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The article presents titles and abstracts of papers submitted at a meeting held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1938. The paper "The Sequent Occupance of a Boston Suburban Community," presented by Edward A. Ackerman focuses on areas surrounding the Boston metropolitan district. The proximity of a large city market, plots of level land and fertile soil determine the existence of these suburban fanning communities. The article "The Recession of Victoria Falls," by Wallace W. Atwood. The world famous falls on the Zainbesi have had a strange and remarkable history in recession. The gorge is serpentine with many curious off-shoots, and located on the floor of a broad and much older flat-bottomed valley. Today the water tumbles over a ledge, fully a mile in length, and into a very narrow chasm 350 ft. deep.

The article presents information on the psychology of newspapers along with an exhaustive study of the treatment, which Boston newspapers accorded to revision of the Neutrality Act that gripped the attention of the U.S. in the fall of 1939. This investigation is based upon a complete sample of weekday and Sunday editions of English-language newspapers published in Boston, Massachusetts. The extent to which this simplification of the story took place in the Boston papers was estimated as carefully as possible. The evidence indicates that editors and newswriters attempt to give as comprehensive and adequate a representation of events as they dare; while the readers insist upon selecting, sharpening, and pointing the issue still further to suit their desire for simplification and definiteness. Newspapers must dramatize and select in order to produce in their readers the emotional integration required for a good fight. A newspaper's pattern of influence is built around its editorial policy. Most papers do to a certain extent select news items favoring the editorial policy of the paper, and reject those that are opposed. In summary, the evidence reported in this study is interpreted as supporting five generalizations which are offered here as tentative laws in the new field of the psychology of newspapers: (1) issues are skeletonized; (2) any given newspaper's field of influence is well-patterned; (3) readers are more emotional than editors; (4)public interest as reflected in newspapers is variable in time; (5) public interest rapidly fatigues and presses for an early closure.

The article presents the program of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association to be held from August 26-29, 1968. It will be held in Boston, Massachusetts. The Program Committee, consisting of Chairman Philip M. Hauser, William J. Goode, Robin M. Williams. Jr., O.D. Duncan, and Gerhard E. Lenski is planning sessions on the central theme of "On the Gap Between Sociology and Social Policy". The session topics are as follows: 1) Plenary sessions: Sociology and the Negro Revolt, Sociology and Social Accounting; 2) Thematic Sessions: Conformity and Social Control, Law and the Administration of Criminal Justice, Socialization and Education, Population and Population Control, Sociology and Environmental Planning, The Polity and the Academy, Sociology and Social Development, Sociology and Systems Analysis, Sociology and Socialist Countries, 3) Regular Sessions: The New Sociometrics, Theory Building. In order to broaden member participation in the Annual Meeting, the 1968 Program Committee is planning a limited number of sessions utilizing a Seminar format. Papers contributed by members apart from those scheduled for organized sessions, will be screened and grouped under appropriate subject headings.

The article presents a list of conferences to be held on various topics, from December 27-29, 1963 in Boston, Massachusetts as part of the 76th Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association. A meeting on the theme Principles of Efficiency to be presided over by Paul A. Samuelson of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The papers to be discussed are The Measurement of Waste by Arnold Harberger and The Efficient Allocation of Capital by Jack Hershleifer. A meeting on the theme Re-Appraisals in American Economic History to be presided over by Douglass North of the University of Washington. The papers to be discussed are A New Look at Hunter's Hypothesis about the Ante-Bellum Iron Industry by Peter Temin, Ante-Bellum Interregional Trade Reconsidered by Albert Fishlow and Canals and Development -- A Discussion of the Issue by Roger Ransom. A meeting on Comparative Costs and Economic Development to be presided over by C. P.Kindleberger of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The papers to be discussed are The Experience of India by Wilfred Malenbaum, The African Situation by Walter A. Chudson and The Case of Brazil by Werner Baer.

The study of the social role of the legislator is important from two points of view: it is essential to the understanding of the actual working of representative government, and it provides a perspective on other occupational roles by contrast. The occupational problems of the politician have been treated by Weber and more recently by Shils; the purpose of the present paper is to continue this analysis by means of data gathered in the course of studies of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, with particular reference to the way in which a person engaged in politics supports himself and reduces the insecurity of his occupation. This paper shall be concerned chiefly with some correlates of the representative's seniority in the legislature. The correlates of seniority are of importance with regard to definition of the representative's role because there seems to be a selective process whereby those who remain longest in the legislature come to terms most fully with the problems that membership poses. Thus this paper examines not only the strains in this role, which is in some ways quite different from the usual occupational role, but also the ways of coping with them.

