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1. Combined omics approaches reveal distinct responses between light and heavy rare earth elements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author: Elisabeth M. Gross, Damien Blaudez, Adam Schikora, Nicolas Grosjean, Michel Chalot, Marie Le Jean, Jean Armengaud, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies [Université de Lorraine] (FST ), Université de Lorraine (UL), Région Grand-EstLabEx R21, ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), DMTS, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, lanthanum, Key genes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rare earth, Computational biology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mining, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Human health, transcriptomics, proteomics, Lanthanides, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Model organism, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, ved/biology, Chemistry, ytterbium, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, REEs, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, cell wall, Metals, Rare Earth, Signalling pathways
Abstract: International audience; The rapid development of green energy sources and new medical technologies contributes to the increased exploitation of rare earth elements (REEs). They can be subdivided into light (LREEs) and heavy (HREEs) REEs. Mining, industrial processing, and end-use practices of REEs has led to elevated environmental concentrations and raises concerns about their toxicity to organisms and their impact on ecosystems. REE toxicity has been reported, but its precise underlying molecular effects have not been well described. Here, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches were combined to decipher the molecular responses of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to La (LREE) and Yb (HREE). Differences were observed between the early and late responses to La and Yb. Several crucial pathways were modulated in response to both REEs, such as oxidative-reduction processes, DNA replication, and carbohydrate metabolism. REE-specific responses involving the cell wall and pheromone signalling pathways were identified, and these responses have not been reported for other metals. REE exposure also modified the expression and abundance of several ion transport systems, with strong discrepancies between La and Yb. These findings are valuable for prioritizing key genes and proteins involved in La and Yb detoxification mechanisms that deserve further characterization to better understand REE environmental and human health toxicity.
Published: 2022
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2. A combined approach utilizing UAV 3D imaging methods, in-situ measurements, and laboratory experiments to assess water evaporation and trace element uptake by tree species growing in a red gypsum landfill

Author: Michel Chalot, Jean-Michel Colin, Fabienne Tatin-Froux, bdoulaye Mahamat Malabad, Gilles Gallinet, Julien Parelle, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies [Université de Lorraine] (FST ), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, Environmental Engineering, Gypsum, Unmanned Aerial Devices, UAV remote sensing, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Context (language use), engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Calcium Sulfate, Trees, Transpiration, Ostrya carpinifolia, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Environmental Chemistry, Leachate, Waste Management and Disposal, Betula, biology, Canopy conductance, Water, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Trace Elements, LAI, Waste Disposal Facilities, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Betula pendula, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Laboratories, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The extractive industry is increasingly faced with problems of managing contaminated sites. The red gypsum landfill at the Ochsenfeld site is representative of the typology byproduct storage of the Ti-extraction activity. The management of the elemental content and the water body are the issues at this site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the canopy conductance (gcmax) of various tree species and the content of elements in the leaves, utilizing the opportunity of a demonstration plantation setup in 2014 with sixteen tree species, combined with a growth chamber experiment. We combined the gas exchange measurements with the data from two multispectral cameras with RGB and NIR bands embarked on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the field, Ostrya carpinifolia, Maclura pomifera, and Rhus copallina had the highest gcmax of all planted tree species, and the high transpiration rate in O. carpinifolia was confirmed in a pot-based controlled experiment. Except R. copallina, the species with a high Mn content (O. carpinifolia, Betula pendula, and Salix aquatica grandis) had high stomatal conductance. O. carpinifolia could therefore be a species to exploit in the management of landfill leachates, especially in the context of climate change since this species is well adapted to dry environments.
Published: 2022
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3. Partial overlap of fungal communities associated with nettle and poplar roots when co-occurring at a trace metal contaminated site

Author: Cyril Zappelini, Coralie Bertheau, Philippe Binet, Flavien Tafforeau, Benoît Valot, Chloé Viotti, Michel Chalot, Marc-André Selosse, Geneviève Chiapusio, François Maillard, Loïc Yung, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Gdańsk (UG), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies [Université de Lorraine] (FST ), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Fungal network, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Root-associated mycobiome, Pezizomycetes, 010501 environmental sciences, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Agaricomycetes, Genus, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Trace metal, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Urtica dioica, Metal-enriched sediments, Waste Management and Disposal, Soil Microbiology, Phytomanagement, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Inocybe, biology, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Environmental metabarcoding, Urtica dioica L, Taxon, Mycobiome
Abstract: International audience; Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) raises growing interest in phytomanagement because it commonly grows under poplar Short Rotation Coppices (SRC) set up at trace-metal (TM) contaminated sites and provides high-quality herbaceous fibres. The mycobiome of this non-mycorhizal plant and its capacity to adapt to TM-contaminated environments remains unknown. This study aimed at characterizing the mycobiome associated with nettle and poplar roots co-occurring at a TM-contaminated site. Plant root barcoding using the fungi-specific ITS1F-ITS2 primers and Illumina MiSeq technology revealed that nettle and poplar had distinct root fungal communities. The nettle mycobiome was dominated by Pezizomycetes from known endophytic taxa and from the supposedly saprotrophic genus Kotlabaea (which was the most abundant). Several ectomycorrhizal fungi such as Inocybe (Agaricomycetes) and Tuber (Pezizomycetes) species were associated with the poplar roots. Most of the Pezizomycetes taxa were present in the highly TM-contaminated area whereas Agaricomycetes tended to be reduced. Despite being a known non-mycorrhizal plant, nettle was associated with a significant proportion of ectomycorrhizal OTU (9.7%), suggesting some connexions between the poplar and the nettle root mycobiomes. Finally, our study raised the interest in reconsidering the fungal networking beyond known mycorrhizal interactions.
Published: 2021
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4. In situ and ex situ bioassays with Cantareus aspersus for environmental risk assessment of metal(loid) and PAH‐contaminated soils

Author: Beñat Zaldibar, Caroline Amiot, Benjamin Pauget, Michel Chalot, Dominique Rieffel, Frédéric Gimbert, Janine W Y Wong, Christina Thiemann, Bernard Sarrazin, José Paulo Sousa, Mireia Irazola, Maxime Louzon, Annette de Vaufleury, Nadia Morin-Crini, Natália Neuwirthová, Tiago Natal-da-Luz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), TESORA (TESORA), and TESORA
Subjects: In situ, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, 010501 environmental sciences, Risk Assessment, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Biomonitoring, Soil Pollutants, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Humus, Bioavailability, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Bioaccumulation, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Biological Assay, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Ecotoxicity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bioindicator, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Environmental risk assessment of contaminated soils requires bioindicators that allow the assessment of bioavailability and toxicity of chemicals. Although many bioassays can determine the ecotoxicity of soil samples in the laboratory, few are available and standardized for on-site application. Bioassays based on specific threshold values that assess the in situ and ex situ bioavailability and risk of metal(loid)s and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils to the land snail Cantareus aspersus have never been simultaneously applied to the same soils. The aims of this study were to compare the results provided by in situ and ex situ bioassays and to determine their respective importance for environmental risk assessment. The feasibility and reproducibility of the in situ bioassay were assessed using an international ring test. This study used five plots located at a former industrial site and six laboratories participated in the ring test. The results revealed the impact of environmental parameters on the bioavailability of metal(loid)s and PAHs to snails exposed in the field to structured soils and vegetation compared to those exposed under laboratory conditions to soil collected from the same field site (excavated soils). The risk coefficients were generally higher ex situ than in situ, with some exceptions (mainly due to Cd and Mo), which might be explained by the in situ contribution of plants and humus layer as sources of exposure of snails to contaminants and by climatic parameters. The ring test showed good agreement among laboratories, which determined the same levels of risk in most of the plots. Comparison of the bioavailability to land snails and the subsequent risk estimated in situ or ex situ highlighted the complementarity between both approaches in the environmental risk assessment of contaminated soils, namely, to guide decisions on the fate and future use of the sites (e.g., excavation, embankments, and land restoration). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:539-554. © 2021 SETAC.
Published: 2021
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5. Interactions between Hg and soil microbes: microbial diversity and mechanisms, with an emphasis on fungal processes

