virulence ,Infectious Diseases ,beijing-like ,Parasitology ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Tuberculosis continues to be an important public health problem. Particularly considering Beijing-family strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which have been associated with drug-resistance and hypervirulence. The Beijing-like SIT190 (BL) is the most prevalent Beijing strain in Colombia. The pathogenic mechanism and immune response against this pathogen is unknown. Thus, we compared the course of pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice infected with Classical-Beijing strain 391 and BL strain 323. The disease course was different among infected animals with Classical-Beijing and BL strain. Mice infected with BL had a 100% mortality at 45 days post-infection (dpi), with high bacillary loads and massive pneumonia, whereas infected animals with Classical-Beijing survived until 60 dpi and showed extensive pneumonia and necrosis. Lung RNA extraction was carried out at early (day 3 dpi), intermediate (day 14 dpi), and late (days 28 and 60 dpi) time points of infection. Transcriptional analysis of infected mice with Classical-Beijing showed several over-expressed genes, associated with a pro-inflammatory profile, including those for coding for CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines, both biomarkers of disease severity. Conversely, mice infected with BL displayed a profile which included the over-expression of several genes associated with immune-suppression, including Nkiras, Dleu2, and Sphk2, highlighting an anti-inflammatory milieu which would allow high bacterial replication followed by an intense inflammatory response. In summary, both Beijing strains induced a non-protective immune response which induced extensive tissue damage, BL strain induced rapidly extensive pneumonia and death, whereas Classical-Beijing strain produced slower extensive pneumonia later associated with extensive necrosis. Abbreviations Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; SIT: Spoligotype International Type; TB: Tuberculosis; CTB: Classical-typical Beijing; BL: Beijing-Like; CCL3: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3); CCL4: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand four (CCL4); WHO: World health Organization; DR: Direct Repeats; IFN-γ: Interferon Gamma; IL: Interleukin; TGF-β: Transforming Growth Factor Beta; XDR: Extremely Drug Resistant; MDR: Multi Drug Resistant; MIRU-VNTR: Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units–Variable Number Tandem repeats; OADC: Oleic Albumin Dextrose Catalase; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; MOI: Multiplicity of Infection; CFUs: Colony Forming Units; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; qRT-PCR: Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR; RNA-seq: Ribonucleic Acid sequencing; RIN: RNA Integrity Number; RNA: Ribonucleic Acid; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid; dsDNA HS: Double stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid High Sensitivity; RAI: Red de Apoyo à la Investigacion, Mexico City, Mexico; DEG: Differential Expressed Genes; GO: Gene Ontology; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; ORA: Over-Representation Analysis; SNPs: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms; TNFα: Tumoral necrosis factor alpha; DE: Differential Expression; EPA: Enrichment Pathways Analysis; TLR: Toll-Like receptor; NLRP: NOD-like receptor with Pyrin domain; tRNA: Transfer RNA; MAPK: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase; NK: Natural killer; ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate; DGC: dystrophin-glycoprotein complex; PDIM: Ptiocerol Dimicocerosate; NCBI: National Center for Bioinformatics Information
- Published
- 2021
29. A REVIEW ON SURVIVAL STRATEGIES OF LEISHMANIA WITHIN MACROPHAGES.
- Author
-
Dalui, Tirthnkar and Ghosh, Sanu
- Subjects
LEISHMANIA ,MACROPHAGES ,DISEASE vectors ,LEISHMANIASIS ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a widespread disease transmitted by vectors and characterized by complex interactions between the host's immune system and the parasite. Leishmania, a protozoan parasite is the causative agent of the disease. This parasite has the ability to infect and thrive inside macrophages, which are the body's primary fighting cells. This review paper explores the various strategies employed by Leishmania to overcome the defensive mechanisms of macrophages and survive within the hostile intracellular environment. The study delves into the molecular mechanisms used by Leishmania to influence the process of phagolysosome maturation, evade immunological detection and exploit signaling pathways within macrophages. Furthermore, the paper underscores the significant role of host genetics and immune response variability in influencing the outcome of this host-pathogen interaction. A thorough understanding of the intricate interactions between Leishmania parasites and macrophages is essential in developing innovative therapeutic approaches to treat Leishmania infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Genomic mutation features identify distinct BRCA-associated mutation characteristics in endometrioid carcinoma and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma
