2,352 results
Search Results
2. [Preliminary studies on the immune response to tetanus antitoxin: use of dried blood on filter paper].
- Author
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Tarzaali A, Viens P, and Chebib P
- Subjects
- Humans, Methods, Paper, Antibody Formation, Blood Specimen Collection, Erythrocytes immunology, Tetanus Antitoxin immunology
- Abstract
The tetanus antitoxin titers of blood obtained by venepuncture and those of finger-blood absorbed on filter paper are compared when the titration techniques use fresh or formalinized erythrocytes sensitized by the bis-diazotized benzidine (BDB) method. The results show that the antitoxin titers are closely similar with the two methods of sampling and storage.
- Published
- 1978
3. Comparison of Whole Blood Dried on Filter Paper and Serum for Measurement of the Temporal Antibody Response to Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Author
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Lana, D. P., Marquardt, W. W., and Snyder, D. B.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Discussion paper: immunosuppression induced in vivo and in vitro by different classes of plasmacytomas.
- Author
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Specter S and Friedman H
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Erythrocytes immunology, Immunoglobulin A biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin Allotypes, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis, Immunoglobulin M biosynthesis, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Neoplasms, Experimental immunology, Antibody Formation, Immunosuppression Therapy, Plasmacytoma immunology, Spleen immunology
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Discussion paper: impairment of B-lymphocyte functions in concanavalin A-treated friend virus infected mice.
- Author
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Kateley JR and Friedman H
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Viral analysis, Erythrocytes immunology, Friend murine leukemia virus drug effects, Friend murine leukemia virus immunology, Immunosuppression Therapy, Lipopolysaccharides immunology, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Polysaccharides, Bacterial immunology, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell analysis, Spleen microbiology, Splenomegaly prevention & control, Tumor Virus Infections mortality, Antibody Formation drug effects, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Concanavalin A pharmacology, Tumor Virus Infections immunology
- Abstract
Friend leukemia virus (FLV) leukemogenesis was prevented by treatment of the virus with Concanavalin A (Con A). Mice infected with the lectin-treated virus, however, showed evidence of a dormant infection since infectious virus could be recovered for as long as 100 days. Humoral immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a thymus-independent antigen, were depressed (approximately 80-90%) in mice given the Con A-treated FLV. Cell transfer studies indicated that the impaired responsiveness to SRBC was related to a defect in B-lymphocyte function, similar to the impairment in mice infected with untreated FLV. The mitogenic response of splenocytes from Con A-FLV mice to E. coli LPS was also depressed as was the ability of Ig-bearing spleen cells to redistribute these immunoglobulin receptors into polar caps. The impaired immune responsiveness in the Con A-FLV infected mice appeared associated with the persistent virus infection and not to neoplastic transformation generally associated with leukemogenic process.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Discussion paper: humoral immune responses to tumor-associated antigens.
- Author
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Wheelock EF
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Neoplasm, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Friend murine leukemia virus, Humans, Immunosuppression Therapy, Leukemia, Experimental immunology, Leukemia, Experimental microbiology, RNA immunology, RNA therapeutic use, Antibody Formation, Antigens, Neoplasm, Neoplasms immunology
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Original-structure-based hapten design strategy and development of a derivatization-free gold-based paper lateral-flow immunoassays for detecting furaltadone metabolite in shrimp.
- Author
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He, Fan, Zeng, Daoping, Yang, Jinyi, Tian, Yuanxin, and Shen, Yudong
- Subjects
- *
MONOCLONAL antibodies , *VETERINARY drug residues , *IMMUNOASSAY , *CARRIER proteins , *ANTIBODY formation , *SHRIMPS , *SMALL molecules - Abstract
Veterinary drug residues in food-producing animals pose a threat to human health and public safety, and accurate measurement of these drug residues is necessary. However, detecting nitrofuran metabolite residues is challenging because of their low molecular weight and the long derivatisation time required for their indirect detection. Current antibodies produced against these metabolites have limited accuracy and sensitivity owing to the traditional and ineffective hapten design based on the reaction of 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidone (AMOZ) with nitrobenzaldehyde. In this study, a new antigen strategy was adopted using an original-structure-based hapten design combined with a new carrier protein with immunosynergistic effects to produce a monoclonal antibody that could recognise the metabolite of furaltadone (AMOZ) directly without derivatisation with excellent analytical performance. Finally, a gold-based paper lateral flow immunoassay for AMOZ without derivatisation was established with a visual limit of detection of 5 ng/mL, IC 50 of 0.97 ng/mL and linear range (IC 20 ∼IC 80) of 0.45–2.07 ng/mL. The method was sensitive and accurate, and detection was completed within 10 min. This new antigen design strategy provides a theoretical basis and reference for antibody production of other ultrasmall molecules. [Display omitted] • An antigen strategy of AMOZ was proposed by hapten design and new carrier proteins. • The excellent antibody directly recognizes AMOZ without derivatization. • Effect of EP distribution and spatial structure to antibody production was studied. • This method could be used as a rapid screening method for AMOZ analysis on site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Hapten synthesis and antibody production for the development of a paper immunosensor for lean meat powder zilpaterol.
- Author
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Xu, Xiaoxin, Sun, Li, Wang, Zhongxing, Guo, Lingling, Xu, Xinxin, Wu, Aihong, Kuang, Hua, Song, Shanshan, and Xu, Chuanlai
- Subjects
- *
ANTIBODY formation , *COLLOIDAL gold , *DETECTION limit , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *POWDERS - Abstract
In this study, we describe the design and successful synthesis of a new hapten, which we used to prepare an anti-zilpaterol mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) with an IC50 of 0.31 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 ng mL−1. A colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was further developed and optimized using the antibody, and cross-reactivity experiments were carried out to prove its good specificity. Semi-quantitative and quantitative detections of zilpaterol were evaluated in swine urine and pork samples using the test strips. For semi-quantitative detection in swine urine and pork samples, the visual limit of detection values were 0.5 μg kg−1 and 0.5 μg kg−1, and the cut-off values were 5 μg kg−1 and 5 μg kg−1, respectively. For quantitative detection, the calculated limit of detection values were 0.08 μg kg−1 and 0.12 μg kg−1, and the remaining values were 10 μg kg−1 and 10 μg kg−1. The developed gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay is highly suitable for on-site detection and rapid preliminary screening of zilpaterol in swine urine and pork samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Comment on the paper Negative anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody response following Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a patient on ocrelizumab: the likely explanation for this phenomenon based on our observations
- Author
-
Monika Adamczyk-Sowa and Hubert Mado
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Vaccination ,COVID-19 ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Letter to the Editors ,Virology ,Neurology ,S Antibody ,Antibody Formation ,Humans ,Medicine ,Ocrelizumab ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Antibody formation ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2021