Author: Michel Chalot, Julie Foulon, François Maillard, Alexis Durand, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies [Université de Lorraine] (FST ), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Nutrient cycle, Environmental remediation, chronic/acute exposure, chemistry.chemical_element, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, soil, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Soil functions, Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, mercury (Hg), fungi, Mercury, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Mercury (element), communities, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, Terrestrial ecosystem, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, environment, Bacteria, Biotechnology
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal with no known biological function, and it can be highly bioavailable in terrestrial ecosystems. Although fungi are important contributors to a number of soil processes including plant nutrient uptake and decomposition, little is known about the effect of Hg on fungi. Fungi accumulate the largest amount of Hg and are the organisms capable of the highest bioaccumulation of Hg. While referring to detailed mechanisms in bacteria, this mini-review emphasizes the progress made recently on this topic and represents the first step towards a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Hg tolerance and accumulation in fungal species and hence on the role of fungi within the Hg cycle at Hg-contaminated sites. KEY POINTS: • The fungal communities are more resilient than bacterial communities to Hg exposure. • The exposure to Hg is a threat to microbial soil functions involved in both C and nutrient cycles. • Fungal (hyper)accumulation of Hg may be important for the Hg cycle in terrestrial environments. • Understanding Hg tolerance and accumulation by fungi may lead to new remediation biotechnologies.
Published: 2020
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6. Poplar rotation coppice at a trace element-contaminated phytomanagement site: A 10-year study revealing biomass production, element export and impact on extractable elements

Author: Olivier Girardclos, Vincent Driget, Stéphane Pfendler, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Isabelle Lamy, Loïc Yung, Michel Chalot, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, Environmental Engineering, Rotation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Coppicing, Nutrient, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Hectare, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Trace element, Salix, 15. Life on land, Wood, Pollution, Trace Elements, Plant Leaves, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Agronomy, Metals, visual_art, Field trial, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bark
Abstract: Growing lignocellulosic crops on marginal lands could compose a substantial proportion of future energy resources. The potential of poplar was explored, by devising a field trial of two hectares in 2007 in a metal-contaminated site to quantify the genotypic variation in the growth traits of 14 poplar genotypes grown in short-rotation coppice and to assess element transfer and export by individual genotypes. Our data led us to conclusions about the genotypic variations in poplar growth on a moderately contaminated site, with the Vesten genotype being the most productive. This genotype also accumulated the least amounts of trace elements, whereas the Trichobel genotype accumulated up to 170 mg Zn kg−1 DW in the branches, with large variation being exhibited among the genotypes for trace element (TE) accumulation. Soil element depletion occurred for a range of TEs, whereas the soil content of major nutrients and the pH remained unchanged or slightly increased after 10 years of poplar growth. The higher TE content of bark tissues compared with the wood and the higher proportion of bark in branches compared with the wood led us to recommend that only stem wood be harvested, instead of the whole tree, which will enable a reduction in the risks encountered with TE-enriched biomass in the valorization process.
Published: 2020
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7. Accroître le panel d'espèces ligneuses dans une stratégie de phytomanagement des sols pollués par les éléments traces

Author: Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Richard, M., Cyril Zappelini, Daniel Soupe, Damien Blaudez, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

8. Steam explosion pretreatment of willow grown on phytomanaged soils for bioethanol production

Author: Nicolas Brosse, Michel Chalot, Zahra Menana, Laurent Chrusciel, Isabelle Ziegler-Devin, Valérie Bert, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Subjects: Chemistry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 020209 energy, Pulp (paper), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Pulp and paper industry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Biofuel, Cellulosic ethanol, Enzymatic hydrolysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, engineering, Fermentation, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Short rotation coppice, Agronomy and Crop Science, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Steam explosion
Abstract: International audience; A steam explosion (SE) process was evaluated as a pretreatment method to achieve simultaneously the pretreatment and the decontamination of trace elements (TE) from woody biomass for bioethanol applications. The willow biomass used in this study was obtained from short rotation coppice phyto-managed plots harvested on a TE-contaminated soils (Zn, Mn). The inﬂuence of the SE reaction severity on the composition of the cellulosic pulp and on the TE extraction in the water effluent was investigated. SE performed at 220 °C after a 2% sulfuric acid presoaking allowed an extraction of ̴ 80% of Mn and Zn in the water effluent. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting pulps was examined. A cellulose-to-glucose conversion of ˜80% was obtained after 75 h of incubation of the pulp obtained after a SE treatment performed at 180 °C. The subsequent fermentation into ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was successfully performed. No significant influence of TEs on the action of the biocatalysts (enzymes and yeast) was observed
Published: 2019
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9. Interactions between dark septate endophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi and root pathogens in vitro

Author: Corinne Leyval, Charlotte Berthelot, Damien Blaudez, Michel Chalot, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Phytophthora citricola, ectomycorrhizal fungi, Microorganism, root pathogenic fungi, Phialophora mustea, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Heterobasidion annosum, Biological pest control, Phialocephala fortinii, Context (language use), Fungus, Dark septate endophyte, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cadophora sp, Mycorrhizae, Phialophora, Botany, Endophytes, Genetics, Symbiosis, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Leptodontidium sp, biology, Fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are widely distributed worldwide and can promote plant growth. Therefore, they are considered potentially important plant allies, especially in stressful environments. Previous studies have reported that DSEs cohabit roots with other microorganisms such as ectomycorrhizal (ECM), endophytic and pathogenic fungi/oomycetes. However, interactions between different DSE species have not yet been reported, and studies on the interactions between DSEs and other fungi are scarce. Using a simple and reproducible pairwise growth assay in vitro, we studied the synergistic/antagonistic interactions between eight DSEs, two ECM fungi and three root pathogens. Most of the DSE/DSE outcomes were neutral. Interestingly, we identified several DSE strains acting in synergy with other strains, as well as strains that could potentially act as biocontrol agents. Notably, three metal-tolerant DSE strains, namely, Cadophora sp., Leptodontidium sp. and Phialophora mustea, could decrease the growth of the root phytopathogens Pythium intermedium, Phytophthora citricola and Heterobasidion annosum. The present data are discussed in the general context of the use of fungal consortia as inocula in the tree-based phytomanagement of marginal lands.
Published: 2019
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10. Early screening of new accumulating versus non-accumulating tree species for the phytomanagement of marginal lands

