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Supernumerary teeth are advantaged sources for high‐quality stem cell preparation from both apical papilla (SCAP‐Ss) and dental pulp (DPSCs). However, the deficiency of the systematic and detailed comparison of the biological and transcriptomic characteristics of the aforementioned stem cells largely hinders their application in regenerative medicine. Herein, we collected supernumerary teeth for SCAP‐S and DPSC isolation and identification by utilizing multiple biological tests (e.g., growth curve, cell cycle and apoptosis, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction). Furthermore, we took advantage of transcriptome sequencing and multifaceted bioinformatic analyses to dissect the similarities and diversities between them. In this study, we found that SCAP‐Ss and DPSCs showed indistinctive signatures in morphology and immunophenotypes, whereas with diversity in cell vitality and multi‐lineage differentiation as well as gene expression profiling and differentially expressed genes‐associated gene ontology and signaling pathways. Collectively, our data indicated the diversity of the multifaceted signatures of human supernumerary teeth‐derived stem cells both at the cellular and molecular levels, which also supplied new references for SCAP‐Ss serving as splendid alternative stem cell sources for regenerative medicine purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The structure and biological functions of LDs and their mode of interaction with other organelles are briefly described. • Fluorescent probes that focus on the network of interactions between LDs and other organelles were summarized. • Fluorescent probes reviewed are divided into dual-targeted and multi-targeted based on the number of organelles targeted. • Challenges and directions for developing multi-organelle LDs-associated fluorescent probes are discussed. Lipid droplets, as the centre of lipid metabolism, interact with the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosome, nucleus and other organelles to maintain the body's energy balance through vesicle transport or membrane contact. Disruption of the interaction process will lead to the development of lipid metabolism-related diseases. In recent years, many fluorescent probes have been developed to visually follow the dynamic interaction process visually between lipid droplets and other organelles. Existing reviews on lipid droplets fluorescent probes are mainly categorised and reviewed in terms of the emission band of probes, mother fluorophores and design strategies. However, probes that focus on the interactions between lipid droplets and other organelles can provide further insight into the whole process from lipid droplets formation to transformation as well as the mechanisms of diseases related to lipid metabolism. This paper mainly reviews the progress of fluorescent probes targeting lipid droplets interactions with other organelles in the last five years and is divided into dual-targeted and multi-targeted sections based on the number of targeted organelles. The focus is on the biological contacts and dynamic interaction processes between lipid droplet-centred organelles observed by fluorescence imaging with dual-targeted and multi-targeted probes in the article. The targeting groups and reaction sites of the probes are marked in the figure. Moreover, the paper briefly describes the structure and biological functions of lipid droplets and their connections with other organelles. Perhaps in addition to the imaging performance of the probes, we believe that the use of precision instruments to provide high spatio-temporal resolution and reliable results is also a key factor in observational studies. Finally, we summarize the development prospect of multi-color multi-targeted fluorescent probes related to lipid droplets. We expect to bring novel thinking to the design of lipid droplet fluorescent probes and provide new ideas for exploring diagnostic and therapeutic options for lipid droplet-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theranostic nanoplatforms with integrated diagnostic imaging and multiple therapeutic functions play a vital role in precise diagnosis and efficient treatment for breast cancer, but unfortunately, these nanoplatforms are usually stuck in single-site imaging and single mode of treatment, causing unsatisfactory diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a dual biomarkers-activatable facile hollow mesoporous MnO 2 (H–MnO 2)-based theranostic nanoplatform, DNAzyme@H–MnO 2 -MUC1 aptamer (DHMM), was constructed for the simultaneous multi-site diagnosis and multiple treatment of breast cancer. The DHMM acted as an integrated diagnostic and therapeutic nanoplatform that realizes multi-site fluorescence imaging-guided high-efficient photothermal/chemodynamic/gene synergistic therapy (PTT/CDT/GT) for breast cancer. The H–MnO 2 exhibits high loading capacity for