10. IgG antibody response to pneumococcal-conjugated vaccine (Prevenar®13) in children with immunodeficiency disorders.
- Author
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Garrido-Jareño M, Sahuquillo-Arce JM, Rodríguez-Vega H, Lloret-Sos C, Gil-Brusola A, López-Hontangas JL, Nuñez-Beltran M, Tortosa-Carreres J, García-García JÁ, Cordón L, Puchades-Carrasco L, de Santivañes CC, Pineda-Lucena A, and Pemán-García J
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Antibodies, Bacterial, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Immunoglobulin G, Retrospective Studies, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infant, Antibody Formation, Pneumococcal Vaccines
- Abstract
Measurement of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (anti-PnPs) IgG titers is an important tool in the immunologic assessment of patients with suspected immunodeficiency disorders (ID) to reduce the morbi-mortality and minimize severe infections. Retrospectively, we studied the relationship among anti-PnPs IgG response to 3 doses of Prevenar®13, levels of immune system components, leukocyte populations, and clinical data in children with ID. Serum samples were collected at least 4 weeks post vaccination. Subsequently, multi-serotype enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Eighty-seven children (under 12 years) were enrolled. Primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) was the most common disorder (45) followed by possible immunodeficiency disorder (POID) (19), secondary immunodeficiency disorder (SID) (15), and mixed immunodeficiency disorder (MID) (8). The median age was 3 (1.50-5.33) years, 65% of patients were male. Deficient production of anti-PnPs IgG (titer ≤ 50 mg/L) was detected in 47 patients (54%), especially in the MID group, all of them under immunosuppressive therapy. In PCV13 responders, the mean of leukocyte population levels was higher with statistically significance differences in CD4 + /CD8 + T lymphocytes (p = 0.372, p = 0.014) and CD56 + /CD16 + NK (p = 0.016). Patients with previous bone marrow transplantation were the worst PCV13 responders. Pneumococcal IgG antibody titers (post-vaccination) along with clinical and analytical markers represented., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Paper and Pulp Mill Effluent-Induced Immunotoxicity in Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch)
- Author
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Sheikh Raisuddin, R. Siddiqui, Iqbal Ahmad, and M. Fatima
- Subjects
Paper ,Pulp mill ,Time Factors ,Lymphoid Tissue ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Industrial Waste ,Fresh Water ,Spleen ,Viral Plaque Assay ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Animal science ,Water Pollution, Chemical ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Ecotoxicology ,Effluent ,biology ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Temperature ,Environmental factor ,Paper mill ,Organ Size ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Perciformes ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antibody Formation ,Toxicity ,Freshwater fish ,Seasons ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
The influence of temperature variation on the humoral immune response using the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) was investigated. The fish was exposed to 1% concentration (v/v in water) of paper and pulp mill effluent under standard laboratory conditions in glass aquaria. Effect of effluent exposure on the organ weight and organ cellularity was also evaluated. In general, lower temperature in winter produced a subdued response in control as well as experimental group. At higher temperature of summer and rainy seasons, an elevated response was observed. It was revealed that though suppressive effect of effluent was evident during all the seasons, in summer, extent of suppression was greater as compared to winter. Paper and pulp mill effluent exposure resulted in a decrease in the splenic and pronephric (head kidney) cellularity, with more pronounced effect in the summer season. We also studied the effects of the length of exposure on various parameters. Fish were exposed for 15, 30, 60, and 90 days to effluent. Short-term exposure for 15 days induced an elevated PFC response, but change was not statistically significant. Conversely, the exposure for 30, 60, and 90 days significantly reduced (p < 0.05-0.001) the PFC response. Long-term exposure also caused significant reduction (p < 0.05-0.01) in the weights of lymphoid organs (spleen, head kidney, and total kidney). These results show a suppressive effect of chemical constituents of paper and pulp mill effluent on the immune functions. Furthermore, results demonstrated that though modulatory effect of the temperature on immune functions is recognized, it was not a major contributory factor to the elevated immunotoxicity of paper and pulp mill effluent in the seasons of high temperature.
- Published
- 2001
12. The Effects of Different Antigen–Antibody Pairs on the Results of 20 Min ELISA and 8 Min Chromatographic Paper Test for Quantitative Detection of Acetamiprid in Vegetables.
- Author
-
Wu, Yuxiang, Guo, Yemin, Yang, Qingqing, Li, Falan, and Sun, Xia
- Subjects
BOOSTER vaccines ,ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay ,QUANTUM dots ,CELL fusion ,ANTIBODY formation ,VEGETABLES - Abstract
To establish rapid, high-sensitive, quantitative detection of ACP residues in vegetables. A 1G2 cell clone was selected as the most sensitive for anti-ACP antibody production following secondary immunization, cell fusion, and screening. The affinity of the 1G2 antibody to each of the four coating agents (imidacloprid–bovine serum albumin [BSA], thiacloprid–BSA, imidaclothiz–BSA, and ACP-BSA) was determined using a 20 min enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50 ) was 0.51–0.62 ng/mL, showing no significant difference in affinity to different antigens. However, we obtained IC50 values of 0.58 and 1.40 ng/mL on the linear regression lines for 1G2 anti-ACP antibody/imidacloprid–BSA and 1G2 anti-ACP antibody/thiacloprid–BSA, respectively, via quantum dot (QD)-based immunochromatography. That is, the 1G2 antibody/imidacloprid–BSA pair (the best combination) was about three times more sensitive than the 1G2 antibody/thiacloprid–BSA pair in immunochromatographic detection. The best combination was used for the development of an 8 min chromatographic paper test. With simple and convenient sample pretreatment, we achieved an average recovery of 75–117%. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was <25% for all concentrations tested, the false–positive rate was <5%, the false–negative rate was 0%, and the linear range of the method was 50–1800 μg/kg. These performance metrics met the ACP detection standards in China, the European Union (EU), and the United States (US). In summary, in this study, we established an 8 min QD-based immunochromatographic stripe for the rapid and accurate quantitative determination of ACP residues in vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Concept of 'Homeopathic Vaccines' Is Not Rational and Lacks Evidence: A Commentary on the Paper by Loeb et al, 2018
- Author
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Munmun Koley, Souvik Dutta, Subhasish Ganguly, and Subhranil Saha
- Subjects
Vaccines ,Letter to the editor ,Psychoanalysis ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Universities ,Philosophy ,Antibody Formation ,MEDLINE ,Humans ,Homeopathy ,Students ,Antibody formation - Published
- 2019
14. [Free amino acids of the blood serum, erythrocytes and urine in rheumatism and their correlation with certain indicators of autosensitization].
- Author
-
Karpov RS and Polovnikova VA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Amino Acids blood, Amino Acids urine, Autoimmune Diseases, Electrophoresis, Paper, Erythrocytes metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rheumatic Fever blood, Rheumatic Fever immunology, Rheumatic Fever metabolism, Rheumatic Fever urine, Rheumatic Heart Disease immunology, Amino Acids metabolism, Antibody Formation, Autoantibodies, Rheumatic Heart Disease metabolism
- Published
- 1974
15. Antibody responses in patients with farmer's lung disease to antigens from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris.
- Author
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Hollingdale MR
- Subjects
- Antigens, Bacterial analysis, Bacterial Proteins analysis, Chromatography, Paper, Humans, Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis, Infant, Newborn, Latex Fixation Tests, Male, Polysaccharides analysis, Actinomycetales immunology, Antibody Formation, Farmer's Lung immunology
- Abstract
A serological analysis of mycelial antigens of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris in immunodiffusion with human sera revealed five individual antigens. Three antigens were proteins, sensitive to pronase and soluble in phenol. Two were cationic polysaccharides, sensitive to sodium periodate, and containing glucosamine and muramic acid. Latex coated with mycelial antigens was compared with precipitin tests in detecting antibodies to T. vulgaris; the number of positive results detected by each test differed slightly, and a combination of the two tests detected the highest number. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was shown to be a very sensitive method for detecting precipitins, but not for their measurement. A prospective evaluation of immunodiffusion, latex agglutination and CIE as potential serodiagnostic techniques for farmer's lung disease is suggested.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Comment on the paper Negative anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody response following Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a patient on ocrelizumab: the likely explanation for this phenomenon based on our observations.
