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Anaprazole, a newly developed oral proton pump inhibitor, was evaluated for safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese subjects. This study involved administering either anaprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablet or placebo, followed by monitoring the incidence and severity of any adverse events (AEs). The pharmacokinetic parameters of anaprazole, its isomer, and main metabolisms were determined. The results showed that both single‐dose (2.5‐120 mg) and multiple‐dose (20 mg once daily, 40 mg once daily, or 20 mg twice daily) oral administration of anaprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablet were safe and well tolerated. Following single‐dose administration, the median time to reach maximum plasma concentration of anaprazole was between 3.50 and 5.25 hours, with mean elimination half‐life of 1.22‐3.79 hours. The absorption and elimination of anaprazole in the human body appeared to basically follow linear kinetics. After repeated dosing, steady‐state concentrations of anaprazole, its isomer, and primary metabolites were achieved, with a median time to reach maximum plasma concentration of 3‐3.75 hours and a mean elimination half‐life of 1.61‐2.27 hours for anaprazole. There was no significant drug accumulation after multiple‐dose oral administration. In conclusion, anaprazole sodium enteric‐coated tablets were found to be safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese individuals. Anaprazole is absorbed and metabolized consistently in the human body without any accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The intricate balance between the advantages and risks of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) impedes the utilization of lung cancer screening (LCS). Guiding shared decision-making (SDM) for well-informed choices regarding LCS is pivotal. There has been a notable increase in research related to SDM. However, these studies possess limitations. For example, they may ignore the identification of decision support and needs from the perspective of health care providers and high-risk groups. Additionally, these studies have not adequately addressed the complete SDM process, including pre-decisional needs, the decision-making process, and post-decision experiences. Furthermore, the East-West divide of SDM has been largely ignored. This study aimed to explore the decisional needs and support for shared decision-making for LCS among health care providers and high-risk groups in China. Methods: Informed by the Ottawa Decision-Support Framework, we conducted qualitative, face-to-face in-depth interviews to explore shared decision-making among 30 lung cancer high-risk individuals and 9 health care providers. Content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: We identified 4 decisional needs that impair shared decision-making: (1) LCS knowledge deficit; (2) inadequate supportive resources; (3) shared decision-making conceptual bias; and (4) delicate doctor-patient bonds. We identified 3 decision supports: (1) providing information throughout the LCS process; (2) providing shared decision-making decision coaching; and (3) providing decision tools. Conclusions: This study offers valuable insights into the decisional needs and support required to undergo LCS among high-risk individuals and perspectives from health care providers. Future studies should aim to design interventions that enhance the quality of shared decision-making by offering LCS information, decision tools for LCS, and decision coaching for shared decision-making (e.g., through community nurses). Simultaneously, it is crucial to assess individuals' needs for effective deliberation to prevent conflicts and regrets after arriving at a decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of apigenin in rats with acute lung injury (ALI). We also examined changes in levels of inflammatory and antioxidant factors after apigenin treatment in a rat model of ALI. Methods: We searched several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and GoogleScholar, to retrieve relevant articles for our systematic review and meta-analysis. Five studies with 226 rat models of ALI were included in this study. We investigated inflammatory factors and oxidative stress with the corresponding 95% confidence interval in three groups: 1. Group1 (control vs. ALI), 2. Group2 (ALI vs. apigenin10), and 3. Group3 (ALI vs. apigenin20). Estimating the correlation and 95% confidence intervals for the inflammatory agents and oxidative stress in the intervention group (ALI), compared with that in the control group, respectively (correlation: 0.194; 95% confidence intervals, 0.101–0.282, p value =.001, z-value= 4.08) and (correlation: 0.099; 95% confidence intervals, 0.016–0.182, p value =.020, z value= 2.325). Estimating the correlation and 95% confidence intervals for the inflammatory agents and oxidative stress in the intervention group (apigenin 10 mg/kg), compared with that in the control group (ALI), respectively (correlation: 0.476; 95% confidence intervals, 0.391–0.553, p value =.001, z-value= 9.678) and (correlation: 0.415; 95% confidence intervals, 0.313–0.508, p value=.001, z-value= 7.349). Apigenin may have potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in rat models of ALI. However, the efficacy of apigenin as a therapeutic strategy requires further investigation through prospective controlled randomized trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women in their reproductive years. Emerging evidence suggests that the maternal-fetal immune system is crucial for proper pregnancy. However, whether immune function is altered at the end of pregnancy in PCOS women and the underlying molecular mechanisms is currently unexplored. Herein, the basic maternal immune system was investigated (n = 136 in the control group; n = 103 in the PCOS group), and whole-transcriptome sequencing was carried out to quantify the mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs expression levels in fetal side placental tissue of women with PCOS. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analysis were employed for functional enrichment analysis. The process of identifying hub genes was conducted utilizing the protein-protein interaction network. CIBERSORT and Connectivity Map were deployed to determine immune cell infiltration and predict potential drugs, respectively. A network of mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA was constructed and then validated by qRT-PCR. First, red blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin were significantly elevated, while placental growth factor was hindered in PCOS women. We identified 308 DEmRNAs, 77 DEmiRNAs, and 332 DElncRNAs in PCOS samples. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that there were significant changes observed in terms of the immune system, especially the chemokine pathway. Eight genes, including FOS, JUN, EGR1, CXCL10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCL11, and CXCL8, were considered as hub genes. Furthermore, the degree of infiltration of neutrophils was dramatically decreased in PCOS tissues. In total, 57 ceRNA events were finally obtained, and immune-related ceRNA networks were validated. Some potential drug candidates, such as enalapril and RS-100329, could have a function in PCOS therapy. This study represents the inaugural attempt to evaluate the immune system at the end of pregnancy and placental ceRNA networks in PCOS, indicating alterations in the chemokine pathway, which may impact fetal and placental growth, and provides new therapy targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has achieved some results in distributed generation networks and enhanced system stability. For problems that may occur in the system due to ignoring parameter linkages, this paper designs a synergistic controller that establishes the connection between the active frequency and the reactive voltage control loop based