- Author
-
Xiaoxue Zhang, Yu Xia, Canhui Cao, Wenjian Gong, Qinglei Gao, Ruidi Yu, Wei Zhang, Dan Liu, and Yong Fang
- Subjects
Aging ,Veliparib ,endocrine system diseases ,endometrioid ovarian carcinoma ,genome mutation ,BRCA ,Biology ,immune response ,Olaparib ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Germline mutation ,Ovarian carcinoma ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Rucaparib ,BRCA2 Protein ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,BRCA1 Protein ,BRCA mutation ,Cell Biology ,medicine.disease ,Endometrial Neoplasms ,chemistry ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Mutation ,Cancer research ,Female ,Transcriptome ,Carcinoma, Endometrioid ,Research Paper ,endometrioid carcinoma - Abstract
Although endometrioid carcinoma (EC) and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (EnOC) display similar pathological features, their molecular characteristics remain to be determined. Somatic mutation data from 2777 EC, 423 EnOC, and 57 endometriosis patients from the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) dataset were analyzed and showed similar profiles with different mutation frequencies among them. By using 275 overlapping mutated genes, EC was clustered into two groups with different disease outcomes and different clinical characteristics. Although BRCA-associated mutation characteristics were identified in both EC and EnOC, the mutation frequencies of BRCA1 (P=0.0146), BRCA2 (P=0.0321), ATR (P=3.25E-11), RAD51 (P=3.95E-08), RAD1 (P=0.0003), TP53 (P=6.11E-33), and BRIP1 (P=2.90E-09) were higher in EnOC. Further analysis showed that EnOC cell lines with BRCA-associated mutation characteristics were more sensitive to poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors than EC cell lines, including olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, and veliparib. Moreover, based on BRCA-associated mutational and transcriptomic profiles, EC with BRCA-associated mutational burdens shows lower levels of immune cell infiltration, higher expression of immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules and worse prognosis than EC without BRCA mutation. Our study comprehensively analyzed the genome mutation features of EC and EnOC and provide insights into the molecular characteristics of EC and EnOC.
- Published
- 2021
31. TBK1 is paradoxical in tumor development: a focus on the pathway mediating IFN-I expression.
- Author
-
Banglu Wang, Fan Zhang, Xiaoyu Wu, and Mei Ji
- Subjects
TYPE I interferons ,CANCER invasiveness ,NATURAL immunity ,IMMUNE response ,CELLULAR signal transduction - Abstract
TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a member of the IKK family and plays a crucial role in the activation of non-canonical NF-kB signaling and type I interferon responses. The aberrant activation of TBK1 contributes to the proliferation and survival of various types of tumor cells, particularly in specific mutational or tumorous contexts. Inhibitors targeting TBK1 are under development and application in both in vivo and in vitro settings, yet their clinical efficacy remains limited. Numerous literatures have shown that TBK1 can exhibit both tumor promoting and tumor inhibiting effects. TBK1 acts as a pivotal node within the innate immune pathway, mediating anti-tumor immunity through the activation of innate immune responses. Facilitating interferon-I (IFN-I) production represents a critical mechanism through which TBK1 bridges these processes. IFN has been shown to exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on tumor progression. Hence, the paradoxical role of TBK1 in tumor development may necessitate acknowledgment in light of its downstream IFNI signaling cascade. In this paper, we review the signaling pathways mediated by TBK1 in various tumor contexts and summarize the dual roles of TBK1 and the TBK1-IFN pathways in both promoting and inhibiting tumor progression. Additionally, we highlight the significance of the TBK1-IFN pathway in clinical therapy, particularly in the context of immune response. We anticipate further advancements in the development of TBK1 inhibitors as part of novel cancer treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Research progress in T cell exhaustion and its relationship with respiratory diseases.
- Author
-
DING Ziqi and ZHANG Qian
- Subjects
T-cell exhaustion ,RESPIRATORY diseases ,IMMUNE response ,GENETIC transcription ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases - Abstract
T cell exhaustion occurs mostly in chronic infections, cancers and autoimmune diseases. Continuous antigenic stimulation leads to the generation of exhausted T cells, which is characterized by progressive loss of effector function, continuous high expression of inhibitory receptors, transcription and epigenetic changes, and metabolic disorders. The in-depth study of the specific mechanism of T cell exhaustion is providing new ideas for the immunotherapy of chronic infection, lung cancer and chronic airway inflammatory disease in respiratory diseases. This paper discussed the influencing factors and characteristics of T cell exhaustion and reviewed the current research status of T cell exhaustion and respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