Author: Damien Blaudez, D. Soupe, Alexis Durand, Michel Chalot, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Christelle Moyen, Julien Parelle, Cyril Zappelini, N. Morin-Crini, Fabienne Tatin-Froux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Rhizophagus irregularis, Environmental Engineering, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Growing season, Salix aquatica grandis, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Non-accumulating tree species, Phytomanagement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), Trace elements, biology, ved/biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Ulmus pumila, Alnus subcordata, Agronomy, Ostrya carpinifolia, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Woody plant
Abstract: International audience; The use of fast-growing trees producing a high quantity of biomass can bring significant practical and economic benefits to the reclamation of marginal lands. The present study aims to identify new shrub/tree species to offer a wider range of shrubs/trees useful for phytomanagement practices. We implemented three experimental sites in France of 1 ha each (Thann, Carrières-sous-Poissy and Leforest) contaminated by different potentially toxic elements (PTE) with a total of 38 different tree species. After two years of growth, the element concentrations in stem and leaf biomasses, tree survival rate and growth of plants were assessed. Although the three sites had elevated concentrations of total PTE and nutrients in their soil, the element contents in the trees strongly differed depending on the species. Alnus subcordata, Platanus orientalis, Ulmus pumila, Ostrya carpinifolia and the Acer species appeared to be well adapted to the drastic conditions of the sites and presented the lowest PTE concentrations in their aboveground biomass. Conversely, the Salix, Populus, Betula and Quercus species, especially Salix aquatica grandis, exhibited the highest accumulations of Cd, Zn and/or Mn at the three sites. Inoculation with the endomycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis did not have a significant impact on the growth of the tree species at the three sites after two growing seasons. Overall, the present study offers two options for the phytomanagement of marginal lands. The first option is based on the production of clean biomass, which is useful for plant-based industrial processes (e.g., biomaterials, bioenergy) that could valorize this biomass. The second option is based on the production of TE-enriched biomass that could be better exploited in the eco-catalysis process.
Published: 2019
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11. From darkness to light: emergence of the mysterious dark septate endophytes in plant growth promotion and stress alleviation

Author: Damien Blaudez, Charlotte Berthelot, Michel Chalot, Corinne Leyval, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Hodkinson TR, Doohan FM, Saunders MJ, and Murphy BR
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Septate, 0303 health sciences, Plant growth, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Stress alleviation, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Promotion (rank), Darkness, Botany, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany, media_common
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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12. Cropping trees and fiber plants at phytomanaged sites

Author: Loic Yung, Thomas Jeannin, Philippe Evon, Laurent Labonne, Pierre Ouagne, Michael Lecourt, David Cazaux, Vincent Placet, Michel CHALOT, and Chalot, Michel
Subjects: [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment
Published: 2019

13. Transfer of mercury within a sediment-nettle-insect food web at a chlor-alkali landfill

Author: Loic Yung, Coralie BERTHEAU, David Cazaux, Nicole Regier, Slaveykova, V. I., Michel Chalot, and Bertheau, Coralie
Subjects: [SDV.TOX.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Published: 2019

14. Evaluation of historical atmospheric pollution in an industrial area by dendrochemical approaches

Author: Philippe Chamaret, Annabelle Austruy, Bernard Angeletti, Loïc Yung, Olivier Girardclos, Julien Dron, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Michel Chalot, Catherine Keller, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Industrial Waste, Atmospheric pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, History, 21st Century, Metals, Heavy, Environmental Chemistry, Cities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, computer.programming_language, Pollutant, Industrial area, Urbanization, trace metal pollution, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, History, 20th Century, Pinus, 020801 environmental engineering, Europe, tree rings, Industrialisation, Populus, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Harbour, Environmental science, Dendrochemistry, Physical geography, France, Environmental Pollution, Tree species, computer, Environmental Monitoring, historical atmospheric exposure
Abstract: International audience; We conducted a dendrochemical study in order to evaluate the exposure of territories and 19 populations to different types of pollutants and to characterise the history of pollution in one of the 20 most intensely industrialised areas of Europe: the industrial port zone of Fos, also heavily 21 urbanised. 22 To perform the study, two tree species have been selected, Pinus halepensis and Populus nigra, on arural plot located roughly 20 km away from the industrial harbor, an urban plot located in the city of Fos-sur-Mer and an industrial plot. Our study indicated that poplar was a more relevant model forthe dendrochemical studies exhibiting a higher bioaccumulation capacity than pine except for Hg, Sb and Mn. Moreover, thanks to this work we observed significant exposure of the trees in the urban and industrial areas to As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Sb, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg, highlighting the exposure of the territory and populations living in the vicinity of the industrial harbor. The temporal 29 variability of the concentrations measured in the tree rings corresponds to the increasing industrialisation of the territory as well as to the evolution of the industrial processes. Thus, this project highlighted the exposure of Gulf of Fos to atmospheric emissions (industrial, road and urban) of the industrial harbor as well as the changes over time. It also point out the relevance of using dendrochemistry to measure atmospheric exposure of metals and metalloids and its temporal variability.
Published: 2019
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15. Poplar-based phytomanagement of metal-contaminated sites: effect of mycorrhizal inoculation & associated fungal diversity

Author: Michel CHALOT, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Cyril Zappelini, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

16. Poplar-based phytomanagement of metal-contaminated sites: associated fungal diversity & effect of mycorrhizal inoculation

Author: Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Cyril Zappelini, Phonethip Phanthavongsa, Sébastien Roy, Valérie Bert, Damien Blaudez, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agronutrition, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

17. Utilisation du séquençage haut débit dans l'évaluation de la diversité mycorhizienne sur trois sites de phytomanagement

Author: Lisa Ciadamidaro, Cyril Zappelini, Julie Foulon, Damien Blaudez, Michel CHALOT, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

18. Increasing the panel of tree species for the phytomanagement of marginal lands

Author: Michel CHALOT, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Julien Parelle, Fabienne Tatin-Froux, Christelle Moyen, Damien Blaudez, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

19. Etude des gènes de réponse aux Terres Rares chez le modèle eucaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Author: Nicolas Grosjean, Marie Le Jean, Jean Armengaud, Michel CHALOT, Maria Gross Elisabeth, Damien Blaudez, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

20. Natural revegetation of a red gypsum dump

Author: José Zapata Carbonell, Carole Bégeot, Nicolas Carry, Flavien Choulet, François Gillet, Olivier Girardclos, Arnaud Mouly, Michel CHALOT, and Chalot, Michel
Subjects: [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment
Published: 2018

21. Environmental metabarcoding as a tool to reveal structure and composition of microbial communities in anthropogenic soils

Author: Julie Foulon, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Benoit Valot, Mathieu Luglia, Camille Fourrier, Stéven Criquet, Damien Blaudez, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Luglia, Mathieu, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

22. Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on metal accumulation by poplar leaves at phytomanaged sites

Author: Michel Chalot, Valérie Bert, Phonethip Phanthavongsa, Arnaud Papin, Laurence Lacercat-Didier, Damien Blaudez, Sébastien Roy, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agronutrition
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, Populus trichocarpa, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Environmental remediation, Chemistry, Inoculation, Growing season, Biomass, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Abscission, Agronomy, Soil water, Cultivar, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Phytotechnologies for the management of lands contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are considered as gentle alternatives to conventional remediation techniques. During the last few years, phytotechnologies have progressively shifted to phytomanagement, a concept that includes the valorization of the plant biomass produced on the contaminated site. This study aimed at evaluating the mid-term effect of ecto- and endomycorrhizal inoculation on the reduction of PTE mobility in soils and foliar accumulation by two poplar clones, Skado ( Populus trichocarpa x P. maximowiczii ) and I-214 ( P. deltoides x P. nigra ), dedicated to bioenergy purposes. The effects of inoculation were investigated in two large scale trials of 1 ha each. Poplars grown on highly contaminated soils accumulated excessive Cd and Zn in leaves compared with those planted on less contaminated soils, and the I-214 clone generally accumulated less PTEs than the Skado clone. Interestingly, the filtering capacity of mycorrhizal fungi was significant for Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr in Skado leaves only at the most contaminated areas after two growing seasons. These foliar concentrations were not correlated with Ca(NO 3 ) 2 -extractable concentrations in soils, suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi limited PTE translocation from roots to leaves without impacting PTE mobility in soils. Therefore, the reduction of PTE accumulation in poplar leaves may be optimized by selecting appropriate combinations of cultivars and inocula at specific PTE levels and soil conditions. Because Cd and Zn may pose a risk after leaf abscission and wood harvest, further research is needed to efficiently reduce Cd and Zn concentrations in poplar tissues. Otherwise, the phytomanagement of metal contaminated sites with poplars should include options to safely manage both leaves and wood.
Published: 2017
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23. Environmental metabarcoding as a relevant tool to reveal structure and composition of microbial communities at phytomanagement sites