on synergy theory. As the output of the synergetic controller, the derived control law u is added to the power frequency control in the form of negative feedback. Two disturbance forms, a step disturbance, and a three-phase short-circuit fault, are set up. The conventional droop control and synergetic droop control results are compared using a MATLAB simulation system. Then, the system parameter variations were studied and analyzed, and the sensitivity of the control system with different values of parameters K1, K2, and K3 in the case of a three-phase short circuit was analyzed, which provides a reference guide for selecting parameters in later control optimization. Finally, the control effectiveness of a multi-machine VSG system was tested. The simulation results show that the proposed method has a pronounced effect on making the system stabilize quickly, which illustrates the effectiveness of this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address China's small coal power units facing shutdown and retirement, which urgently need life cycle extension and renovation, a complete solar thermal storage simulation power generation system based on the original site of a decommissioned thermal power unit is developed using Ebsilon software in this study. The operational characteristics of the simulated system are studied in depth to build a system with integrity and stability that can carry out economic and stable power production. The results of simulation tests on the solar collector system and the thermal storage subsystem show that the energy storage rate of the energy storage subsystem is affected by light intensity and significantly increases at approximately 8:00 a.m. The annual power generation capacity of the system is influenced by the energy storage hours set by the energy storage subsystem, and the annual power generation capacity increases more significantly when the energy storage hours are controlled within the range of 5–8 h. The operating efficiency of the corresponding subsystem can be improved by selecting a suitable location for the light intensity required and controlling the effective reflectivity of the mirror field and the energy storage hours, which can ensure the system's stable operation. The research results provide theoretical guidance for reusing and transforming retired thermal power units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biology describes a process by which proteins form membraneless condensates within a cellular compartment when conditions are met, including the concentration and posttranslational modifications of the protein components, the condition of the aqueous solution (pH, ionic strength, pressure, and temperature), and the existence of assisting factors (such as RNAs or other proteins). In these supramolecular liquid droplet-like inclusion bodies, molecules are held together through weak intermolecular and/or intramolecular interactions. With the aid of LLPS, cells can assemble functional sub-units within a given cellular compartment by enriching or excluding specific factors, modulating cellular function, and rapidly responding to environmental or physiological cues. Hence, LLPS is emerging as an important means to regulate biology and physiology. Yet, excessive inclusion body formation by, for instance, higher-than-normal concentrations or mutant forms of the protein components could result in the conversion from dynamic liquid condensates into more rigid gel- or solid-like aggregates, leading to the disruption of the organelle's function followed by the development of human disorders like neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, well-controlled formation and de-formation of LLPS is critical for normal biology and physiology from single cells to individual organisms, whereas abnormal LLPS is involved in the pathophysiology of human diseases. In turn, targeting these aggregates or their formation represents a promising approach in treating diseases driven by abnormal LLPS including those neurodegenerative diseases that lack effective therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is the polypeptide, which protects the organism avoiding attack from pathogenic bacteria. Studies have shown that there were some antimicrobial peptides with molecular action mechanism involved in crossing the cell membrane without inducing severe membrane collapse, then interacting with cytoplasmic target-nucleic acid, and exerting antibacterial activity by interfacing the transmission of genetic information of pathogenic microorganisms. However, the relationship between the antibacterial activities and peptide structures was still unclear. Therefore, in the present work, a series of AMPs with a sequence of 20 amino acids was extracted from DBAASP database, then, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods were conducted on these peptides. In addition, novel antimicrobial peptides with stronger antimicrobial activities were designed according to the information originated from the constructed models. Hence, the outcome of this study would lay a solid foundation for the in-silico design and exploration of novel antibacterial peptides with improved activity activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), traditionally used for analyzing larger molecules, faces challenges with low molecular weight (LMW) compounds (m/z < 500) due to matrix interference in the lower mass range. Significant advancements have been made to enhance MALDI-MSI's efficacy for LMW compounds by either diminishing interferences or augmenting ionization efficiency. These advancements cover the entire MALDI-MSI workflow, including matrix selection, tissue preparation, matrix application, and MS detection. Notably, these strategies incorporate the use of ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, innovative matrices, on-tissue derivatization protocols, mass-shifting agents, and surface-assisted laser desorption ionization techniques. Despite these developments, existing literature reviews tend to narrow their focus on particular facets, thus not fully encapsulating the breadth of these innovations. This review aims to provide an exhaustive synthesis of recent progress in methodologies for MALDI-MSI of LMW compounds, filling a critical gap in the current scientific discourse. • Review of strategies to enhance MALDI imaging for LMW compounds. • High-resolution/tandem MS effectively identifies analyte signals from interferences. • New matrices/additives can reduce interferences and boost ionization. • Derivatization boosts ionization and shifts analytes to less-interfered regions. • Tissue preparation enhances signal clarity by removing undesired compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Polyphenolic compounds were used to form Fenton-like reaction systems. • Hydrogels prepared using Fenton-like reaction have excellent overall properties. • The drug release amount in transdermal drug-delivery is up to 22.32%. • Hydrogels are promising transdermal drug-delivery motion-sensing materials. External injuries that restrict movement require hydrogel sensors capable of delivering drugs to the corresponding skin for therapy and concurrently motion monitoring to assist in restoring motor function. In this study, we incorporated gallic acid (GA)-Fe3+–H 2 O 2 Fenton-like dynamic redox autocatalysis into hydrogels to generate significant quantities of hydroxyl radicals and accelerate gelation times (to seconds). The synthesized GA-Fe3+/ polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogels possess copious hydrogen and metal-coordination bonds due to the incorporation of GA and Fe3+, imparting self-healing capabilities and antibacterial properties in addition to a maximum tensile strength of 50.37 kPa, a self-adhesive strength of 17.53 kPa, 100 % UV resistance, and a conductivity of 1.401 S m−1. Hydrogels employed in wearable-sensing application exhibit high sensitivities, repeatabilities, and rapid response properties, enabling precise monitoring of