- Author
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Mado, Hubert and Adamczyk-Sowa, Monika
- Subjects
- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *ANTIBODY formation , *COVID-19 , *VACCINATION , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Furthermore, it has been reported that MS patients using anti-CD20 therapy have suppressed antibody response to infection with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and to some vaccines (not against COVID-19) [[1], [3]-[5]]. Dear Sirs, We read with great interest the paper by Khayat Khoei et al. which presented negative anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) antibody response after Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) on ocrelizumab [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Prevention of Rh-Haemolytic Disease: A Third Report
- Author
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Woodrow, J. C., Clarke, C. A., Donohoe, W. T. A., Finn, R., McConnell, R. B., Sheppard, P. M., Lehane, D., Russell, Shona H., Kulke, W., Durkin, Catherine M., and Clarke, Cyril A.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Subchronic effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on the immunoglobulin synthesis of roach, Rutilus rutilus
- Author
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E.I. Jokinen, T.M. Aaltonen, and E. T. Valtonen
- Subjects
Paper ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Immunoglobulins ,Industrial Waste ,Spleen ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,engineering.material ,Animal science ,Antibody Specificity ,medicine ,Animals ,Antigens ,Effluent ,biology ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Antibody titer ,Fishes ,Paper mill ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Specific antibody ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Antibody Formation ,engineering ,biology.protein ,Immunization ,gamma-Globulins ,Antibody ,Rutilus ,Chlorine ,business ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Roach ( Rutilus rutilus ), from a unpolluted lake, were caged in a lake receiving treated waste waters from a pulp and paper mill 16 km upstream, and simultaneously a group of fish were held in cages in the unpolluted reference lake. The level of serum immunoglobulin of the fish kept in cages in these lakes was quantified. Serum immunoglobulin levels decreased when the fish were transferred to the contaminated lake and remained significantly reduced for the 8-week period fish were monitored. In another experiment fish were immunized with bovine γ-globulin (BGG) after 5 weeks caging in the lakes. The kinetics of specific antibody synthesis were determined by assaying the number of antibody secreting cells in the spleen using enzyme-linked immunospot assay and by measuring the concentration of specific antibody in the serum. The peak response of the effluent exposed fish against EGG was lower than that for fish kept in the unpolluted reference lake, and the antibody titers, due to immunization, increased more slowly in the exposed fish. These results demonstrate that subchronic exposure of fish in a lake receiving treated waste waters from a bleached kraft mill affects the antibody-mediated immunity resulting in, besides lower levels of Ig, weak responsiveness against antigen.
- Published
- 1995
19. Study Results from South China Agricultural University Broaden Understanding of Life Science (Original-structure-based Hapten Design Strategy and Development of a Derivatization-free Gold-based Paper Lateral-flow Immunoassays for Detecting...).
- Subjects
LIFE sciences ,AGRICULTURE ,IMMUNOASSAY ,ANTIBODY formation ,FOOD animals - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at South China Agricultural University in Guangzhou, China, has developed a new method for detecting nitrofuran metabolite residues in food-producing animals. These residues pose a threat to human health and public safety, and accurate measurement is necessary. The researchers used an original structure-based hapten design strategy to produce a monoclonal antibody that could directly recognize the metabolite of furaltadone without the need for derivatization. They also established a gold-based paper lateral flow immunoassay for detection, which was sensitive, accurate, and completed within 10 minutes. This research provides a theoretical basis for antibody production of other ultrasmall molecules. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. Further Experimental Studies on the Prevention of Rh Haemolytic Disease
- Author
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Clarke, C. A., Donohoe, W. T. A., McConnell, R. B., Woodrow, J. C., Finn, R., Krevans, J. R., Kulke, W., Lehane, D., Sheppard, P. M., and Clarke, Cyril A.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Prevention of Rh Hemolytic Disease
- Author
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Clarke, Cyril A. and Clarke, Cyril A.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Ultrasensitive paper sensor for simultaneous detection of alpha-amanitin and beta-amanitin by the production of monoclonal antibodies.
- Author
-
Zhou, Shengyang, Guo, Lingling, Xu, Xinxin, Song, Shanshan, Liu, Liqiang, Kuang, Hua, Zhu, Yingyue, Xu, Liguang, and Xu, Chuanlai
- Subjects
- *
GOLD nanoparticles , *LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry , *MONOCLONAL antibodies , *ANTIBODY formation - Abstract
• An immunosensor was developed for the determination of amanitins. • Half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 0.48 ng/mL and the LOD was 0.095 ng/mL. • Good correlations of the results verified by immunosensor and LC–MS/MS. Amanitin (AMA) is responsible for human fatalities after ingestion of poisonous mushrooms, thus, a rapid and accurate detection method is urgently needed. Here, gold nanoparticle-based immunosensor with monoclonal antibody against AMA was constructed for rapid detection of alpha- and beta-amanitin (α- and β-AMA) in mushroom, serum and urine samples. Under optimized conditions, the visual limits of detection (vLOD) and calculated LOD for α-AMA and β-AMA in mushroom were 10 ng/g, 20 ng/g, and 0.1 ng/g, 0.2 ng/g, respectively. Analysis of wild mushroom samples was also performed using a strip scan reader in the 10 min range. Furthermore, in mushrooms containing amatoxins results were confirmed and compared with those determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Thus, this immunosensor provided a useful monitoring tool for rapid detection and screening of mushroom samples and in serum and urine from subjects who accidentally consumed AMA-containing mushrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Feeding tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates improves lactate consumption and antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures.
- Author
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Zhang X, Jiang R, Lin H, and Xu S
- Subjects
- Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Ammonium Compounds pharmacology, Animals, Bioreactors, CHO Cells, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Culture Media chemistry, Culture Media metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Glucose pharmacology, Ketoglutaric Acids metabolism, Ketoglutaric Acids pharmacology, Lactic Acid metabolism, Pyruvic Acid metabolism, Pyruvic Acid pharmacology, Antibody Formation, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Citric Acid Cycle genetics, Culture Media pharmacology
- Abstract
Media components play an important role in modulating cell metabolism and improving product titer in mammalian cell cultures. To sustain cell productivity, highly active oxidative metabolism is desired. Here we explored the effect of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates supplementation on lactate metabolism and productivity in Chinese hamster ovary fed-batch cultures. Direct addition of 5 mM alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), malic acid, or succinic acid in the basal medium did not have any significant impact on culture performance. On the other hand, feeding α-KG, malic acid, and succinic acid in the stationary phase, either as a single solution or as a mixture, significantly improved lactate consumption, reduced ammonium accumulation, and led to higher cell specific productivity and antibody titer (~35% increase for the best condition). Delivering those intermediates as an acidic solution for pH control eliminated CO
2 sparging and accumulation. Feeding TCA cycle intermediates was also demonstrated to be superior to feeding lactic acid or pyruvic acid in titer improvement. Taken together, feeding TCA cycle intermediates was effective in improving lactate consumption and increasing product titer, which is likely due to enhanced oxidative metabolism in an extended duration., (© 2020 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Quantifying neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in dried blood spots (DBS) and paired sera.
- Author
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Roper, Kelly J., Thomas, Jordan, Albalawi, Wejdan, Maddocks, Emily, Dobson, Susan, Alshehri, Abdullateef, Barone, Francesco G., Baltazar, Murielle, Semple, Malcolm G., Ho, Antonia, Turtle, Lance, Donegan, Cara, Spencer, Rebecca G., Moore, Shona C., Hardwick, Hayley, Solomon, Tom, Turtle, Lance C. W., da Silva Filipe, Ana, Ho, Antonia Ying Wai, and McDonald, Sarah E.