Author: Michel CHALOT, Julie Foulon, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Benoit Valot, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Blaudez, Damien
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

24. Pretreatment of trace element-enriched biomasses grown on phytomanaged soils for bioethanol production

Author: Isabelle Ziegler-Devin, Rolf Herzig, Michel Mench, Mohammad Asad, Valérie Bert, Zahra Menana, Michel Chalot, Nicolas Brosse, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois ( LERMAB ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques ( INERIS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés ( BioGeCo ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Phytotech Foundation, and Partenaires INRAE
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 020209 energy, Pulp (paper), Organosolv, Extraction (chemistry), Sulfuric acid, 02 engineering and technology, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Biorefinery, Pulp and paper industry, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Phytoremediation-borne biomass Pretreatment Metal Bioethanol, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Cellulosic ethanol, Botany, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, engineering, Lignin, Agronomy and Crop Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Phytotechnologies are a set of sustainable, ecological options notably for alleviating pollutant linkages induced by contaminated soils. However, concerns exist regarding the processing of trace elements (TE)-enriched biomass and the fate of TEs in the end-products. The fractionation of phytoremediation TE-enriched non-woody lignocellulosic (tobacco) and woody (birch, willow) phytoremediation-borne biomasses was studied using ethanol organosolv, soda and dilute acid pretreatments. TE distribution in the process fractions (pulp, liquid effluents and lignin) was further examined. In dilute acid conditions, a wood pretreatment performed at 170 °C in the presence of 2% w/w of sulfuric acid allowed an efficient extraction of the metals in the water effluent (≈90% for Mn and Zn) producing a clean pulp. A soda pretreatment resulted in a low metal extractability, especially at high temperature. At 170 °C or above with 15% w/w of NaOH, metals were mostly recovered in the cellulosic pulp (70%- 98%). Using organosolv pulping, the TE contents were in the decreasing order: pulp ≫ water stream > lignin. The TE organosolv extraction in the liquid phase varied depending on the TE metal and on the species but was generally low. Metal extractability increased with the water content in the solvent of the organosolv pulping but decreased with temperature. Enzymatic hydrolyses of TE-enriched and metal-free pulps were investigated and it was concluded that the TE concentrations had little or no effect on polysaccharide enzymatic hydrolysability by cellulases. The final destination of the various fractions for valorization in a biorefinery setting is discussed, regarding their TE content.
Published: 2017
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25. Phytoscreening as a tool to delineate Cl-VOCs plumes and prioritize pollution management efforts for large scale and multisource sites

Author: Sébastien Kaskassian, Loic Yung, Michel CHALOT, and Chalot, Michel
Subjects: [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment
Published: 2017

26. Poplar biomass production at phytomanagement sites is significantly enhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation

Author: Arnaud Papin, Julie Foulon, Loïc Yung, Olivier Girardclos, Cyril Zappelini, Michel Chalot, Valérie Bert, Damien Blaudez, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Sébastien Roy, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agronutrition, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques ( INERIS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), and Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Bioaugmentation, Inoculation, food and beverages, Biomass, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil contamination, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Bioremediation, Soil structure, Agronomy, Afforestation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Afforestation of trace element (TE)-contaminated soil, notably with fast growing trees producing large biomass has been demonstrated to be an attractive option for their bioremediation. Mycorrhizal fungi can form symbiotic associations with plants, contributing to TE tolerance and participating actively in bioremediation processes. We studied the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of two poplar clones (Skado and I214), to large-scale. Two TE-contaminated sites of ca . 1 ha (Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France) were planted with 2200 trees, and were either inoculated with a mixed commercial inoculum or not-inoculated and allometric parameters were determined after 2 and 4 years of growth. The height diameter relationships remained linear overtime, although the second period of the experiment has been more favorable to growth of the Skado clone and its survival rates were higher compared than those of the I214 clone, at both sites. The inoculation with mycorrhizal significantly impacted the biomass production of the Skado clone at both sites, despite striking differences in soil structure and contamination. In overall, this bioaugmentation option with mycorrhizal fungi influenced more poplar growth than soil contamination and highly improved its biomass production.
Published: 2017
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27. Isolation and characterization of arbuscular mycorhizal and dark-septate endophytic fungi: towards their use in the phytomanagement of metal-contamined sites?

Author: Charlotte Berthelot, Laurence Lacercat-Didier, Clémence Marchal, Julie Foulon, Thierry Beguiristain, Corinne Leyval, Michel CHALOT, Damien Blaudez, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

28. Large-scale demonstration of increased production of poplar biomass by mycorrhizal inoculation at metal-contaminated phytomanagement sites, and investigation of associated fungal communities

Author: Damien Blaudez, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Julie Foulon, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Olivier Girardclos, Benoit Valot, Valérie Bert, Sébastien Roy, Michel CHALOT, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Agronutrition
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

29. Isolation and characterization of Dark-Septate-Endophytes towards their use in the phytomanagement of metal contaminated sites

Author: Charlotte Berthelot, Julie Foulon, Thierry Beguiristain, Michel CHALOT, Corinne Leyval, Damien Blaudez, Blaudez, Damien, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

30. Environmental Metabarcoding Reveals Contrasting Belowground and Aboveground Fungal Communities from Poplar at a Hg Phytomanagement Site

Author: Julie Foulon, Benoît Valot, Michel Chalot, Hyun S. Gweon, Alexis Durand, François Maillard, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Thelephoraceae, Soil Science, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Diversity index, Microbial ecology, Botany, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, biology, Microbiota, fungi, Fungi, Mercury, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Aureobasidium pullulans, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Biology and Microbiology, 030104 developmental biology, Habitat, Guild, France, Species richness, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Characterization of microbial communities in stressful conditions at a field level is rather scarce, especially when considering fungal communities from aboveground habitats. We aimed at characterizing fungal communities from different poplar habitats at a Hg-contaminated phytomanagement site by using Illumina-based sequencing, network analysis approach, and direct isolation of Hg-resistant fungal strains. The highest diversity estimated by the Shannon index was found for soil communities, which was negatively affected by soil Hg concentration. Among the significant correlations between soil operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the co-occurrence network, 80% were negatively correlated revealing dominance of a pattern of mutual exclusion. The fungal communities associated with Populus roots mostly consisted of OTUs from the symbiotic guild, such as members of the Thelephoraceae, thus explaining the lowest diversity found for root communities. Additionally, root communities showed the highest network connectivity index, while rarely detected OTUs from the Glomeromycetes may have a central role in the root network. Unexpectedly high richness and diversity were found for aboveground habitats, compared to the root habitat. The aboveground habitats were dominated by yeasts from the Lalaria, Davidiella, and Bensingtonia genera, not detected in belowground habitats. Leaf and stem habitats were characterized by few dominant OTUs such as those from the Dothideomycete class producing mutual exclusion with other OTUs. Aureobasidium pullulans, one of the dominating OTUs, was further isolated from the leaf habitat, in addition to Nakazawaea populi species, which were found to be Hg resistant. Altogether, these findings will provide an improved point of reference for microbial research on inoculation-based programs of tailings dumps.
Published: 2017
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31. Phytoscreening as an efficient tool to delineate chlorinated solvent sources at a chlor-alkali facility

