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To solve the problem of the lightweight design of metal fins and strengthen the heat transfer between phase change material (PCM) and lithium batteries, the synergistic design of fins and phase change material-battery thermal management system (PCM-BTMS) is particularly important. In this paper, 9 new branch fin design schemes were proposed based on the conventional straight fin. The reliability of the computational fluid dynamics model was verified through the heat transfer experiments at different discharge rates. Firstly, the thermal performances of 9 new fins and the conventional straight fin under 5C discharge rate were compared and analyzed, and the optimal model was selected. Secondly, the effects of transverse fin coverage area, number, arc length, thickness, and arc length of inner and outer arc fins on the thermal performance were analyzed considering the effects of different heat transfer coefficients. The results show that the preferred fins have less effect on the heat transfer coefficient enhanced thermal performance compared with the conventional fins; the average cell temperature is reduced by 3.14 K and 3.92 K respectively by increasing the fin coverage area and the number of transverse fins to increase the contact area with PCM to enhance heat dissipation; the average cell temperature changes more significantly with the inner arc fins, and the cell temperature of Case H6 was reduced by 7.2 K; while the transverse fin arc length extension reduced the thermal performance of the system in high temperature cases. The volume of system remained the same, and the thickness of the transverse fins decreased the heat storage capacity of the system when the thickness of the transverse fins was larger. The optimal fins could keep the average cell temperature within 318.15 K. The heat transfer capability was improved by 14.98%, the operating time was extended by 131.5%, and the system weight was reduced by 10.28%. [Display omitted] • 9 new branch metal fins are proposed to enhance the thermal performance of PCM. • The new branch fin structure can effectively reduce the cell temperature. • Coverage area, number, arc length, and thickness are key indices of transverse fins. • The inner and outer arc angles of fins greatly affect the heat transfer ability. • The new optimized branch fin structure better meets the lightweight design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of symmetrical and complex serpentine channel liquid cooling plate was proposed to address the problem of high temperature and poor temperature uniformity in square battery packs when discharging at high temperatures and high multipliers. Experiments were first conducted with an initial liquid cooling plate model for confirming dependability of the CFD method. In order to reduce the local high temperature in the liquid cooling plate and optimize pressure drop in the system, a method of optimisisation by adding internal secondary openings was introduced here. Then, a single-factor sensitivity analysis was conducted on the liquid cooling plate channel parameters. Several variables having a large effect on the average temperature and pressure drop of the liquid cooling plate were uesd as independent variables and the mean temperature and pressure drop of the liquid-cooled plate were used as targets for the multi-objective optimization of the channel structure. A new open Y-shaped fin was introduced on the basis of the multi-objective optimization solution to further improve the thermal performance of the liquid cooling plate. Using the orthogonal experimental method, the open Y fins were optimized to obtain the optimal model of the liquid-cooled plate. Introducing open Y-shaped fins to the liquid cooling plate could enhance its performance on a comprehensive level, and the optimal liquid cooling plate model decreased the average temperature from 46.7 °C to 44.2 °C, a decrease of 5.35%, compared with the initial liquid cooling plate model. The pressure drop decreases from 49.04 pa to 32.69 pa, a decrease of 33.34%. The results proved that the optimized liquid-cooled panels provide better cooling performance and higher energy efficiency. • Secondary openings effectively reduce localized high temperatures in cold plate. • Reciprocating channel structure design enhanced the heat dissipation of cold plate. • The addition of open Y-shaped fins in the channel improved cooling performance. • After optimization, the temperature and pressure drop were reduced by 5.35% and 33.34%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is cumbersome and computationally intensive in optimizing the battery thermal management system (BTMS), a comprehensive computational method of total thermal resistance and pressure loss of liquid-cooled battery thermal management system with coupled flow resistance model (FRM) and thermal resistance model (TRM) was