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Separation membranes with homogeneous charge channels are the mainstream to reject charged mass by forming electrical double layer (EDL). However, the EDL often compresses effective solvent transport space and weakens channel‐ion interaction. Here, built‐in electric fields (BIEFs) are constructed in lamellar membranes by assembling the heterostructured nanosheets, which contain alternate positively‐charged nanodomains and negatively‐charged nanodomains. We demonstrate that the BIEFs are perpendicular to horizontal channel and the direction switches alternately, significantly weakening the EDL effect and forces ions to repeatedly collide with channel walls. Thus, highly efficient rejection for charged mass (salts, dyes, and organic acids/bases) and ultrafast water transport are achieved. Moreover, for desalination on four‐stage filtration option, salt rejection reaches 99.9 % and water permeance reaches 19.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Such mass transport behavior is quite different from that in homogeneous charge channels. Furthermore, the ion transport behavior in nanochannels is elucidated by validating horizontal projectile motion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are considered a competitive next‐generation electrochemical energy storage device, while the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) resulting from the sluggish redox kinetics severely impedes their practical applications. Herein, a novel cation doping strategy is demonstrated for substantially accelerating the sulfur redox kinetics on the transition metal sulfide (TMS) electrocatalysts by partially substituting cobalt atoms with in situ dissolved Ni dopants (NixCo3‐xS4, 0

Fungal aerosols, as significant biocomponents of inhalable particulate matter, encompass a variety of allergens and pathogens. However, comprehensive knowledge regarding their composition, sources, and opportunistic pathogens present in severe air pollution remains limited. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected from January to March 2018 in a northern Chinese city, during the winter heating and spring sandstorm seasons. The fungal community characteristics within three distinct haze and haze‐dust composite pollution were examined. The concentration of fungal aerosols was found to be significantly higher in dust samples. This was evidenced by a strong positive correlation with Ca2+, temperature, and wind speed (p < 0.05). Human and animal pathogens, such as Candida, were more prevalent in haze samples. Conversely, allergens and plant pathogens, like Alternaria, were found in higher concentration in dust samples. The primary ecological function shifted from being saprophytic to becoming human‐animal pathogenic or plant‐animal pathogenic. This shift was observed from non‐pollution, haze, to haze‐dust composite pollution. The dispersion of fungal aerosols was influenced by factors such as dust events and meteorological conditions, including increased temperature and wind speed. In the spring dust episodes, dust‐related pollutants, such as soil Ca2+ and PM10, accounted for 51.39% of the variation in the fungal community. This research explored the dynamics of fungal communities, potential pathogens, and factors influencing fungal communities in regional air pollution. The insights garnered from this research provide a robust foundation for subsequent human health exposure assessments. Plain Language Summary: Fungal aerosols, comprising spores, mycelium, and metabolites, harbor a variety of pathogens, and allergens of medical significance. These aerosols have been observed to increase in concentration during regional severe air pollution, necessitating further exploration of their potential harmful effects. This study aimed to elucidate the concentration, community structure, pathogens, and ecological functions of fungal aerosols during severe air pollution. To achieve this, particulate matter samples were collected in the typical periods of heightened pollution (winter heating and spring sandstorm seasons) in a northern China city. During this period, three severe pollution episodes‐defined as haze, haze‐dust synchronous composite pollution, and haze‐dust asynchronous composite pollution‐were identified. Our findings revealed that fungal concentrations were notably high in dust samples. High wind speed and temperature facilitated the dispersion of fungal spores. Winter haze samples were enriched with highly animal pathogenic fungi, while spring dust samples exhibited an elevated abundance of allergens and plant pathogens. Notably, meteorological conditions exerted a more pronounced impact on the fungal community during haze pollution, whereas dust‐related pollutants were the primary factors affecting the distribution and variation of fungal communities in the spring dust episodes. This research offers foundational data for evaluating human health exposure to fungal aerosols. Key Points: Meteorological conditions and air pollutants modulate fungal communitiesHuman pathogenic fungi were enriched in haze samples (Candida)Allergens and plant pathogens (Alternaria) were abundant in dust samples [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent advances in extrusion bioprinting of cell‐laden hydrogels, using naturally derived bioinks to biofabricate complex elastic tissues with both satisfying biological functionalities and superior mechanical properties is hitherto an unmet challenge. Here, we address this challenge with precisely designed biological tough hydrogel bioinks featuring a double‐network structure. The tough hydrogels consisted of energy‐dissipative dynamically crosslinked glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (o‐nitrobenzyl‐grafted hyaluronic acid) and elastin through Schiff's base reaction, and free‐radically polymerized gelatin methacryloyl. The incorporation of elastin further improved the elasticity, stretchability (∼170% strain), and toughness (∼45 kJ m−3) of the hydrogels due to the random coiling structure. We used this novel class of hydrogel bioinks to bioprint several complex elastic tissues with good shape retention. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments also demonstrated that the existence of elastin in the biocompatible bioinks facilitated improved cell behaviors and biological functions of bioprinted tissues, such as cell spreading and phenotype maintenance as well as tissue regeneration. The results confirmed the potential of the elastin‐containing tough hydrogel bioinks for bioprinting of 3D complex elastic tissues with biological functionalities, which may find widespread applications in elastic tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Multifunctional composite coatings exposed to environmental conditions are prone to aging and potential functional failure due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This study investigates the impact of UV radiation on the structure and properties of low infrared emissivity composite coatings, comprising ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) as the matrix and antistatic carbon fiber (CF) and flaky floating aluminum powder as fillers. In addition to analyzing the photochemical degradation reactions of the composite coating under UV irradiation, the role of fillers in resisting UV aging is elucidated. The performance parameters examined include infrared (IR) emissivity, surface resistivity, mechanical properties, and dielectric properties. The results indicate that after UV aging, EPDM undergoes the most significant changes, leading to the formation of carbonyl