- Subjects
ANTIBODY formation ,SARS-CoV-2 ,DRIED blood spot testing ,RESOURCE-limited settings ,COVID-19 pandemic ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was initially managed by non-pharmaceutical interventions such as diagnostic testing, isolation of positive cases, physical distancing and lockdowns. The advent of vaccines has provided crucial protection against SARS-CoV-2. Neutralising antibody (nAb) responses are a key correlate of protection, and therefore measuring nAb responses is essential for monitoring vaccine efficacy. Fingerstick dried blood spots (DBS) are ideal for use in large-scale sero-surveillance because they are inexpensive, offer the option of self-collection and can be transported and stored at ambient temperatures. Such advantages also make DBS appealing to use in resource-limited settings and in potential future pandemics. In this study, nAb responses in sera, venous blood and fingerstick blood stored on filter paper were measured. Samples were collected from SARS-CoV-2 acutely infected individuals, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated individuals. Good agreement was observed between the nAb responses measured in eluted DBS and paired sera. Stability of nAb responses was also observed in sera stored on filter paper at room temperature for 28 days. Overall, this study provides support for the use of filter paper as a viable sample collection method to study nAb responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Measles vaccines: WHO position paper
- Subjects
Adult ,Immunity, Cellular ,Vitamin A Deficiency ,Contraindications ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Measles Vaccine ,Infant ,HIV Infections ,World Health Organization ,Antibody Formation ,Humans ,Child ,Immunization Schedule ,Measles - Published
- 2009
26. Background paper. On the role of the immune response in the course of coronavirus JHM-induced encephalomyelitides in mice and rats
- Author
-
R, Dörries
- Subjects
Immunosuppression Therapy ,Mice ,Murine hepatitis virus ,Hepatitis, Viral, Animal ,Antibody Formation ,Animals ,Antibodies, Viral ,Encephalomyelitis ,Rats ,T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - Published
- 1990
27. [Preliminary studies on the immune response to tetanus antitoxin: use of dried blood on filter paper]
- Author
-
A, Tarzaali, P, Viens, and P, Chebib
- Subjects
Paper ,Blood Specimen Collection ,Erythrocytes ,Antibody Formation ,Methods ,Humans ,Tetanus Antitoxin - Abstract
The tetanus antitoxin titers of blood obtained by venepuncture and those of finger-blood absorbed on filter paper are compared when the titration techniques use fresh or formalinized erythrocytes sensitized by the bis-diazotized benzidine (BDB) method. The results show that the antitoxin titers are closely similar with the two methods of sampling and storage.
- Published
- 1978
28. Serological SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response, potential predictive markers and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine in haematological and oncological patients
- Author
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Ulf Petrausch, Michele Atzl, Hanno Ulmer, Thomas Winder, Andreas Volgger, Magdalena Benda, Peter Fraunberger, Theresia Lang, Minh Huynh, Bernd L. Hartmann, Claudia Grabher, Beatrix Mutschlechner, Klaus Gasser, Luciano Severgnini, and Patrick Reimann
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Lymphoma ,Lymphocyte ,Antibodies, Viral ,Gastroenterology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Serology ,immune cells ,Immune system ,COVID‐19 ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,BNT162 Vaccine ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Immunoassay ,BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Research Papers ,Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ,Killer Cells, Natural ,Vaccination ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Hematologic Neoplasms ,Predictive value of tests ,Antibody Formation ,serological response ,biology.protein ,Female ,Safety ,Antibody ,business ,chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ,Research Paper - Abstract
Summary Haemato‐oncological patients are at risk in case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Currently, vaccination is the best‐evaluated preventive strategy. In the present study, we aimed to assess serological response, predictive markers, and safety of BNT162b2 in haemato‐oncological patients. A total of 259 haemato‐oncological patients were vaccinated with two 30 µg doses of BNT162b2 administered 21 days apart. Serological response was assessed by ELECSYS® Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2‐S immunoassay before vaccination, and at 3 and 7 weeks after the first dose (T1, T2). Safety assessment was performed. At T2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S/RBD) antibodies were detected in 71·4% of haematological and in 94·5% of oncological patients (P
- Published
- 2021
29. Changes in depressive symptoms and antibody production following influenza vaccination in adolescents and adults.
- Author
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Ehrlich KB, Lyle SM, Corallo KL, Lavner JA, and Ross TM
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Adult, Male, Female, Young Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Seasons, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, Depression immunology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human immunology, Antibodies, Viral blood, Vaccination psychology, Antibody Formation immunology
- Abstract
Objective: Psychological distress has been associated with dampened antibody production following vaccination. Questions remain, however, about whether psychological distress influences vaccine response uniformly across the lifespan, and whether changes in distress result in changes in antibody production across the same period., Methods: Participants (N = 148; M
age = 32.2 years, SD = 19.7, range = 12-80 years) took part in consecutive vaccine studies during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 influenza seasons. Each influenza season, they reported on their depressive symptoms, provided blood samples, and received the standard influenza vaccine. Participants then provided a second blood sample one month later. Antibody titers were examined pre- and post-vaccination., Results: Analyses examined both within-season and across-season effects of depressive symptoms, age, and their interaction on vaccine response. Within-season analyses revealed that age predicted antibody response during both seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Neither depressive symptoms nor the interaction with age were associated with antibody response to vaccination within either season. Across the two seasons, age significantly moderated the association between change in depressive symptoms and change in antibody production. For people who were 48 or older, increases in depressive symptoms across the two seasons were associated with a less robust response to the vaccine in the second season relative to the first season. For people younger than 48, changes in depressive symptoms were not significantly related to changes in antibody production., Conclusions: These findings highlight the important role of mental health for older adults' vaccine response, which could have clinical relevance for protection against disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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30. Novel nucleotide-packaging vaccine delivers antigen and poly(I:C) to dendritic cells and generate a potent antibody response in vivo.
- Author
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Bruun N, Laursen MF, Carmelo R, Christensen E, Jensen TS, Christiansen G, Birkelund S, Agger R, and Kofod-Olsen E
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Nucleotides metabolism, Dendritic Cells, Antigens, Poly I-C, Adjuvants, Immunologic, DNA, Antibody Formation, Vaccines
- Abstract
An issue with many current vaccines is the dependency on broadly inflammatory adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide or aluminum salts that affect many immune- and non-immune cells. These adjuvants are not necessarily activating all antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that take up the antigen and most likely they also activate APCs with no antigen uptake, as well as many non-immune cells. Conjugation of antigen and adjuvant would enable the use of smaller amounts of adjuvant and avoid unnecessary tissue damage and activation of bystander cells. It would ensure that all APCs that take up the antigen would also become activated and avoid that immature and non-activated APCs present the antigen to T cells without a co-stimulatory signal, leading to tolerogenesis. We have developed a novel vaccine that co-deliver antigen and a nucleotide adjuvant to the same APC and lead to a strong activation response in dendritic cells and macrophages. The vaccine is constructed as a fusion-protein with an antigen fused to the DNA/RNA-binding domain from the Hc2 protein from Chlamydia trachomatis. We have found that the fusion protein is able to package polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or dsDNA into small particles. These particles were taken up by macrophages and dendritic cells and led to strong activation and maturation of these cells. Immunization of mice with the fusion protein packaged poly(I:C) led to a stronger antibody response compared to immunization with a combination of poly(I:C) and antigen without the Hc2 DNA/RNA-binding domain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