proposed, so that the total thermal resistance (TTR) and pressure drop (ΔP) of liquid-cooled battery thermal management system under various operating conditions can be calculated concisely and quickly, and then the optimization of the structural parameters of liquid-cooled plates can be achieved quickly. First, the reliability of the CFD simulation was verified by liquid-cooled plate (LCP) experiments, and the reliability of the flow resistance-thermal resistance model was further verified by CFD simulation results. Then, the sensitivity of different mass flow rate and liquid cooling channel structure parameters were analyzed. The results showed that the thermal performance and system energy consumption of the cold plate were mainly influenced by the coolant mass flow rate (m) and the channel structure factors such as the bifurcation channel angle (α), channel width (b), channel height (h), and distance between bifurcation channels (d1, d4) of the cold plate. Finally, the Neighborhood Cultivation Genetic Algorithm (NCGA) was used to optimize the total thermal resistance (TTR) and pressure drop (ΔP) of the liquid-cooled plate with the above six parameters as design variables and the total thermal resistance (TTR) and pressure drop (ΔP) as objective functions. Compared to the model before optimization, the total thermal resistance (TTR) and pressure drop (ΔP) of the optimized cold plate were reduced by 0.2409 K/W and 8.7371 Pa, respectively. • A new method combining flow resistance and thermal resistance model was proposed. • Sensitivity analysis of the structural parameters of cold plate was carried out. • Optimal results can be obtained quickly by flow resistance-thermal resistance model. • The total thermal resistance and pressure drop are reduced by 0.2409 K/W and 8.7371 Pa, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat dissipation capacity is of great importance object for the battery thermal management system (BTMS). To obtain a simple and efficient liquid cooling method for rectangular lithium-ion battery, three types of diamond channel (line, inner arc and outer arc) cold plate were established. Firstly, the temperature rise of line diamond microchannel cold plate under basic conditions were simulated. Then, an experimental device for measuring the surface temperatures of cold plate was designed, and the numerical simulation results were verified. The results showed that the errors between the avenge temperature (T avg) of experiment and simulation were between 0.66% and 2.1%, and the inner arc diamond-type channel cold plate had better cooling effectiveness. Then the effects of the connection form of the intermediate channel, structural parameters and the layout of the inlet and outlet on the cooling performance of the cold plate were discussed. The pressure drop (Δ P) and T avg of the best results reach 5.33Pa and 36.52 °C respectively. Compared with the initial condition, Δ P was decreased by 32.81Pa (86.03%) and T avg was decreased by 0.69 °C (1.9%). The above research results depict that the new diamond-shaped cold plate proposed in this paper could greatly enhance the cooling performance of the liquid-cooling system. • Three new types of diamond channel cold plate were designed. • The errors between experiments and CFD simulations were less than 2.1%. • The optimal internal channel structure parameters were obtained after optimization. • Δ P and T avg were decreased by 32.81Pa (86.03%) and 0.69 °C (1.9%) after optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Optimal channel features were obtained by analyzing channel heat flow performance. • Improved cooling efficiency through agent model and algorithm optimization. • Arcing greatly improved the comprehensive performance of liquid cooled plates. • The optimized average temperature and pressure drop were reduced by 0.36°C and 132.43Pa. The battery thermal management system (BTMS) is an important guarantee that the batteries of new energy vehicles work efficiently and safely, so it is particularly important to design a liquid cooling channel with good cooling performance and low power consumption. Based on 6 types of common local channel geometries (square, triangular, diamond, trapezoid, hexagonal, etc.), 24 types of liquid-cooled plate channel structures were proposed by adding V- and X-shaped differential flow channel inside. Analyzed the flow characteristics, pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of the 24 different types of liquid-cooled channels, to clarify the reasons for the differences in heat dissipation level and pressure drop of each type of micro channel, and to obtain the optimal channel types. For the structural parameters of the optimal channel types, the NSGA-II algorithm was used for multi-objective optimization. Compared to CFD simulation results, the relative errors were within 3%. To further improve the comprehensive performance of the liquid-cooled