groups. CFs experience mild UV aging and an increase in resistivity. Aluminum powder, on the other hand, remains largely unchanged after UV aging and its addition significantly reduces the UV aging rate of the composite coating, resulting in a low IR emissivity of as low as 0.2 after UV aging. Among them, Coating 4 exhibits the best overall performance after UV aging. The UV aging mechanism of EPDM and the role of fillers were revealed. The UV aging of the coating significantly reduced the infrared emissivity (Reduced from 0.5 to 0.2). Al powder effectively reduced the UV degradation rate of the coating by reflecting UV light. The properties of the double‐formulated coating perform best after UV aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the commercial development of perovskite solar cells, the main challenge lies in achieving efficient devices with high stability. Additive engineering in polycrystalline perovskites is considered as an effective approach to address this challenge by passivating surface defects and reducing carrier losses associated with these defects. In this work, the passivation effect of molecules with different side chain groups on perovskites and the role of binding energy in mitigating carrier loss are studied. The findings reveal that the thiophene group is particularly effective in passivating defects and enhancing hole transport. Consequently, devices treated with 2‐thienylmethylamine hydrochloride (TMAC) demonstrate a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.63%. Furthermore, these TMAC‐treated devices exhibit remarkable stability, maintaining over 93.13% of their initial efficiencies after 1200 h of continuous illumination under maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This research presents a pathway to enhance the optoelectronic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the precise placement of hydrological stations on a simulated digital river network is crucial for constructing hydrological models applicable to process simulation, water resource management, and flood forecasting endeavors. To solve this problem, we categorized and scrutinized deviations between the simulated and their actual station locations, and proposed a novel automatic hydrological station relocation algorithm (ASRA). The algorithm was first validated in the Amazon Basin using Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) hydrological stations and 90 m × 90 m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, successfully correcting the spatial position and corresponding catchment area (CCA) of each station. Findings revealed that CCA inaccuracies were notably decreased, transitioning from an initial 7.62% when employing a conventional 5‐km search radius to 5.43% after adopting an iteratively optimized, objective, and rational 8‐km search radius. The ASRA method was subsequently applied to GRDC stations within the HDMA and HydroSHEDS data sets, successfully repositioning 8,339 and 8,026 stations respectively, all with catchment area deviations of less than 5%, thus either exceeding or at least equaling the precision of prior research efforts. A Python program was developed and incorporated into an ArcGIS toolbox that features user‐friendly attributes, enabling swift computation and accurate rectification, as a result of building upon our method. In short, our study presents a fresh approach and a robust tool for tackling the inconsistencies of hydrological station locations. The updated global GRDC hydrological station locations specifically tailored for both HDMA and HydroSHEDS data sets, together with the toolbox developed, were accessible for download on the figshare platform. Plain Language Summary: As a result of the inherent limitations posed by DEM resolution, hydrological stations' actual positions frequently diverge from their corresponding simulated locations on the digital river network derived from DEM data. These discrepancies can vary across different DEM data sets. While traditional manual methods have been reliable in terms of accuracy, they suffer from inefficiency, while automatic approaches, conversely, have offered speed but at the cost of precision. Hence, this study introduces an automated method and ArcGIS‐based toolbox that combines both high accuracy and efficiency, exemplifying its application in the Amazon basin as well as globally. Key Points: The deviation of hydrological station locations on a digital river network were categorized into three types according to the catchment area and locationA new ASRA was developed to deal with all deviation types with the advantages of convenience, efficiency, and easy integration with ArcGISThis method provides an objective and reasonable search radius to decrease the catchment area deviation based on an empirical search radius [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cinnamoyl lipid compound youssoufene A1 (1), featuring a unique dearomatic carbon‐bridged dimeric skeleton, exhibits increased inhibition against multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecalis as compared to monomeric youssoufenes. However, the formation process of this intriguing dearomatization/dimerization remains unknown. In this study, an unusual "gene‐within‐gene" thioesterase (TE) gene ysfF was functionally characterized. The gene was found to naturally encodes two proteins, an entire YsfF with α/β‐hydrolase and 4‐hydroxybenzoyl‐CoA thioesterase (4‐HBT)‐like enzyme domains, and a nested YsfFHBT (4‐HBT‐like enzyme). Using an intracellular tagged carrier‐protein tracking (ITCT) strategy, in vitro reconstitution and in vivo experiments, we found that: i) both domains of YsfF displayed thioesterase activities; ii) YsfF/YsfFHBT could accomplish the 6π‐electrocyclic ring closure for benzene ring formation; and iii) YsfF and cyclase YsfX together were responsible for the ACP‐tethered dearomatization/dimerization process, possibly through an unprecedented Michael‐type addition reaction. Moreover, site‐directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that N301, E483 and H566 of YsfF are critical residues for both the 6π‐electrocyclization and dimerization processes. This study enhances our understanding of the multifunctionality of the TE protein family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemistry of hypercoordination has been a subject of fundamental interest, especially for understanding structures that challenge conventional wisdom. The small ionic radii of Fe ions typically result in coordination numbers of 4 or 6 in stable Fe‐bearing ionic compounds. While 8‐coordinated Fe has been observed in highly compressed oxides, the pursuit of hypercoordinated Fe still faces significant challenges due to the complexity of synthesizing the anticipated compound with another suitable anion. Through first‐principles simulation and advanced crystal structure prediction methods, we predict that an orthorhombic phase of FeF3 with exclusively 8‐coordinated Fe is energetically stable above 18 GPa—a pressure more feasibly achieved compared to oxides. Inspired by this theoretical result, we conducted extensive experiments using a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell technique to investigate the crystal structures of FeF3 at high‐pressure conditions. We successfully synthesized the predicted orthorhombic phase of FeF3 at 46 GPa, as confirmed by in situ experimental X‐ray diffraction data. This work establishes a new ionic compound featuring rare 8‐coordinated Fe in a simple binary Fe‐bearing system and paves the way for discovering Fe hypercoordination in similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) nanochannels