A conference paper is presented about the commerce of Boston, Massachusetts during the time leading up to the American Revolution. It discusses the source material provided by the Massachusetts Historical Society. It examines tables of annual average clearances and provides a broad view of the total movement of sea-borne commerce. The paper also analyzes imports, the exportation of enumerated colonial products, and the direct trade between Boston and Great Britain.

A conference paper about Concord, Massachusetts is presented. The author talks about several locations he visited within the town, including the farm of Major Simon Willard and the house of Reverend Peter Buckley. Subjects of the paper also include the first settlers in Concord, the organizing of a Christian Church, and the civil interests of the settlers.

The article focuses on formal organization and the Americanization process, with special reference to Greeks of Boston, Massachusetts. It presents the thesis that formal organization is an important instrument in the transformation of peasants into citizens of a modern state. An earlier paper dealt with individual and family choices between possible alternatives in the Americanization process. The author states that the modification of personality structure requires less effort if large groups can be handled at the same time. The totalitarian state proceeds by creating authoritarian structures and by compelling membership in them. Conformity to patterns set at the top is enforced upon lower ranks of members. Democracies, too, make use of hierarchical organizations and bring pressure upon individuals to conform to set behavior patterns, but they do not rely exclusively upon such organizations. To make the thesis more specific, the Americanization process has been characterized by a balance between authoritarian structures to which the newly arrived immigrant and his children must adjust and autonomous structures which he creates and can modify to suit his needs and taste.

Ralph Stocliman Tarr was born on January 15, 1864, in Gloucester, Massachusetts. He died, after a brief illness, at his home in Ithaca, March 21, 1919, being a little more than forty-eight years of age. On graduation from the high school in 1881, Tarr's interest in science led him to enter the summer school of the Peabody Academy at Salem. He accomplished much work on the geology of Cape Ann, a problem which he says was much too big for his experience. It may in truth be said, however, that the report on that region published in the Ninth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey is substantially Tarr's work.

This paper presents a prototype econometric model of current expenditure by local school districts in Massachusetts. The model is specified in such a way as to permit simulation of alternative formulas for distributing general-purpose state aid. In the first part of the paper the model itself will be described. Of particular interest is the finding that block grants may be more stimulating than matching grants in some cases. The article reports the results of simulating a "power equalizing" formula. The key assumption of the model is that local school authorities will show some consistency in evaluating different combinations of local tax rates and total expenditure when the state aid formula changes. A school board is assumed to maximize its preference function with respect to the single control variable. There is no a priori way to choose among the functional forths of that would satisfy the standard first- and second-order conditions for a maximum. Thus, the behavioral equations for two simple functional forms were estimated.

This paper reports the findings of a carefully prepared field experiment conducted in the Boston area to test the "two step flow of communication" hypothesis. The results of the experiment, although far from definitive, seem to call for a reappraisal of the hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the birth statistics of Massachusetts during the nineteenth century. The present paper is a report of an investigation which goes part of the way in surmounting the obstacles to our understanding of the trend of American fertility during the nineteenth century by trying to consider the very difficulty which one of these studies was forced to ignore. The difficulty referred to is the degree of under-registration of births in the statistics collected by States. Economist Joseph J. Spengler did try to take this question into account, but the method he used to answer, it failed to produce meaningful results. It should also be pointed out that whereas Spengler was concerned with all six New England States, this study is concerned only with the birth statistics of Massachusetts, which was the first State to inaugurate a registration system and whose birth records are generally considered to comprise the most reliable American statistics of the last century. The investigation covered the years between 1842, when the system was established, and 1901, making a 60-year period extending through the century.

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the semi-annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Club of Odd Volumes in Boston, Massachusetts on April 16, 1941. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "The Brown Papers: The Record of a Rhode Island Business Family," "Declension in a Bible Commonwealth," and "The Reverend Robert Jenney."

Displays illustrating papers and graphic expositions not correlated with sessions have become an integral part of annual meetings of the Association of American Geographers. Exhibits at Cambridge, Massachusetts accented physical geography rather more and human geography rather less than has been the case in recent preceding years. In a number of cases comparable maps of physical and human phenomena were displayed side by side. This appears to indicate a pronounced interest in regional correspondence of phenomena.

Presents several court cases and rulings in the U.S. published in the November 1896 issue of the "Harvard Law Review." Preference of veterans in the Massachusetts civil service; Certainty as a formal requisite of negotiable paper; Common law pleading; Physical suffering resulting from mental shock.