Cy5-MUC1 aptamer (3.05 pmoL μg−1) and FAM-DNAzyme (3.37 pmoL μg−1), and excellent quenching for the probes. In the presence of MUC1 on the cell membrane and GSH in the cytoplasm, Cy5-MUC1 aptamer and FAM-DNAzyme was activated triggering dual-channel fluorescence imaging at different sites. Moreover, the self-supplied Mn2+ was further supplied as DNAzyme cofactors to catalytic cleavage intracellular EGR-1 mRNA for high-efficient GT and stimulated the Fenton-like reaction for CDT. The H–MnO 2 also showcases a favorable photothermal performance with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.16%, which ultimately contributes to multi-site fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic treatment with an apoptosis rate of 71.82%. This dual biomarker-activatable multiple therapeutic nanoplatform was realized multi-site fluorescence imaging-guided PTT/CDT/GT combination therapy for breast cancer with higher specificity and efficiency, which provides a promising theranostic nanoplatform for the precision and efficiency of breast cancer treatment. [Display omitted] • DHMM realized multi-site imaging and highly efficient PTT/CDT/GT synergistic therapy with a final apoptosis rate of 71.82%. • The H–MnO 2 exhibits large loading capacity for FAM-DNAzyme (3.37 pmoL μg−1) and Cy5-MUC1 aptamer (3.05 pmoL μg−1). • The H–MnO 2 showcases excellent photothermal properties with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 44.16%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate patterns of insulin secretion in pregnancy and analyze the association between insulin patterns and risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: A prospective study was conducted to collect and analyze pregnant women's materials from January 2015 to December 2018. Pregnant women were grouped according to results of 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and GDM. Insulin secretion patterns were based on the time of peak(s) and shape of insulin secretion curve. The relationship between insulin secretion patterns and pregnant outcomes was analyzed.Results: A total of 2432 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria during the study period. Among them, 737 (30.3%) women were grouped as GDM and 1695 (69.7%) as NGT. Type I insulin secretion represented the early phase of insulin secretion (peak time at 30 or 60 minutes), while type II represented the delayed peak of insulin secretion (peak time at 120 or 180 minutes). Logistic regression analysis showed that type II insulin secretion was a risk factor of pre-eclampsia, large-for-gestational-age, and neonatal hypoglycemia.Conclusion: The delayed insulin peak is a useful marker for risk of GDM and adverse pregnant outcomes in women with GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a nonlinear least squares estimator based on the extending cost function is derived, and its performance is analyzed in a Monte-Carlo simulation. Numerical results show that estimation error of the pulse time of arrival satisfies the normal distribution, the relation between the variance and the number of X-ray photon obtained by our simulation is compared with the analytical model. In addition, the effect of time bin size on the statically behavior of estimation error is also studied. This work holds great promise for designing the parameters of X-ray camera adopted in the pulsar navigation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • One-step preparation of full-color carbon dots by selecting the anticancer drug hydroxyurea as the precursor. • Rapid and targeted endocytosis were achieved by mannose-modified carbon dots. • The hydroxyurea active functional group retained in mp-CDs synergizes with mannose to yield therapeutic effects on liver cancer cells. Using hydroxyurea and o-phenylenediamine as precursors, a series of panchromatic carbon dots were synthesized by varying the kind and amounts of solvents, and the pink carbon dots (p-CDs) with a quantum yield of 46% were chosen for cellular research. After further modifying the p-CDs with mannose, mp-CDs could selectively target liver cancer cells that overexpressed the mannose receptor and easily enter the cells via endocytosis to achieve naked-eye discrimination of liver cancer cells. In addition, the residual hydroxyurea functional group on the surface of mp-CDs is in coordination with mannose, which induces targeted killing effects on liver cancer cells. This work not only suggests a strategy for making panchromatic carbon dots by altering the solvent, but it also offers a way to identify and treat liver cancer through cellular research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 4′-acylamino modified Δ 1,4 -pregnadien-21 E -benzylidene-3,20-dione derivatives ( 6a – v ) was synthesized from the commercially available progesterone ( 1 ). These title compounds were evaluated for their toxicity against brine shrimp ( Artemia salina ) and cytotoxic activities against two human cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7). The results revealed that compound 6f exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxic activity to the two cancer cell lines and the nature of acylamino functional group in the benzylidene moiety had a significant influence on cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and microenvironmental viscosity are detrimental to human health, so the effective monitoring of these indicators in relevant foods and organisms is of great significance. The dual-functional fluorescent probes that are sensitive to active sulfur and microenvironment at the subcellular organelle level can link the spatiotemporal changes of different species, which are crucial for understanding complex biological processes. In this work, a high-performance bifunctional red fluorescent probe named Probe 2 was rationally designed and constructed by screening different electron-donating groups. The probe exhibits good chromogenic and turn-on fluorescence responses to SO 2 and viscosity, and can target mitochondria well. The probe has been successfully applied for accurate and rapid determination of sulfite content in water and food samples with good recovery (93.2–98.1 % and 94.2–100.4 %). Furthermore, Probe 2 enables real-time tracking and dual-color fluorescence imaging of SO 2 and viscosity in cells and zebrafish, especially its high sensitivity to changes in these two parameters during mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. [Display omitted] • Four cationic fluorescent probes were constructed and their sensing performances were studied in detail. • Probe 2 exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity in SO 2 and viscosity detection. • Probe 2 has been applied for accurate and rapid determination of sulfite in water and food samples with good recovery. • Probe 2 enables real-time tracking and dual-color fluorescence imaging of SO 2 and viscosity during mitochondrial dysfunction. • Probe 2 enables real-time tracking and dual-color fluorescence imaging of SO 2 and viscosity during apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using progesterone as the starting material, we synthesized a series of steroidal derivatives possessing a D-ring substituted benzamidothiazole. All of the final structures were reported and identified by NMR and HRMS spectrometry for the first time. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds against PC-3 (human prostate cancer cell line) and SKOV-3 (ovarian cancer cells) were investigated. The preliminary results showed that compounds 8b , 8d and 8g possessed moderate antiproliferative activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using androstenedione as the starting material, we have synthesised 11 novel 4-chloro-16-(E)-benzylidene androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione derivatives. All the final products are novel and were identified by ¹H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of steroidal derivatives containing [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derived from progesterone is described. The Claisen condensations of Δ1,4-pregnadien-3,20-dione and 4-chloro-Δ1,4-pregnadien-3,20-dione with dimethyl oxalate afforded 21-methoxalylpregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione and 4-chloro-21-methoxalylpregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, respectively. Furthermore, the reactions of these compounds with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole yielded the corresponding [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated in vitro by means of sulforhodamine B assays for antiproliferative activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the seismic impedance inversion, the low-frequency information reflects the general trend of the impedance curve. Without low-frequency information, inversion results cannot accurately reflect stratigraphic changes. Seismic data are also spatially correlated, while the conventional inversion methods do not consider the spatial correlation of geological structures, which may lead to poor lateral continuity of the inversion results. To alleviate these problems, we propose a low-frequency constrained seismic impedance inversion method combining large kernel attention (LKA) and long short-term memory (LSTM). Our network structure is divided into an inversion module and a low-frequency feature extraction module. In the inversion module, we integrate LKA and LSTM into the network, which can improve the lateral continuity of the inversion results. The low-frequency feature extraction module constrains the entire network structure and extracts more refined low-frequency features. To demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method, we applied it to the SEAM model. Experiments show that our method has the best lateral continuity and accuracy, with mean squared error and Coefficient of Determination (R2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$R^{2}$$\end{document}) of 0.0485 and 0.9164, respectively, as well as strong noise immunity. This method also achieves favorable inversion results on the Volve field seismic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has always been a taxonomic controversy over the Middle Pleistocene raccoon-dogs, such as those from ZKD (=Zhoukoudian), which have previously been referred to either as Nyctereutes sinensis or N. procyonoides. Here, the specimens from ZKD Loc.1 and 13 have been re-evaluated and a number of diagnostic features have been identified and summarised. It is strongly recommended that they be classified as a new species, Nyctereutes peii, characterised by the robust dentition. The rationale and necessity for the establishment of N. peii has also been addressed from a number of perspectives. In addition, the evolution of the raccoon-dog’s foraging habits was outlined here for the first time using the molar ratio method. Surprisingly, the evolution of the foraging habits is not linear and gradual, but rather complex or tortuous. N. peii unexpectedly showed a less omnivorous habit than other populations. After that, however, there was a sudden reversal in the evolutionary trajectory, a major turning point in the evolution of the raccoon-dog that heralded the arrival of the extant population. Although the mechanism and dynamics are not fully understood and will need to be studied, the authors suggest that it may be linked to the dramatic fluctuations in global climate.LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF024839-3475-4249-902F-6E68D7A901BC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoplastics exposure poses a significant threat to the environment and human health, and accurate measurement of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions remains challenging. In this work, we synthesized the cationic fluorescent probe 4-[1-Cyano- 2-[4-(Diethylamino)−2-hydroxyphenyl]ethenyl]−1-ethylpyridinium (PCP) through a straightforward procedure for the rapid and accurate detection and labeling of nanoplastics in aqueous solutions. PCP binds to nanoplastics through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with restricted intramolecular rotation and exhibits enhanced fluorescence emission. Using carboxylation-modified polystyrene nanoplastics as a model, PCP could accurately detect concentrations as low as 0.525 mg∙L−1 in aqueous solution and perform wash-free semi-quantitative direct observation. The method demonstrated good reproducibility and recovery in actual sample spiking experiments. In addition, PCP-labeled nanoplastics were successfully used to visualize the uptake and distribution of cells and Arabidopsis thaliana when exposed to different concentrations of nanoplastics. This work provides a simple and sensitive method for efficiently identify, track, and quantify nanoplastics without requiring additional pretreatment and complex instrumentation, making it an ideal tool for accurately quantifying nanoplastics in aqueous solutions and studying the biological interactions of nanoplastics. [Display omitted] • A simple, rapid and cost-effective fluorescent probe developed for detecting nanoplastics. • The probe achieved high selectivity and sensitivity sensing of PS-COOH nanoplastics with LOD of 0.525 mg/L. • The probe enables lighting up the nanoplastics and wash-free observation of nanoplastics in aqueous solutions. • The probe labels nanoplastics efficiently and tracks them well in a variety of biological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular assembly of carbon dots with organic luminescent small molecules can be devoted to picking up a predetermined fluorescent probe detection system for specific targets. In this work, the blue fluorescent carbon dots B-CDs were prepared by using sodium citrate and nitrogen-rich branched polyethyleneimine as precursors through a functional preservation strategy. A modularized, difunctional and ratiometric fluorescent probe B-CDs@RBH with dual-emission was dexterously prepared by simply blending B-CDs and rhodamine b-hydrazide for the detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+. B-CDs can be quenched by Hg2+ through static quenching, while Cu2+ can specifically open the lactam of rhodamine b-hydrazide to form rhodamine B through hydrolysis accompanied by a turn-on orange fluorescence. More interestingly, rhodamine B can absorb the fluorescence of B-CDs through fluorescence resonance energy transfer, resulting in a blue to orange fluorescence color change in the presence of Cu2+. B-CDs@RBH has a low detection limit of 17.79 nM and 4.19 nM for Hg2+ and Cu2+ respectively with a detection range of 0.1–5 μM, which was applied for the ratiometric fluorescence detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ in cells and zebrafish, and achieved smartphone-assisted on-site water samples detection. The facile modular design of B-CDs@RBH fluorescent probe and convenient