31. The challenges and breakthroughs in the development of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies.
- Author
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Wang, Jing, Song, Qitao, Yang, Tao, Li, Yuanli, Zhang, Lihua, Li, Jiayan, Liu, Feifei, Lin, Yanyin, Xu, Xiaoxia, Heng, Yu, Xu, Lulai, Zhang, Shun, Zhou, Jiahui, Liu, Yunbo, Kong, Lingyuan, Tang, Dingbin, Ji, Chengdong, Tan, Bing, Liao, Pu, and Pan, Nengke
- Subjects
MONOCLONAL antibodies ,B cells ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,SYNTHETIC antibodies ,ANTIBODY formation ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,DISPLAY systems ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Over the past century, the field of antibody discovery has undergone significant evolution, excluding the current exploration stage of artificial intelligence‐based antibody generation and the often overlooked non‐animal sourced antibody discovery, which typically requires mature in vitro affinity and the selection of high‐quality antigen formulations. This journey has traversed various stages, from methods involving serum‐based antibody acquisition, the isolation of B cells capable of perpetual antibody production through hybridoma technology, to the in‐depth exploration of genetic material using the phage display system, and the current stage involving diverse single B cell screening techniques. Additionally, the emergence of machine learning has brought impressive scientific and technological breakthroughs across research domains, proving to be a powerful application in the field of antibody discovery. However, each technique comes with its limitations, such as variability and control challenges in serum‐based acquisition, lengthy and difficult hybridoma‐derived antibody development, potential limitations in sequence and epitope diversity due to immunization biases in phage display techniques, and costly single B cell screening. Protein mass spectrometry sequencing, with shorter acquisition time and lower costs, is seen as a shortcut by diagnostic companies, impacting traditional antibody development. In diagnostic antibody development, methodological differences in downstream assays and the impact of constant regions outside the Fv core are often neglected. This paper deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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32. Immunosuppression with Glucocorticoids - a Possible Immunological Explanation for Interpatient Variation in Sensitivity: Discussion Paper
- Author
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J S Beck and Margaret C. K. Browning
- Subjects
Immunosuppression Therapy ,Immunity, Cellular ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,T-Lymphocytes ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cell Differentiation ,Immunosuppression ,General Medicine ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Variation (linguistics) ,Antibody Formation ,Immunology ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Glucocorticoids ,Cell Division ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,Research Article - Published
- 1983
33. Paper
- Author
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R N Powell
- Subjects
business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Dental plaque ,medicine.disease ,Bone resorption ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Periodontal disease ,Immunity ,Immunology ,Lymphocyte activation ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,business ,Immune complex disease ,Antibody formation - Published
- 1975
34. DISCUSSION PAPER: IMPAIRMENT OF B-LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTIONS IN CONCANAVALIN A-TREATED FRIEND VIRUS INFECTED MICE
- Author
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John R. Kateley and Herman Friedman
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,Erythrocytes ,Lymphocyte ,Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell ,Spleen ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Virus ,Mice ,Immune system ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Antigen ,Concanavalin A ,medicine ,Animals ,Neoplastic transformation ,Antigens, Viral ,Immunosuppression Therapy ,B-Lymphocytes ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,General Neuroscience ,Friend virus ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Friend murine leukemia virus ,Tumor Virus Infections ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antibody Formation ,Splenomegaly ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Antibody - Abstract
Friend leukemia virus (FLV) leukemogenesis was prevented by treatment of the virus with Concanavalin A (Con A). Mice infected with the lectin-treated virus, however, showed evidence of a dormant infection since infectious virus could be recovered for as long as 100 days. Humoral immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a thymus-independent antigen, were depressed (approximately 80-90%) in mice given the Con A-treated FLV. Cell transfer studies indicated that the impaired responsiveness to SRBC was related to a defect in B-lymphocyte function, similar to the impairment in mice infected with untreated FLV. The mitogenic response of splenocytes from Con A-FLV mice to E. coli LPS was also depressed as was the ability of Ig-bearing spleen cells to redistribute these immunoglobulin receptors into polar caps. The impaired immune responsiveness in the Con A-FLV infected mice appeared associated with the persistent virus infection and not to neoplastic transformation generally associated with leukemogenic process.
- Published
- 1976
35. mRNA intramuscular vaccination produces a robust IgG antibody response in advanced neuromuscular disease
- Author
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Thomas W. McDade, Alexis R. Demonbreun, Amelia Sancilio, Elizabeth M. McNally, Rana Saber, Matthew P. Velez, and Daniel T. Ryan
- Subjects
Male ,Serology ,Drug Interactions ,Muscular dystrophy ,Neutralizing antibody ,Genetics (clinical) ,receptor binding domain ,biology ,Neuromuscular Diseases ,Middle Aged ,Neuromuscular disease ,Research Highlight ,Vaccination ,Neurology ,dried blood spots ,Female ,Steroids ,ELISA ,mRNA Vaccines ,neuromuscular ,Antibody ,Glucocorticoid ,2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ,Research Paper ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,muscular dystrophy ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,IgG ,serological testing ,Young Adult ,Immune system ,Neutralization Tests ,medicine ,Humans ,BNT162 Vaccine ,Aged ,Epilepsy ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antibody Formation ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines protect against symptomatic and severe COVID-19. The BNT162b2/Pfizer and mRNA-1273/Moderna vaccines represent new vaccine technology relying on administration of mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein encased in lipid nanoparticles. The vaccines are administered as two doses into muscle, which elicits a strong response, typically within 14 days after the second dose. Neuromuscular diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of muscle and are often treated with chronic glucocorticoid steroids, both of which may contribute to a blunted immune response to vaccination. Herein, we measured IgG antibody content and neutralizing antibody response after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in non-ambulatory neuromuscular disease patients. After two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, median anti-receptor binding domain IgG and percent surrogate viral neutralization in non-ambulatory neuromuscular disease samples were significantly elevated similar to healthy vaccinated controls. As in healthy controls, COVID-19 vaccines produce greater antibody levels compared to those with a history of outpatient COVID-19 infection. This data documents that non-ambulatory neuromuscular disease patients respond well to two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine despite low muscle mass and even chronic steroid use.
- Published
- 2022
36. The dynamics and association of B and T cell receptor repertoires upon antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination in healthy adults
- Author
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Hongkai Wu, Anqi Zheng, Miaoxian Zhao, Zhanhui Wang, Ying Xu, Mingxing Gong, Xueying Li, Shi Xie, and Rong Yan
- Subjects
Adult ,Hepatitis B vaccine ,Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,B-cell receptor ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Hepatitis B Vaccines ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Hepatitis B Antibodies ,Pharmacology ,Hepatitis B virus ,business.industry ,Repertoire ,Vaccination ,T-cell receptor ,Hepatitis B ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Antibody response ,Hepatitis b vaccination ,Antibody Formation ,sense organs ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
The Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine is efficacious in preventing hepatitis B virus infection. However, the association between antibody response to the HB vaccine and dynamic immune repertoire changes in different cell subsets remains unclear. Nine healthy participants were administered three doses of HB vaccine following the 0, 1, 6 month schedule. Peripheral CD4(+) T, memory B (MB), naïve B (NB), and plasma cells (PCs) were sorted before vaccination and 7 days following each dose. The complementary determining region 3 of T-cell receptor β (TCRβ) chain and B-cell receptor (BCR) heavy chain (IgG, IgM, IgA) repertoires were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. All nine participants elicited protective antibody titers to the vaccine at the end of immunization. Compared with the baseline, MB cells showed a significant increase in IgG usage and decreased IgM usage and repertoire diversity at the end of vaccination. TCRβ diversity changes were highly correlated with those of the BCR in MB cells in participants with a faster and robust antibody responses. The percentage of shared clonotypes between NB and MB cells, and MB cells and PCs were much higher than that between NB cells and PCs. The more clonotypes sharing the faster and stronger antibody responses were observed after HB vaccination. These results suggest the integral involvement of MB cells in vaccine immunization. Interaction between CD4(+) T and MB cells and B cell differentiation may improve antibody response to HB vaccine.