The present position of the Supreme Court renders the future of mandatory minimum wage laws perilous. Since the decision in the District of Columbia case, considerable discussion has arisen as to the results which can be obtained from a law free from objectionable (to the court) features. The Massachusetts statute is the outstanding example of such a law. The first decade of the operation of the law in Massachusetts ended July 1, 1923. During these ten years wage decrees establishing minimum rates for women and girls have been made in sixteen occupations employing from 70,000 to 80,000 women and girls and covering approximately 5,000 firms. It is apparent that the Massachusetts law has done much to ameliorate the condition of working women. It does not follow that the declared object of minimum wage legislation, the securing of a cost-of-living income, has been attained. In spite of difficulties, the Massachusetts minimum wage law has done not a little to improve the condition of unskilled, unorganized female labor.

This paper attempts to explain the wide-spread declines in arrest-levels reported by police departments in the Northeast after the 1870's, using Dahrs thesis that this was the period when businessmen began to dominate politic in many American cities and Wilson's thesis that intense political conflict tends to draw the police into politics and to undermine their effectiveness. The data of this research were drawn from Salem, Massachusetts, and take two forms: statistical accounts of the structure and activities of the Salem police; and historical accounts of the political organization of the town. The results Lend strong support to the conclusion that both Dahi's and Wilson's theses are valid explanations of the decline of the Salem department after the 1870's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article profiles sociologist G. Stanley Hall. He was born in a little town in Massachusetts, back in 1846. In April, 1914, he died in a larger town in Massachusetts. He founded the "American Journal of Psychology." Despite heavy losses within the first few years Hall was encouraged later to start other journals, The Pedagogical Seminary, the Journal of Applied Psychology and The Journal of Religious Psychology. As a lecturer and teacher Hall accepted the necessity of giving his audiences something that they could use. He recognized also the need of being interesting, and he was enough of an opportunist to seize on issues close to the hearts of his hearers. In his popular lectures he was more tactful and considerate of the feelings of his audience than when in the classroom. He would tell the truth to his audiences, but sometimes only as much of the truth as he felt they could safely assimilate. In the classroom, however he assumed, or appeared to assume, that he was in a company of equals, each and everyone intent upon the pursuit of knowledge.

Ancient and modern methods and results of man's efforts to formulate satisfying statements about the ultimate meaning of human life and the nature of the universe were interwoven in the program presented at the sixth international gathering of philosophers held at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts on September 13-17, 1927. The courts and handsomely assembly rooms of a group of new dormitories located on the banks of the Charles River supplied a delightful atmosphere of academic quiet and gave opportunities for innumerable enjoyable personal contacts. This first New-World session of the Congress was attended by 630 persons, of whom 375 were active members. The 75 foreign delegates came from leading European countries, from Canada, South America, Mexico and India. The tremendous scope of the subjects presented and the abstract or even mystical treatment of many of the topics were in striking contrast to the growing specialization and concreteness observed in the papers presented in national gatherings of social scientists. Inconsistencies in the methods and results of modern philosophy as presented in the discussions of this Congress would justify a modification of this statement to the more modest claim that philosophy may enlarge the outlook of the human spirit by stimulating speculative efforts to achieve this tremendous program.

Focuses on the tabular standard in Massachusetts history. Adjustment of depreciated bills of credit; Relationship of pay to computer rise of prices.

Presents information on financial management of Harvard College between 1776-90. Expenses incurred by Ebenezer Storer as treasurer of the college in 1777; Amount invested in the college in 1777; Reason why the college was obliged to protect itself against rise in prices caused by inflation of the currency.

This paper expands the conceptual apparatus of family life cycle analysis and illustrates its usefulness by applying it to a population. There is a normatively sanctioned life cycle that a female born into American society is expected to follow as she moves from birth to death: she is expected to survive through childhood, marry, bear and rear children, and survive jointly with her husband until her Children leave the home. Paul Glick, in several articles, has calculated mean ages at which these Various events are experienced. The life cycle analysis proposed here, however, focuses on the distribution of women according to type of life cycle experienced. Starting with a cohort of 100,000 females, six alternative life cycle possibilities are differentiated and the number who follow each of the types is calculated. Types are: (1) abbreviated, the female dies before she is exposed to the risk of marriage; (2) spinster, the woman is exposed to the risk of marriage but does not marry; (3) barren, the woman marries but remains childless; (4) dying mother, the women has children but dies before the last one leaves home; (5) widowed mother, the women has children and survives until they leave home, but her husband dies before that event; and (6) typical, the woman marries, has children, and survives jointly with her husband until the last one leaves home. Applying this approach to several cohorts of native-born Massachusetts women born at different times some striking changes appear. For examples the number of women from a birth cohort of 1000,000 who follow the typical life cycle increases from 21,000 for the cohort born in 1830 to 57,000 for the cohort born in 1920. The demographic, social and economic implications of a change of this magnitude are of considerable consequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 21, 1953. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "American Literature: The First Seventy-Five Years," and "Calvin Coolidge: Twenty Years After."

