Search

Park tourist facility managers need to understand guests' preferences for elements of the accommodation experience to provide an ideal mix of attributes. Hedonic pricing models were used earlier to estimate the implicit effect of facilities' characteristics on room rates. But these models do not account for possible spatial variations in the relationships. This study assessed the global and spatial influence of facilities' attributes on room rates in Amboseli, Tsavo East, and Tsavo West National Parks, the three contiguous most visited parks in Kenya, an important wildlife tourism destination, using data from on–line and geographical information systems. Results of the global model indicate that the availability of buffet breakfast, bathrobes, plunge pools, and ecolodge designs positively influences room rates, while the distance to aesthetic appreciation hotpots inversely correlates to rates. The spatial model uncovering non–stationarity in estimating the effects of facilities' attributes on room rates, predicts that the causal effects are better in particular places. It also revealed that particular facility attributes influenced room rates more strongly than others. The results of the global model can help park managers design destination marketing programmes while the facilities may use the spatial model to derive indices for product design and marketing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing interest in the use and utility of news media content analysis in tourism research. We report a content analysis of 153 news media articles on a topic of growing interest among tourism researchers globally: tourism and biosecurity. Our work is based on media reports from Aotearoa New Zealand news sources over the period 2009–2019, identifying five key themes. Together they illustrate how tourism, nature conservation, agriculture, horticulture and forestry are utterly and irretrievably interconnected in global flows of people and organisms. They also highlight the important role played by the many actors at policy and operational levels in tourism and border control that have a role to play in minimising potential impacts of biosecurity breaches. We conclude by discussing the value of media content analyses in tourism research stressing that the method, on its own, will reveal only part of the story, and should always be followed up with more intense and critical interrogation of the issues under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two sediment profiles exposed along the floodplain of the Tennessee River provide an excellent opportunity to compare radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating of fluvial sediments, and to use soil micromorphology as a tool to assess the reliability of these dating methods. The profiles occur as vertical stacks of floodplain soils, buried soils, and fluvial deposits, with the sediments of both profiles indicating an alluvial origin, but with different degrees of soil development. Micromorphological analysis showed pedogenic clay coatings are common in both profiles. These pedofeatures provide evidence of relative age of the deposits, because layered, well-developed, thick clay coatings generally take thousands of years to form. Radiocarbon results indicate that the profiles span from the late early Holocene to late Holocene. OSL dating indicates that one profile is relatively recent (<600 yrs. B.P.) while the other is of late middle Holocene age (3.2 ka B.P. to 5.3 ka B.P.). Clay coatings support the results from OSL because the relatively recent profile has very thin coatings, in contrast with thick, well-developed clay coatings in the older profile. Some of the radiocarbon ages appear to be too old owing to redeposition, but other dates are consistent with soil development and micromorphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to contribute to the emerging literature highlighting Indigenous peoples' significant involvement in and contributions to goldfields society, in Australia and internationally. It does so by way of conversations with Dja Dja Wurrung voices and a careful examination and interpretation of written colonial records relating to the Dja Dja Wurrung, the Aboriginal people whose Country encompasses what is now called central Victoria in Australia. Further, the article aims to demonstrate that Dja Dja Wurrung participation in and contributions to the gold rushes themselves were not without impact on the colonial society in which they occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elimination of barriers to identification of new HIV infections, treatment adherence and retention in care of people living with HIV/AIDS is vital to the attainment of WHO's ambitious vision 2030 of 90:90:90 for HIV/AIDS. However, HIV-related stigma, especially among health workers, has been widely documented as a serious threat to this project. This study explored the factors associated with the stigmatization of people living with HIV among healthcare workers in Nigerian hospitals. Electronic literature search was conducted on eight databases using keywords and MeSH guidelines. Using the PRISMA protocol, studies published from 2003 to 2022 were retrieved and analyzed. Of the 1481 articles identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria. All the included studies were conducted across 10 of the 36 states in Nigeria, with every geo-political zone in Nigeria represented by at least two studies. The overarching themes identified were attitude and beliefs (n = 7), knowledge of HIV/AIDS (n = 3), quality of care (n = 4), education and in-service training (n = 4), and health facility policies and procedures (n = 3). Factors associated with HIV-related stigma among healthcare workers varied by gender, healthcare settings, specialties of health workers, and the presence of institutional stigma reinforcements. Healthcare workers without recent in-service training on HIV/AIDS and those who work in hospitals without anti-HIV/AIDS stigma policies exhibited more HIV-related stigmatizing attitudes. Continuous in-service training of healthcare workers and the development