33. Determination of Deamidation in Adjuvanted Vaccine Antigens through Isoaspartic Acid Quantification.
- Author
-
Hasija, Manvi, Ma, Jian, Li, Bing, Rahman, Nausheen, Strahlendorf, Kirsten A., and Ausar, Salvador Fernando
- Subjects
DEAMINATION ,POST-translational modification ,VACCINE development ,IMMUNE response ,VACCINES - Abstract
Deamidation is a post-translational chemical modification that occurs within proteins and can be influenced by many factors, including temperature and pH. In vaccines, deamidation is considered undesirable as it may lead to changes in structure, function, stability, and immunogenicity. Detecting deamidation in vaccines, especially adjuvanted vaccines, can be challenging due to the lack of simple quantitative techniques. In this study, the quantification of isoaspartic acid (isoAsp) was used to assess deamidation in model antigens in the presence and absence of common vaccine adjuvants. This study shows that the detection of isoAsp was possible in the presence of various types of adjuvants with little to no interference. High levels of isoAsp were detected in thermally and pH-stressed adjuvanted vaccines, suggesting significant deamidation and highlighting the stability-indicating capabilities of the assay. The quantification of isoAsp in stability programs of a vaccine drug product could possibly find applications in product shelf-life determination, using thermal kinetic modeling to predict deamidation over time. The ability to detect deamidation early in vaccine development enhances process improvements and ultimately improves the vaccine's stability. To summarize, this paper describes a rapid and simple method to determine deamidation in adjuvanted vaccines. This method could be applicable to formulation development, stability assessment, or shelf-life determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Multiple Functions of Hepatitis E Virus ORF3.
- Author
-
Jiao, Fengyuan, Zhao, Yu, Zhou, Gengxu, Meng, Chi, Wang, Lingjie, Wu, Shengping, Li, Jixiang, Cao, Liting, Zhou, Bo, Luo, Yichen, and Jiao, Hanwei
- Subjects
CHRONIC active hepatitis ,HEPATITIS E ,HEPATITIS A ,GROWTH factors ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
Hepatitis E (Hepatitis E, HE) is an acute and chronic infectious hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus (Hepatitis E Virus, HEV) infection, which is responsible for most acute hepatitis in the world and is a significant public health problem. The pathogen, HEV, has three Open Reading Frames (ORFs) ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3, each of which has a different function. Most of the current research is focused on ORF1 and ORF2, while the research on ORF3 is still relatively small. To provide more ideas for the study of HEV pathogenesis and the prevention and treatment of HE, this paper reviews the effects of ORF3 on the ERK pathway, growth factors, immune response, and virus release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Immunotherapy in the context of sepsis-induced immunological dysregulation.
- Author
-
Yiqi Wu, Lu Wang, Yun Li, Yuan Cao, Min Wang, Zihui Deng, and Hongjun Kang
- Subjects
IMMUNOTHERAPY ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ,NEONATAL sepsis ,SEPSIS ,IMMUNE response ,IMMUNE system ,IMMUNE reconstitution inflammatory syndrome - Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by uncontrollable immune dysregulation triggered by pathogen infection, characterized by high incidence, mortality rates, and disease burden. Current treatments primarily focus on symptomatic relief, lacking specific therapeutic interventions. The core mechanism of sepsis is believed to be an imbalance in the host's immune response, characterized by early excessive inflammation followed by late immune suppression, triggered by pathogen invasion. This suggests that we can develop immunotherapeutic treatment strategies by targeting and modulating the components and immunological functions of the host's innate and adaptive immune systems. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of immune dysregulation in sepsis and, based on this foundation, discusses the current state of immunotherapy applications in sepsis animal models and clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Global Stability Analysis of CHIKV Dynamics Model with Adaptive Immunity and Distributed Time Delays.
- Author
-
Alade, Taofeek O., Olaniyi, Samson, Idris, Hassan A., Al Rahbi, Yaqoob, and Alnegga, Mohammad
- Subjects
CHIKUNGUNYA virus ,LYAPUNOV stability ,DYNAMICAL systems ,VIRUS diseases ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
The application of mathematical biology and dynamical systems has proven to be an effective approach for studying viral infection models. To contribute to this research, our paper proposes a new CHIKV model that takes into account an adaptive immune response and distributed time delays, which accurately reflects the time lag between initial viral contacts and the production of new active CHIKV particles. By analyzing the model’s qualitative behavior, we establish a biological threshold number that can predict whether CHIKV will be cleared from or persist in the body. We demonstrate the global stability of both CHIKV-present and CHIKV-free steady states using the Lyapunov functional method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. In addition, we conduct numerical simulations to examine how time delays can affect the stability of the steady states. Through these simulations, we gain insights into how varying time delays can influence the persistence or clearance of CHIKV within the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
37. Research status of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 in regulating cancer progression and immune response.