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 16, 1946. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "A New England Friendship: John Adams and Henry Knox" and "Peter Martyr and his Works."

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 17, 1945. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The presentations given at the meeting are also listed, including the paper "Varnum's Ministerial Oppression: A Revolutionary Drama."

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 21, 1942. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including discussion of the National Geographic Society, 18th-century landscape painters, and the Louisiana Purchase.

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 15, 1941. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "Horatio Gates Spafford and His Historical Activities" and "The Press in the New England Town."

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 16, 1940. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "Jean Lafitte in the War of 1812," "John Watson: Painter, Merchant, and Capitalist."

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 17, 1934. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "Ebenezer Cooke and the Maryland Muse" and "The Libraries of the Presidents."

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Library of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 18, 1933. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "The Journal of a Belated Puritan, 1835-1853," "William Gaston, an Old-Fashioned Federalist," and "Champlain and his Landings at Cape Ann."

The article presents the proceedings of the semi-annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Hall of the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston on April 24, 1901. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. A memorial to the late scholar Edward Elbridge Salisbury is discussed. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, along with commentary by members of the Society.

The article presents the proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Hall of the Society in Worcester, Massachusetts on October 24, 1894. A list of presiding members is included. The results of society office elections are given. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "Analysis of the Pictorial Text Inscribed on two Palenque Tablets," by Philipp J. J. Valentini, and "The Rival Claimants for North America 1497-1755," by Justin Winsor.

This article focuses on the recent developments in Northeastern University Bureau of Business and Economic Research. Professor Irwin L. Herrnstadt gave a paper dealing with the implication of changing occupational structure for education and social welfare to the Advanced Administrative Institute of the Harvard Graduate School of Education (July 6-17, 1964) and to the Pine Woods Institute for leaders in social welfare planning (July 23-26, 1964).

The article presents a case study of the use of surveys in public policy. Problems exist in collecting information regarding public policy, including a lack of objectivity, reluctance to share information, distrust of sampling methods, and reluctance to spend necessary money. The survey documents the proposal of a bill in Massachusetts that prohibited the private sale of liquor. The author believes the information can be extremely valuable for public policy, but needs to remain objective.

The article investigates why property insurance can be difficult to obtain in urban core areas in the U.S. Federal programs have been instituted to help alleviate the problem, but the causes have attracted little attention from researchers. The author presents an empirical study of fire losses in various neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts. Regression analysis on fire-loss and insurance company data identifies price ceilings as the chief cause of insufficient availability of fire insurance. At prevailing prices insurance firms realize losses, and thus stop insuring certain areas.

The article features a profile on U.S. marketing professor Neil H. Borden. Borden served as president of both The National Association of Marketing Teachers and The American Marketing Association from 1954-1958. Borden received the Kappa Tau Alpha Research Award in 1945. He taught at the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration until 1962. He wrote the book "The Economic Effects of Advertising." Borden is credited for influencing the curricula of advertising through his volumes of case studies.

This article presents information about books on population and migration. Some of the books included are "History of the Americans Negro," vol. 4, edited by A.B. Caldwell, "Immigrant Races in Massachusetts. The Greeks," by W.I. Cole, "L'indiscipline des mocurs," by P. Burkau, "Race Elements in the White Population of North Carolina," by R.D.W. Connos, "The Second Generation of Italians in New York City," by J.H. Mariano, "Selected Articles on Immigration," compiled by E.M. Phelps and "Infant Mortality is Pittsburgh: An Analysis of Records for 1920 With Six Charts," by G. Sterle.

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the semi-annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Club of Odd Volumes in Boston, Massachusetts on April 15, 1953. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "Cotton Mather: First Significant Figure in American Medicine," and "Collecting Western Americana."

The article presents an outline of the proceedings of the semi-annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held at the Club of Odd Volumes in Boston, Massachusetts on April 15, 1942. A list of presiding members is included. The results of elections for society offices are described. The papers presented at the meeting are also listed, including "Part of an Almanack," "Further Notes on John Watson," and "Edgar Allan Poe's Contributions to Alexander's Weekly Messenger."

The article presents the life and works of Ellen H. Richards. Richards who is the first female in public health in the U.S. in the 1800s, and pioneer in the field of home economics, was born on December 3, 1842, in Massachusetts. She was the first woman in America to be admitted to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and earn the degree in chemistry. From 1884 to her death she held the position of instructor in sanitary chemistry laboratory at MIT that conduct water analysis.