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Copyright of Journal of International Business Studies is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We propose a conceptual model of the key antecedents and outcomes of consumer perceptions of the two components of foreign country image (CI), namely, general country image (GCI) and product country image (PCI), which we meta-analytically tested with input derived from 253 studies included in 176 empirical articles published in the last five decades. Our meta-analysis revealed that both GCI and PCI were positively influenced by foreign brand-, product-, and country-familiarity. Both GCI and PCI were negatively driven by consumer ethnocentrism and animosity, while patriotism generated a negative effect on PCI, but not on GCI. Consumer demographics rarely exhibited a significant association with each of these two image dimensions, with the exception of education that positively affected PCI and income that positively impacted GCI. GCI exhibited a positive effect on PCI perceptions, while both of them had a strong positive impact on evaluation, attitude, and purchase intention associated with foreign products. With a few exceptions, the previous construct associations were moderated by differences between reference and focal countries with regard to their level of economic development, degree of innovativeness, level of industrial performance, and degree of political risk. Finally, study-related time period, focal fieldwork country, and product involvement type exhibited strong control effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Business Studies is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scholarly research regarding origins of products and brands is deep-rooted within international marketing, with an extraordinary following as evidenced by the large body of literature that is continuing to evolve. Our goal in this research is to examine this domain, generically referred to as the country-of-origin (CO) literature, and identify the most influential contributions and their corresponding topics that form the intellectual foundations of this knowledge domain. Using citation and co-citation analyses, we develop a spatial representation of the CO literature via multidimensional scaling with two concurrent goals of unfolding the literature's knowledge structure as the basis for proposing a conceptual framework and identifying new research directions in the field. Our database consists of 482 articles, extracted from the Web of Science, that contain 33,194 citations through 2019. We develop a managerially relevant conceptual approach based on the results of our co-citations–based CO knowledge structure to unfold new research directions and expand the boundaries of the CO literature in fruitful directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational culture is a strategic resource that influences a range of activities within firms, and empirical evidence from management and marketing demonstrates that it impacts performance. In this study, we investigate how organic types of organizational culture (i.e., adhocracy and clan) serve as a strategic resource to influence marketing effectiveness and performance in an emerging economy, using an extended form of the resource-based view as our theoretical framework. We posit that organic cultures, which are relatively dominant in emerging-nation firms, serve as antecedents of competitive advantage and superior performance. We selected China as the context to test the veracity of our model and use multiple informants and archival performance data to minimize common method variance. Our results support the proposed model and demonstrate that organic cultures impact market responsiveness, while confirming the critical roles of market responsiveness and product strategy change in producing superior performance. We further demonstrate a direct effect between clan culture and product strategy change, in addition to its indirect effect. Importantly, our results uncover that, although individually either adhocracy or clan culture can significantly improve the firm's responsiveness, their combined effect does not enhance market responsiveness; that is, their interaction yields a negative coefficient. Additionally, the influence of organic cultures on market responsiveness varies across different industry types. These important differences, along with theoretical contributions and managerial implications of our findings, are discussed, and several avenues for future research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the citations used in the global branding literature (GBL), and evaluates the knowledge structure of this area of research to date. Our bibliometric analysis involves an examination of 120 global branding articles in business-related research. We employ multidimensional scaling to reveal a range of intellectual influences that have helped shape the GBL. The foundation of knowledge in the GBL is uncovered by analyzing co-citation data to identify important topical influences in the formation of global branding research. The conceptual framework developed incorporates five areas with important implications for the future development of global branding as an area of inquiry. These major research topics in the GBL are international branding strategy, brand positioning, brand/country origin, brand concept-image, and brand performance. We leverage resource- and capability-based paradigms, and use the five underpinning knowledge groups to propose an agenda for future research that fills existing gaps and offers the potential to advance and enrich the GBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the underlying forces that shape the international marketing (IM) field using three bibliometric methods: exploratory factor analysis (EFA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and metric multidimensional scaling (MDS). We apply these techniques to evaluate the knowledge structure of IM publications for the 1999-2008 period and to concurrently provide a supplemental examination of the findings for the 2009-2010 period. Overall, our database contains 228,929 citations used in 3,632 IM articles from 34 academic journals in which marketing publications appear. We initially trace the underpinning knowledge structure in the literature in five-year increments for all influential IM publications. We then refine our analysis and examine marketing-centered scholarly influences on the IM literature and undertake an examination of the developments in later years. The results indicate that the IM field is expanding and is considerably more inclusive, sophisticated, and increasingly more complex than in earlier periods. Our findings also demonstrate that other disciplines (principally management) have had a profound influence on the development of the IM literature during the 12-year period under investigation. Using the bibliometric results derived from our data, we provide guidelines for future research and contrast them with those forwarded in review studies of the international marketing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes and tests an integrative model that incorporates the mental resources framework (MOA: motivation, opportunity, and ability) alongside traditional innovation adoption predictors for assessing the adoption of dual-functionality innovations (DFI), a special case of multifunctional innovations (MFI). The multifunctional nature of an increasing number of new products demands the use of mental resources in evaluating new offers, as the comprehension of MFIs is more demanding (i.e., requires more mental resources) than single-functionality (SF) products. The proposed model also recognizes the role of MFI categorization as a critical link in the process, because an MFI, and within the context of our study a DFI, helps consumers achieve multiple goals if they realize its dual functionality. Our model demonstrates that mental resources play a significant role