with confined spacing and tunable microenvironment exhibit broad application prospects in molecule‐scale processes. However, mass transport behaviors in nanochannels have yet been clearly elucidated, due to the complex physical and chemical structures of nanochannels. Herein, a series of vertically‐aligned nanochannels with tunable chemistry were fabricated by embedding graphene‐based lamellar membranes into epoxy matrix. In this way, 2 mm‐length robust nanochannels can maintain the molecular transport configuration throughout the membrane without the disturbance from entrance and cross‐layer domains. Based on these platforms, it is demonstrated that molecule–channel and molecule–molecule interactions codetermine molecular transport efficiency by controlling molecular configuration and transfer friction. Significantly, matched interaction energies permit fast transport with methanol permeance of over 26.1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which outperforms most reported long‐range nanochannels, while mismatched interaction energies fail to do so. In addition, the vertically‐aligned nanochannels membranes hold exceptional stability because of the mechanical protection of epoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Since the 1970s, extensive land reclamation has been carried out in the Bohai Sea. However, reclamation activities were prohibited in 2018. Using the MIKE3 numerical model, this study selected 1976 and 2018 as representative years before and after reclamation, respectively, and developed a highly accurate three‐dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport model for the Bohai Sea. The model was employed to access the effects of reclamation on tidal waves, tidal prism, residual current, tidal flux (TF), and suspended sediment flux (SSF). The results revealed that after reclamation, the amphidromic points of M2 and S2 shifted southward near Qinhuangdao, and eastward near the Yellow River estuary. The M2 amplitude in the Bohai Bay exhibited a maximum increase of 30 cm. In the Bohai Sea, the tidal prism decreased by 3.95%, suggesting a decrease in water exchange capacity. The TF in the Bohai Sea and Laizhou Bay decreased by 0.7% and 12%, respectively, while increasing by 16% in Bohai Bay and 12% in Liaodong Bay, primarily due to the variations in tidal waves. Furthermore, SSF decreased by 6% in the Bohai Sea, but increased by 125% in Bohai Bay and 114% in Laizhou Bay. The significant increase in SSF in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay was mainly attributed to the higher suspended sediment concentrations and the stronger residual current velocities near the Yellow River estuary. This study provides comprehensive insights into the impacts of reclamation on TF and SSF in the Bohai Sea, which could contribute to marine resource development and the planning of environmental restoration projects. Plain Language Summary: In the Bohai Sea, land reclamation has been accelerated since 1970s. Due to negative effects on aquaculture and channel, reclamation activities were prohibited in 2018. However, no research on annual tidal flux (TF) and suspend sediment flux (SSF) in the Bohai Sea has been reported. We have established high‐precision hydrodynamic and sediment transport model to analyze the impacts of reclamation on TF and SSF in the Bohai Sea. The findings revealed that reclamation led to a decrease in TF in the Bohai Sea and Laizhou Bay, while caused an increase in TF in Bohai Bay and Liaodong Bay. After reclamation, the SSF decreased in the Bohai Sea, while increased in Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay and Liaodong Bay. After reclamation, the suspended sediment concentration and residual current velocity near the Yellow River estuary increased significantly, which was the main reason for the significant increase of SSF in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay. The Bohai Sea served as both the "source" of Yellow Sea muddy area and the "sink" of Yellow River which carried a large amount of sediment. The research on how reclamation affecting the TF and SSF in the Bohai Sea was essential for the sedimentation system of the East China Seas. Key Points: After reclamation, the area of Bohai Bay reduced, however, the tidal prism increased by nearly 10% due to the increase of tidal rangeAfter reclamation, tidal flux and water exchange capacity decreased in the Bohai Sea and Laizhou Bay, while increased in Bohai BayAfter reclamation, sediment flux decreased in the whole Bohai Sea and increased in three bays, particularly in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formamidinium‐cesium triiodide (FAxCs1‐xPbI3) perovskite exhibits excellent phase stability, making it the most promising candidate for commercial perovskite solar cell (PSC) applications, particularly those with inverted structures present a promising contribution to the field of perovskite production. However, this composition often forms small grain sizes and has a large number of defects and PbI2 residues on its surface, which can damage device performance. In this study, a post‐surface engineering strategy called the "clean‐passivation" method is proposed to address the interfacial problem between the perovskite and the electron transport layer (ETL). This method significantly reduces surface and grain boundary defects and eliminates unreacted PbI2, resulting in suppressed iodine decomposition and ion migration during operation. As a result, an excellent power conversion efficiency of 24.27% with superior stability is achieved, as the unencapsulated device maintains 97.12% of its initial efficiency after 1500 h of continuous light soaking. Furthermore, this new surface clean‐passivate strategy can be universally applied to other typical perovskite compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress impedes viticultural plant growth and development by modifying various metabolic pathways. However, the regulatory network response underlying drought stress is not yet clear. In this study, the leaves and roots of "Shine Muscat" ("SM," Vitis labruscana × Vitis vinifera) and "Thompson Seedless" ("TS," V. vinifera L. cv.) were subjected to drought stress to study the regulatory network used by drought stress. Morphophysiological results showed that the malondialdehyde content after 28 days of drought stress increased more significantly in "TS" than "SM." Furthermore, the multiomics analysis studies showed that a total of 3036–6714 differentially expressed genes and 379–385 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in "SM" and "TS" grapevine cultivars under drought stress. Furthermore, the retained intron was the major form of differential alternative splicing event under drought stress. The photosynthesis pathway, antioxidant system, plant hormone signal transduction, and osmotic adjustment were the primary response systems in the two grapevine cultivars under drought stress. We have identified GRIK1, RFS2, and LKR/SDH as the hub genes in the coexpression network of drought stress. In addition, the difference in the accumulation of pheophorbide‐a reveals different drought resistance mechanisms in the two grapevine cultivars. Our study explained the difference in drought response between cultivars and tissues and identified drought stress‐responsive genes, which provides reference data for further understanding the regulatory network of drought tolerance in grapevine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of spinosad (spinosyn A + spinosyn D), thiocyclam, and nereistoxin in cucumber was developed with mean recoveries of 93−104%, relative standard