Author: Loïc Yung, Matt A. Limmer, Michel Chalot, Jérôme Lagron, David Cazaux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), INOVYN, INOVYN France, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware [Newark], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Halogenation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Trichloroethylene, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Alkalies, 010501 environmental sciences, Solid-phase microextraction, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Trees, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental Chemistry, Groundwater, Solid Phase Microextraction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Volatile Organic Compounds, Soil gas, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sampling (statistics), General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Contamination, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Solvents, Gas chromatography, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: Chlorinated ethenes (CE) are among the most common volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contaminate groundwater, currently representing a major source of pollution worldwide. Phytoscreening has been developed and employed through different applications at numerous sites, where it was generally useful for detection of subsurface chlorinated solvents. We aimed at delineating subsurface CE contamination at a chlor-alkali facility using tree core data that we compared with soil data. For this investigation a total of 170 trees from experimental zones was sampled and analyzed for perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations, measured by solid phase microextraction gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Within the panel of tree genera sampled, Quercus and Ulmus appeared to be efficient biomonitors of subjacent TCE and PCE contamination, in addition to the well known and widely used Populus and Salix genera. Among the 28 trees located above the dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) phase zone, 19 tree cores contained detectable amounts of CE, with concentrations ranging from 3 to 3000 μg L-1. Our tree core dataset was found to be well related to soil gas sampling results, although the tree coring data were more informative. Our data further emphasized the need for choosing the relevant tree species and sampling periods, as well as taking into consideration the nature of the soil and its heterogeneity. Overall, this low-invasive screening method appeared useful to delineate contaminants at a small-scale site impacted by multiple sources of chlorinated solvents.
Published: 2017
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32. Torrefaction and pyrolysis of metal-enriched poplars from phytotechnologies: Effect of temperature and biomass chlorine content on metal distribution in end-products and valorization options

Author: Philippe Sajet, Arnaud Papin, Cécile Raventos, Julienne Allemon, Sébastien Dieu, Serge Collet, Valérie Bert, Rodolphe Gaucher, Michel Chalot, Boudewijn Michiels, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Espace Bleu, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie / Nantes - Angers (CRCNA), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Hôpital Laennec-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques ( INERIS ), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie / Nantes - Angers ( CRCNA ), CHU Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ) -Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Faculté de Médecine d'Angers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Volatilisation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, 020209 energy, Biomass, chemistry.chemical_element, Forestry, 02 engineering and technology, Torrefaction, Soil contamination, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Metal, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, Botany, Biochar, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Chlorine, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, Pyrolysis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Torrefaction (290 °C) and pyrolysis (450 and 800 °C) trials were performed at pilot scale with a patented reactor on metal-enriched poplars from a contaminated soil managed by phytotechnologies and poplars cultivated on uncontaminated soil, for comparison. This study emphasized the influence of temperature on end-product yield, metal distribution in end-products and metal behavior. Results showed that the evolution of the end-product yield, i.e. biochar, bio-oil and gas fractions, was depending on temperature rather than other parameters such as the origin or metal content of the tested poplars. Torrefaction decreased the processed poplars weight, leading to metal-enriched torrefied biomass as a major end-product. At 450 and 800 °C, metal behavior was governed by temperature. Nevertheless, the different chlorine content of initial biomass was hypothesized to be an important factor that could modify the metal behavior by increasing metal volatilization at process temperatures. Amongst the studied metals, Zn and Pb were hypothesized to form volatile metal chlorides, therefore increased metal volatilization from Control poplar biomass could be explained by increased chlorine content of such biomass. At 450 °C, metals were recovered in biochar, then in bio-oil and finally in gases. At 800 °C, similar results were obtained for Cu, confirming that Cu was not easily volatilized. On the contrary, Zn, Pb and Cd were mostly recovered in gases, which became the second metal recovery compartment. According to metal concentrations, valorization options were discussed for end-products.
Published: 2017
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33. Accumulation of trace elements in edible crops and poplar grown on a titanium ore landfill

Author: Fabienne Tatin-Froux, Michel Chalot, Mohamad Assad, Damien Blaudez, Julien Parelle, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Tolerable daily intake, Crops, Agricultural, Gypsum, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Brassica, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Soil, Metals, Heavy, Pepper, Botany, Vegetables, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Soil Pollutants, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Titanium, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, fungi, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Lettuce, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Trace Elements, Plant Leaves, Waste Disposal Facilities, Populus, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract: Urban gardening has recently experienced rapid development; however, the risk of the transfer of toxic elements from neighboring industry needs to be evaluated. We performed a multi-elemental analysis with several common edible crops (cucumber, pepper, cabbage, and lettuce) and poplar grown directly on a titanium ore landfill as a maximized scenario of exposure. Despite elevated concentrations of soil Ca, Fe, Mn, and Ti resulting from the industrial process, we did not register higher accumulation of these elements in the edible parts of crops or in poplar leaves grown on red gypsum compared with the control soil. Only S concentrations were higher in plants grown on the red gypsum, especially for cabbage. The principal component analysis among elements for plants grown on red gypsum indicated that S and Mn were accumulated by different plant species than Cd, Cu, and Zn. The poplar clone had a significantly higher transfer of S and Cr than the control and is a suitable tree species for monitoring element transfer to vegetation in this industrial context. By comparing our data with tolerable daily intake (TDI) recommendations, we demonstrated the low risk of cultivating edible crops directly on an industrial substrate in a maximized scenario of exposure, except for Cr, for which the toxicity depends on the bioavailable form. However, we did not consider the cumulative effects of the various elements because there are no current guidelines, and further research is needed to address this question.
Published: 2017
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34. Isolation and characterization of dark septate endophytes: towards their use in the phytomanagement of metal-contaminated sites?

Author: Charlotte Berthelot, Corinne Leyval, Julie Foulon, Michel CHALOT, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Blaudez, Damien
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

35. Plant growth promotion, metabolite production and metal tolerance of dark septate endophytes isolated from metal-polluted poplar phytomanagement sites

Author: Corinne Leyval, Michel Chalot, Charlotte Berthelot, Damien Blaudez, Julie Foulon, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plant Development, Context (language use), Fungus, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Plant Roots, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Ascomycota, Auxin, Botany, Phialophora, Endophytes, Soil Pollutants, Colonization, Betula, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, biology, Indoleacetic Acids, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Eucalyptus, 030104 developmental biology, Biodegradation, Environmental, chemistry, Metals, Shoot, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Numerous studies address the distribution and the diversity of dark septate endophytes (DSEs) in the literature, but little is known about their ecological role and their effect on host plants, especially in metal-polluted soils. Seven DSE strains belonging to Cadophora, Leptodontidium, Phialophora and Phialocephala were isolated from roots of poplar trees from metal-polluted sites. All strains developed on a wide range of carbohydrates, including cell-wall-related compounds. The strains evenly colonized birch, eucalyptus and ryegrass roots in re-synthesis experiments. Root and shoot growth promotion was observed and was both plant and strain dependent. Two Phialophora and Leptodontidium strains particularly improved plant growth. However, there was no correlation between the level of root colonization by DSEs and the intensity of growth promotion. All strains produced auxin and six also stimulated plant growth through the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). SPME-GC/MS analyses revealed four major VOCs emitted by Cadophora and Leptodontidium The strains exhibited growth at high concentrations of several metals. The ability of metal-resistant DSE strains to produce both soluble and volatile compounds for plant growth promotion indicates interesting microbial resources with high potential to support sustainable production of bioenergy crops within the context of the phytomanagement of metal-contaminated sites.
Published: 2016
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36. Environmental metabarcoding reveals contrasting microbial communities at two poplar phytomanagement sites