on-site detection application are of great benefit in further ascertaining the migration and transformation of heavy metals in biological and environmental samples. [Display omitted] • The facile modular fabrication of bifunctional FRET-type fluorescent probe by hybridizing carbon dots and fluorescent dye. • The monitoring of Hg2+ and Cu2+ in water samples, living cells and zebrafish was realized. • Smartphone-assisted on-site quantitative determination of Hg2+ and Cu2+ was realized with no expensive instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noiseless linear amplification (NLA), first proposed by Ralpha et al., is a nondeterministic amplification process which gives gain to the Fock state |n〉 → gn|n〉, with g being the amplification gain. We here give a general framework for improving the NLA scheme with arbitrary general local unitary operations. We derive the improvement in the amplification gain in 0–1 photon subspace. In particular, we study if the local unitary is composed of single mode squeezing and coherent displacement operation. Finally, numerical simulations show that local unitary operation could give a further enhancement in the amplification gain as well as the success probability, making the NLA more feasible in future optic quantum communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A programmed DNA–Au nanomachine has been constructed to achieve in situ imaging of transmembrane glycoprotein MUC1 and cytoplasmic miRNA-21 and trigger gene silencing therapy. The results of MCF-7 cell-specific imaging and apoptosis experiments demonstrate that the nanomachine provides a valuable nanotheranostic platform for accurate multi-site imaging and intracellular gene silencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The prepared two carbon dots based on wheat straw emerge dual-function luminescence characteristics, fluorescence is used for detection of Cu2+ and RTP for information security. • The blue carbon dots of Cu2+ was prepared by one-step carbonization method, and the detection selectivity and interference performance were satisfactory. • The CDs was successfully applied to image the contents of Cu2+ in living cells and zebrafish. • CDs@IPA shows different solid fluorescent colors under different UV lamps and green visible room temperature phosphorescence to the naked eyes for 5 s. The green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from biomass is critical for their sustainable application. Herein, using wheat straw as a single precursor, carbon dots (CDs) were prepared through a one-step carbonization process, and the obtained CDs have intense blue luminescence and excitation-independent photoluminescent behavior. The solution of CDs shows good biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity successfully used as hopeful bioimaging and biosensing probe for Cu2+ in HepG2 cells and zebrafish. Based on CDs, boron-doped carbon dots with IPA shells (CDs@IPA) can be obtained by doping boron element and isophthalic acid (IPA) coating. CDs@IPA irradiated with different wavelength ultraviolet lamps shows different solid fluorescence, while turning off the ultraviolet lamp can produce green visible room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) to the naked eyes for 5 s. The two kinds of wheat straw-based carbon dots have bifunctional luminescence properties and can be used to detect Cu2+ and serve as RTP anti-counterfeiting signs to ensure information security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐DRB1*14:246 differs from HLA‐DRB1*14:18 by one nucleotide in exon 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastering the SNP content in the HLA region can be based on it to judiciously select unrelated donor stem cells with preferable MHC matching to lower postoperative complications. Herein, quantitative PCR‐based primers and probes were designed for 10 transplants outcome‐associated SNP loci with two‐allelic polymorphism, and then a new detection system ("HLA‐10‐SNP") was established. Compared with Sanger sequencing, its accuracy has been proven to reach 100%. Additionally, fluorescent PCR typing of 10 important SNPs via this system expressed excellent repeatability (sensitivity, 20 ng). Overall, the new system achieves single‐sample classification precision and easily distinguishable results, equipped with the advantages of simple, rapid, accurate, and effective, promising to acquire widespread popularization and application in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of rapid decompression with its effect assessment and protection technology is the problem that must be faced by the future exploration projects such as near space exploration, deep space exploration, and long-term lunar or Mars base. A new reusable quick opening mechanism which can be opened in millisecond is designed to meet the testing requirement of ground simulator for extremely rapid decompression, and the testing results show that the quick