deviations of ≤9%, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/kg. Field trials of spinosad and thiocyclam were performed in 12 representative cultivating areas in China. Field trial results indicate that spinosyn A and spinosyn D easily dissipated in cucumber with half‐lives of 2.48–6.24 and <3 days, respectively. Nereistoxin was produced after thiocyclam application and was more persistent than its parent. The terminal residues of spinosad were all below the maximum residue limits (0.2 mg/kg) in China, whereas the terminal concentration of nereistoxin (calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of thiocyclam), which was much higher than that of thiocyclam, was far beyond the maximum residue limits of thiocyclam in cucumber (0.01 mg/kg) established by the European Union. The predicted no‐effect concentrations of spinosyn A, spinosyn D, thiocyclam, and nereistoxin leaching into groundwater were estimated using China‐PEARL (Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local scales) models after application. However, the dietary (food and water) exposure risk quotient for different populations was below 1 with a preharvest interval set at 5 days after the last application, indicating that the application of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber was unlikely to pose unacceptable risk for human health. This study provides data for the safe use of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CsPbI3 nanocrystals (CPI NCs) have become a trending research topic due to their impressive potential in functional optoelectronic devices and optical gain applications. Their optical responses are governed by carrier dynamics, which is greatly influenced by temperature and corresponding phase structure due to the effects of inherently electron‐phonon coupling. Notably, CPI NCs have been identified to adopt an unexpectedly stable cubic phase from room temperature to liquid helium temperature. Here, using in situ cryogenic electron diffraction measurements, it is unambiguously demonstrated that CPI NCs undergo consecutive cubic‐tetragonal‐orthorhombic phase transitions from 298 to 100 K. The corresponding temperature‐dependent multiexcitonic dynamics are investigated in each phase by combining time‐resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. In addition to the temperature dependency, the lifetime of both excitons and biexcitons evidently depends on the phase structures of the CPI NCs, highlighting the crucial effect of crystal structure on the carrier dynamics. Moreover, the biexciton binding energy increases with higher crystal symmetry due to the decrease of the dielectric constant. The findings shed light on the structural phase transition and its relationship to the carrier dynamics in all‐inorganic perovskite NCs, which provides critical insight into the structure‐performance relationship in CPI NCs for promising applications in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus, which usually progresses to end‐stage renal disease and causes great damage to the health of patients. Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), a molecule closely associated with the progression of DKD, has increased expression in response to high glucose stimulation and is involved in hemodynamic changes, inflammation, glomerular and tubular dysfunction in the kidney, causing an increase in proteinuria and a decrease in glomerular filtration function, ultimately leading to glomerulosclerosis and renal failure. This paper aims to review the molecular level changes, regulatory mechanisms, and mechanisms of action of ET‐1 under DKD, clinical trials of ET‐1 receptor antagonists in recent years and current problems, to provide basic information and new research directions and ideas for the treatment of DKD and ET‐1‐related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The angular gyrus (AG), given its rich connectivity and its location where multisensory information converges, is a functionally and anatomically heterogeneous structure. Using the state‐of‐the‐art functional gradient approach and transcription‐neuroimaging association analysis, we sought to determine whether there is an overarching hierarchical organization of the AG and if so, how it is modulated by the underlying genetic architecture. Resting‐state functional MRI data of 793 healthy subjects were obtained from discovery and validation datasets. Functional gradients of the AG were calculated based on the voxel‐wise AG‐to‐cerebrum functional connectivity patterns. Combined with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we examined the spatial correlations between the AG functional gradient and gene expression. The dominant gradient topography showed a dorsoanterior–ventroposterior hierarchical organization of the AG, which was related to its intrinsic geometry. Concurrently, AG functional subdivisions corresponding to canonical functional networks (behavioral domains) were distributed along the dominant gradient in a hierarchical manner, that is, from the default mode network (abstract cognition) at one extreme to the visual and sensorimotor networks (perception and action) at the other extreme. Remarkably, we established a link between the AG dominant gradient and gene expression, with two gene sets strongly contributing to this link but diverging on their functional annotation and specific expression. Our findings represent a significant conceptual advance in AG functional organization, and may introduce novel approaches and testable questions to the investigation of AG function and anatomy in health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with severe COVID‐19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm, which is a hyperinflammatory medical condition caused by the excessive and uncontrolled release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. High levels of numerous crucial pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐2, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon (IFN)‐γ, IFN‐induced protein 10 kDa, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and IL‐10 and so on, have been found in severe COVID‐19. They participate in cascade amplification pathways of pro‐inflammatory responses through complex inflammatory networks. Here, we review the involvements of these critical inflammatory cytokines in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and discuss their potential roles in triggering or regulating cytokine storm, which can help to understand the pathogenesis of severe COVID‐19. So far, there is rarely effective therapeutic strategy for patients with cytokine storm besides using glucocorticoids, which is proved to result in fatal side effects. Clarifying the roles of key involved cytokines in the complex inflammatory network of cytokine storm will help to develop an ideal therapeutic intervention, such as neutralizing antibody of certain cytokine or inhibitor of some inflammatory signal pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the socioeconomic processes and outcomes of ecological restoration projects (ERPs) is important to the ERP's effectiveness or performance. In addition, ERPs are often carried out in parallel with other policies and may have complex and integrated impacts on social‐ecological systems. However, few studies have included the impact of such parallel policies in their analysis. Here, the agro‐pastoral ecotone in northern China, which contains several national ERPs and grass‐based livestock husbandry promotion policies, was used to analyze the socioeconomic outcomes in the context of multi‐policies. Specifically, we developed a framework