Author: Olivier Girardclos, Benoît Valot, Damien Blaudez, Michel Chalot, Alexis Durand, Cyril Zappelini, Julie Foulon, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Environmental Engineering, Soil test, 030106 microbiology, Biology, Actinobacteria, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Diversity index, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Dominance (ecology), DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Waste Management and Disposal, Soil Microbiology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, Ascomycota, Bacteria, Ecology, Microbiota, Alphaproteobacteria, Fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Waste Disposal Facilities, 030104 developmental biology, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Soil water, France, Acidobacteria
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to deepen the current understanding of the microbial communities at two poplar phytomanagement sites to reveal the environmental factors that drive the abundance, diversity and composition of microbial communities. A soil analysis revealed that the two soils displayed contrasting physico-chemical characteristics, with significant lower pH and higher Cd, Zn and Mn CaCl2-extractable fractions at Leforest site, compared with Pierrelaye site. The fungal and bacterial community profiles in the poplar roots and soils were assessed through Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Diversity indices and β-diversity measures illustrated that the root microbial communities were well separated from the soil microbial communities at both sites. A detailed study of the fungal composition showed that Ascomycota dominated the overall fungal communities on poplar soil, the root samples at Pierrelaye, and the unplanted soil at the experimental sites. Conversely, Basidiomycota accounted for a much higher percentage of the fungal community in poplar root samples from the Leforest site. The root bacterial communities were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and the soil samples were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The occurrence and dominance of the ectomycorrhizal community at Leforest but not at Pierrelaye is the major feature of our data set. Overall, ectomycorrhizal root symbionts appeared to be highly constrained by soil characteristics at the phytomanagement sites. Our data support the view that mycorrhizal inoculation is needed in highly stressed and nutrient-poor environments.
Published: 2016
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37. Mercury uptake into poplar leaves

Author: Mohamad Assad, Michel Chalot, Frédéric Gimbert, Fabienne Tatin-Froux, Julien Parelle, David Cazaux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Solvay, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Populus trichocarpa, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Field experiment, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Cutting, Dry weight, Botany, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, Mercury, General Medicine, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Tailings, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Mercury (element), Plant Leaves, Populus, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, France, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Tailings dumps require mercury stabilization to prevent air pollution by evaporated mercury, which can be achieved through plant covers. Plants are considered a net sink for atmospheric Hg via incorporation into leaf tissues. However, most studies related to Hg uptake by plants have considered plants exposed to only atmospheric Hg, whereas in the case of tailings dumps, plants are potentially exposed to both soil and atmospheric Hg. The goal of this work is to evaluate the relative contributions of root and atmospheric pathways by growing poplar (Populus trichocarpa X Populus maximowiczii/var Skado) cuttings on either control or polluted substrates and under either natural or controlled exposure conditions. We showed that foliar Hg concentrations significantly increased with age, reaching 120 ng g(-1) dry mass when poplars were exposed to Hg-contaminated substrate under natural exposure. Remarkably, we did not observe significantly different Hg concentrations in poplar leaves grown on either the control or polluted substrates when cultivated together in growth chambers. Our set of data prompted us to conclude that Hg entry into poplar leaves is exclusively through an atmospheric pathway. Our results are discussed in line with existing literature.
Published: 2016
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38. Diversity and complexity of microbial communities from a chlor-alkali tailings dump

Author: Laurence Lacercat-Didier, Battle Karimi, Daniel Gilbert, Michel Chalot, Charles W. Greer, Benoît Valot, Cyril Zappelini, Julie Foulon, Etienne Yergeau, François Maillard, David Cazaux, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Solvay, National Research Council of Canada ( NRC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LCE - Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249), INOVYN, INOVYN France, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbial networks, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Electric network topology, Hebeloma, Bacteria (microorganisms), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Rhizosphere, Bar coding, Ecology, Soil physico-chemical properties, Fungal community, Rhizosphere microbial communities, Anthropogenic soils, Soil type, Tailings, Tailings dump, Soil conservation, Bacterial community, Gammaproteobacteria, Complex networks, Microorganisms, Soil Science, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Revegetation, Microbial ecology, Pseudomonas, Botany, Dominance (ecology), Ecological restoration, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bar-coding, Geopora, Bacteria, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Microbial population biology, Internal transcribed spacers, 13. Climate action, RNA
Abstract: Revegetation of the tailings dumps produced by various industrial activities is necessary to prevent dust storms and erosion and represents a great challenge for ecological restoration. Little is known about the microbial colonisation and community structure of revegetated tailings following site exploitation. Here, we report the sequencing of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fungal RNA gene amplicons from chlor-alkali residue and from an adjacent undisturbed soil to define the composition and assembly of the rhizosphere microbial communities. After quality filtering, a total of 72,373 and 89,929 bacterial sequences and 122,618 and 111,209 fungal sequences remained for community analysis from undisturbed soil and tailings dump samples, respectively. These reads were affiliated with 45 bacterial and 9 fungal phyla and 113 bacterial and 35 fungal classes. We observed a clear dominance of Gammaproteobacteria at our study site (24% of total sequences), especially of the Pseudomonas genera (72% of Gammaproteobacteria sequences), together with the dominance of a few fungal taxa, such as Hebeloma and Geopora. However, we also noticed that the core microbiome comprised 64.4% and 62.4% of the bacterial and fungal genera, respectively, despite marked differences in soil physico-chemical properties. A heatmap of correlations between soil parameters and taxa confirmed that approximately 50% of the 33 dominant taxa colonised both types of soil. We further demonstrated that the global bacterial-fungal network topology of the dump approximated that of the undisturbed soil. Our approach illuminates the importance of studying more than just a single component of the microbial community and represents a step forward in uncovering the microbial ecology of disturbed environments beyond what is generally found in conventional studies. Our study also provides novel global community proxies that have led us to conclude that environmental filtering is more likely to occur through the activity of tree roots rather than as a result of specific soil characteristics and could be an important force in the assembly of at least some microbial communities.
Published: 2015
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39. Genotypic variations in the dynamics of metal concentrations in poplar leaves: A field study with a perspective on phytoremediation