- Author
-
ZHANG Yong, LI Weihong, CHENG Zhipeng, WANG bin, WANG Siheng, and WANG Yubin
- Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a multi-domain serine/threonine protein kinase that causes downstream signal transduction and biological effects by phosphorylating specific proteins. In recent years, with the in-depth study of RIPK1, scholars have found that it is of great significance in autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and a variety of solid tumors and hematological tumors. On the one hand, RIPK1 promotes cell survival and inflammatory responses by activating specific pathways such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). On the other hand, RIPK1 promotes apoptosis by interacting with cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-8 (caspase-8), or promotes necroptosis by interacting with RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). As an upstream signal, RIPK1 has different expression levels in patients with different tumors. Its scaffold function and kinase activity can regulate cancer progression, initiate adaptive immunity, inhibit tumor progression, and generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to promote tumor development. Its dual role has been demonstrated in regulating the occurrence and development of tumors and the body's immune response, and can be used as a new therapeutic target to control cancer progression. This paper starts with the structure of RIPK1 to further explore its function in regulating cancer progression and immune response, and to provide new ideas for the development of cancer-targeted drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Stability analysis for a HIV model with cell-to-cell transmission, two immune responses and induced apoptosis.
- Author
-
Ru Meng, Yantao Luo, and Tingting Zheng
- Subjects
GLOBAL asymptotic stability ,BASIC reproduction number ,HOPFIELD networks ,IMMUNE response ,APOPTOSIS ,HIV - Abstract
In this paper, a dynamic HIV model with cell-to-cell transmission, two immune responses, and induced apoptosis is proposed and studied. First, the non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions of the model are given, and then the exact expression of the basic reproduction number R0 is obtained by using the next generation matrix method. Second, criteria are obtained for the local stability of the disease-free equilibrium, immune response-free equilibrium, and the infected equilibrium with both humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, the threshold conditions are also derived for the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium, immune responsefree equilibrium, and the infected equilibrium with both humoral and cellular immune responses by constructing the suitable Lyapunov function. Finally, some numerical simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results; the numerical simulation results show that the increase of apoptosis rate had a positive role in the control of viral infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Immune Response of Cancer Cells in Breast and Gynecologic Neoplasms.
- Author
-
Rakoczy, Katarzyna, Kaczor, Justyna, Sołtyk, Adam, Szymańska, Natalia, Stecko, Jakub, Drąg-Zalesińska, Małgorzata, and Kulbacka, Julita
- Subjects
BREAST tumors ,CANCER cells ,IMMUNE response ,BREAST cancer ,BREAST ,PHENOTYPIC plasticity - Abstract
Cancer diseases constitute a major health problem which leads to the death of millions of people annually. They are unique among other diseases because cancer cells can perfectly adapt to the environment that they create themselves. This environment is usually highly hostile and for normal cells it would be hugely difficult to survive, however neoplastic cells not only can survive but also manage to proliferate. One of the reasons is that they can alter immunological pathways which allow them to be flexible and change their phenotype to the one needed in specific conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe some of these immunological pathways that play significant roles in gynecologic neoplasms as well as review recent research in this field. It is of high importance to possess extensive knowledge about these processes, as greater understanding leads to creating more specialized therapies which may prove highly effective in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Modeling the Nonmonotonic Immune Response in a Tumor–Immune System Interaction.
- Author
-
Liu, Yu, Ma, Yuhang, Yang, Cuihong, Peng, Zhihang, Takeuchi, Yasuhiro, Banerjee, Malay, and Dong, Yueping
- Subjects
IMMUNE response ,HOPF bifurcations ,ORBITS (Astronomy) ,IMMUNE system ,CELL physiology - Abstract
Tumor–immune system interactions are very complicated, being highly nonlinear and not well understood. A large number of tumors can potentially weaken the immune system through various mechanisms such as secreting cytokines that suppress the immune response. In this paper, we propose a tumor–immune system interaction model with a nonmonotonic immune response function and adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI). The model has a tumor-free equilibrium and at most three tumor-presence equilibria (low, moderate and high ones). The stability of all equilibria is studied by analyzing their characteristic equations. The consideration of nonmonotonic immune response results in a series of bifurcations such as the saddle-node bifurcation, transcritical bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. In addition, numerical simulation results show the coexistence of periodic orbits and homoclinic orbits. Interestingly, along with various bifurcations, we also found two bistable scenarios: the coexistence of a stable tumor-free as well as a high-tumor-presence equilibrium and the coexistence of a stable-low as well as a high-tumor-presence equilibrium, which can show symmetric and antisymmetric properties in a range of model parameters and initial cell concentrations. The new findings indicate that under ACI, patients can possibly reach either a stable tumor-free state or a low-tumor-presence state in the presence of nonmonotonic immune response once the immune system is activated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Development of a BoHV-4 viral vector expressing tgD of BoHV-1 and evaluation of its immunogenicity in mouse model