plate, the optimized model would be analyzed for channel arcing. The optimized results showed an average temperature reduction of 0.36°C (1.01%) and a pressure drop reduction of 132.43Pa (64.72%) compared to the base model. The optimal channel features obtained in this study will provide a reference for the selection of channel types and local feature optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of furo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized via the [3+2] cyclization of pyrimidine-4,6-diol and a variety of nitroolefins at catalyst-free conditions. The reaction is easy to perform simply mixing inexpensive starting materials in water under conventional heating at 90 °C. The reaction proceeds at a fast speed within 1.5–2 h and gives the high biological and pharmacological active substituent furo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine derivatives with good to high yields. Mechanism of formation of these furo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine derivatives are also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the heat transfer performance of the battery thermal management system, to obtain a more uniform temperature distribution and to achieve the lightweight design requirements, a new liquid cooling plate design approach with primary and secondary combined fins synergistic phase change materials and nanofluid is proposed in this paper. Based on the traditional square fins, 10 new improved fin design options are proposed in this paper. Firstly, the thermal and flow characteristics of the 10 new improved fins are compared and analyzed, and the optimization is carried out. Next, the optimal model is obtained by considering the primary fin size and introducing the secondary fins of the partitioned combination for optimization. Compared to the traditional square fins, the average temperature is reduced by 0.288 °C and the pressure drop is reduced by 1.287 Pa (17.42%). Then, based on the optimal model, the thermal performance of the combined filling method and thickness of PCM is discussed and analyzed for different Reynolds number conditions. The results indicated that the smaller the Reynolds number, the more significant the heat dissipation effect of the filled PCM. The optimal model with PCM filling reduces the mass by 41.4 g (68.86%) compared to the model without PCM, with significant lightweighting effect. Finally, to further improve the thermal performance of the system, different types of nanoparticles with different volume fractions are introduced into the system. Compared to pure water liquid cooling, the Nusselt number can be increased by 9% to 78%, and the heat dissipation effect is significantly improved. • Based on the traditional directional fins, 10 new and improved fins are proposed. • Thermal performance of the system was improved after introduction the secondary fins. • A new liquid cooling plate with PCM synergistic combination fins was proposed. • The mass of the optimal model after filling the PCM was reduced by 41.4 g (68.86%). • Nusselt number of system can be improved by 9% to 78% after introduction nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid acid-catalyzed cascade reaction of condensation/intermolecular nucleophilic addition/intramolecular cyclization, esterification and amination has been developed to rapidly construct complex polysubstituted indole compounds. This one-pot, three-step five-component cascade reaction affords a series of 2-(4-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1 H -indol-3-yl) acetamide derivatives with good yield under mild conditions. The present procedure exhibited some attractive features, including inexpensive and easy available reagents, large substrate scope, separable intermediate products, recyclable solid acid catalyst, and more importantly, it can be conveniently performed by simple one-pot three-step procedure, involving the sequential mixture of 3-(arylamino)cyclohex-2-en-1-ones, 2,2-dihydroxy-1-arylethan-1-ones, meldrum acid, and alcohols, anilines in the of solid acid at 80 °C. Significantly, this strategy not only expands the application range of solid acid, but also provides a series of 2-(4-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1 H -indol-3-yl)acetate/acetamide derivatives. [Display omitted] • A one-pot three-step reaction for the synthesis of indol-3-yl acetamides has been reported. • The reaction can be performed using recyclable solid acid as catalyst in water. • This chemistry provides a strategy to synthesize indol-3-yl acetates and indol-3-yl acetamides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of nitroolefins and o -phenylenediamine with silica gel catalyst produced quinoxalines mainly in THF, but gave benzimidazoles efficiently in water. Such a solvent-dependent chemoselective reaction has prominent features of affording two cyclized products selectively with the same