- Published
- 2021
37. The impact of physical frailty on the response to inactivated influenza vaccine in older adults
- Author
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Uma R. Chandran, Krissy K. Moehling, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Marianna A. Ortiz, Bo Zhai, John F. Alcorn, Michael Susick, Richard K. Zimmerman, David A. Nace, Min Z. Levine, Chyongchiou J. Lin, and William E. Schwarzmann
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,Influenza vaccine ,T-Lymphocytes ,frailty ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,immune response ,Immune system ,Assisted Living Facilities ,Influenza, Human ,peripheral cell mediated immunity ,Humans ,Medicine ,Seroconversion ,Aged ,Cell Proliferation ,Aged, 80 and over ,Hemagglutination assay ,business.industry ,Interleukin-8 ,Antibody titer ,virus diseases ,Cell Biology ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Middle Aged ,Vaccination ,Oxidative Stress ,Titer ,Vaccines, Inactivated ,Influenza Vaccines ,Case-Control Studies ,Antibody Formation ,Immunology ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Female ,Independent Living ,Interferons ,antibody titers ,influenza ,business ,Research Paper - Abstract
Physical frailty’s impact on hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers (HAI) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) transcriptional responses after influenza vaccination is unclear. Physical frailty was assessed using the 5-item Fried frailty phenotype in 168 community- and assisted-living adults ≥55 years of age during an observational study. Blood was drawn before, 3, 7, and 28 days post-vaccination with the 2017-2018 inactivated influenza vaccine. HAI response to the A/H1N1 strain was measured at Days 0 and 28 using seropositivity, seroconversion, log2 HAI titers, and fold-rise in log2 HAI titers. RNA sequencing of PBMCs from Days 0, 3 and 7 was measured in 28 participants and compared using pathway analyses. Frailty was not significantly associated with any HAI outcome in multivariable models. Compared with non-frail participants, frail participants expressed decreased cell proliferation, metabolism, antibody production, and interferon signaling genes. Conversely, frail participants showed elevated gene expression in IL-8 signaling, T-cell exhaustion, and oxidative stress pathways compared with non-frail participants. These results suggest that reduced effectiveness of influenza vaccine among older, frail individuals may be attributed to immunosenescence-related changes in PBMCs that are not reflected in antibody levels.
- Published
- 2020
38. Optimization and qualification of an assay that demonstrates that a FimH vaccine induces functional antibody responses in women with histories of urinary tract infections
- Author
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Gary R. Eldridge, Steven M. Martin, Michelle M Miller, Courtney M. Starks, Joshua Cubbison, and Peter M Broglie
- Subjects
Functional assay ,medicine.drug_class ,Urinary system ,fimH ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,Antibiotics ,Disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antigen ,vaccine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pharmacology ,Urinary tract infection ,Adhesins, Escherichia coli ,Vaccines ,TLR-4 agonist ,biology ,business.industry ,Bacterial adhesin ,Antibody response ,Antibody Formation ,Urinary Tract Infections ,biology.protein ,Female ,Fimbriae Proteins ,Antibody ,business ,functional assay ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) are a serious disease associated with morbidities and mortality. Resistance to the standard of care antibiotics is now widespread because of the continued use of antibiotics among people who suffer from rUTI. We are therefore developing a vaccine to prevent recurrences among patients with rUTI. The antigen of the vaccine is FimH, a bacterial adhesin protein, and the vaccine is adjuvanted with a TLR-4 agonist. In a Phase 1 clinical study evaluating the vaccine, immunized individuals produced FimH-binding antibodies. Here we describe the optimization, qualification, and use of an assay to assess the functionality of these anti-FimH antibodies. The suitability of the assay for its intended purpose was demonstrated by selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, and intra-assay and inter-assay precision. The acceptance criteria were achieved for all parameters including intra-assay precision with ≤10% relative standard deviations and inter-assay precision with ≤25% relative standard deviations. The results presented herein suggest this functional assay will be important for supporting the vaccine’s efficacy in future human studies. Furthermore and of great significance, these results prove that vaccine-induced functional antibodies can be elicited in rUTI patients against an essential virulence factor, FimH.
- Published
- 2020
39. Study of the association of seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms and their haplotypes in the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes with the antibody response to inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine
- Author
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Jun Chen, Mingbo Sun, Li Shi, Yan Deng, Xiaona Wang, Yaheng Li, Qiongzhou Yin, Yufeng Yao, Xiuwen Xu, Huijuan Yang, Zhimei Zhao, and Shuyuan Liu
- Subjects
Male ,IL-4 and IL-10 genes ,animal diseases ,viruses ,030231 tropical medicine ,Immunology ,SNP ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Biology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Japanese encephalitis vaccine ,Encephalitis, Japanese ,Interleukin 4 ,Pharmacology ,Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,IL-2 ,Haplotype ,antibody response ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Interleukin-10 ,Interleukin 10 ,Immunization ,Haplotypes ,TNF-α ,Antibody Formation ,bacteria ,Interleukin-2 ,Female ,Interleukin-4 ,inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,Research Paper - Abstract
To investigate whether the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes contribute to variations in vaccine-induced immune responses after immunization with the inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (IJEV), a total of 369 individuals who received the IJEV were enrolled. Based on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) neutralization antibodies (NAbs), the individuals were divided into seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) groups. Then, 17 SNPs in the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes were genotyped using the TaqMan method. Although there was no association of the TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 genes with JEV seropositivity triggered by JEV vaccination when all the individuals in the SP and SN groups were compared, differences were observed in a subgroup analysis. In the male group, rs2243291 in the IL-4 gene showed a difference between the JEV SP and SN groups with the overdominant model (P = .045), and the C/G genotypes conferred more JEV seropositivity (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.01–3.49); the CT genotype of rs3093726 in the TNF-α gene showed higher JEV NAbs geometric mean titer (GMT) than the TT genotype (P = .018, CT: 1.677 ± 0.144 vs TT: 1.271 ± 0.039). Furthermore, the rs1800629 genotype in the TNF-α gene and the rs1800896 genotype in the IL-10 gene exhibited a trend of association with JEV seropositivity in the female group, but the difference was not significant. The present study suggested that the polymorphisms in the cytokine genes could be associated with sex-specific JEV NAbs seroconversion. However, more samples should be studied, and further functional verification should be performed.