- Author
-
Zeynep Akkutay Yoldar, S. Bilge-Dagalp, Feray Alkan, Aykut Ozkul, Gaetano Donofrio, Fırat Doğan, and Touraj Aligholipour Farzani
- Subjects
Booster dose ,Bacterial, Fungal and Virus Molecular Biology - Research Paper ,TgD ,Antibodies, Viral ,Microbiology ,Viral vector ,Mice ,Viral Proteins ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Bovine herpesvirus 1 ,Media Technology ,Animals ,Bovine herpesvirus 4 ,Immune response ,Herpesvirus 1, Bovine ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Bacterial artificial chromosome ,biology ,Immunogenicity ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Virology ,Herpesvirus 4, Bovine ,biology.protein ,Antibody - Abstract
In recent years, Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) has emerged as an attractive gene delivery viral vector, mainly for vaccination purposes in the veterinary field. In the present study, a new infectious clone of the BoHV-4 genome carrying a bacterial artificial chromosome vector (BoHV-4-BAC) was developed by homologous recombination in mammalian cell culture and bacterial systems, and exploited to express a truncated form of glycoprotein D (tgD) of Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) (BoHV-4-tgD∆TK) as a vaccine candidate. This construct's immunogenicity was compared to a DNA vector expressing the same antigen (pC-tgD) in a BALB/c mouse model. After the mice were immunized, total and specific antibody responses, cytokine responses, total splenocyte cells proliferation/cytotoxicity, and virus neutralization assays were conducted to analyze the immune response elicited by both constructs. Mice from both vaccine groups developed significant humoral and cellular immune responses after a booster dose regime was conducted on day 28 post-injection. In almost all immunological assays, BoHV-4-tgDΔTK induced as high an immune response as pC-tgD. In both vaccine constructs, neutralizing antibodies were a significant determining factor in protection against BoHV-1, even after the first injection. We conclude that a BoHV-4-based viral vector offers an effective immunization strategy as an alternative to DNA-based immunization platforms, at least to combat BoHV-1.
- Published
- 2021
42. Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy as an Informational Reservoir Dynamically Linked to Metabolic and Immunological Processes Associated with COVID-19 Neurological Disorders
- Author
-
George B. Stefano and Richard M. Kream
- Subjects
Mitochondrial DNA ,Cell type ,Somatic cell ,Mitochondrion ,Biology ,Heteroplasmy ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Genome ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Immune system ,Animals ,Humans ,Immune response ,Genetics ,Review Paper ,Gut microbiome ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Immunity ,COVID-19 ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Mitochondria ,Nuclear DNA ,Central nervous system ,Nervous System Diseases - Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy is the dynamically determined co-expression of wild type (WT) inherited polymorphisms and collective time-dependent somatic mutations within individual mtDNA genomes. The temporal expression and distribution of cell-specific and tissue-specific mtDNA heteroplasmy in healthy individuals may be functionally associated with intracellular mitochondrial signaling pathways and nuclear DNA gene expression. The maintenance of endogenously regulated tissue-specific copy numbers of heteroplasmic mtDNA may represent a sensitive biomarker of homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic integrity, and immune competence. Myeloid cells, monocytes, macrophages, and antigen-presenting dendritic cells undergo programmed changes in mitochondrial metabolism according to innate and adaptive immunological processes. In the central nervous system (CNS), the polarization of activated microglial cells is dependent on strategically programmed changes in mitochondrial function. Therefore, variations in heteroplasmic mtDNA copy numbers may have functional consequences in metabolically competent mitochondria in innate and adaptive immune processes involving the CNS. Recently, altered mitochondrial function has been demonstrated in the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Accordingly, our review is organized to present convergent lines of empirical evidence that potentially link expression of mtDNA heteroplasmy by functionally interactive CNS cell types to the extent and severity of acute and chronic post-COVID-19 neurological disorders.
- Published
- 2021
43. Correction: Wang et al. A VLP-Based Vaccine Displaying HBHA and MTP Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Potentially Protective Immune Responses in M. tuberculosis H37Ra Infected Mice. Vaccines 2023, 11 , 941.