substrate, short reaction time, operational simplicity, as well as available starting materials and nontoxic catalysts. In addition, the scope and limitations were explored and a plausible reaction mechanism is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The straight microchannel heat sink is relatively low in heat transfer efficiency due to the influence of the thermal boundary layer, and the thermal requirements of which may fail to be met under high heat flux conditions. In this paper, the fins were introduced to form a secondary channel to optimize the heat dissipation effect of the microchannel heat sink. Combined with CFD method, the structure parameters (the angle, lateral spacing and vertical spacing) and arrangement ways (the aligned, staggered) of internal fins in microchannel were analyzed. At the same time, CFD method is verified by experiments, and the relative errors are within 2%. Under the mass flow rate of 3.5 gs−1, compared with the straight microchannel heat sink, the maximum temperature and average temperature of optimized model are reduced by 3.04 K (6.67%), 2.86 K (6.75%), respectively. And the uniformity of temperature also is increased by 0.005 (8.47%). The pressure drop is reduced by 226.5 Pa (13.33%). At same time, the value of the performance evaluation can reach 1.285. In actual design and application, appropriate mass flow rate can be selected by the heating power to ensure the cooling effect of the microchannel heat sink and the power loss of the pump. • The structure and arrangement of internal fins in microchannel are analyzed. • CFD method is verified by experiments, and the maximum relative error is within 2%. • The increase of vertical spacing has little effect on the heat transfer performance. • Heat transfer performance and pressure drop are improved greatly after optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An efficient, solvent-free protocol for the asymmetric aldol reaction between aldehydes and ketones using prolinamides 1–4 as organocatalysts is reported. Catalysts 2–4, in the presence of TFA (the ratio of catalyst and TFA=1/1.5), proved to be excellent catalysts, giving the aldol products between aromatic aldehydes and ketones with nearly perfect diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >99:1 dr and >99% ee). This catalytic system can also be applied in the cross-aldol reaction of isatin with ketones and the Michael reaction between cyclohexane and nitroalkenes. A mechanism is proposed to account for the formation of the major enantiomer in this reaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new series of titanium(IV) and zirconium(IV) amides have been prepared from the reaction between M(NMe2)4 (M=Ti, Zr) and C 2-symmetric ligands, (R)-2,2′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (2H2), (R)-2,2′-bis(pyrrol-2-ylmethyleneamino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (3H2), (R)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphinoylamino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (4H2), (R)-2,2′-bis(methanesulphonylamino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (5H2), (R)-2,2′-bis(p-toluenesulphonylamino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (6H2), and C 1-symmetric ligands, (R)-2-(diphenylthiophosphoramino)-2′-(dimethylamino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (7H) and (R)-2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)-2′-(dimethylamino)-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl (8H), which are derived from (R)-2,2′-diamino-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl. Treatment of M(NMe2)4 with 1 equiv. of N4-ligand, 2H2 or 3H2 gives, after recrystallization from an n-hexane solution, the chiral zirconium amides (2)Zr(NMe2)2 (9), (3)Zr(NMe2)2 (11), and titanium amide (3)Ti(NMe2)2 (10), respectively, in good yields. Reaction of Zr(NMe2)4 with 1 equiv of diphenylphosphoramide 4H2 affords the chiral zirconium amide (4)Zr(NMe2)2 (12) in 85% yield. Under similar reaction conditions, treatment of Ti(NMe2)4 with 1 equiv. of sulphonylamide ligand, 5H2 or 6H2 gives, after recrystallization from a toluene solution, the chiral titanium amides (5)Ti(NMe2)2·0.5C7H8 (13·0.5C7H8) and (6)Ti(NMe2)2 (15), respectively, in good yields, while reaction of Zr(NMe2)4 with 1 equiv. of 5H2 or 6H2 gives the bis-ligated complexes, (5)2Zr (14) and (6)2Zr (16). Treatment of M(NMe2)4 with 2 equiv. of diphenylthiophosphoramide ligand 7H or N3-ligand 8H gives, after recrystallization from a benzene solution, the bis-ligated chiral zirconium amides (7)2Zr(NMe2)2 (17) and (8)2Zr(NMe2)2 (19), and bis-ligated chiral titanium amide (8)2Ti(NMe2)2 (18), respectively, in good yields. All new compounds have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, and elemental analyses. The solid-state structures of complexes 10, 12, 13, and 17–19 have further been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The zirconium amides are active catalysts for the asymmetric hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes, affording cyclic amines in good to excellent yields with moderate ee values, while the titanium amides are not. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Background: Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited dermatosis and characterized by a mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the back of hands and feet. The DSH locus was mapped to chromosome 1q21 and subsequently pathogenic mutations were identified in the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) gene in 2003. Objective: In this study, we performed a mutation analysis of the ADAR1 gene in eight Chinese families and one sporadic patient with typical DSH. Methods: PCR and direct sequencing of the ADAR1 gene were performed to identify and confirm the mutations in the eight families and the sporadic patient. Results: Six novel and one known mutations were identified, including four missense mutations (p.K1105N, p.G1047R, p.F1099L, p.G1068R), two frameshift mutations (p.Q779fs-792x, p.P441fs-463x) and one nonsense mutation (p.R1096x). Conclusion: Six novel mutations were found in five unrelated families and one sporadic case, which have further improved our understanding on the role of ADAR1 in DSH. Interestingly, we failed to detect any mutations of ADAR1 in two families. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A concise and efficient three-component domino strategy promoted by acetic acid has been established for the synthesis of novel spirocycloalkane fused pyrazolo[3,4- b pyridine-dicarbonitrile derivatives in 73–90% yields. The domino reaction is easy to perform by mixing 1 H -pyrazol-5-amines or isoxazol-5-amine, 2-arylidenemalononitriles, and cyclic ketones in the presence of acetic acid at 80 °C in 2–4 h. The present procedure shows attractive properties including inexpensive and easy starting materials, simple one-pot operation, large substrate scope, highly isolated yields, and easy purification process. This chemistry provides a promising synthetic strategy to construction of N -containing spirocycle skeleton with stereogenic centers. Image 1 • A reaction for synthesis of spirocycloalkane fused pyrazolo[3,4- b pyridines has been established. • The reaction can be finished within 2–4 h with water as sole byproduct. • This chemistry provides a strategy to construction of N -containing spirocycles with stereogenic center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Hirschsprung disease, or congenital aganglionosis, is believed to be oligogenic—that is, caused by multiple genetic factors. We performed whole-genome sequence analyses of patients with Hirschsprung disease to identify genetic factors that contribute to disease development and analyzed the functional effects of these variants. Methods We performed whole-genome sequence analyses of 443 patients with short-segment disease, recruited from hospitals in China and Vietnam, and 493 ethnically matched individuals without Hirschsprung disease (controls). We performed genome-wide association analyses and gene-based rare-variant burden tests to identify rare and common disease–associated variants and study their interactions. We obtained induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from 4 patients with Hirschsprung disease and 2 control individuals, and we used these to generate enteric neural crest cells for transcriptomic analyses. We assessed the neuronal lineage differentiation capability of iPSC-derived enteric neural crest cells using an in vitro differentiation assay. Results We identified 4 susceptibility loci, including 1 in the phospholipase D1 gene (PLD1) (P = 7.4 × 10–7). The patients had a significant excess of rare protein-altering variants in genes previously associated with Hirschsprung disease and in the β-secretase 2 gene (BACE2) (P = 2.9 × 10–6). The epistatic effects of common and rare variants across these loci provided a sensitized background that increased risk for the disease. In studies of the iPSCs, we observed common and distinct pathways associated with variants in RET that affect risk. In functional assays, we found variants in BACE2 to protect enteric neurons from apoptosis. We propose that alterations in BACE1 signaling via amyloid β precursor protein and BACE2 contribute to pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease. Conclusions In whole-genome sequence analyses of patients with Hirschsprung disease, we identified rare and common variants associated with disease risk. Using iPSC cells, we discovered some functional effects of these variants. Graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secretory protein that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic asthma, and eczema, but it is currently unknown whether BDNF polymorphisms influence susceptibility to moderate-to-severe AR. Objective