human movement. Additionally, drug-loaded hydrogels exhibited up to 22.31 % drug release during 1 h of transdermal drug delivery. A significant reduction in drug release during transdermal experiments with drug-loaded hydrogels following motion stretching indicates that the drug had been successfully released during tensile sensing testing. Consequently, this autocatalytic system presents promising prospects for developing hydrogels suitable to transdermal drug-delivery motion-sensing for movement recovery caused by external injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the change and control mechanism of coal adsorption behavior under supercritical CO 2 (SC–CO 2), the changes in coal composition, structure and adsorption of coals before and after SC-CO 2 action were addressed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption instrument and calorimeter. The influence of changes in coal composition and structure on its adsorption was quantitatively analyzed by grey correlation analysis. The results show that the effect of SC-CO 2 fluid treatment is proportional to the degree of coal damage. After SC-CO 2 treatment, the integral adsorption heat of CO 2 changes from −11.10 J/g to 13.744J/g, and the microcrystalline structure parameters and inorganic components in coal have the greatest influence on it. At the same time, it is also affected by temperature and pressure. With the increase of microcrystalline structure parameters d 002 , La and Lc, the integral adsorption heat of the samples showed a 'V' trend, and the increasing trend was the same as the decreasing trend of ash yield. On the whole, SC-CO 2 fluid treatment enhances the adsorption of gas by coal samples to a certain extent. • The SC-CO 2 fluid treatment enhances the gas adsorption of coal samples. • Microcrystalline structure parameters have the greatest influence on coal adsorption. • The effect of SC-CO 2 is proportional to the degree of coal deformation. • The ash content is consistent with the change trend of CO 2 integral adsorption heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Redox-driven ultrafast free-radical polymerization process. • Gelation in a time scale of seconds at ambient temperature. • LS and CNC significantly enhance the mechanical robustness of hydrogel electrolytes. • The hydrogel electrolytes endow the high t zn 2+ and ionic conductivity. • The hydrogel electrolytes suppress Zn dendrites and interfacial side reactions. Hydrogel electrolytes with high intrinsic toughness and ionic conductivity are considered essential for realising flexible energy storage. Polyzwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes typically exhibit excellent ionic transference number and conductivity because of their distinct rapid anionic and cationic channels, thereby achieving superior ionic transport kinetics. This paper presents an ultrafast autocatalytic gelation process, which can produce a self-adhesive hydrogel electrolyte (PAD@SC) via copolymerization of vinyl monomer acrylic acid and zwitterionic monomer sulfobetaine in a time scale of seconds instead of hours at room temperature (approximately 20 °C). The incorporation of bio-based functional enhancement components, namely, sodium lignosulfonate and nanocellulose, into the hydrogel precursor solution facilitated the reconstruction of noncovalent hydrogen bond networks within the hydrogel, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties. Moreover, the PAD@SC hydrogel electrolyte prepared using this autocatalytic system can effectively inhibit the growth of Zn dendrites to realize a stable Zn anode. The assembled PAD@SC-based flexible Zn-ion capacitors possess high specific capacitance (85.4 mAh g−1), rate performance, and cycling stability (10000 cycles at 5 A g−1), indicating remarkable potential for practical application in flexible power supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional ELISA methods have been widely used for disease diagnosis, yet the sensitivity and accuracy are still to be improved. Based on our label-free AuNPs-mediated plasmonic sensor, we developed an ultrasensitive plasmonic ELISA by integrating the plasmonic sensor and cascade amplification. In principle, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-conjugated antibodies captured targets, and the ALP hydrolyzed 2-phospho-ascorbic acid (AA2P) into ascorbic acid (AA). Then, the released AA changed Fe3+ into Fe2+, which further triggered Fe2+-catalyzed H 2 O 2 -preventing aggregation of AuNPs by oxidizing Cysteine (FeHOAuC). Finally, the target content was negatively related with the AuNPs aggregation and the subsequent color variation. As a proof-of-concept, this novel plasmonic ELISA exhibited an ultralow LOD (0.1 ng/mL, around 4.4 pM) and a detection range (0.25–8.0 ng/mL) on detecting neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) within 120 min. The sensitivity was superior to those of conventional ELISA and plasmonic ELISA. In summary, our study provided a novel and sensitive plasmonic ELISA for proteinic biomarker diagnosis. [Display omitted] • A label-free plasmonic ELISA was fabricated by cysteine-induced AuNPs clustering. • The detection was triply amplified by enzymatic catalysis and our nanosensor platform. • The plasmonic ELISA specifically sensed proteins with an ultralow LOD (4.4 pM). • The plasmonic ELISA was feasible to detect NGAL for serum sample of disease mouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is at present an acute need for the construction of biopolymer-based smart packaging material that can be applied for the real-time visual monitoring of food freshness. Herein, a nano-sized substituted imidazolate material (SIM-1) with ammonia-sensitive and antibacterial ability was effectively manufactured and then anchored within corn starch/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) blend to construct biopolymeric smart active packaging material. The structure, physical and functional performances of CS/PVA-based films with different content of SIM-1 (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt% on CS/PVA basis) were then explored in detail. Results revealed that the incorporated SIM-1 nanocrystals were equally anchored within the CS/PVA matrix owing to the establishment of potent hydrogen-bonding interactions, which produced an obvious improvement in the compatibility of CS/PVA blend film, as well as its mechanical strength, water/oxygen barrier and UV-screening performances. The constructed CS/PVA/SIM-1 blend films further demonstrated superior long-term color stability property, ammonia-sensitive and antibacterial functions. Furthermore, the CS/PVA/SIM-1 blend films were utilized for effectively monitoring the deterioration of shrimp via observable color alteration. The above findings suggested the potential applications of CS/PVA/SIM-1 blend films in smart active packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium/High entropy alloys (M/HEAs) based on the FeCoNi system have gained significant attention due to their outstanding magnetic and electrical properties. In this study, the FeCoNiZr x (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) MEA films were prepared using the magnetron sputtering method. The effect of Zr on the structure and soft magnetic properties is studied. As the Zr content increases, the films transform from the face-centered cubic (FCC) phase to the amorphous phase. This study shows that FeCoNiZr 0.4 film exhibits excellent combined properties, including a high magnetization saturation (Ms) of 1127.8 emu/cm3, a minimum coercivity (Hc) of 0.96 Oe, and a high resistivity of 147 μΩ·cm, which is superior to the Permalloy and soft magnetic materials reported in other articles. Combined structural analyses show that the FeCoNiZr 0.4 film has the finest particle size, amorphous structure, and continuous and uniform magnetic domains, decreasing the pinning effect on magnetic domains. These results enhance the magnetic properties of FeCoNiZr 0.4 film. • The soft magnetic FeCoNiZr