- Author
-
Wang, Juan, Xie, Tao, Ullah, Inayat, Mi, Youjun, Li, Xiaoping, Gong, Yang, He, Pu, Liu, Yuqi, Li, Fei, Li, Jixi, Lu, Zengjun, and Zhu, Bingdong
- Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis ,IMMUNE response ,TUBERCULOSIS ,MICE ,ANTIGENS - Abstract
Graph: Figure 7 Immunization schedule and protective efficacy of immunization with LV20 in adjuvant DP against M. tuberculosis H37Ra infection. A VLP-Based Vaccine Displaying HBHA and MTP Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Potentially Protective Immune Responses in M. tuberculosis H37Ra Infected Mice. After conducting an investigation in collaboration with the academic editors, the authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper: We changed the title of the paper from "A VLP-Based Vaccine Displaying HBHA and MTP Antigens of I Mycobacterium tuberculosis i Induces Protective Immune Responses in I M. tuberculosis i H37Ra Infected Mice" to "A VLP-Based Vaccine Displaying HBHA and MTP Antigens of I Mycobacterium tuberculosis i Induces Potentially Protective Immune Responses in I M. tuberculosis i H37Ra Infected Mice". [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis: What we have learnt by February 2021
- Author
-
Shay Menascu, Diana Guber, Anat Achiron, Uri Givon, Michael Gurevich, Shlomo Flechter, Daniela Noa Zohar, Yael Stern, David Magalashvili, Mark Dolev, Shmuel Miron, Rina Falb, Michael Polliack, Emanuel Shirbint, and Sapir Dreyer-Alster
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Adolescent ,immune response ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,Disability Evaluation ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Recurrence ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Adverse effect ,acute relapse ,BNT162 Vaccine ,Aged ,business.industry ,Multiple sclerosis ,Vaccination ,Age Factors ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,adverse events ,Neurology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Patient Safety ,business ,Original Research Papers ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background: Since vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became available, risks related to vaccinating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) need to be carefully assessed. Objective: Characterize safety and occurrence of immediate relapses following COVID-19 vaccination in a large cohort of MS patients. Methods: We assessed the safety of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in adult MS patients. Results: Between 20 December 2020 and 25 January 2021, 555 MS patients received the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine and 435 received the second dose. There were three cases of COVID-19 infection encountered after the first dose. Safety profile of COVID-19 vaccine was characterized by pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. No increased risk of relapse activity was noted over a median follow-up of 20 and 38 days after first and second vaccine doses, respectively. The rate of patients with acute relapse was 2.1% and 1.6% following the first and second doses, respectively, similar to the rate in non-vaccinating patients during the corresponding period. Mild increase in the rate of adverse events was noted in younger patients (18–55 years), among patients with lower disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ⩽3.0), and in patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs. Conclusion: COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine proved safe for MS patients. No increased risk of relapse activity was noted.
- Published
- 2021
45. Single-cell transcriptomes of peripheral blood cells indicate and elucidate severity of COVID-19
- Author
-
Mengyao Liu, Ping Zhu, Gaoxiang Wang, Tao Cheng, Hui Cheng, Xiaowei Xie, Biao Zhang, Xuelian Cheng, Liting Chen, Sha Hao, and Jianfeng Zhou
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cell ,severity ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Biology ,Severity of Illness Index ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,immune response ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,medicine ,Humans ,General Environmental Science ,single-cell RNA-seq ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Effector ,COVID-19 ,Killer Cells, Natural ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cytokine ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,PBMCs ,Immunology ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Single-Cell Analysis ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,CD8 ,Research Paper - Abstract
The blood and immune system of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients are dysfunctional, and numerous studies have been conducted to resolve their characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms. Nevertheless, the variations of immune responses along with disease severity have not been comprehensively documented. Here, we profiled the single-cell transcriptomes of 96,313 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from 12 COVID-19 patients (including four moderate, four severe and four critical cases) and three healthy donors. We showed that proliferative CD8 effector T cells with declined immune functions and cytotoxicity accumulated in the critical stage. By contrast, the quantity of natural killer (NK) cells was significantly reduced, while they exhibited enhanced immune activities. Notably, a gradually attenuated responseto COVID-19 along with disease severity was observed in monocytes, in terms of cellular composition, transcriptional discrepancy and transcription factor regulatory network. Furthermore, we identified immune cell-type dependent cytokine signatures distinguishing the severity of COVID-19 patients. In addition, cell interactions between CD8 effector T/NK cells and monocytes mediated by inflammatory cytokines were enhanced in moderate and severe stages, but weakened in critical cases. Collectively, our work uncovers the cellular and molecular players underlying the disordered and heterogeneous immune responses associated with COVID-19 severity, which could provide valuable insights for the treatment of critical COVID-19 patients. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s11427-020-1880-y and is accessible for authorized users.