to integrate linkages between multiple ecosystem management policies, livelihood assets, activities, and socioeconomic outcomes and used a structural equation model to distinguish the contributions and pathways of multi‐policies to socioeconomic outcomes. Thus, our framework follows the cascading effects of multi‐policies from the perspective of rural livelihoods while highlighting the diverse socioeconomic impacts. The results showed that grass‐based livestock husbandry and the local economy had a more significant impact on rural income compared to ERPs. However, it is worth noting that the agricultural structure has also changed with the development of grass‐based livestock husbandry, which may have a negative feedback effect on the ERP effectiveness. In other words, complementarity and offsetting can occur between ERPs and parallel policies. Our study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social‐ecological processes and outcomes, thereby providing new methods and insights for future scientific policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping forests with satellite images at local to global scale is done on a routine basis, but to go beyond the mapping of forest cover and towards characterizing forests according to their types, species and use, requires a dense time‐series of images. This knowledge is important, because ecological and economic values differ between forests. A new generation of low cost very high spatial resolution satellite images and the advent of deep learning enables improved abilities for distinguishing objects based on their structure, which could potentially also be applied to map different forest classes related to type, species and use. Here we use GF‐1 images at 2 m resolution and map six forest classes including different planted species for the karst region in southwest China, covering 806,900 km2. We compare the results with field data and show that accuracies range between 78% and 90%. We show a dominance of plantations (15%) and secondary forests (70%), and only remnants of natural forests (6%). The possibility to map forest classes based on their crown structure derived from low cost very high‐resolution satellite imagery paves the road towards sustainable forest management and restoration activities, supporting the creation of connected habitats, increasing biodiversity and improved carbon storage. No temporal information is needed for our approach, which saves costs and leads to rapid results that can be updated at a high temporal frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, a terahertz monolithic integrated planar band‐pass filter based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators has been proposed. By adopting the feeding line in form of a slotline, the need for air‐bridges in traditional CPW filters is eliminated, achieving good integrability and reducing fabrication difficulty. To further improve the filtering performance, the defected ground structure is used in the design, introducing a finite transmission zero at the lower sideband. The filter is manufactured on the semi‐insulation silicon carbide (SiC) substrate, to fit the existing advanced GaN‐on‐SiC monolithic integration system. Measurement reveals the fractional band‐width of 5.7% at the center frequency of 279 GHz, with an insertion loss of 5.1 dB. With a volume of 500 × 400 × 50 μm (0.45 × 0.36 × 0.045 λ0), the proposed filter improves the performance of the planar filter operating at the terahertz band effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanisms of ecological restoration project (ERP) effectiveness is essential for designing, implementing, and sustainably managing ERPs. It is worth noting that ERPs and parallel policies always lead to an interplay between socioeconomic systems and the ecosystem, and such processes can also have a significant impact on ERP effectiveness in addition to local environmental conditions. However, few studies have focused on this mechanism. Here, the agro‐pastoral ecotone in northern China, which is a key area containing several national ERPs, was used to analyze the above problem from the perspective of rural livelihood activities. Specifically, we identified changes in rural livelihood activities in the context of ERPs and analyzed the impact of changing activities' feedback effect on ERP effectiveness. The results showed that in addition to the afforestation and local environmental factors, changing rural livelihood activities significantly affected the ERP effectiveness through the direct or indirect pathway. Based on our results, we suggest policymakers need an integrated and systemic perspective and focus on the dynamic changes in rural livelihood activities in the context of ERPs and parallel policies. Our study helps to elucidate the complex mechanisms of ERP effectiveness with a social‐ecological perspective, thereby providing new insights and a theoretical basis for improving ERP effectiveness in China and around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic peptides possess advanced structural characteristics of stability and play a vital role in medical treatment and agriculture. However, the biological functions of microorganism‐derived cyclic peptides (MDCPs) and their applications in food industry were relatively absent. MDCPs are derived from extensive fermented food or soil. In this review, the synthesis approaches and structural characteristics are overviewed, while the interrelationship between bioactivities and functions is emphasized. This review summarizes the bioactivities of MDCPs from in vitro to in vivo, including antimicrobial activities, immune regulation, and antiviral cell activation. Their multiple functions as well as applications during food product processing, packaging, and storage are also comprehensively reviewed. Remarkably, some potential risks and cytotoxicity of MDCPs are also critically discussed. Moreover, future applications of MDCPs in the development of novel food additives and bioengineering materials are organized. Based on this review of native MDCPs, it is noteworthy that expected improvements of synthetic cyclic peptides in bioactive properties present potential valuable applications in future food, including artificial meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infection can cause delay in wound healing, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accumulated in wounds, which threaten patients' lives. Therefore, it needs to develop a multifunctional hydrogel for infected wound healing. Here, a multifunctional QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel with antibacterial and antioxidant property, established by the self‐adaptive covalent bond, is prepared aiming to eradicate bacteria and eliminate ROS. It is observed that QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel displays remarkable ability of clearing ROS and killing bacteria in vitro. With its antibacterial and antioxidant activity, QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel significantly accelerates the MRSA‐infected wound closure and reduces inflammatory, when QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel was applied to wound sites. Collectively, the research suggests that a self‐adaptive QAS‐CS@GA‐GM hydrogel is a promising wound dressing as antibacterial and ROS‐scavenging dressing for bacterial‐infected wound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) based compact millimeter‐wave (MMW) 3‐D substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering antenna was proposed. First, a band‐pass filter with two transmission zeros in the upper and lower sidebands