x medium entropy alloy films were developed. • The Zr lead to the transition from FCC phase to amorphous in the FeCoNiZr x films. • The formation mechanism of the amorphous films was analyzed by the AIMD simulation. • The FeCoNiZr 0.4 amorphous film showed the best comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the adsorption of gas molecules onto complex materials. We explore the mapping of the traditional soft-core lattice gas model to the Blume–Capel model, investigating the phase transition and critical phenomena of the Blume–Capel model on complex networks. Additionally, we discuss the impact of cross rewiring links on the network structure. Through Monte Carlo simulation, we obtain thermodynamic properties of different network structures and determine the critical temperatures of these quantities via finite-size analysis. The results reveal the following. As the control parameter r increases, the transition temperature increases. With an increase in the crystal field strength, the transition temperature decreases. Tri-critical phenomena are observed at various control parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, a new wave of scientific and technological advancements has significantly reshaped the global economic structure. This shift has redefined the role of regional innovation, particularly in its contribution to developing the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area (GBA) into a renowned center for science, technology, and innovation. This study constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for the Regional Innovation Ecosystem (RIE). By applying the coupling coordination degree model and social network analysis, we have extensively analyzed the spatial structure and network attributes of the coupled and coordinated innovation ecosystem in the GBA from 2010 to 2019. Our findings reveal several key developments: (1) There has been a noticeable rightward shift in the kernel density curve, indicating an ongoing optimization of the overall coupling coordination level. Notably, the center of gravity for coupling coordination has progressively moved southeast. This shift has led to a reduction in the elliptical area each year, while the trend surface consistently shows a convex orientation toward the center. The most significant development is observed along the 'Guangdong–Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Macao Science and Technology Innovation Corridor', where the level of coupling coordination has become increasingly pronounced. (2) The spatial linkages within the GBA have been strengthening. There are significant spatial transaction costs in the regional innovation ecological network. In the context of the 2019 US-China trade war, the cities of Jiangmen and Zhaoqing experienced a notable decrease in connectivity with other cities, raising concerns about their potential marginalization. (3) Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong have emerged as core nodes within the network. The network exhibits a distinctive "core–edge" spatial structure, characterized by both robustness and vulnerability in various aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen storage is indeed fundamental to utilizing H 2 effectively, and porous carbon materials have emerged as highly promising supports for this purpose. γ-Graphyne (γGy) possesses abundant chemical bonds, considerable porosity, and exceptional chemical stability, positioning it as a promising candidate for hydrogen storage and transport applications. In this study, we conducted density functional theory calculations to investigate the potential of Li- and Na-loaded γGy as hydrogen storage materials. Our findings reveal that the hydrogen storage capacity (HSC) of Na-loaded γGy falls significantly short of expectations, whereas Li-loaded γGy demonstrates a notably higher HSC. Subsequently, our calculations indicate that B-doping of γGy does not promote favorable HSC, whereas N-doping exhibits a beneficial effect. Furthermore, we observed that tensile strain favors the hydrogen storage properties of 4Li@γGy and 4Li@N-γGy, while compressive strain enhances the hydrogen storage characteristics of 4Li@B-γGy. Notably, we discovered the capacity to adjust the valence band center of Li (ɛ VB), consequently influencing the hydrogen storage performance of γGy. Our investigation suggests that increased overlap between ɛ VB in Li-loaded graphyne and the effective alignment of H 2 and the supporting structure augments the binding force between Li and H 2 , thereby amplifying the HSC. [Display omitted] • Li-loaded γ-Graphyne stores H 2 via Valence-like interaction. • B- and N-doping can enhance storage capacity of Li-loaded γ-Graphyne. • Valence band center of Li tuned by strain achieve efficient adsorption-desorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the digital information era, the impact of "The Internet Plus," "Big Data," and other technologies on urban social development has been far beyond any preceding era, under the influence of information technology, urban agglomeration space exhibits a new layout. Based on the search engine data of eleven cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 2012 to 2021, this research constructs the inter-city information network strength linkage matrix to examine the evolution characteristics of city network structure and its driving causes. The results reveal that (1) the overall information linkage strength exhibits a pattern of steadily growing the radiating effect from the leading cities of Guangdong, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong to the surrounding cities, and a closer and more balanced information linkage network is gradually built. (2) Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area information linkage absolute control advantage, four cities Foshan, Dongguan, Zhuhai, Macao regional hub position steadily highlighted. The entire information connection network of the urban agglomerations tends to be flat and polycentric at the same time. (3) The regional core-edge hierarchy is well established, with the four cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong creating a northwest-southeast orientation. The core metropolis regions of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao in the Greater Bay Area increasingly exert a radiation spreading effect to the northeast and southwest. (4) The urban economy, transportation distance, and information infrastructure have substantial effects on the information connection intensity network of urban clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of highly efficient perovskite solar cells, spiro‐OMeTAD has demonstrated recorded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), however, the stability issue remains one of the bottlenecks constraining its commercial development. In this study, we successfully synthesize a novel self‐polymerized spiro‐type interfacial molecule, termed v‐spiro. The linearly arranged molecule exhibits stronger intermolecular interactions and higher intrinsic hole mobility compared to spiro‐OMeTAD. Importantly, the vinyl groups in v‐spiro enable in situ polymerization, forming a polymeric protective layer on the perovskite film surface, which proves highly effective in suppressing moisture degradation and ion migration. Utilizing these advantages, poly‐v‐spiro‐based device achieves an outstanding efficiency of 24.54 %, with an enhanced open‐circuit voltage of 1.173 V and a fill factor of 81.11 %, owing to the reduced defect density, energy level alignment and efficient interfacial hole extraction. Furthermore, the operational stability of unencapsulated devices is significantly enhanced, maintaining initial efficiencies above 90 % even after 2000 hours under approximately 60 % humidity or 1250 hours under continuous AM 1.5G sunlight exposure. This work presents a comprehensive approach to achieving both high efficiency and long‐term stability in PSCs through innovative interfacial