of comprehensive stigma reduction interventions that will be reinforced with anti-HIV stigma policies in clinical settings may facilitate the attainment of national HIV prevention goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following work is motivated by the desire to devise an internal pressure test that can mimic a displacement-controlled loading scenario and demonstrate how to apply the multiaxial stress and strain data from the test to develop an elastic/plastic constitutive model for a thin-walled tubular component. This is achieved by conducting simultaneous measurements of tangential and axial strain during the pressure test and integrating these strain measures into a feedback loop with the pressure controller. It is shown how data from such a test can be used to develop a large mechanical property data set relevant to biaxial loading conditions. The data obtained have high confidence evidenced by their low variability and alignment with other literature studies. Additionally, data from these internal pressure tests combined with full-tube axial tensile tests allow for the derivation of the Hill anisotropic yield function. The developed Hill yield function is validated by comparing the plastic strain ratios from the full-tube tension tests and by comparing the predicted yield stress in the tangential direction with measured values from ring tension tests in a previous study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oldest canoe discovered in South Carolina was illegally recovered from the Cooper River near Charleston in 1997 and spent 23 years in state custody awaiting funding for conservation treatment. In 2020, it was transferred into the temporary custody of Clemson University's Warren Lasch Conservation Center. Where once the conservation methodology would have begun and ended with an impregnation treatment and vacuum freeze-drying, the Cooper River Canoe Project instead began by consultation with the Native American communities of South Carolina. Through collaboration with Native American leaders, archaeologists, and conservators, the conservation of a 4000-year-old, waterlogged, fragmentary dugout canoe will be undertaken. Unprecedented in South Carolina, the Cooper River Canoe Project challenges established colonial practices in archaeology and conservation, and designs a new approach to the conservation of Native American cultural heritage. By recognizing Native American communities' rights to the management and determination of their cultural heritage, project partners are creating a new model for the conservation of cultural heritage in South Carolina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local lore has long identified an entrenched feature crossing Fort Morgan peninsula on Alabama's Gulf of Mexico coast (USA) as an ancient canoe canal, a folk identification now confirmed by archival, artifactual, geochronological, geoarchaeological, and hydrological evidence. A 1.39 km canal (site 1BA709) linked two estuaries, Oyster Bay and Little Lagoon, connecting Mobile Bay to the Gulf of Mexico late in the Middle Woodland period, ca. a.d. 600. Construction of such a large hydraulic engineering feature by a non-agricultural, non-hierarchical society seems unusual but not inconsistent with the sorts of monumental landscape alterations accomplished more routinely by other Woodland populations in eastern North America. Although such canals certainly expedited local travel, communication, and transport, their construction and use had broader social ramifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy continues to be misunderstood as a healthcare profession. Advocating for the profession and educating others about the role of Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy within the healthcare system is vital for dispelling myths and increasing awareness to ensure the best possible services are provided. In this mixed-methods study, we explore how Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy professionals advocate for their profession to better serve their clients and how they educate others regarding the role and benefits of Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy. Drawing on principles of Appreciative Inquiry, we conducted surveys (n = 68) with Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy professionals, followed by 19 individual interviews and eight focus groups. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed. Respondents reported several misperceptions of Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy that persisted within their workplace. However, they also described the ways in which they cultivated awareness for Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy, including advancing the profession through structured efforts; daily efforts to promote Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy; educating others about Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy; and making the most of teachable moments. Despite their positive efforts to advocate for the profession, study respondents identified several challenges they faced in advocating for Therapeutic Recreation/Recreation Therapy. Recommendations for further development of advocacy efforts are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of the internet and social media platforms have spurred an online infodemic, which has surged towards alarming proportions across the globe. The online infodemic trend has been particularly felt in Nigeria in the area of health information and communication throughout the recurring public health emergencies of the current decade. The outbreak of the ongoing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in March 2020 reaffirms the biggest threat of infodemic across online platforms against containment efforts and responses in Nigeria. This study reflects on infodemic trends related to COVID-19 in light of previous zoonotic viral diseases in Nigeria (e.g. Ebola, Lassa, and Monkeypox). Relevant published research and gray literature on zoonotic diseases and communication responses are reviewed. Drawing lessons and insights from previous