- Published
- 2021
46. NLRC4 gene silencing-dependent blockade of NOD-like receptor pathway inhibits inflammation, reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis of dendritic cells in mice with septic shock
- Author
-
Jun-Ming Luo, Chun-Song Yan, and Shi-Sheng Wang
- Subjects
CD86 ,NLRC4 ,Aging ,Chemistry ,Septic shock ,inflammatory reaction ,Inflammation ,Cell Biology ,Cell cycle ,Lung injury ,medicine.disease ,immune response ,NOD-like receptor pathway ,Apoptosis ,Cancer research ,medicine ,septic shock ,Viability assay ,medicine.symptom ,Research Paper - Abstract
Septic shock is one of the most significant health concerns across the world, involving hypo-perfusion and defects in tissue energy. The current study investigates the role of NLR family CARD domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) in septic shock-induced inflammatory reactions, lung tissue injuries, and dendritic cell (DC) apoptosis. Septic shock mice models were established by modified cecal ligation and puncture and injected with retroviral vector expressing siRNA-NLRC4. DCs were then isolated and transfected with siRNA-NLRC4. The degree of lung tissue injury, cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis and cell viability of DCs were assessed. NLRC4 was found to be expressed at high levels in mice with septic shock. NLRC4 silencing inhibited the activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) pathway as evidenced by the decreased levels of NOD1, NOD2, RIP2, and NF-κB. In addition, NLRC4 silencing reduced the inflammatory reaction as attributed by reduced levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Suppressed NLRC4 levels inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis evidenced by inhibited induction of DC surface markers (CD80, CD86, and MHC II), along with alleviated lung tissue injury. In conclusion, NLRC4 silencing ameliorates lung injury and inflammation induced by septic shock by negatively regulating the NLR pathway.
- Published
- 2021
47. Mitochondria-targeted and ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles for oxygen and nitric oxide codelivery to reverse immunosuppression and enhance sonodynamic therapy for immune activation
- Author
-
Hao Xu, Yan Xu, Jingxing Si, Hao Ren, Changwei Ji, Yaqian Yang, Xiaozhou Mou, Wenjing Zhang, Hongqian Guo, and Xin He
- Subjects
China ,Ultrasonic Therapy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mitochondria-targeted ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nitric Oxide ,Theranostic Nanomedicine ,Nitric oxide ,Oxygen and nitric oxide codelivery ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Immune system ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Immune Tolerance ,Tumor Microenvironment ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immune response ,Hypoxia ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Ultrasonography ,Tumor microenvironment ,Chemistry ,Sonodynamic therapy ,Immunity ,Immunosuppression ,Immunotherapy ,Macrophage Activation ,Mitochondria ,Oxygen ,Reverse immunosuppression ,Cancer research ,Nanoparticles ,Immunogenic cell death ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background: Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth and activate antitumor immune responses for immunotherapy. However, the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limits its therapeutic efficacy and suppresses immune response. Methods: In this study, mitochondria-targeted and ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles were developed to co-deliver oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) to enhance SDT and immune response. This system (PIH-NO) was constructed with a human serum albumin-based NO donor (HSA-NO) to encapsulate perfluorodecalin (FDC) and the sonosensitizer (IR780). In vitro, the burst release of O2 and NO with US treatment to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mitochondria targeting properties and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated in tumor cells. Moreover, in vivo, tumor accumulation, therapeutic efficacy, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, immunogenic cell death, and immune activation after PIH-NO treatment were also studied in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. Results: PIH-NO could accumulate in the mitochondria and relive hypoxia. After US irradiation, O2 and NO displayed burst release to enhance SDT, generated strongly oxidizing peroxynitrite anions, and led to mitochondrial dysfunction. The release of NO increased blood perfusion and enhanced the accumulation of the formed nanoparticles. Owing to O2 and NO release with US, PIH-NO enhanced SDT to inhibit tumor growth and amplify immunogenic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PIH-NO promoted the maturation of dendritic cells and increased the number of infiltrating immune cells. More importantly, PIH-NO polarized M2 macrophages into M1 phenotype and depleted myeloid-derived suppressor cells to reverse immunosuppression and enhance immune response. Conclusion: Our findings provide a simple strategy to co-deliver O2 and NO to enhance SDT and reverse immunosuppression, leading to an increase in the immune response for cancer immunotherapy.