design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of highly efficient perovskite solar cells, spiro‐OMeTAD has demonstrated recorded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), however, the stability issue remains one of the bottlenecks constraining its commercial development. In this study, we successfully synthesize a novel self‐polymerized spiro‐type interfacial molecule, termed v‐spiro. The linearly arranged molecule exhibits stronger intermolecular interactions and higher intrinsic hole mobility compared to spiro‐OMeTAD. Importantly, the vinyl groups in v‐spiro enable in situ polymerization, forming a polymeric protective layer on the perovskite film surface, which proves highly effective in suppressing moisture degradation and ion migration. Utilizing these advantages, poly‐v‐spiro‐based device achieves an outstanding efficiency of 24.54 %, with an enhanced open‐circuit voltage of 1.173 V and a fill factor of 81.11 %, owing to the reduced defect density, energy level alignment and efficient interfacial hole extraction. Furthermore, the operational stability of unencapsulated devices is significantly enhanced, maintaining initial efficiencies above 90 % even after 2000 hours under approximately 60 % humidity or 1250 hours under continuous AM 1.5G sunlight exposure. This work presents a comprehensive approach to achieving both high efficiency and long‐term stability in PSCs through innovative interfacial design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial engineering of perovskite films has been the main strategies in improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, three new donor‐acceptor (D–A)‐type interfacial dipole (DAID) molecules with hole‐transporting and different anchoring units are designed and employed in PSCs. The formation of interface dipoles by the DAID molecules on the perovskite film can efficiently modulate the energy level alignment, improve charge extraction, and reduce non‐radiative recombination. Among the three DAID molecules, TPA‐BAM with amide group exhibits the best chemical and optoelectrical properties, achieving a champion PCE of 25.29 % with the enhanced open‐circuit voltage of 1.174 V and fill factor of 84.34 %, due to the reduced defect density and improved interfacial hole extraction. Meanwhile, the operational stability of the unencapsulated device has been significantly improved. Our study provides a prospect for rationalized screening of interfacial dipole materials for efficient and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A peptides-calcium-VD 3 ternary delivery system (CSPH-Ca-VD 3) was prepared self-assembly. • Hydrophobic interaction was determined to be the major driving force. • CSPH-Ca-VD 3 synchronously prevented acid degradation of VD 3 and improved calcium solubility. • CSPH-Ca-VD 3 promoted calcium transcellular transport through TRPV6 channel. A self-assembled peptides-calcium-Vitamin D 3 ternary delivery system (CSPH-Ca-VD 3) was prepared to investigate the promotion of cellular calcium transport. The constructed CSPH-Ca-VD 3 nanocomplex exhibited a spherical structure with a size of 135.2 ± 10.2 nm. Based on the thermodynamic calculation of fluorescent spectra, hydrophobic interaction was shown as the major driving force for this nanocomplex structure. CSPH-Ca-VD 3 nanocomplex possessed excellent stability during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, contributing to the prevention of acid degradation of VD 3 and the enhancement of calcium solubility. Furthermore, the calcium transport efficiency in the form of CSPH-Ca-VD 3 (4 mg/mL) across a Caco-2 cells monolayer was significantly increased 2.3-fold compared to that of free Ca2+, mainly attributed to the upregulation in the presence of CSPH-Ca-VD 3 of TRPV6, calbindin D9k and PMCA1b expression in Caco-2 cells. The present study provided a basis for developing a novel delivery system of peptides-calcium chelate with the dual effects of VD 3 protection and calcium uptake promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell cancer in the bone marrow. Immunomodulatory drugs, such as lenalidomide (LEN) and pomalidomide, are backbone agents in MM treatment, and LEN resistance is commonly seen in the MM clinic. In this study, we presented that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) affected MM resistance to LEN via the regulation of target mRNA translation. hnRNPULow MM cells exhibited upregulated CRBN and IKZF1 proteins, stringent IKZF1/3 protein degradation upon LEN addition and increased sensitivity to LEN. RNA pulldown assays and RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that hnRNPU bound to the 3′‐untranslated region of CRBN and IKZF1 mRNA. A sucrose gradient assay suggested that hnRNPU specifically regulated CRBN and IKZF1 mRNA translation. The competition of hnRNPU binding to its target mRNAs by small RNAs with hnRNPU‐binding sites restored MM sensitivity to LEN. hnRNPU function in vivo was confirmed in an immunocompetent MM mouse model constructed by the inoculation of Crbn‐humanized murine 5TGM1 cells into CrbnI391V/+ mice. Overall, this study suggests a novel mechanism of LEN sensitivity in which hnRNPU represses CRBN and IKZF1 mRNA translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalates (PAEs), a group of environmental endocrine disruptors, are associated with oxidative stress and have adverse effects on female ovarian reserves. However, this association has been poorly investigated, particularly with respect to clinical evidence. In this study, we provided clinical evidence of a relationship between exposure levels of PAEs, oxidative stress and decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). Firstly, the urinary concentrations of metabolites of PAEs were measured by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and the biomarkers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), were determined. Finally, statistical analyses were conducted to describe the relationship between the PAEs exposure, oxidative stress and DOR. We found that the levels of monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) in the DOR group were significantly higher than those in the control group. There was a significant negative association between AMH and MMP, MiBP levels. and a significant positive association between FSH and MMP levels. PAEs exposure was also associated with a significant increase in MDA levels and decrease in SOD levels. In conclusion, the exposure of PAEs was closely associated with DOR, potentially mediated by oxidative stress pathways; however, small sample size was a limitation in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mammals, thick axonal calibers wrapped with heavy myelin sheaths are prevalent in the auditory nervous system. These features are crucial for fast traveling of nerve impulses with minimal attenuation required for sound signal transmission. In particular, the long-range projections from the cochlear nucleus – the axons of globular bush cells (GBCs) – to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) are tonotopically organized. However, it remains controversial in gerbils and mice whether structural and functional adaptations are present among the GBC axons targeting different MNTB frequency regions. By means of high-throughput volume electron microscopy, we compared the GBC axons in full-tonotopy-ranged MNTB slices from the C57BL/6 mice at different ages. Our quantification reveals distinct caliber diameter and myelin profile of the GBC axons with endings at lateral and medial MNTB, arguing for modulation of functionally heterogeneous axon subgroups. In addition, we reported axon-specific differences in axon caliber, node of Ranvier, and myelin sheath among juvenile, adult, and old mice, indicating the age-related changes of GBC axon morphology over time. These findings provide structural insight into the maturation and degeneration of GBC axons with frequency tuning across the lifespan of mice. [Display omitted] • This study presented a volume EM reconstruction of