zoonotic viral diseases in Nigeria, we show the extent to which online infodemic hampers public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The theory of social contagion, which describes the fear and panic that emerge during disease outbreaks, is deployed to deepen understanding of how online infodemic pose threats during health emergencies. We argue that Nigeria and other countries affected by disease outbreaks would thrive better by proactive inclusion and management of online communication channels in addition to coordinated clinical (prophylactic or therapeutic) models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment with icosapent ethyl 4 g/day, a highly purified and stable ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), demonstrated a significant reduction in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and death in REDUCE-IT. However, analyses of REDUCE-IT and meta-analyses have suggested that this clinical benefit is greater than can be achieved by triglyceride reduction alone. EPA therefore may have additional pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregatory mechanisms. EPA competes with arachidonic acid for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, producing anti-inflammatory and anti-aggregatory metabolites rather than the more deleterious metabolites associated with arachidonic acid. Changing the EPA:arachidonic acid ratio may shift metabolic status from pro-inflammatory/pro-aggregatory to anti-inflammatory/anti-aggregatory. EPA also has antioxidant effects and increases synthesis of nitric oxide. Incorporation of EPA into phospholipid bilayers influences membrane structure and may help to prevent cardiac arrhythmias. Clinically, this may translate into improved vascular health, including regression of atherosclerotic plaque. Overall, EPA has a range of pleiotropic effects that contribute to a reduction in ASCVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroschisis is a common type of congenital anterior abdominal wall defect with intraabdominal organs exposed outside the abdominal cavity. With modern neonatology and surgical practices, the overall prognosis for infants with gastroschisis is excellent. However, a subset of infants with gastroschisis will develop complications, requiring repeat surgical interventions. We present a case of a female infant with complicated gastroschisis who developed acute perforated acalculous cholecystitis, which was accurately diagnosed with abdominal ultrasound and successfully treated with medical management and a percutaneous cholecystostomy tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augusto César Sandino has presented challenges to historians seeking to define the first Sandinista movement. Many interpretations of his political and spiritual beliefs have sharpened our understanding of his actions, but a facet of his rhetoric remains only peripherally illuminated. When Sandino's pursuit of honour is examined in the context of Nicaraguan political culture and the traditions of caudillo-led armies, the importance of Sandino's public image comes into focus. Sandino's movement shared many features of caudillo-led rebellions. This enigmatic guerrilla cultivated a narrative around himself as a 'culture hero' to speak to the commonly held beliefs of the Nicaraguan people. By demonstrating his adherence to culturally relevant masculine leadership virtues, Sandino cultivated an ideology with himself as the central figure. Sandino developed patron-client relationships, which served as a central feature of his army's fabric and made him the central figure of the movement. To garner support, Sandino frequently appealed to his fellow countrymen and potential supporters abroad by comparing his personal virtue with the depravity of his adversaries. Sandino, like typical caudillos, became the embodiment of his movement in the relationships he developed and the rhetoric he propagated. He sought honour and legitimacy because the pre-existing dialectic of the Nicaraguan socio-political power structure glorified those attributes as the qualifications for leadership in place of a political message. This article connects the growing literature on the role of honour in Latin American politics to the rebel movements of the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to SHAPE America, the goal of physical education "is to develop physically literate individuals." Whitehead suggests that physically literate is a process that can be enriched with the development of the cognitive and affective learning domains through academic conversations. Although common to other content areas, the Think-Pair-Share teaching strategy in physical education is unique and can be utilized to develop Physical Literacy. Think-Pair-Share can be an effective way to engage students in academic conversations to achieve physical literacy and enrich a quality physical education with a little planning. This article introduces the Think-Pair-Share to foster students' physical literacy using a three-phase strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on complications related to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), particularly esophageal injuries caused by the blind passage of the TEE probe. It discusses the types and rates of these complications and it highlights factors such as patient-related issues and procedure-related factors that can influence the risk of injury. It suggests considering gastroenterologist involvement for pre-TEE assessments in cases where esophageal structural anomalies are known or suspected.