opening mechanism can be opened within 0.1 s. The mathematical formulation is also developed, and the comparisons with the results from the literature demonstrate its validity. The CFD simulation and the verification system are established for the airflow in the rapid decompression process under different opening degrees. The simulation results show that the effect of the opening on the decompression process is very obvious and the decompression time corresponding to 50%, 75%, and 100% opening is 479.1 ms, 320.7 ms, and 290.1 ms, respectively. The testing results also show a consistent trend which is 583 ms, 450 ms, and 384 ms, respectively, to reach the equilibrium state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), which mediates the killing function of NK cells, is an attractive candidate for adoptive cellular therapy. The ethnic distribution for China provides a unique opportunity to investigate KIR gene distribution. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between population history and the rapidly evolving KIR genetic diversity. 8050 Chinese donors from 184 hospitals were included to analyse frequency, haplotype, and B-content data of 16 KIR genes, by PCR-SSP for KIR genotyping. KIR gene carrier frequencies were found similar to those observed in other studies on Han, but different from Thais, Japanese, Africans, and populations of West Eurasian ancestry. High-frequency KIR genotype profiles found in the present population were consistent with other studies on Han populations but different from those conducted on other cohorts. The majority of our cohort carried group A KIR gene motifs. Additionally, populations with similar geographic locations in China were shown clustered together, while Hainan and Xinjiang provinces were slightly separated from these. The distribution of KIR genes varies by geographic region, and different ethnic groups may be a confounding factor of KIR diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐DRB1*12:01:12 differs from HLA‐DRB1*12:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐C*01:239 differs from HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract For a long time, it is controversial whether cave bears have ever lived in China during the Pleistocene. Here we checked the published and unpublished bear fossils from Zhoukoudian (North China) housed in Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Palaeoanthropology, CAS and Zhoukoudian Site Museum, and compared them with contemporary cave bears and brown bears. Our observation confirms the existence of cave bears only in Loc. 1 of Zhoukoudian. The general morphology of cave bears in China is similar to that of the early Middle Pleistocene cave bears in Europe and this bear can be assigned to Ursus deningeri. The metacarpals of U. deningeri from Loc. 1 of Zhoukoudian are much plumper than those of the approximately contemporary U. deningeri from Hundsheim (Austria) and are similar to those of the Late Pleistocene U. spelaeus / ingressus , presumably with a good digging ability. In contrast to Europe and Caucasus, cave bears from China are much less abundant than brown bears during the Middle Pleistocene. Highlights • Cave bear presence in China was unambiguously confirmed for the first time. • Some newly defined characters distinguishing brown bears and cave bears were developed. • First systematic revision of fossil bear from Zhoukoudian allows to indicate time span of cave bear records in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PTGS2 may be a potential therapeutic target for pelvic inflammation disease (CPID). • RPR attenuates uterine inflammation in CPID rats by downregulating PTGS2 expression. • RPR can treat CPID by acting on the arachidonic acid pathway. Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory effects that has been used in chronic pelvic inflammation disease (CPID) therapy. However, research on the mechanism of RPR in CPID therapy is lacking. Here, we used a network pharmacology method to screen targets and found that the PTGS2 target in the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway was significantly related to CPID. Then, regarding the molecular mechanism, it was further confirmed that RPR may reduce the development of CPID by regulating the PTGS2 target. The CPID rat model was established by mixed bacterial infection. We verified the expression of PTGS2 by immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting assays to detect the expression of PTGS2 protein, and polymerase chain reaction detection of PTGS2 mRNA expression. It was observed that the PTGS2 target decreased significantly after RPR administration at different doses. It is suggested that RPR can reverse the abnormal expression of PTGS2 in CPID rats. We believe that RPR is effective in the treatment of CPID, and RPR can reduce the inflammatory symptoms of CPID by regulating the level of PTGS2 in the AA pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]