whole-frequency MNTB in mice. • It revealed distinct caliber diameter and myelin profile of HF and LF-GBC axons. • Changes of Ranvier's node, internode and myelin from GBC axons occur in adult mice. • Diameter of Ranvier's nodes and internodes changes during development and aging. • Myelin thickness of GBC axons increases during development and aging process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane separation plays a crucial role in the current increasingly complex energy environment. Membranes prepared by metal–organic framework (MOF) materials usually possess unique advantages in common, such as uniform pore size, ultra‐high porosity, enhanced selectivity and throughput, and excellent adsorption property, which have been contributed to the separation fields. In this comprehensive review, we summarize various designs and synthesized strategies of free‐standing MOF and composite MOF‐based membranes for water treatment. Special emphases are given not only on the effects of MOF on membrane performance, removal efficiencies, and elimination mechanisms, but also on the importance of MOF‐based membranes for the applications of oily and micro‐pollutant removal, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. The challenges and opportunities in the future for the industrial implementation of MOF‐based membranes are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To apply AquaCrop to the study of agricultural soil moisture in the North China Plain, a water-treatment experiment on summer maize was carried out at the Fengqiu experimental station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 2017 to 2018. A water treatment was used to achieve field water capacities of 20 (W1), 40 (W2), and 60 (W3) cm soil layers under irrigation, and a rain-fed treatment (W0) was added. The model parameters were calibrated using the measured data in 2017. Then, they were applied to 2018 to verify the ability of the model to simulate water stress. The results showed that the variation trends for crop yield, canopy coverage, total soil water content, and the curve in the growth cycle simulated via AquaCrop were consistent with the actual observations; the results of a discrete analysis showed that the values of b (regression coefficient), R2 (determination coefficient), and EF (efficiency) were close to 1, and the values of the RMSE (root mean square error) were close to 0, which proved that the model could simulate dynamic changes in summer maize yield, canopy coverage, and total soil water content well. AquaCrop had good applicability in the North China Plain and could be applied to the study of agricultural water consumption and water-use efficiency in this area. The simulated values obtained can serve as an easily obtainable source of long-term experimental data in areas with frequent non-extreme weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B 4 C 12 achieves a rapid and stable CO 2 adsorption with a novel η3(O, C, O)-CO 2 configuration, and a small limiting potential for CO2RR producing HCOOH associating with suppressed HER. [Display omitted] The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (CO2RR) to formic acid (HCOOH) is a promising approach to harness renewable energy for the production of value-added chemicals and contribute to carbon cycling. The search for cost-effective and efficient metal-free electrocatalysts is critical for realizing industrial applications. However, limited literature is available on this topic, primarily because the significant challenge of efficiently activating inert CO 2 remains unresolved. In this study, we have designed and applied a novel boron carbide (B 4 C 12) monolayered cage as an electrocatalyst for CO2RR to produce HCOOH. B 4 C 12 exhibits exceptional electronic, dynamic, and thermodynamic stability. Through comprehensive density functional theory computations, we have observed that B 4 C 12 rapidly and stably adsorbs CO 2 in a unique η3(O, C, O)-CO 2 configuration, resulting in excellent CO2RR activity with a low limiting potential (–0.38 V) and suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction. Our mechanistic investigations reveal that B 4 C 12 donates electrons to facilitate the bending of CO 2 , anchoring it onto the curved surface effectively. Additionally, the C atom in the η3(O, C, O)-CO 2 configuration attracts H+ + e− pairs through its active p electron, leading to the observed low limiting potential. This study not only successfully designs a novel class of metal-free electrocatalysts but also provides a promising strategy for advancing CO2RR research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressure pulsation in the turbine draft tube causes vibration and active oscillation in the unit, which is a technical limitation that restricts the allowable area of unit operation. In this paper, the effect of pressure pulsation is taken into account in the turbine, a complete Simulink model of the hydropower unit is constructed, and the impact of pressure pulsation parameters on the active oscillation of the unit is investigated. Using the design concept of GPSS and combining it with fuzzy control, an F-GPSS is designed to reduce active power oscillation caused by pressure pulsation. Further, the parameters of F-GPSS are optimized by applying an improved salp swarm algorithm (ISSA) to enhance the effectiveness of F-GPSS in suppressing active oscillations. Simulation studies show that ISSA-F-GPSS can effectively suppress the active oscillations induced by pressure pulsation, and the control strategy also has good suppression for other types of active oscillations, indicating that the controller has good adaptability. This work can be applied to power production operations to facilitate a better understanding of the oscillation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiAlMoNbWSi x (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) HEA films were deposited by magnetron co-sputtering technology to enhance the wear and high-temperature corrosion resistance of the copper. The structure of films was regulated by changing the content of Si to improve the comprehensive properties. The lattice distortion and negative mixing enthalpy change caused by the introduction of Si transformed the film from BCC structure to amorphous. With the increase of Si content, the wear resistance and the oxidation resistance were effectively improved. The characteristic delayed diffusion effect of HEA film allowed all the TiAlMoNbWSi x films to successfully block the diffusion between Zn and Cu. • The transformation of TiAlMoNbWSi x film structure with variation of Si content was interpreted. • The solution of Si enhances the high-temperature oxidation resistance of TiAlMoNbWSi x film. • Si changes the abrasion mechanism and improves the wear resistance of TiAlMoNbWSi x film. • The relationship of the "microstructure-mechanical properties" and "microstructure-high temperature resistance" is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Carbon nitride (C x N y) materials have garnered attention due to their high potential for usage in photoelectric catalysis, fuel cells, and electronic devices. Meanwhile, carbon nitride nanotubes (C x N y NTs) are viable contenders for various applications. Thus far, the majority of research on C x N y NTs has centered around the zigzag and armchair-like C x N y NTs, while rather little on chiral nanotubes. To comprehensively understand chiral C x N y NTs, a range of C x N y NTs with (n ,0), (n , n) and chiral (n , m) were created, including C 3 N 4 NTs, g-C 3 N 4 NTs, C 3 NNTs, g-CNNTs, and C 2 NNTs. Density functional tight binding calculations demonstrates that all C 3 N 4 NTs, g-C 3 N 4 NTs and g-CNNTs are semiconductors with exceedingly high band gap (E g) values (>2.5 eV), while C 2 NNTs and C 3 NNTs display moderate band gaps (<2.0 eV). Meanwhile, the bandgap of C 3 NNTs shows chirality dependent behavior. On the contrary, both g-CNNTs and C 2 NNTs show strong dependent bandgap behaviors on tube's diameter, rather