Objective: To evaluate the association of bruxism phenotypes with single nucleotide polymorphisms in FKBP5, DRD2, ANKK1, and COMT.Methods: Clinical oral examination was performed to diagnose bruxism phenotypes in 150 children. DNA was collected from saliva. Logistic univariate regression, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were performed (p < 0.05).Results: Bruxism was associated with DRD2 (p = 0.02). Tooth grinding while awake was associated with ANKK1 (p < 0.001), and tooth grinding while asleep was associated with DRD2 in the additive (p = 0.030) and dominant (p = 0.008) model. Tooth clenching while awake was associated with ANKK1 in the additive (p = 0.005) and dominant (p = 0.008) models, whereas tooth clenching while asleep was associated with ANKK1 (p < 0.001) and with COMT in the additive (p = 0.001) and dominant (p = 0.003) models.Discussion: Polymorphisms in DRD2, ANKK1, and COMT are associated with bruxism phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native and Indigenous peoples' critiques of archaeological research address both methodological approaches to data recovery and the way data is interpreted. This paper addresses two such critiques concerning invasive excavation methods and static interpretations of the past. The authors argue that non-invasive archaeological techniques such as mapping are beneficial when investigating sacred sites. In addition, this paper argues that interpretations of data should not only rely on standardized categories for identification but also consider the specific environmental, historical, and cultural context of sites. This paper takes as a case study the investigation of pre-Contact Keahuamanono heiau (place of worship, shrine) in Haleakalā National Park, using plane table mapping paired with ethnohistorical data to interpret the structure within its local context. The resulting evidence supports the interpretation that Keahumanono heiau does not neatly fit into any existing Hawaiian heiau categories and was most likely used for celestial and political observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste samples consisting of shredded cellulose, coated with either mesoparticles of metallic salts or dried metal nitrate (lutetium, ytterbium, or depleted uranium) solutions, were generated to mimic solid nuclear waste. After burning these samples, the masses of the aerosolized metal cations were quantified by leaching them from air filters and analyzing the leachate with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The airborne release fractions (ARFs) for Lu and depleted uranium nitrates were 1 × 10-4, and 3 × 10-3 for Lu and depleted uranium mesoparticle salts, respectively. Uncertainties in ARFs were approximately 10% for the metal nitrates and 30% for the metallic mesoparticles. These data are most applicable to waste materials with 1% metal mass loading where the initial respirable fraction of contaminant particles is one. ARFs were consistent across the two metals, but there was an order of magnitude difference with respect to the physical and chemical form (mesoparticle salt versus nitrate). Cellulose combustion literature indicates that combustion pathways were likely affected by off-gassing and endothermic decomposition reactions. In comparison to ARF values from DOE-HDBK-3010-94, "Airborne Release Fractions/Rates and Respirable Fractions for Nonreactor Nuclear Facilities," this dataset was consistent with previous results but provides a well-characterized and reproducible method for doping cellulosic materials with nuclear waste surrogates to serve as a baseline for future experimental and computational works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nivation, the suite of weathering and transportation processes attributed to late-lying snowpatches, is linked to the formation of cryoplanation terraces (CTs). CTs resemble giant staircases arranged in repeating sequences of low-gradient treads and steep scarps that extend over hundreds of meters. The nivation hypothesis of CT development has been supported in recent literature examining weathering and erosion trends, but the mechanisms involved in transporting sediment across CT treads remain underinvestigated. Sorted stripes, a type of patterned ground encountered on CT treads, have been linked to efficient snow meltwater flow across low gradients, indicating that these features could be an important component of CT formation. In this study, we use short-term soil thermal and moisture records, particle-size analysis, and apparent thermal diffusivity calculations to examine periglacial processes operating on two incipient CTs. Initial results indicate that: (1) the coarse (boulder and cobble size) portions of sorted stripes function as subsurface channels for sediment transportation across gently sloping CT treads (generally < 12°) by flowing water; (2) hillslope hydrology is an important component of the erosion processes sculpting upland periglacial environments; and (3) late-lying snowbank environments are highly dynamic during warm weather, with large amounts of sediment transported over short periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If Marie Mancini, niece of Louis XIV's chief minister Cardinal Mazarin, has come down through the ages, it has been because of her youthful love affair with the king and the scandal she caused later. She and her sister Hortense fled their marriages and travelled together and separately – but unaccompanied by the train their station demanded and unauthorised by their husbands – across western Europe. They sought merely an independent existence. Marie Mancini was a reader, writer, and précieuse, but her surviving writings were produced in service of her real-life circumstances. This article explores Marie's tactics in pursuit of autonomy. It examines her delicate position as she sought to argue her case; it maps the strategy of her published memoir and describes the particularity of her authorial voice; and it takes the measure of her success in staking a claim, both in her own time and in ours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kiva is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity is a major risk factor for development and worsening of osteoarthritis (OA). Managing obesity with effective weight loss strategies can improve patients' OA symptoms, functionality, and quality of life. However, little is known about the clinical journey of patients with both OA and obesity. This study aimed to map the medical journey of patients with OA and obesity by characterizing the roles of health care providers, influential factors, and how treatment decisions are made. A