We sought to identify disease associations and the functional effect of BDNF genetic variants in patients with moderate-to-severe AR. Methods Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the BDNF gene were selected from the human HapMap Han Chinese from Beijing (CHB) data set, and associations with moderate-to-severe AR were assessed in 2 independent cohorts of Chinese patients (2216 from Shandong province and 1239 living in Singapore). The functional effects of the BDNF genetic variants were determined by using both in vitro and ex vivo assays. Results The tagging SNP rs10767664 was significantly associated with the risk of moderate-to-severe AR in both Singapore Chinese ( P = .0017; odds ratio, 1.324) and Shandong Chinese populations ( P = .039; odds ratio, 1.180). The coding nonsynonymous SNP rs6265 was in perfect linkage with rs10767664 and conferred increased BDNF protein secretion by a human cell line in vitro . Subjects bearing the AA genotype of rs10767664 exhibited increased risk of moderate-to-severe AR and displayed increased BDNF protein and total IgE levels in plasma. Using a large-scale expression quantitative trait locus study, we demonstrated that BDNF SNPs are significantly associated with altered BDNF concentrations in peripheral blood. Conclusion A common genetic variant of the BDNF gene is associated with increased risk of moderate-to-severe AR, and the AA genotype is associated with increased BDNF mRNA levels in peripheral blood. Together, these data indicate that functional BDNF gene variants increase the risk of moderate-to-severe AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct and metal-free access to poly-substituted acenaphtho[1′,2':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2- c ]pyridin-11-one and its analogs was established through a simple one-pot reaction using enaminones and acenaphthylene-1,2-dione as basic substrates. The reaction allows the formation of C–N and C–C bonds accompanied by multiple bond cleavage in the presence of acetic acid. The approach features atomic economy, broad substrate scope, efficient and metal-free reaction conditions, inexpensive and readily available starting materials and easy operation, making the strategy highly attractive. Importantly, the new acenaphtho[1′,2':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2- c ]pyridin-11-ones with hydroxyl substituents could be further functionalized, affording access to molecular complexity and diversity. [Display omitted] • A [3 + 2] cyclization for the synthesis of acenaphtho[1′,2':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2- c ]pyridin-11-ones has been reported. • The typical advantages of this transformation is atomic economy. • The desired products with hydroxyl substituents could be further functionalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O /S-Based heterocycles have emerged as one of the most important classes of heterocyclic compounds and have received considerable attention because of their importance as 'privileged pharmacological structures' widely distributed in natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. As a testament to this, a plethora of methods for the synthesis of these O / S -heterocycles have been disclosed. Of particular importance in the blossoming field are multicomponent approaches using β -nitrostyrenes as starting materials via domino processes. This review introduces recent strategies for the creation of O / S -heterocycles from β -nitrostyrenes and the corresponding partners. Particular attention has been given to the advancement and limitation of approximately 50 studies concerning the preparation of these heterocycles, with a focus from 2014 to 2023. To create your abstract, type over the instructions in the template box below. Fonts or abstract dimensions should not be changed or altered. [Display omitted] • A plethora of methods for the synthesis of O / S -heterocycles have been disclosed. • This review introduces recent strategies for the creation of O / S -heterocycles from β -nitrostyrenes. • About 50 studies for synthesis of O / S -heterocycles published from 2014 to 2023 are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient and green strategy for synthesis of 1,6-naphthyridines has been established. • The 1,6-naphthyridines are obtained catalyzed by solid acid under ultrasonic irradiation. • The ultrasonic irradiation as thermal and kinetic energy source shorten reaction time and heighten yield. An efficient and highly eco-friendly approach to poly-substituted 1,6-naphthyridine derivatives with good to excellent yield has been reported using simple and readily available 4-aminopyridinone, aromatic aldehyde or isatin, and 1,3-cyclohexanedione as substrates. The method features low-cost and readily accessible starting materials, green ultrasonic irradiation in water, recycle heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, broad substrate