was designed, with a fractional bandwidth of 2.03% at a center frequency of 98.1 GHz. The filtering antenna was developed and manufactured on this premise, by adopting an E‐shape patch antenna, achieving a superior frequency selection characteristic with a 1.63% impedance bandwidth and out‐of‐band gain dropped over 15 dB at 92.7 and 101.2 GHz, respectively. With a compact structure size of 2.4 × 1.6 × 0.5 mm3 (0.78 λ0 × 0.05 λ0 × 0.016 λ0), high gain and high selectivity were realized in the MMW band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement in sequencing technology and the decrease in sequencing cost, increasing amounts of genomic data for pigs have been uploaded to public databases. However, no researchers have to date integrated all currently available data to uncover the global genetic status of pigs. Meanwhile, little is known about the introgression from European to Chinese pigs and its underlying influences. Therefore, we integrated the effective genotype data of 3907 pigs from 193 populations worldwide using population genetic analysis, gene flow analysis and a sharing‐IBD study. These findings illustrate not only the population structure of 59 Chinese native breeds and others but also the amounts of gene flow and introgression that have occurred between Western and Chinese pigs. In addition, we demonstrate the presence of introgressed European haplotypes in Chinese indigenous breeds and identify relevant introgressed regions that contain genes associated with growth and feed efficiency. Moreover, we compare the introgression patterns of Western and Chinese pigs and further discuss possible explanations for why the level of introgression differs between Chinese pig breeds and Western modern breeds. Collectively, this study provides a fine global population structure analysis of pigs and presents evidence of European pigs being interbred with local breeds in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which seriously threatens human health. Zingerone (ZO) has been proven to be effective for many diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of ZO extracted from ginger on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced mouse ulcerative colitis (UC). RESULTS: The results showed that ZO alleviated the weight loss of UC model mice, reduced the disease activity index scores, and inhibited the shortening of colon length. ZO also improved DSS‐induced pathological changes in colon tissue and inhibited the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. Further mechanism analysis found that ZO inhibited DSS‐induced nuclear factor‐κB pathway activation, and regulated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. To further explore whether PPARγ was involved in the anti‐UC effect of ZO, PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 was used. Although ZO also showed a protective effect on GW9662‐treated colitis mice, the protective role was significantly weakened. Importantly, the administration of GW9662 significantly aggravated UC compared with the ZO + DSS group. In addition, we preliminarily found that ZO had the effects of inhibiting DSS‐induced oxidative stress, maintaining intestinal barrier, and inhibiting the content of LPS and the population of Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that supplementation with ZO might be a new dietary strategy for the treatment of UC. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral β‐hydroxysulfides are an important class of organic compounds which find broad application in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein we describe the development of novel biocatalytic and chemoenzymatic methods for the enantioselective synthesis of β‐hydroxysulfides by exploiting ketoreductase (KRED) enzymes. Four KREDs were discovered from a pool of 384 enzymes identified and isolated through a metagenomic approach. KRED311 and KRED349 catalysed the synthesis of β‐hydroxysulfides bearing a stereocentre at the C−O bond with opposite absolute configurations and excellent ee values by novel chemoenzymatic and biocatalytic‐chemical‐biocatalytic (bio‐chem‐bio) cascades starting from commercially available thiophenols/thiols and α‐haloketones/alcohols. KRED253 and KRED384 catalysed the enantioselective synthesis of β‐hydroxysulfides bearing a stereocentre at the C−S bond with opposite enantioselectivities by dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic α‐thioaldehydes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To translate, cross‐cultural adapt and psychometrically validate the Children's Environmental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (ChEHK‐Q) and the Children's Environmental Health Skills Questionnaire (ChEHS‐Q) for community nurses in China. Design: This was an observational, cross‐sectional study undertaken in two phases: (1) translation and cultural adaptation process; (2) psychometric evaluation. Sample: A total of 294 nurses from 23 community health service centers in cities of Henan province participated in the study. Methods: These two questionnaires were analysed psychometrically based on IRT. ChEHK‐Q was analyzed based on basic Rasch Model, and ChEHS‐Q based on Rating Scale Model (RSM). EFA, expert validity, threshold analysis, retest reliability, item and individual reliability were used to evaluate the psychometric attributes of these two questionnaires. Results: The Infit and Outfit values for most items are within reasonable limits. The person reliability of ChEHK‐Q was 0.85 and the item reliability was 0.97. The person reliability of ChEHS‐Q was 0.94 and the item reliability was 0.93. The test‐retest reliability of the ChEHK‐Q was 0.85 and the ChEHS‐Q was 0.87. Conclusions: ChEHK‐Q and ChEHS‐Q are reliable and valid instruments with satisfactory psychometric properties for nurses in China. Future studies should recruit a more representative sample to verify the applicability of these two questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have achieved an Ir(III)‐catalyzed temperature‐controlled divergent synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes and pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole derivatives through C−H alkenylation/DG migration and [3+2] annulation, respectively. This method has various advantageous features: a) excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity and good functional group tolerance, b) broad substrate scope and moderate to excellent yields, c) mild redox‐neutral reaction conditions and operational simplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in the innate immune response. During cell division, NLRP3 inflammasome activation must be strictly controlled. In this study, we discover that the anaphase‐promoting complex subunit 10 (APC10), a substrate recognition protein of the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), is a critical mediator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. During interphase, APC10 interacts with NLRP3 to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation, whereas during mitosis, APC10 disassociates from the NLRP3 inflammasome to repress inflammatory responses. This study reveals a distinct mechanism by which APC10 serves as a switch for NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the cell cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkynes generally serve as C2 synthons in transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H annulations, herein, exploiting electron‐deficient alkynes as unconventional C1 synthons, the chemo‐ and regiospecific synthesis of functionalized 1H‐imidazo[1,5‐a]indol‐3(2H)‐ones via a redox‐neutral