Author: Michel Chalot, Cindy Victor, Mathieu Pottier, Laure C. David, Sébastien Thomine, Vanesa S. García de la Torre, Institut des sciences du végétal ( ISV ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Polluted soils, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biology, Toxicology, Positive correlation, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Metal, Soil, Abscission, Botany, Genotype, Gene expression, Soil Pollutants, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, fungi, Trace element, food and beverages, General Medicine, Pollution, Trace Elements, Plant Leaves, Zinc, Phytoremediation, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Metals, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental Pollution, Cadmium
Abstract: International audience; a b s t r a c t Poplar is commonly used for phytoremediation of metal polluted soils. However, the high concentrations of trace elements present in leaves may return to soil upon leaf abscission. To investigate the mechanisms controlling leaf metal content, metal concentrations and expression levels of genes involved in metal transport were monitored at different developmental stages on leaves from different poplar genotypes growing on a contaminated field. Large differences in leaf metal concentrations were observed among genotypes. Whereas Mg was remobilized during senescence, Zn and Cd accumulation continued until leaf abscission in all genotypes. A positive correlation between Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1) expres-sion levels and Zn bio-concentration factors was observed. Principal component analyses of metal concentrations and gene expression levels clearly discriminated poplar genotypes. This study highlights a general absence of trace element remobilization from poplar leaves despite genotype specificities in the control of leaf metal homeostasis.
Published: 2015
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40. Phytoscreening-based assessment of mercury in soil

Author: Michel Chalot, Lian Liang, Jean Christophe Balouet, Gary N. Bigham, Exponent, Inc, International Environmental, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trees, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Soil, Rivers, Water uptake, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Soil Pollutants, Soil solution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, Rhizosphere, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemistry, Virginia, General Medicine, Mercury, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Mercury (element), Environmental chemistry, Soil horizon, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether phytoscreening techniques could be used to characterize the distribution of Hg in soil at the South River, VA. An estimated 500 to 1000 kg of Hg was released to the South River in the 1930s and 1940s from a synthetic fiber manufacturing plant located in Waynesboro, contaminating the floodplain downstream. Under background conditions (soil Hg
Published: 2015
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41. SCANCHEM : un outil d'analyse issue du projet PIT pour la dendrochimie appliquée aux sols pollués

Author: Francois Beaujard, Chris Balouet, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), International Environmental, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME). FRA., Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier ( PIAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Biodiversity and Ecology, SCANCHEM, dendrochimie, sols pollués, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vegetal Biology, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biologie végétale
Abstract: absent
Published: 2014

42. Essais à grande échelle de phytostabilisation aidée couplée à une valorisation biomasse en bois énergie

Author: Valérie Bert, Battle Karimi, Mohamad Assad, Damien Blaudez, Olivier Girardclos, Pierre Boucard, Cécile Raventos, Sébastien Roy, Arnaud Papin, Michel CHALOT, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agronutrition, and Civs, Gestionnaire
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: National audience; Les projets PHYTOSED échelle 1 et BIOFILTREE ont comme objectifs de démontrer la pertinence de la phytostabilisation aidée couplée à la valorisation de la biomasse en bois-énergie. A grande échelle, sur plusieurs hectares de terres polluées par les éléments traces, la technique de phytostabilisation aidée a été mise en oeuvre en testant des protocoles différents (ex : amendement chimique dans le cas de PHYTOSED Echelle 1 et amendement biologique dans le cas de BIOFILTREE). Le retour d’expérience a permis de valider l’utilisation d’espèces végétales pertinentes pour la phytostabilisation (ex : canche cespiteuse, peupliers SKADO) et de définir des protocoles pour la mise en oeuvre de cette technique en fonction des caractéristiques des sols pollués. Les résultats issus de la première année de suivi ne mettent pas en évidence d’effet significatif des amendements sur la diminution des transferts de Zn et de Cd dans les feuilles des espèces végétales étudiées (canche, saules, peupliers). En revanche, l’inoculation de peupliers SKADO a un effet positif sur le rendement en biomasse de ces arbres. La poursuite de l’analyse des transferts de polluants vers les parties récoltables des végétaux devrait permettre de vérifier l’effet des amendements sur ce paramètre et d’orienter les végétaux vers une filière de valorisation pertinente.
Published: 2014

43. Large scale demonstration of tree-based phytostabilization assisted by symbiotic fungi of metal-contaminated sites

Author: Damien Blaudez, Charlotte Berthelot, Julie Foulon, Mohamad Assad, Olivier Girardclos, Battle Karimi, Corinne Leyval, Valérie Bert, Sébastien Roy, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agronutrition, KALOGERAKIS, N., MANIOS, T., and Civs, Gestionnaire
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, fungi, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, food and beverages
Abstract: International audience; We developed an integrated bioremediation strategy that combines two poplar clones with rhizospheric microorganisms, exploiting the complex interactions evolved for the mutual benefit of both organisms, in which plant roots provide habitat, nutrients and exudates to microbial populations, whereas microbes facilitate mineral nutrition of plants The rationale behind combining tree species and mycorrhizal fungi resides in the fact that poplar species selected are fast growing, producing large amount of harvestable biomass and capable of forming arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with fungi. Hosting different mycorrhizal types might be of functional importance for plant nutrition and has been shown to contribute to metal tolerance of host plants as fungi can reduce the metal uptake by the plant by sequestration, extracellular precipitation and biosorption to the cell walls. Indeed, a number of recent data support the hypothesis that mycorrhizal fungi play a filtering/sequestering role on plant roots enhancing root to shoot metal ratio and increasing survival rate in harsh conditions Implementations of large scale field trials of poplars (SRC) inoculated with symbiotic microorganisms have been set up. Three sites of about 1 ha have been selected on the basis of (i) contaminants pollution level/history, (ii) hydrological/soil conditions, (iii) ongoing soil remediation research. The first site is a former agricultural area contaminated for nearly a century by metals due to the deposit of waste waters from the city of Paris. The second site is an industrial tailing pond contaminated by mercury and arsenic. The third site is a former agricultural soil that received large amounts of metal-enriched sediments. Poplars were planted and inoculated or not with a consortium of mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal species were chosen from results of molecular analyses of the mycorrhizal diversity of poplar roots collected from several metal-polluted sites. Genomic analyses revealed a predominance of Glomus and Hebeloma species. Two year after planting, woody biomasses were estimated using dendrometric parameters. Mycorrhizal poplars produced significantly more biomass than non inoculated ones. Height, diameter, and basal area of inoculated trees varied among the three studied sites and were generally between 15 and 35% higher when compared to non inoculated trees. From these experimental sites, we have also developed a strategy for isolating fungal strains of interest. We have therefore isolated a set of ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal isolates, as well as fungal endophytes from poplar roots. The isolated strains were first characterized and tested in metal tolerance assays and the most tolerant strains were used in a second set of experiments for their capacity to improve plant growth under controlled conditions. Four fungal strains were able to stimulate growth of their host plants. The two most promising strains, belonging to the group of dark-septate endophytes, were find to be tolerant to a set of metals and significantly improve plant growth. We also succeeded in isolating and producing in vitro large scale inocula of several endomycorrhizal isolates. The usefulness of symbiotic inocula for biomass production on metal-polluted sites, as well as their potential for improving the efficiency of phytotechnologies in the remediation process will be further discussed.
Published: 2014

44. OmGOGAT-disruption in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius induces reorganization of the N pathway and reduces tolerance to heavy-metals