cross-sectional study was completed with 304 patients diagnosed with OA and a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 and 101 primary care physicians (PCPs) treating patients who have OA and obesity. Patients with OA and obesity self-manage their OA for an average of five years before seeking care from a healthcare provider, typically a PCP. Upon diagnosis, OA treatments were discussed; many (61%) patients reported also discussing weight/weight management. Despite most (74%) patients being at least somewhat interested in anti-obesity medication, few (13%) discussed this with their PCP. Few (12%) physicians think their patients are motivated to lose weight, but almost all (90%) patients have/are currently trying to lose weight. Another barrier to effective obesity management in patients with OA is the low utilization of clinical guidelines for OA and obesity management by PCPs. As the care coordinator of patients with OA and obesity, PCPs have a key role in supporting their patients in the treatment journey; obesity management guidelines can be valuable resources. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease where the soft tissue between joints wears out causing pain and swelling. Obesity, having unhealthy extra body weight, increases the chances of a person getting OA and can make their OA worse. We wanted to learn more about what patients with OA and obesity experience as they try to manage their OA, including the doctors they talked to, the treatments they used, and if their weight was discussed. To better understand this journey, 304 people with OA and obesity and 101 primary care doctors who treat people with OA and obesity took an online survey. We found that people with OA and obesity tried to manage their OA symptoms on their own for an average of five years before going to a doctor for help. Many (54%) talked with their primary care doctor first. When people with obesity were told by doctors that they had OA, most people (61%) said that they talked about weight and weight loss. Most people (72%) also talked with their doctors about OA treatments. Few doctors (12%) thought their patients were serious about losing weight but almost all patients (90%) said they had tried or were still trying to lose weight. About half of doctors followed guidelines for taking care of people with OA (51%) and obesity (61%). Primary care doctors play a key role in helping patients with OA and obesity. Doctors can follow guidelines and provide treatment options including referrals to other specialists to support weight loss efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramic-metallic nuclear fuels are a candidate fuel for nuclear thermal propulsion systems due to their high heat transport properties, which are necessary in very high-temperature environments. The conventional fabrication of uranium nitride–molybdenum fuel has been thoroughly studied in the past, but modern manufacturing techniques have presented a unique opportunity for further development within this field. This work demonstrates the use of advanced manufacturing techniques to produce nuclear fuel pellets composed of uranium nitride microspheres encased in a molybdenum matrix. Binder jetting is used to print molybdenum disks that are filled with uranium nitride microspheres and afterward sintered using spark plasma sintering. Two fuel pellets were fabricated to demonstrate the methodology and to provide a baseline analysis of the effects of temperature and pressure processing conditions. Characterization of the sintered fuel pellets includes detailed microstructural analysis and thermal conductivity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of corpora has greatly strengthened the possibilities of identifying high-frequency lexical items in a more systematic and objective manner than has typically been used for vocabulary instruction. This article adopts a corpus-based approach to accommodate the vocabulary instructional needs of students enrolled in university reading support courses. The adopted model identifies high-frequency interdisciplinary academic vocabulary and their functions in authentic academic language with the support of the Word and Phrase Tool (WPT). Considering academic vocabulary to be an interrelated feature of academic language, as opposed to a series of isolated items, the instructional model shows how the use of this tool, in connection with a well-designed selection process, can advance the capabilities of instructors while doing justice to the dual necessities of depth and brevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-purity eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) prescription fish oil–derived omega-3 fatty acid (omega-3), icosapent ethyl (IPE), was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in high-risk patients. This approval is based on the 25% CVD event risk reduction observed with IPE in the pre-specified primary composite endpoint (cardiovascular [CV] death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) in the landmark Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT). Notably, this reduction in CVD event risk with IPE was an incremental benefit to well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; patients in REDUCE-IT had elevated triglyceride (TG) levels (135–499 mg/dL) and either had a history of atherosclerotic CVD or diabetes with additional CV risk factors. Given the CVD event risk reduction in REDUCE-IT, within a year following trial results, several global medical societies added IPE to their clinical guidelines. IPE is a stable, highly purified, FDA-approved prescription EPA ethyl ester. In contrast, mixed omega-3 products (docosahexaenoic acid + EPA combinations) have limited or no evidence for CVD event risk reduction, and nonprescription fish oil dietary supplements are not regulated as medicine by the FDA. We offer our perspective and rationale for why this evidence-based EPA-only formulation, IPE, should be added to the 'E' in the ABCDEF methodology for CV prevention. We provide multiple lines of evidence regarding an unmet need for CVD prevention beyond statin