rhodium(III)‐catalyzed [4+1] annulation of N‐carbamoyl indoles has been achieved. This process is characterized by high chemo‐ and regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, good tolerance of functional groups, moderate to high yields and mild redox‐neutral conditions, thus affording a robust approach to access valuable 1H‐imidazo[1,5‐a]indol‐3(2H)‐ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging visualises soft tissue contrast in exquisite detail without harmful ionising radiation. In this work, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the use of deep learning in MR image reconstruction from different image acquisition types involving compressed sensing techniques, parallel image acquisition and multi-contrast imaging. Publications with deep learning-based image reconstruction for MR imaging were identified from the literature (PubMed and Google Scholar), and a comprehensive description of each of the works was provided. A detailed comparison that highlights the differences, the data used and the performance of each of these works were also made. A discussion of the potential use cases for each of these methods is provided. The sparse image reconstruction methods were found to be most popular in using deep learning for improved performance, accelerating acquisitions by around 4-8 times. Multi-contrast image reconstruction methods rely on at least one pre-acquired image, but can achieve 16-fold, and even up to 32- to 50-fold acceleration depending on the set-up. Parallel imaging provides frameworks to be integrated in many of these methods for additional speed-up potential. The successful use of compressed sensing techniques and multi-contrast imaging with deep learning and parallel acquisition methods could yield significant MR acquisition speed-ups within clinical routines in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network neuroscience has broadly conceptualized the functions of the brain as complex communication within and between large‐scale neural networks. Nevertheless, whether and how the gut microbiota influence functional network connectivity that in turn impact human behaviors has yet to be determined. We collected fecal samples from 157 healthy young adults and used 16S sequencing to assess gut microbial diversity and enterotypes. Large‐scale inter‐ and intranetwork functional connectivity was measured using a combination of resting‐state functional MRI data and independent component analysis. Sleep quality and core executive functions were also evaluated. Then, we tested for potential associations between gut microbiota, functional network connectivity and behaviors. We found significant associations of gut microbial diversity with internetwork functional connectivity between the executive control, default mode and sensorimotor systems, and intranetwork connectivity of the executive control system. Moreover, some internetwork functional connectivity mediated the relations of microbial diversity with sleep quality, working memory, and attention. In addition, there was a significant effect of enterotypes on intranetwork connectivity of the executive control system, which could mediate the link between enterotypes and executive function. Our findings not only may expand existing biological knowledge of the gut microbiota‐brain‐behavior relationships from the perspective of large‐scale functional network organization, but also may ultimately inform a translational conceptualization of how to improve sleep quality and executive functions through the regulation of gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostheses and robots have been affecting all aspects of life. Making them conscious and intelligent like humans is appealing and exciting, while there is a huge contrast between progress and strong demand. An alternative strategy is to develop an artificial peripheral neural system with high‐performance bionic receptors. Here, a novel functional composite material that can serve as a key ingredient to simultaneously construct different artificial exteroceptive sensors (AE sensors) and artificial proprioceptive sensors (AP sensors) is demonstrated. Both AP sensors and AE sensors demonstrate outstandingly high stretchability; up to 200% stretching strain and possess the superior performance of fast response and high stability. An artificial peripheral neural system integrated with the highly stretchable AP sensor and AE sensor is constructed, which makes a significant breakthrough in the perception foundation of efficient proprioception and exteroception for intelligent prostheses and soft robots. Accurate feedback on the activities of body parts, music control, game manipulation, and wireless typing manifest the enormous superiority of the spatiotemporal resolution function of the artificial peripheral neural system, all of which powerfully contribute to promoting intelligent prostheses and soft robots into sophistication, and are expected to make lives more fascinating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impulsive reaction–diffusion system is a novel assemblage of tools for better understanding ecological dynamics. This paper is devoted to mathematical and biological analysis of an impulsive tritrophic periodic plankton–fish system with diffusion and Beddington–DeAngelis functional response in lakes. On the basis of comparison theory and method of upper and lower solution, we have rigorously analyzed ultimate boundedness and permanence of the reaction–diffusion system under impulsive effects. Significantly, the existence and globally asymptotic stability of a unique positive periodic solution are verified by Brouwer's fixed point theorem and auxiliary function method. Additionally, two particular scenarios are chosen to illustrate our results. It is found that impulsive effects can influence lake ecological dynamics and regulate lake biological structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal‐free selective and diverse synthesis of three distinct sets of isoindolinones from 2‐alkynylbenzoic acids and amines has been achieved in a reaction‐condition‐controlled manner. This method exhibits valuable advantageous features such as available starting materials, broad substrate scope, excellent selectivity, good to high yields, good functional group tolerance, simple operation, high bond‐forming efficiency, and step economy, thus providing a convenient and efficient access to a variety of heterocyclic compounds incorporating the bioactive isoindolinone motif. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass‐based carbon materials have attracted much attention in the field of microwave absorption because of their light weight, environmental friendliness, low cost and high efficiency. In this work, carbon matrix of porous microtubule structure with different magnetic particles was synthesized from natural luffa sponge by a simple calcination process. The carbon matrix possesses hierarchical porous structures including micrometer‐scale tubular channels, nanometer‐scale macrospores, mesopores and micropores, of which microspores are the most. The Fe3O4, FeO/α‐Fe, α‐Fe/γ‐Fe and α‐Fe/Fe3C particles were formed in the temperature range of 700–1000 °C. The porous carbon/α‐Fe@Fe3C composites obtained at 1000 °C exhibit excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance, its minimum reflection loss can reach −48.9 dB with only a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL≤−10 dB) is 3.86 GHz. The porous structure, synergies between dielectric loss and magnetic loss, high attenuation constant are the key factors for good MA performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Because of the product item of the control input and the state vector, the identification of bilinear systems is difficult. This paper considers the combined parameter and state estimation problems of bilinear state‐space systems. On the basis of the observability canonical form and the model transformation, an identification model with a linear combination of the system parameters is obtained. Using the hierarchical principle, the identification model is decomposed into three submodels with fewer variables, and a three‐stage least squares‐based iterative (3S‐LSI) algorithm is presented to estimate the system parameters. Furthermore, we derive a state estimator (SE) for estimating the unknown states, and present an SE‐3S‐LSI algorithm for estimating the unknown parameters and states simultaneously. After that, the least squares‐based iterative algorithm is presented as a comparison. By analyzing the estimation results and the calculation amount, these two algorithms can identify the bilinear system effectively but the 3S‐LSI algorithm can improve the computational efficiency. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are known to be major facilitators of the movement of a number of substrates across cell membranes. From a drought‐resistant cultivar of Oryza sativa (rice), we isolated an OsPIP1;3 gene single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that is mostly expressed in rice roots and is strongly responsive to drought stress. Immunocytochemistry showed that OsPIP1;3 majorly accumulated on the proximal end of the endodermis and the cell surface around the xylem. Expression of GFP‐OsPIP1;3 alone in Xenopus oocytes or rice protoplasts showed OsPIP1;3 mislocalization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐like neighborhood, whereas co‐expression of OsPIP2;2 recruited OsPIP1;3 to the plasma membrane and led to a significant enhancement of water permeability in oocytes. Moreover, reconstitution of 10×His‐OsPIP1;3 in liposomes demonstrated water channel activity, as revealed by stopped‐flow light scattering. Intriguingly, by patch‐clamp technique, we detected significant NO3− conductance of OsPIP1;3 in mammalian cells. To investigate the physiological functions of OsPIP1;3, we ectopically expressed the OsPIP1;3 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco). The transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher photosynthesis rates, root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and water‐use efficiency, resulting in a greater biomass and a higher resistance to water deficit than the wild‐type did. Further experiments suggested that heterologous expression of OsPIP1;3 in cyanobacterium altered bacterial growth under different conditions of CO2 gas supply. Overall, besides shedding light on the multiple functions played by OsPIP1;3, this work provides insights into the translational value of plant AQPs. Significance Statement: We detected water, CO2 and nitrate transport abilities of rice OsPIP1;3 using different technical approaches. Ectopic expression of the OsPIP1;3 gene in tobacco substantially enhanced plant growth and resistance to water deficit by increasing the photosynthesis rate and root hydraulic conductivity in transgenic plants. This study provides important clues for uncovering the multiple functions played by plant PIP proteins and the related translational value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the function and regulation of SnRK1 have been studied in various plants, its molecular mechanisms in response to abiotic stresses are still elusive. In this work, we identified an AP2/ERF domain‐containing protein (designated GsERF7) interacting with GsSnRK1 from a wild soybean cDNA library. GsERF7 gene expressed dominantly in wild soybean roots and was responsive to ethylene, salt, and alkaline. GsERF7 bound GCC cis‐acting element and could be phosphorylated on S36 by GsSnRK1. GsERF7 phosphorylation facilitated its translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus and enhanced its transactivation activity. When coexpressed in the hairy roots of soybean seedlings, GsSnRK1(wt) and GsERF7(wt) promoted plants to generate higher tolerance to salt and alkaline stresses than their mutated species, suggesting that GsSnRK1 may function as a biochemical and genetic upstream kinase of GsERF7 to regulate plant adaptation to environmental stresses. Furthermore, the altered expression patterns of representative abiotic stress‐responsive and hormone‐synthetic genes were determined in transgenic soybean hairy roots after stress treatments. These results will aid our understanding of molecular mechanism of how SnRK1 kinase plays a cardinal role in regulating plant stress resistances through activating the biological functions of downstream factors. In this work, we reported wild soybean GsSnRK1 bound and phosphorylated GsERF7, which is required for GsERF7 to translocate and transactivate in nucleus. Co‐transformation of these two genes could significantly enhance soybean salt/alkali resistance, suggesting these two proteins interplay to regulate soybean abiotic tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The combined iterative parameter and state estimation problem is considered for bilinear state‐space systems with moving average noise in this paper. There are the product terms of state variables and control variables in bilinear systems, which makes it difficult for the parameter and state estimation. By designing a bilinear state estimator based on the Kalman filtering, the states are estimated using the input‐output data. Furthermore, a moving data window (MDW) is introduced, which can update the dynamical data by removing the oldest data and adding the newest measurement data. A state estimator‐based MDW gradient‐based iterative (MDW‐GI) algorithm is proposed to estimate the unknown states and parameters jointly. Moreover, given the extended gradient‐based iterative (EGI) algorithm as a comparison, the MDW‐GI algorithm can reduce the impact of noise to parameter estimation and improve the parameter estimation accuracy. The numerical simulation examples validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene as a suitable electrode has been extensively used for electrochemical double‐layer capacitors based on its excellent properties, including high electrical conductivity and large specific surface area. However, one of the drawbacks is the unavoidable stacking tendency between the graphene nanosheets, resulting in limited electrochemically specific surface area. Herein, novel graphene nanosheets supported by hollow nitrogen‐doped carbon frameworks derived from ZIF‐8 (GPNC) were fabricated through a simple polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐assisted pyrolysis strategy, to boost capacitance performance. Benefiting from the unique scaffold/support role of hollow nitrogen‐doped carbon frameworks within the graphene interlayer, the GPNC with a large specific surface area, along with ample micropore/mesopore channels and high nitrogen content, is capable of facilitating electron and electrolyte ion migration kinetics and enhancing intrinsic electrochemical activity. Thus, the GPNC exhibits the highest charge storage of 218 F g−1 and superior rate capability of 74 % when the current density increased from 0.5 to 20 Ag−1 in comparison to pristine graphene and common ZIF‐derived carbon/graphene electrodes. The assembled GPNC//GPNC two‐electrode system further delivers a maximum power of 9080 Wkg−1 with outstanding electrochemical retention of 84 % over 10 000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]