- Published
- 2021
48. Interleukin IL-5 alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating the immune response in rats
- Author
-
Wangmei Zhou, Beichun Wei, Xu Li, Lei Shi, Yu Chen, and Shengwu Liao
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bioengineering ,Lung injury ,HMGB1 ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,immune response ,Sepsis ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,il-5 ,Animals ,Interleukin 5 ,Lung ,biology ,business.industry ,Interleukin ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Peripheral blood ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,acute lung injury ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Interleukin-5 ,business ,CD8 ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Research Article ,Research Paper ,Biotechnology - Abstract
To study the effect of IL-5 on the immune response and lung injury in rats with sepsis. We constructed a rat model of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The rats were randomly divided into the control group, the sham group, the CLP group and the IL-5 group, with 6 rats in each group. With the induction of CLP, the lung tissue of rats was severely injured, and the water content of lung tissue was significantly increased. Moreover, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was significantly decreased and Th1/Th2 was significantly increased in the peripheral blood. The content of IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1 was found to be increased in the CLP group. However, with the injection of IL-5, the degree of lung tissue injury in CLP rats was alleviated and the water content of lung tissue was significantly reduced. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was increased and Th1/Th2 was significantly down-regulated in the peripheral blood and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and HMGB1 in serum were significantly decreased. In conclusion, IL-5 can alleviate lung injury by regulating the immune response and inhibiting the systemic inflammatory response induced by sepsis., Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
49. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor in the immune system is a novel target for treating multiple sclerosis
- Author
-
Xin-Fu Zhou, Chang-Qi Li, Kang Chen, Cong Luo, Ru-Ping Dai, Junmei Xu, Hui Li, Yang Liu, Plinio R Hurtado, Zhao-Lan Hu, Bo Hu, Shiqing Feng, Shuang Wang, Ernesto Hurtado-Perez, Hu, Zhao Lan, Luo, Cong, Hurtado, Plinio Reinaldo, Li, Hui, Wang, Shuang, Hu, Bo, Xu, Jun Mei, Liu, Yang, Feng, Shi Qing, Hurtado-Perez, Ernesto, Chen, Kang, Zhou, Xin Fu, Li, Chang Qi, and Dai, Ru Ping
- Subjects
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,multiple sclerosis ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,immune response ,Multiple sclerosis ,Mice ,Immune system ,Neurotrophic factors ,Leukocytes ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,antibodies ,Protein Precursors ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,B cell ,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,business.industry ,Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ,brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,Brain ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,proBDNF ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Spinal Cord ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,immunotherapy ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
Rationale: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) is expressed in the central nervoussystem (CNS) and the immune system. However, the role of proBDNF in the pathogenesis of multiplesclerosis (MS) is unknown. Methods: Peripheral blood and post-mortem brain and spinal cord specimens were obtained from multiple sclerosis patients to analyze proBDNF expression in peripheral lymphocytes and infiltrating immune cells in the lesion site. The proBDNF expression profile was also examined in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, and polyclonal and monoclonal anti-proBDNF antibodies were used to explore their therapeutic effect in EAE. Finally, the role of proBDNF in the inflammatory immune activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was verified in vitro experiments. Results: High proBDNF expression was detected in the circulating lymphocytes and infiltrated inflammatory cells at the lesion sites of the brain and spinal cord in MS patients. In the EAE mouse model, proBDNF was upregulated in CNS and in circulating and splenic lymphocytes. Systemic but not intracranial administration of anti-proBDNF blocking antibodies attenuated clinical scores, limited demyelination, and inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in EAE mice. Immuno-stimulants treatment increased the proBDNF release and upregulated the expression of p75 neurotrophic receptors (p75NTR) in lymphocytes. The monoclonal antibody against proBDNF inhibited the inflammatory response of PBMCs upon stimulations. Conclusion: The findings suggest that proBDNF from immune cells promotes the immunopathogenesis of MS. Monoclonal Ab-proB may be a promising therapeutic agent for treating MS. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2021
50. The role of vitamin A and vitamin D in the modulation of the immune response with focus on innate lymphoid cells
- Author
-
Vladimir Jurisic, Biljana Božić-Nedeljković, and Tanja Džopalić
- Subjects
Vitamin ,animal diseases ,Immunology ,Population ,Cell ,innate lymphoid cells ,vitamin D ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,vitamin A ,immune response ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Vitamin D and neurology ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,education ,Review Paper ,education.field_of_study ,Innate immune system ,Innate lymphoid cell ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Acquired immune system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Medicine ,bacteria - Abstract
The immune system with its numerous and complex interactions helps to protect the host from pathogenic microorganisms, and enables cleaning of damaged tissues. It is also associated with constant “monitoring” of the appearance of malignant cells and their elimination that can occur in the human body. Such a role depends on many factors including adequate intake of nutrients, including vitamins. The effect of vitamin supplementation on the modulation of the immune response has always been the focus of numerous studies. Vitamins A and D have been shown to have the greatest immune-modulatory effect. In this review, we discuss and consider the possible roles of vitamins A and D on the immune response through innate and adaptive immune cells, with special focus on the cell population recently characterized as innate lymphoid cells. Recent literature data indicate that vitamin A and its metabolites modulate the balance between Th1 and Th2 immunity. In addition, vitamin D expresses protective effects on the innate immune system and inhibitory effects on adaptive immunity.
- Published
- 2021
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.