therapy, IPE clinical trials, IPE cost-effectiveness analyses, and proposed pleiotropic (non-lipid) mechanisms of action of EPA, as well as other relevant clinical considerations. See Figure 1 for the graphical abstract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Spring of 2018, the United States Federal Government, in accordance with its new Zero Tolerance immigration policy, separated at least 2,654 infants and children from their parents at its southern border. This was done with no plans for reuniting these families which, in many cases, has proven extremely difficult if not impossible. These acts echo the vengeance that occurred on the original American Frontier and included the Native-American genocide. Although the specifics and severities greatly differ, the psychodynamics and related processes are similar. Also, certain associated national foundational myths of American exceptionalism and Manifest Destiny1 are manipulated and exploited in similar ways. Unlike with the genocide, however, these acts are occurring in the present day and offer an opportunity for Americans to engage in the interpersonal, potentially remedial, process of creative shame. The author's experience of this generative process is presented, including an example from his clinical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies reveal that a newly described white matter pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), connecting inferior and superior frontal gyri has a role in speech and language functions. We explored the role of this tract in a phonemic and semantic fluency tasks in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment. Thirty-five MS patients with varying degrees of cognitive impairment underwent diffusion tensor imaging and the Controlled Associated Word Test. Fractional anisotropy (FA) of FAT and arcuate fasciculus (AF) were obtained through a supervised, atlas-based tissue segmentation and parcellation method. Phonemic and semantic fluency scores were obtained from COWAT. We ran a multivariate regression model, and partial correlation analyses adjusted for age, education, and lesion load, and corrected for multiple comparisons. False discovery rate (FDR) was used for the correction of multiple comparisons. Bilateral FAT FA showed significant association with phonemic verbal fluency task (Left; r = 0.46, p = 0.0058 and right; r = 0.46, p = 0.0059) but not semantic fluency task and this relation remained significant after FDR correction (p = 0.02 bilaterally). Although left AF showed some significant association with phonemic fluency task, this relation was insignificant after FDR correction. We show that bilateral FAT are correlates of phonemic verbal fluency task but not semantic in an MS cohort with cognitive impairment. This finding suggests that FAT is more specialized in lexical retrieval function as semantic fluency test encompasses all the functions except the lexical retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke-specific protocols for the 10-meter and 6-minute walk tests that include instructions for people with aphasia, accessible walkway lengths, and allow provision of assistance to walk are needed to facilitate uptake in hospital settings. Objectives: To estimate the test-retest reliability, measurement error, and construct validity of stroke-specific protocols for the 10-meter walk test (10mWT), and 6-minute walk test conducted using a 15-meter walkway (6MWT15m) and 30-meter walkway (6MWT30m), in people post-stroke. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study involving ambulatory people post-stroke was conducted. Results: Data were collected from 21 and 20 participants at baseline and retest, respectively, 1–3 days apart. Mean age was 61 years, median time post-stroke was 134 days, and 90% had experienced an ischemic stroke. Performance on the 10mWT, 6MWT15m, and 6MWT30m across sessions yielded intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2, 1) estimates of test-retest reliability of 0.83, 0.97, 0.95, respectively, and minimal detectable change values at the 95% confidence level of 0.40m/s, 44.0m, and 67.5m, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.80–0.95 (p <.001) between results on all three walk tests and 0.27–0.48 (p <.25) between walk test results and strength subscale scores on the Stroke Impact Scale. Conclusions: Findings showed excellent test-retest reliability; measurement error values similar to current literature; and support for construct validity of the 10mWT, 6MWT15m, and 6MWT30m. Due to the shorter walkway, the 6MWT15m may be more feasible to implement than the 6MWT30m in hospital settings. A larger sample with more severe deficits is required to improve generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The light verse that Keats enclosed in his 1818 travel letters is not often studied, perhaps because it is so thoroughly unserious, heavy on the jangly rhyme and the dairymaid anecdotes. But its freedoms help to prepare the way for Keats's miraculous 1819. This essay presents a formal reading of a few of what Keats called his 'doggrel' poems, paying special attention to their evocations of embodied motion – tumbling, galloping, striding. The three poems examined here reflect Keats's intellectual movement during this important period of his poetic development. As Keats's 'naughty boy' who finds that, in Scotland, 'a door / Was as wooden / As in england' at last stands in his shoes and wonders, so Keats in these verses moves through questing into waiting, through seeking into seeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I offer relationship-building as central to teaching and learning in early-childhood contexts. With a distinct focus on historically marginalized students in United States education, particularly Black boys during childhood, I draw on personal experiences and my own position as teacher-researcher to center Black boys' humanity and personhood. I explore how a (re)imagining of Black boyhood can work toward addressing the race-gender discipline gap in American education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare urine urinary pH, blood pH and concentration of electrolytes in blood of healthy horses fed an anionic salt supplement to achieve diets with a dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) of −40 or 0 mEq/kg DM, with horses a fed a diet with a DCAD of 85 mEq/kg DM. Methods: Eight healthy horses received each of three diets in a randomised crossover design. Diets consisted of grass hay and concentrate feed, with a varying amount of an anionic supplement to achieve a DCAD of 85 (control), 0 or −40 mEq/kg DM. They were fed for 14 days each with a washout period of 7 days between. Urine pH was measured daily and blood samples were collected on Days 0, 7 and 14 of each study period for the measurement of pH and concentration of electrolytes. Results: Four horses voluntarily consumed the anionic supplement with their feed, but four horses required oral supplement administration via dose syringe. During the study period mean urine pH was lower in horses fed diets with a DCAD of 0 (6.91; SD 0.04) and −40 (6.83; SD 0.04) mEq/kg DM compared to the control diet (7.30; SD 0.04). Compared with horses fed the control diet, mean urine pH was lower in horses fed the 0 and −40 mEq/kg DM diets on Days 1–12 and 14 (p < 0.05) of the study period. On Day 13 it was only lower in horses fed the −40 mEq/kg DM diet (p < 0.01). Urine pH was similar for horses fed the 0 and −40 mEq/kg DM diets (p = 0.151). The DCAD of the diet had no effect on blood pH, ionised Ca or anion gap. Mean concentrations of bicarbonate in blood were affected by diet (p = 0.049); they were lower when horses were fed the 0 mEq/kg diet relative to the control diet on Day 14. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The anionic supplement reduced urine pH in horses fed diets with a DCAD of 0 or −40 mEq/kg DM compared with 85 mEq/kg DM. However as urinary pH did not fall below pH 6.5, the pH below which calcium carbonate uroliths do not form, this reduction in urine pH is unlikely to be clinically significant. The supplement was variably palatable and showed minimal promise as an effective urinary acidifier at the doses administered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-fidelity deterministic transport codes require highly accurate multigroup cross sections (MGXS). Monte Carlo is increasingly cited as a reactor-agnostic approach to MGXS generation since it is unconstrained by the engineering-based approximations that limit the applicability of deterministic MGXS generation tools. This paper introduces a new framework that uses the OpenMC Monte Carlo code to generate MGXS for use in multigroup transport codes. The openmc.mgxs module is built atop OpenMC's Python application programming interface to process tally data output by the OpenMC executable. This paper validates the module to generate MGXS that enable the multigroup OpenMOC transport code to compute eigenvalues to within 50 pcm and fission rates to within 1% of reference solutions for two heterogeneous pressurized water reactor benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many agricultural and industrial applications, moisture content needs to be determined in real time while the material is moving. For granular and particulate materials, density-independent calibration functions were used in microwave moisture sensors to minimize the effect of bulk density changes. Three of these calibration functions expressed in term of the attenuation, phase shift and the dielectric properties were investigated for moisture determination in flowing grain and seed samples. To simulate in the laboratory measurements on flowing grain, a flowing system was designed and assembled. The flowing-grain system consisted of a conical stainless steel hopper connected to a polycarbonate chute and an iris diaphragm-type valve placed at the bottom. The iris can be manually adjusted to provide different flow rates. The flowing system was calibrated by using static samples which were placed in the polycarbonate chute between two patch antennas operating at 5.8 GHz and connected to a vector network analyzer. Measurements at room temperature on grain and seed samples flowing at varying flow rates showed that moisture content can be predicted with density independent calibration functions with a standard error of performance (SEP) of less than 1% moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project investigated the use of uranium nitride (UN) and uranium carbide (UC) reactor fuel and compared their performance to uranium oxide (UO2) in a nuclear reactor for space-based applications. As a baseline for analysis, the Prometheus Project reference reactor module was considered: a gas-cooled fast reactor using highly enriched UO2 fuel with 1 MW of thermal power output and a 15-year core life. An estimate of the temperature feedback effect on reactivity was made for each fuel type at the beginning, middle, and end of core life; results for each fuel were compared. This analysis indicates that UN-fueled reactors may exhibit a stabilizing negative reactivity feedback for increasing temperatures and that this benefit persists in the face of fuel composition changes over core life. The benefit of increased uranium loading density was assessed through a quantitative estimate of overall core weight for each fuel. It was found that weight savings on the order of 1000 kg can be realized for a reactor of this size by using either UC or UN rather than UO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a key anti-inflammatory/anti-aggregatory long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. Conversely, the omega-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor to a number of pro-inflammatory/pro-aggregatory mediators. EPA acts competitively with AA for the key cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes to form less inflammatory products. As a result, the EPA:AA ratio may be a marker of chronic inflammation, with a lower ratio corresponding to higher levels of inflammation. It is now well established that inflammation plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. This review examines the role of the