in consumers' adoption decisions and should be included in studies of MFI adoption. Further, our integrative model offers a significant improvement over rival alternatives that use only traditional innovation adoption predictors. Thus, the model offers a new approach for estimating MFI adoption with a superior predictive power and facilitates the development of appropriate marketing strategies for such products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ever-growing literature has reported consumer bias toward national origins of products, and has explored factors that moderate such bias. Researchers have assumed, if only tacitly, that consumers are knowledgeable of brand origins, and that this knowledge is a significant influence that drives judgments of product quality, brand attitudes, and choice behavior in the marketplace. Using categorization theory and attribute diagnosticity as the theoretical foundation, our research reveals that consumers actually have only modest knowledge of the national origins of brands, and that American consumers' proficiency at recognizing foreign brand origins is predicted by variables such as socioeconomic status, past international travel, foreign language skills, and gender. In the second of two studies, we determined that brand origin recognition is based largely on consumers' associations of brand names with languages that suggest country origins. These studies ultimately lead us to conclude that past research has inflated the influence that country of origin information has on consumers' product judgments and behavior and its importance in managerial and public policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volume of scholarly work in cross-cultural advertising has been increasing in recent years. This study examines empirical studies in this area from a methodological perspective. Cross-cultural research designs should include many critical facets that do not surface in studies involving single cultures. These facets are discussed within the context of cross-cultural advertising literature. It is apparent from this review that a sharper focus on cross-cultural research tools and considerations can strengthen studies of advertising, lead to more robust results, and increase validity and reliability. Both students and practitioners need meaningful and generalizable findings that will emerge only when strict methodological considerations are adhered to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reports on consumers' cognitive structures for countries and their products. in-depth personal interviews identified respondents' knowledge, beliefs, myths, and other relevant cognitions related to a diverse set of 11 countries and their products. Derived cognitive dimensions were analyzed via correspondence analysis, and the 11 countries were subsequently grouped into five sets, or cognitive categories. In addition to the empirical findings, the article introduces the concept of country equity as a new way of thinking about global brands and discusses managerial implications related thereto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary focus of this study is an examination of differences between characteristics and activities of sporadic and regular exporters. This mode of classifying exporting firms, which has not previously been studied in a rigorous fashion is shown to be valid and has important policy implications. This classification is robust, with a high degree of convergent and internal validity. The two groups are shown to be similar along several key dimensions of exporting behavior such as size, age, and size of export orders. However, there are distinct differences with regard to such factors as initial market entry influences, export profit mare gins, export distribution channels, and information use. These critical differences relate to dynamism and level of export marketing activities undertaken. Conceptual, practical, and policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates the state of the art in understanding consumer behavior. Criteria for the evaluation of consumer behavior assessment models; Objectives of consumer behavior assessment models; Problems associated with the models developed.

Determines the importance of the various elements of the marketing mix for managing the marketing operations. Relative interval ranks of marketing mix elements and percentage of firms selecting them; Rank of customer service support; Changes in marketing practice; Views of marketing executives on the importance of various elements of marketing strategy contributing to the success of their firms.

Marketing scholars' interest in the influence of source countries on product evaluations has intensified during the past twenty-five years. As this research tradition has evolved, the literature has gradually gained more depth and sophistication. Nevertheless, research in this area lacks a common conceptual framework. Furthermore, research priorities with regard to the role of this area of inquiry within the broader field of consumer behavior, marketing and general business decisions have not been made clear. This article rationalizes the buying decision processes within the context of source-country influences and offers a conceptual framework for further development. In addition, it links country-level considerations to firm-level decisionmaking, thus providing a foundation for meaningful managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. This article examines the implications of transnational data flow constraints for international business. The need for a free flow of information across national boundaries--facilitating international business and reducing costs for multinational corporations--is discussed. Although both large and small firms are affected by transnational data constraints, companies that are managed in a decentralized fashion are affected to a lesser degree. Economic protectionism has emerged as a major reason for regulating transnational data flow by nation states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, European countries have faced an ever increasing level of activities by consumerists. Much of this activity is aimed at regulating and controlling advertising. This article examines the views of advertising industry and corporate advertising executives toward this movement in two neighboring European countries: West Germany and Switzerland. Results show that even though these countries have different levels of advertising regulation, the executives in both countries hold generally similar attitudes toward most advertising issues. Additionally, the Swiss respondents, more so than the West Germans, feel consumer organizations have more influence on advertising regulation. West German respondents, on the other hand, more strongly favor self-control as a means of advertising regulation. Finally, the Swiss respondents show a more favorable view toward corrective advertising as a method of controlling misleading advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a tribute to marketing scholar and professor emeritus at the Ohio State University, Robert D. W. Bartels. He was born in Wheeling, West Virginia on January 28, 1913, where he completed high school. Professor Bartels received his undergraduate education at Carnegie Institute of Technology and the Ohio State University, where he received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1935. He initially taught at the University of Washington and for a short period, at the University of California in Berkeley. Prior to his debut in the marketing literature, little consideration had been given to the formal aspects of marketing theory, He noted in 1970 that 50 years of marketing literature had produced little interest in examining the nature of theory in marketing, though there had been much enthusiasm for studying the nature of marketing. Professor Bartels' approach to the study of marketing and marketing literature earned him his popularity.