Author: Hassine-Radhouane Khouja, Stefania Daghino, Silvia Perotto, F Boutaraa, Michel Chalot, Damien Blaudez, Simona Abbà, Elena Martino, Laboratorio di Biochimica - Dipartimento Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino ( UNITO ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dipartimento di Matematica F. Brioschi ( MOX ), Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology [University of Turin], University of Turin, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nitrogen, Nitrogen assimilation, Mutant, Vaccinium myrtillus, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome, Glutamine synthetase, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Transformation, Genetic, Ascomycota, Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase, Mycorrhizae, Glutamate synthase, Genetics, Nitrogen metabolism, Insertional mutagenesis, Mycorrhizal fungi, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Cadmium, biology, Glutamate Synthase, Heavy metal tolerance, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Glutamine, Oxidative Stress, Protein Subunits, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+), Gene Deletion, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungi are key mediators of soil-to-plant movement of mineral nutrients, including essential and non-essential metals. In soil conditions that facilitate mobilization of metal ions, potentially toxic metals can interfere with nitrogen metabolism in both plants and microorganisms. Less is known about possible relationships between nitrogen metabolism and responses to heavy metals. Aim of this study was to investigate this aspect in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius strain Zn, a metal tolerant ascomycete. Growth of O. maius Zn on zinc and cadmium containing media was significantly affected by the nitrogen source. Screening of a library of O. maius Zn random genetic transformants for sensitivity to heavy metals (zinc and cadmium) and oxidative stress (menadione) yielded a mutant strain that carried a partial deletion of the glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT EC 1.4.1.14) gene and its adjacent gene, the APC15 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex. Comparison of WT and OmGOGAT-OmAPC15 mutant strains indicated an impaired N-metabolism and altered stress tolerance, and assays on the OrnAPC15-recomplemented strains ascribed the observed phenotypes to the deletion in the OmGOGAT gene. OmGOGAT disruption modified the nitrogen pathway, with a strong reduction of the associated glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) activity and an up-regulation of the alternative NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH, EC 1.4.1.4) pathway for glutamate biosynthesis. Unless they were supplemented with glutamine, O. maius Zn transformants lacking OmCOGAT were very sensitive to zinc. These results highlight the importance of nitrogen metabolism not only for nitrogen assimilation and transformation, but also for stress tolerance. For mycorrhizal fungi, such as O. maius, this may bear consequences not only to the fungus, but also to the host plant. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014
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45. Dendrochemical patterns of calcium, zinc, and potassium related to internal factors detected by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)

Author: Håkan Grudd, Don A. Vroblesky, Michel Chalot, Jean Christophe Balouet, François Beaujard, Kevin T. Smith, Walter C. Shortle, Joel G. Burken, United States Department of Agriculture, International Environmental, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T), University of Missouri System, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier ( PIAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: bois, Wood calcium, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Potassium, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cation distribution, MESH: Zinc, Annual growth %, Trees, MESH : Trees, MESH : Environmental Monitoring, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, MESH: Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, General Medicine, Contamination, Pollution, Zinc, Metals, Environmental chemistry, MESH: Calcium, Dendrochemistry, Wood potassium, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, X-ray fluorescence, Calcium, dendrochimie, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, MESH : Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Environmental Chemistry, MESH : Calcium, MESH: Metals, MESH : Metals, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, General Chemistry, MESH : Zinc, Highly sensitive, MESH: Trees, MESH : Potassium, chemistry, 13. Climate action, MESH: Potassium, Biomineralization
Abstract: International audience; Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) provides highly sensitive and precise spatial resolution of cation content in individual annual growth rings in trees. The sensitivity and precision have prompted successful applications to forensic dendrochemistry and the timing of environmental releases of contaminants. These applications have highlighted the need to distinguish dendrochemical effects of internal processes from environmental contamination. Calcium, potassium, and zinc are three marker cations that illustrate the influence of these processes. We found changes in cation chemistry in tree rings potentially due to biomineralization, development of cracks or checks, heartwood/sapwood differentiation, intra-annual processes, and compartmentalization of infection. Distinguishing internal from external processes that affect dendrochemistry will enhance the value of EDXRF for both physiological and forensic investigations.
Published: 2014
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46. The use of dendrochemistry to reveal pollution history

Author: Michel CHALOT, Francois Beaujard, Hélène Roussel, Chris Balouet, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes ( IAM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier ( PIAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences (EuCheMS). Bruxelles, BEL., and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: arbre, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vegetal Biology, donnée analytique, dendrochemistry, pollution, cerne d'accroissement, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, dendrochimie, Biologie végétale, chimie du bois
Abstract: Poster + résuméPoster + résumé; Tree rings provide a record of environmental change within the biological requirements of tree survival. Dendrochemistry has successfully applied several analytical techniques for solidstate analysis (e.g., energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), particle-induced X-ray emission), analysis of wood extracts or digests (e.g., inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICPMS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)). EDXRF methods tend to be favored largely because of the capacity for simultaneous analysis of 31 target or marker elements and compounds at a high spatial resolution (50 μm) across the tree-ring sample. In this study, we describe the dendrochemical investigation methods and results in known pollution cases, contaminations with PAH, HVOC, PCB and BTEX or metallic compounds, within the course of an international project named PIT (pollution investigation by trees). Since PIT was to run over 40 cores for its dendrochemical investigations, and owing to the complexity of handling such large files combining serial entries, multiple compounds, (up to 200 000 data entries per tree core resulting from line scanning the cores every 50 μm and over 30 analytical data gained at each point) and a variety of computational operations needed, a Microsoft Excel template was developed and named SCANCHEM. This template eases data preparation and organization of dendrochemical analyses and data exchanges within the scientific team.
Published: 2013

47. OmZnT1 and OmFET, two metal transporters from the metal-tolerant strain Zn of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius, confer zinc tolerance in yeast

Author: Damien Blaudez, Pierre Richaud, Hassine Radhouane Khouja, Didier Doillon, Marta Vallino, Simona Abbà, Elena Martino, Laurence Lacercat-Didier, Silvia Perotto, Michel Chalot, Stefania Daghino, Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 ( BVME ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 (BVME), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Iron, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mutant, Biology, Endoplasmic Reticulum, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Ascomycota, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Genetics, medicine, Mycorrhizal fungi, Oidiodendron maius, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Iron permease, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Permease, Poisoning, Endoplasmic reticulum, Cation diffusion facilitator, Zinc tolerance, Membrane Transport Proteins, Yeast, Heavy Metal Poisoning, Complementation, Zinc, Biochemistry, Zinc toxicity, Heterologous expression
Abstract: Two full-length cDNAs (OmZnT1 and OmFET) encoding membrane transporters were identified by yeast functional screening in the heavy metal tolerant ericoid mycorrhizal isolate Oidiodendron maius Zn. OmZnT1 belongs to the Zn-Type subfamily of the cation diffusion facilitators, whereas OmFET belongs to the family of iron permeases. Their properties were investigated in yeast by functional complementation of mutants affected in metal uptake and metal tolerance. Heterologous expression of OmZnT1 and OmFET in a Zn-sensitive yeast mutant restored the wild-type phenotype. Additionally, OmZnT1 expression also restored cobalt tolerance in a Co-sensitive mutant. A GFP fusion protein revealed that OmZnT1 was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, a result consistent with a function for OmZnT1 in metal sequestration. Similarly to other iron permeases, OmFET-GFP was localized on the plasma membrane. OmFET restored the growth of uptake-defective strains for iron and zinc. Zinc-sensitive yeast mutants expressing OmFET specifically accumulated magnesium, as compared to cells transformed with the empty vector. We suggest that OmFET may counteract zinc toxicity by increasing entry of magnesium into the cell.
Published: 2013
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48. The PHYTOPOP experience : biomass production and valorization on ETM contaminated soils

Author: Michel CHALOT, Blaudez, D., Christophe Pascual, Anne Sophie Provent, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes ( IAM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

49. Phytoremédiation et qualité de l'air sont-elles compatibles ?

Author: Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

50. Les sols pollués : déchets ou opportunités ?

Author: Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

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