scope as well as simple one-pot operation make this strategy highly attractive. Mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation involves Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, and cyclization sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of pyrazoloisoquinoline and pyrazolopyridine derivatives by one-pot three-component condensation of aminopyrazoles, aldehydes, and cycloketones in water using carbonaceous material as solid acid catalyst is described. The procedure offers several advantages such as simple experimental and work-up procedures, high yield, recovery, and reusability of metal-free solid acid heterogeneous catalyst along with tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare type of psoriasis with potentially life-threatening implications. Mutations in IL36RN gene have been suggested to be causative or predisposing factors for GPP. Objective To evaluate the genetic heterogeneity of GPP, PV and GPP alone, GPP with PV. Methods We performed a sanger sequencing identify IL36RN mutations in 62 Chinese Han patients with sporadic GPP, including 17 GPP without psoriasis vulgaris (PV) (GPP alone) cases vs. 45 GPP with preceding, later or accompanied by PV (GPP with PV) cases; 16 patients with pediatric-onset GPP (PGPP) vs. 46 adult-onset GPP (AGPP). We included 96 healthy controls and 174 sporadic patients with PV. Resuts We found 2 new variants and 4 known IL36RN variants in 29 GPP patients, 18 individuals carried recessive (homozygous/compound heterozygous) alleles and 11 cases harbored a single heterozygous change. Twelve PV patients and six controls harbored a single heterozygous for three out of the six variants. Significant differences were observed between GPP and PV groups, GPP alone and GPP with PV groups when compared frequencies of IL36RN variants, but we did not found association between PGPP and AGPP groups. Conclusion Our study provided more evidence that GPP and PV are distinct subtypes of psoriasis caused by different pathogenesis, and GPP alone could be regarded as an especial entities of GPP which is different from GPP with PV on the etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the analysis of caspase recruitment domain family member 14 (CARD14) variants in the Chinese Han patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) and generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). Findings reveal five rare variants including p.Met119Val, p.Arg166His, and p.Ala216Thr. It suggests the significant role of the rare CARD14 variants in the pathogenesis of GPP.

• A new domino approach for synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2- c pyridin-4-ones has been established. • The one-pot two-step four component strategy makes the reaction attractive. • The remarkable feature of the process is the formation of five C–N, C–C bonds initiated by sole acetic acid. A direct and metal-free access toward poly-substituted pyrrolo[3,2- c pyridin-4-one and its analogues have been established through a simple four-component, two-step reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2 H -pyran-2-one, two amine molecules, and β -nitrostyrenes. The reaction allows the formation of five different C–N, C–C bonds by the multiple bond cleavage only using acetic acid as catalyst and solvent. The advantages of broad substrate scope, efficient and metal-free reaction conditions, inexpensive and readily available starting materials as well as simple one-pot two-step operation, make the strategy highly attractive. This transformation in acetic acid resulted in the rapid establishment of functional bioactive poly-substituted pyrrolo[3,2- c pyridin-4-one derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective Leprosy and tuberculosis (TB) are chronic granulomatous infectious diseases. As well as pathogen and environmental factors, host genetic factors make a substantial contribution to susceptibility to both diseases. More importantly, leprosy and TB also have pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features in common. In this study, the genetic association between leprosy and TB was investigated in a Chinese Han population. Methods A genetic association study that included 46 TB susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed, involving 1150 leprosy cases and 1150 controls from the Chinese Han population. The Sequenom MassARRAY system was used. Results No significant association was found between the 46 SNPs and leprosy. Therefore, according to the present study, there is no shared susceptibility locus between leprosy and TB in the Chinese Han population. Conclusions Although leprosy and TB have a number of similar characteristics, no shared susceptibility loci were found in the Chinese Han population. Thus, this study demonstrated that the genetic basis of the pathogenesis of the two diseases may vary greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]