- Published
- 2020
40. Nutrient supplementation strategy improves cell concentration and longevity, monoclonal antibody production and lactate metabolism of Chinese hamster ovary cells
- Author
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Saumel Pérez-Rodriguez, Norma A. Valdez-Cruz, María de Jesús Ramírez-Lira, and Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Culture mediums ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Longevity ,Bioengineering ,CHO Cells ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cricetulus ,monoclonal antibody production ,law ,Cricetinae ,010608 biotechnology ,Nutrient supplementation ,Animals ,Lactic Acid ,Cell Proliferation ,media_common ,Monoclonal antibody production ,Chinese hamster ovary cell ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,chinese hamster ovary cells ,cellular growth ,General Medicine ,Cell concentration ,powerfeed a ,Culture Media ,030104 developmental biology ,Biochemistry ,Lactate metabolism ,Antibody Formation ,Recombinant DNA ,metabolism ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Research Paper ,Biotechnology - Abstract
A careful selection of culture mediums and feeds has become necessary to maximize yields of recombinant proteins during bioprocesses of mammalian cells. Supplements contain a variety of concentrate nutrients, and their beneficial effects vary according to recombinant cell lines. In this study, the effects of PowerFeed A on growth kinetics, productivity and cellular metabolism were evaluated for two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines producing a monoclonal antibody in a batch culture. Supplemented cultures increased integral viable cell density of CRL-12444 and CRL-12445 cells by 2.4 and 1.6 times through extension of culture time at which viability was above 90% in 72 and 36 h, respectively, and increment of maximal cell concentration in 3.25 × 106 cells/ml (69%) for CRL-12445 cells. Product titer augmented 1.9 and 2.5 times for CRL-12444 and CRL-12445 cells, respectively, without changes in growth rate and specific productivity. Feed supplementation also stimulated full consumption of glucose and free glutamine and reduced 10 times lactate accumulation, while ammonium, sodium and potassium remained at similar concentrations at the end of the culture. About 44% of calcium, mainly provided by feed, was consumed by both cell lines. Maximization of cellular growth, viability and protein titer through feeding encourages extending its use to other cell lines and exploring novel combinations with other basal mediums or feeds. A thorough investigation of its impact on protein quality and the molecular mechanisms behind these effects will allow designing effective feeds and strategies to rationally optimize protein production in the biomanufacturing industry., Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2020
41. ABO blood group and SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response in a convalescent donor population
- Author
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Imani Burgess, Brenda J. Grossman, Eric A. Gehrie, Christi E. Marshall, Ruchika Goel, Oliver Laeyendecker, Kirsten Littlefield, Thomas C. Quinn, Jeffrey L. Winters, Ruchee Shrestha, Andrew D. Redd, David J. Sullivan, Evan M. Bloch, Arturo Casadevall, Shmuel Shoham, Aaron A.R. Tobian, Eshan U. Patel, and Andrew Pekosz
- Subjects
Population ,Blood Donors ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Antibodies, Viral ,Group B ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,ABO Blood-Group System ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID-19 Testing ,COVID‐19 ,ABO blood group system ,Medicine ,Microneutralization Assay ,Humans ,Neutralizing antibody ,education ,COVID-19 Serotherapy ,education.field_of_study ,Original Paper ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Immunization, Passive ,COVID-19 ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,titre ,Original Papers ,ABO group ,Agglutination (biology) ,Titer ,Immunology ,convalescent plasma ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: ABO blood group may affect risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or severity of COVID-19. We sought to determine whether IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibody (nAb) to SARS-CoV-2 vary by ABO blood group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among eligible convalescent plasma donors, ABO blood group was determined via agglutination of reagent A1 and B cells, IgA and IgG were quantified using the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, and nAb titres were quantified using a microneutralization assay. Differences in titre distribution were examined by ABO blood group using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of high nAb titre (≥1:160) were estimated by blood group using multivariable modified Poisson regression models that adjusted for age, sex, hospitalization status and time since SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 202 potential donors, 65 (32%) were blood group A, 39 (19%) were group B, 13 (6%) were group AB, and 85 (42%) were group O. Distribution of nAb titres significantly differed by ABO blood group, whereas there were no significant differences in anti-spike IgA or anti-spike IgG titres by ABO blood group. There were significantly more individuals with high nAb titre (≥1:160) among those with blood group B, compared with group O (aPR = 1·9 [95%CI = 1·1-3·3], P = 0·029). Fewer individuals had a high nAb titre among those with blood group A, compared with group B (aPR = 0·6 [95%CI = 0·4-1·0], P = 0·053). CONCLUSION: Eligible CCP donors with blood group B may have relatively higher neutralizing antibody titres. Additional studies evaluating ABO blood groups and antibody titres that incorporate COVID-19 severity are needed.
- Published
- 2021
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42. Immunization of mice and rabbits by intrasplenic deposition of nanogram quantities of protein attached to Sepharose beads or nitrocellulose paper strips
- Author
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P C Svalander, Anders Larsson, and B. Ove Nilsson
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Spleen ,Mice, Inbred Strains ,Injections ,Sepharose ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Antigen ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Bovine serum albumin ,Antigens ,Electroblotting ,Gel electrophoresis ,Chromatography ,biology ,Drug Administration Routes ,Collodion ,Serum Albumin, Bovine ,Molecular biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Mice, Inbred CBA ,Immunization ,Rabbits ,Adjuvant ,Nitrocellulose ,Injections, Intraperitoneal ,Protein Binding - Abstract
Two novel immunization methods designed for immunization with small quantities of antigen, immobilized on a solid matrix and without the use of adjuvant, are presented. The major test antigen used in order to evaluate these methods was bovine serum albumin (BSA). It was deposited in the spleen of mice and rabbits, either attached to Sepharose beads (Pharmacia Sepharose 4B) or to nitrocellulose (NC) paper strips (Millipore). BSA was attached to NC by direct application or by electroblotting after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antibody response in mouse and rabbit serum, after intrasplenic immunizations with various quantities of antigen, was analyzed in an ELISA standard procedure. In mice, an antibody response in serum was detected after three intrasplenic immunizations with a total quantity of 73.6 ng BSA bound to Sepharose beads and after two immunizations with a total quantity of 800 ng BSA attached to NC. Determination of the antigen-binding to NC and the clearance rate of antigen attached to NC deposited in the spleen of mice was performed with 125I-labeled BSA. In rabbits, an antibody response in serum was detected after a single intrasplenic immunization with 2.6 micrograms BSA attached to NC. When testing human insulin and sheep prolactin, attached to NC, as antigens in intrasplenic immunization of rabbits, an antibody response was found after a total quantity of 3.2 micrograms insulin and 10.5 micrograms prolactin, respectively.
- Published
- 1987
43. Baseline characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine non-responders in a large population-based sample.
- Author
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Yaseen, Ashraf, DeSantis, Stacia M., Sabharwal, Rachit, Talebi, Yashar, Swartz, Michael D., Zhang, Shiming, Leon Novelo, Luis, Pinzon-Gomez, Cesar L., Messiah, Sarah E., Valerio-Shewmaker, Melissa, Kohl III, Harold W., Ross, Jessica, Lakey, David, Shuford, Jennifer A., Pont, Stephen J., and Boerwinkle, Eric
- Subjects
COVID-19 vaccines ,DISEASE risk factors ,VACCINE effectiveness ,ANTIBODY formation ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Introduction: Studies indicate that individuals with chronic conditions and specific baseline characteristics may not mount a robust humoral antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this paper, we used data from the Texas Coronavirus Antibody REsponse Survey (Texas CARES), a longitudinal state-wide seroprevalence program that has enrolled more than 90,000 participants, to evaluate the role of chronic diseases as the potential risk factors of non-response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a large epidemiologic cohort. Methods: A participant needed to complete an online survey and a blood draw to test for SARS-CoV-2 circulating plasma antibodies at four-time points spaced at least three months apart. Chronic disease predictors of vaccine non-response are evaluated using logistic regression with non-response as the outcome and each chronic disease + age as the predictors. Results: As of April 24, 2023, 18,240 participants met the inclusion criteria; 0.58% (N = 105) of these are non-responders. Adjusting for age, our results show that participants with self-reported immunocompromised status, kidney disease, cancer, and "other" non-specified comorbidity were 15.43, 5.11, 2.59, and 3.13 times more likely to fail to mount a complete response to a vaccine, respectively. Furthermore, having two or more chronic diseases doubled the prevalence of non-response. Conclusion: Consistent with smaller targeted studies, a large epidemiologic cohort bears the same conclusion and demonstrates immunocompromised, cancer, kidney disease, and the number of diseases are associated with vaccine non-response. This study suggests that those individuals, with chronic diseases with the potential to affect their immune system response, may need increased doses or repeated doses of COVID-19 vaccines to develop a protective antibody level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Dynamic analysis and optimal control of a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response.