than chirality. This study's findings on regulating the band gap of C x N y NTs could inspire new approaches for generating C x N y -based semiconductor materials and wide band gap semiconductor materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An enrofloxacin detection method based on G-quadruplex structure-switching aptamer have been constructed for the first time. • The novel G-quadruplex structure-switching aptamer retains high affinity and strong specificity for the target. • The detection method has the advantage of sensitivity and a broad detection range. • This proposed sensor was successfully achieved the quantitative analysis of enrofloxacin in various food and environmental samples. Enrofloxacin (ENR) is widely used in the prevention and treatment of animal infectious diseases, so it is necessary to strengthen the residue detection of this drug in animal-derived food and water environments. In this work, for the first time, we engineered assembly a split ENR aptamer into the G-quadruplex (G4) region to form a new aptamer (G4-ENRA) that provides a more sensitive signal-reporting function while retaining target-specific recognition ability of the aptamer. This rational design effectively overcomes the issue of difficulty in identification probe development. Under the optimized conditions, a response range of 0.05–20 µM and limit of detection of 26.7 nM were obtained by directly detecting fluorescence signals, displaying a comparative advantage over the previously reported methods. Moreover, this method demonstrated satisfactory performance for the ENR detection in various real food and environmental samples, with the detection recoveries ranging from 95.87 % to 104.36 %, illustrating promising applicability prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystem stability is a multifaceted and complex concept. Understanding the distribution pattern of multidimensional ecosystem stability and its drivers is essential for sustainability. However, the understanding of both the scale dependence and the interaction among different levels of drivers is limited. In this study, the evaluation framework for the multidimensional stability of ecosystems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) was constructed by fitting Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to temperature, precipitation, and other meteorological factors from the background characteristics and dynamic change process of ecosystems, and utilizing Auto-Regression (ARx) as well as correlation analysis. Consequently, a hierarchical linear model (HLM) was utilized to assess the impact of natural elements at the basin level and socioeconomic elements at the prefecture level on stability under scale effects and interactions. The results showed that the spatial stability of YREB was higher in the southeast and exhibited a discontinuous distribution in the southwest. The ecosystem multidimensional stability score was the first in the Qiantang River Basin (SI = 0.2586), and the lowest score was in the Taihu Lake Basin (SI = 0.14). In addition, natural and socio-economic factors promoted ecosystem stability to different degrees and along different directions, and the scale dependence of drivers at different levels must be considered. At the basin level, increased soil organic carbon content led to increased stability, while the expansion of farmland and built-up land led to a decrease in stability. At the prefecture level, the population dominated the decrease in stability. Nesting the two scales, demographic and economic factors mainly control stability through their influence on land use, particularly farmland and forestland. Overall, understanding multi-level, multi-scale, and multi-indicator drivers is crucial for strengthening ecological protection in the YREB and controlling the farmland expansion and the urbanization rate growth to maintain the ecosystem stability. [Display omitted] • The ecosystem multidimensional stability was quantified using remote sensing data. • Economic factors mainly directly affected stability change at prefecture level. • The influence of basin scale factors was affected by prefecture scale factors. • HLM can effectively show the dynamic interaction between different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the "United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration", optimizing spatiotemporal arrangements for ecological restoration is an important approach to enhancing overall socioecological benefits for sustainable development. However, against the background of ecological degradation caused by the human use of most natural resources at levels that have approached or exceeded the safe and sustainable boundaries of ecosystems, it is key to explain how to optimize ecological restoration by classified management and optimal total benefits. In response to these issues, we combined spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics at the national scale in China to construct five ecological performance regimes defined by indicators that use planetary boundaries and ecological pressures which served as the basis for prioritizing ecological restoration areas and implementing zoning control. By integrating habitat conservation, biodiversity, water supply, and restoration cost constraints, seven ecological restoration scenarios were simulated to optimize the spatial layout of ecological restoration projects (ERPs). The results indicated that the provinces with unsustainable freshwater use, climate change, and land use accounted for more than 25%, 66.7%, and 25%, respectively, of the total area. Only 30% of the provinces experienced a decrease in environmental pressure. Based on the ecological performance regimes, ERP sites spanning the past 20 years were identified, and more than 50% of the priority areas were clustered in regime areas with increased ecological stress. As the restoration area targets doubled (40%) from the baseline (20%), a multi-objective scenario presents a trade-off between expanded ERPs in areas with highly beneficial effects and minimal restoration costs. In conclusion, a reasonable classification and management regime is the basis for targeted restoration. Coordinating multiple objectives and costs in ecological restoration is the key to maximizing socio-ecological benefits. Our study offered new perspectives on systematic and sustainable planning for ecological restoration. • Planetary boundaries were used for ecological restoration zoning control. • China's ecological sustainability level showed a south-high and north-low pattern. • Over 50% of the restoration priority areas were concentrated in the north-west. • Multi-objective scenarios presented trade-offs between benefits and costs. • Ecological restoration is optimized through classification and Zonation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a common endocrine disease in reproductive-age women, which is characterized by both reproductive and metabolic disorders. Cang-Fu-Dao-Tan Formula (CFDTF) is an effective and relatively safe treatment for PCOS. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. To explore the effective compounds and mechanisms of CFDTF in treating PCOS based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology and molecular experiments. The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS and TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction databases were used to identify the active ingredients of CFDTF. Then GeneCards, Disgenet, Drugbank databases were used to obtain the PCOS related targets. Based above, the Drug-component-target (D-C-T) network and protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network were built to analysis the key targets. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed to find the potential mechanisms. Finally, molecular docking analysis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and molecular experiments were used to confirm the interactions among the active compounds, targets and explore the potential mechanisms. A total of 20 compounds were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, and 136 active compounds by TCMSP from CFDTF. After removing the duplicate results, there were 370 targets related to both CFDTF and PCOS, among which, MAPK3, AKT1, RELA, EGF, TP53 and MYC were proved to have high interactions with the components. The mechanisms of CFDTF against PCOS were related to PI3K-Akt, mTOR, MAPK signaling pathways, and the in vitro experiments proved that the CFDTF positively regulated the cell proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis levels in PCOS cell model. The combination of UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS, systematic network pharmacology and molecular experiments identified that the quercetin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin disaccharide are the TOP 3 effective compounds of CFDTF in treating PCOS and the potential mechanisms may involve in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells. • Cang-Fu-Dao-Tan Formula (CFDTF) is an effective and relatively safe treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). • The quercetin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin disaccharide are the TOP 3 effective compounds of CFDTF in treating PCOS. • MAPK3, AKT1, RELA, EGF, TP53 and MYC were proved to have high interactions with the active components. • The potential mechanisms may involve in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the response of nature's contributions to people (NCP) to change in landscape stability may constrain and guide human modification of nature. However, the effects of landscape stability on NCP, in the context of active human modification, remain unclear. To address this issue, we chose the Wujiang River Basin in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China as a study area and quantified landscape stability in 2000, 2010, and 2020 under different scenarios. Environmental protection and comprehensive development scenarios were simulated for 2030 using the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model. For current and future scenarios, NCP were assessed in terms of indicators, which included habitat creation and maintenance (NCP1), regulation of freshwater (NCP6), and protection of soils (NCP8). Under the current status quo, urban expansion was 491.547 km2, and landscape stability showed a decreasing trend, with the mean value decreasing from 0.049 in 2000 to 0.015 in 2020. In future scenarios, landscape stability was highest under the comprehensive development scenario. In addition, in terms of changes in NCP, the high-value contributions declined by 16%–48% from 2000 to 2020. Our results clarified how NCP respond to landscape stability. These results can help conservation managers develop more targeted ecological strategies that will constrain human modification activities to enhance well-being. • Quantify the response of NCP under different stability conditions. • An indicator system for evaluating NCP stability was established. • Stability decreased, leading to loss of nature's beneficial contributions to people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine and metabolic disorder. Chinese herbal medicine has some advantages in the treatment of PCOS with its unique theoretical system and rich clinical practice experiences. The present study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of Bu-Shen-Jian-Pi Formula (BSJPF) on the treatment of PCOS. The combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) rapid analysis, network pharmacology, molecular docking analysis and bio-experiments were firstly conducted to identify the main effective components of BSJPF, and to predict the potential mechanisms. The ovarian granulosa cell line (KGN) was treated with testosterone to construct the PCOS model in vitro, and the cells were further treated with the lyophilized powder of BSJPF. The levels of proliferation, autophagy and apoptosis were detected to explore the mechanisms of BSJPF on treating PCOS. Firstly, thirty-six active compounds were identified in BSJPF and thirty-one potential targets on PCOS were found. Then, PI3K and PDK1 were verified to have good binding activity with the active compounds through molecular docking analysis. In bio-experiments, BSJPF significantly alleviated the arrested proliferation of KGN cells in G0/G1 phase and reduced the active levels of autophagy and apoptosis of KGN cells induced by testosterone. Additionally, the inhibition of autophagy diminished apoptosis, while the repression apoptosis enhanced autophagy. Finally, BSJPF significantly decreased the FOXO1 expression levels induced by testosterone, especially for nuclear FOXO1, and significantly activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. BSJPF significantly alleviated the activated autophagy and apoptosis in KGN induced by testosterone through PI3K/AKT1/FOXO1pathway, which is an effective treatment for PCOS. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

G-quadruplexes (G4s) have arrested continuous interest in cancer research, and targeting G4s with small molecules has become an ideal approach for drug development. Plant-based dietary polyphenols have attracted much attention for their remarkable anti-cancer effects. Studies have suggested that polyphenols exhibit interesting scaffolds to bind G4s, which can effectively downregulate the proto-oncogenes by stabilizing those G4 structures. Therefore, this review not only summarizes studies on natural dietary polyphenols (including analogs) as G4 stabilizers, but also reveals their anti-cancer activities. Furthermore, the structural and antioxidant insights of polyphenols with G4s are discussed, and future development is proposed. These insights may pave the way for the development of the next generation of anti-cancer drugs targeting nucleic acids. [Display omitted] • Most of dietary polyphenols are effective G-quadruplex ligands. • Binding to G-quadruplex may be a mechanism to explain the anti-cancer of dietary polyphenols. • Dietary polyphenols offer the promising scaffolds to structure modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological cancer. Selinexor is the first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) and was newly approved for the treatment of MM. Until now, very few studies have investigated selinexor resistance in MM. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) is an RNA-binding protein and a component of hnRNP complexes. Here we found that hnRNPU regulates MM sensitivity to selinexor. Cell apoptosis assays were performed to compare selinexor-induced cell death in control knockdown (CTR-KD) and hnRNPU knockdown (hnR-KD) MM cells. HnRNPU knockdown-induced nuclear protein retention was examined by proteomics array. HnRNPU-conferred mRNA translation regulation was evaluated by sucrose gradient assay, RNA electrophoresis mobility shift assay, and RNA pull-down assay. We found that hnR-KD MM cells were more sensitive to selinexor-induced cell death in vitro and in mouse model. MM patients who responded to selinexor had relatively low hnRNPU expression. In brief, hnRNPU comprehensively regulated MM sensitivity to selinexor by affecting the localization of LTV1 and NMD3, and mRNA translation of MDM2 and RAN, which were involved in XPO1-mediated nuclear export of ribosome subunits and tumor suppressors. Our discoveries indicate that hnRNPU might be a possible marker to categorize MM patients for the use of Selinexor. • HnRNPUHigh MM cells were resistant to selinexor-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo. • HnRNPU distinguished nuclear protein retention including p53, NMD3 and LTV1. • HnRNPU bound to RAN and MDM2 mRNAs and regulated their translation. • HnRNPU regulated the factors involved in the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of ribosome subunits or cancer suppressors. • A possible approach to categorize MM patients for the use of Selinexor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]