- Author
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Ruiqing Shi and Yihong Zhang
- Subjects
PONTRYAGIN'S minimum principle ,T cells ,ANTIBODY formation ,MIXED infections ,HTLV ,IMMUNE response ,HIV - Abstract
In this paper, a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response is established. Two cases are considered: constant control and optimal control. For the constant control system, the existence and uniqueness of the positive solutions are proved, and then the sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of five equilibriums are obtained. For the second case, the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle is used to analyze the optimal control, and the formula of the optimal solution are derived. After that, some numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical prediction. Numerical simulations indicate that in the case of HIV/HTLV co-infection, the concentration of CD4
+ T cells is no longer suitable as an effective reference data for understanding the development process of the disease. On the contrary, the number of HIV virus particles should be used as an important indicator for reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. No SARS‐CoV ‐2 antibody response in 25 patients with pseudo‐chilblains
- Author
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Iris González-Villanueva, Eduardo Vergara-de Caso, Isabel Betlloch-Mas, Alexandre Docampo-Simón, Juan Carlos Palazón-Cabanes, Gloria Juan-Carpena, Adelina Gimeno-Gascon, Mar Blanes-Martínez, and María José Sánchez-Pujol
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,coronavirus ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,chilblains ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,Serology ,Short Papers ,Young Adult ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,COVID-19 Testing ,0302 clinical medicine ,COVID‐19 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Short Paper ,Humans ,Outpatient clinic ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,Chilblains ,Prospective cohort study ,Coronavirus ,acral ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Infant ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Antibody response ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Antibody Formation ,Quarantine ,Female ,business - Abstract
Chilblain‐like acral lesions have been identified in some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. It has been suggested that these pseudo‐chilblains could be a specific marker of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Most patients with these lesions have had negative polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), but some authors believe serology tests are likely to give positive results. We designed a prospective study including all patients with pseudo‐chilblains treated in outpatient department in April and May 2020 and then performed SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR and serology tests on all available patients. We evaluated 59 patients, of whom 17 had undergone PCR before the study period, all with negative results. For the present study, we performed 20 additional PCRs, serology tests in 25 patients, and a parvovirus B19 antibody test in 15 patients. All results were negative. Our findings counter the hypothesis that serology is likely to reveal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients with pseudo‐chilblains. One hypothesis for our negative results is that the time period between symptom onset and antibody production is longer in these patients; another is that the lesions are caused by behavioral changes during lockdown rather than SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We nevertheless maintain that COVID‐19 should be ruled out in people presenting with chilblain‐like lesions.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in healthcare workers previously infected with SARS-CoV-2
- Author
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Henry Ng, Mia Phillipson, Kim Blom, Ulrika Marking, Sara M. Mangsbo, Peter Nilsson, Ann-Christin Salomonsson, Sophia Hober, Sebastian Havervall, Charlotte Thålin, Max Gordon, Jonas Klingstrom, Nina Greilert-Norin, Mikael Åberg, Cecilia Hellström, and Elisa Pin
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Adult ,Male ,Infectious Medicine ,Medicine (General) ,Research paper ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Health Personnel ,Neutralizing antibody response ,Immunization, Secondary ,Infektionsmedicin ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Serology ,Immune system ,R5-920 ,Prior infection ,ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ,Blocking antibody ,Medicine ,Humans ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,BNT162 Vaccine ,BNT162b2 vaccine ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,fungi ,Vaccination ,Wild type ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,body regions ,Regimen ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Antibody Formation ,Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Background Recent reports demonstrate robust serological responses to a single dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data on immune responses following a single-dose adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection are however limited, and current guidelines recommend a two-dose regimen regardless of preexisting immunity. Methods We compared RBD-specific IgG and RBD-ACE2 blocking antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern following two doses of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in SARS-CoV-2 naive healthcare workers (n=65) and a single dose of the adenovector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in 82 healthcare workers more than (n=45) and less than (n=37) 11 months post mild SARS-CoV-2 infection at time of vaccination. Findings The post-vaccine levels of RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concern including Delta lineage 1.617.2 were similar or higher in participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine post SARS-CoV-2 infection (both more than and less than 11 months post infection) compared to SARS-CoV-2 naive participants who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. Interpretation Our data support that a single dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine that is administered up to at least 11 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection serves as an effective immune booster. This provides a possible rationale for a single-dose vaccine regimen. Funding A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section
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- 2021
47. [Blood on filtration paper for determination of rubella haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies (author's transl)]
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J, Strauss, M, Smelhausová, and H, Kůlková
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Pregnancy ,Antibody Formation ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Rabbits ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Antibodies, Viral ,Rubella - Published
- 1976
48. Discussion paper: immunosuppression induced in vivo and in vitro by different classes of plasmacytomas
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Herman Friedman and Steven Specter
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Immunosuppression Therapy ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Erythrocytes ,General Neuroscience ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunosuppression ,Computational biology ,Neoplasms, Experimental ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,In vitro ,Immunoglobulin A ,Mice ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Immunoglobulin M ,In vivo ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Antibody Formation ,medicine ,Animals ,Immunoglobulin Allotypes ,Cells, Cultured ,Spleen ,Plasmacytoma - Published
- 1976
49. [Comments on the paper of J. Macák: Immunofluorescence examination in lupoid cirrhosis Vnitrní Lék. 22, 1976, 6, p. 559-63]
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J, Macák
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Antibody Formation ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Humans ,Hepatitis - Published
- 1976
50. Position statement on the use of biosimilars in inflammatory bowel disease
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Emanuel Burri, Christian Mottet, Pierre Michetti, Michel H. Maillard, Pascal Juillerat, Stephan R. Vavricka, Nadine Zahnd, Michael Manz, Gerhard Rogler, and University of Zurich
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Position statement ,030213 general clinical medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,610 Medicine & health ,2700 General Medicine ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Drug Prescriptions ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals ,Drug Approval ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Drug Substitution ,Treatment options ,Biosimilar ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,Safety profile ,10219 Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Antibody Formation ,Position paper ,business ,Antibody formation - Abstract
Biologics are effective and have a good safety profile in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biosimilars have recently become available as treatment option. They are biological agents that are highly similar to the original biologic compound in their structure, biological activity, efficacy and safety. This position paper summarises current knowledge on biosimilars and presents its statements on regulatory issues and clinical situation in order to provide clinicians adequate information for them to reach informed and appropriate shared decision-making with their patients.
- Published
- 2019
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