EPA:AA ratio as a marker of cardiovascular disease and the relationship between changes in the ratio (mediated by EPA intake) and changes in cardiovascular risk. Epidemiological studies have shown that a lower EPA:AA ratio is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular disease. Increasing the EPA:AA ratio through treatment with purified EPA has been shown in clinical studies to be effective in primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease and reduces the risk of cardiovascular events following percutaneous coronary intervention. The EPA:AA ratio is a valuable predictor of cardiovascular risk. Results from ongoing clinical trials will help to define thresholds for EPA treatment associated with better clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: JM-20, a novel hybrid synthetic molecule, has been reported to have antioxidant, mitoprotective, anti-excitotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the neuroprotective effect of JM-20 against memory impairment in preclinical AD-like models has not been analyzed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential neuroprotection of JM-20 that preserves essential memory process from cholinergic dysfunction and other molecular damages. Methods: The effects of JM-20 on scopolamine (1 mg/kg)-induced cognitive disorders were studied. Male Wistar rats (220-230 g) were treated with JM-20 and/or scopolamine, and behavioral tasks were performed. The AChE activity, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, MDA and T-SH level on brain tissue were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Mitochondrial functionality parameters were measured after behavioral tests. Histological analyses on hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were processed with hematoxylin and eosin, and neuronal and axonal damage were determined. Results: The behavioral, biochemical and histopathological studies revealed that oral pre-treatment with JM-20 (8 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the scopolamine-induced memory deficits, mitochondrial malfunction, oxidative stress, and prevented AChE hyperactivity probably due to specific inhibition of AChE enzyme. It was also observed marked histological protection on hippocampal and prefrontal-cortex regions. Conclusions: The multimodal action of this molecule could mediate the memory protection here observed and suggest that it may modulate different pathological aspects of memory deficits associated with AD in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A leading criticism of American international broadcasting is that the flagship US external service Voice of America (VOA) does not consistently include quotes from US officials, or descriptions of US policy, in its foreign affairs reporting. That claim, however, has never been tested. In this study, a sample of VOA news reports filed during three recent periods of international conflict was analysed to determine the quantity that included quotes from American officials or descriptions of official US policy. Similar analyses were also run on Germany's Deutsche Welle and Russia's RT to determine the quantity of stories originating from those outlets which included official quotes and policy descriptions of the German and Russian governments, respectively. The study found that VOA did not include official quotes or policy descriptions in the majority of its news reports. However, when compared to Deutsche Welle and RT, VOA was found to have included official quotes and policy descriptions at a level consistent with those of these two peer brands. The results of this study may call into question the utility of using quote counts as a success metric in assessing the value of US government sponsored international broadcasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proline plays important roles in various stages and processes of plant development. However, there are few reports on the effect of endogenous proline accumulation on germination and seedling vigour under suitable conditions of germination and development. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of endogenous proline in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) constitutively expressing the VaP5CSF129A gene in germination and seedling vigour. Under optimal conditions of germination, the transgenic seeds had high proline content when compared to the non-transgenic plants. However, this higher accumulation did not result in better germination or seedling vigour, contrasting to reported results for exogenous proline application. The pre-treatment by water submersion indicated that the lowest initial seed germination with the highest proline concentration may be due to their greater post-harvest dormancy. When newly germinated seedlings were subjected to osmotic stress (−0.9 MPa), the free proline content increased proportionally in all genotypes and the transgenic events seedlings showed greater root length compared to those of the non-transformed control. This can be advantageous as, in theory, seedlings with longer roots may have a better chance of growing and exploring the different soil layers, allowing the transgenic events to be more tolerant to edaphic constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Postclassic period (ca. AD 1150-1450) in the Mimbres region is diverse and variable. Excavation data from Las Animas Village (LA3949) is used to explore this variability and better delineate the regional sequence. Las Animas Village is a large multicomponent site with Pithouse, Classic, and Postclassic occupations. Focus here is on the Postclassic component, a roughly oval adobe pueblo, two-story in parts, that surrounded a plaza. There was extensive evidence of remodeling; some lower story rooms were filled in and use of the second story continued, in one case the second story was remodeled into small storage units. Both ceramic and chronometric dates indicate that the adobe pueblo was used in the AD 1300s and probably after 1400; it has numerous late types though little Roosevelt Red Ware. Las Animas Village is one of the only eastern Mimbres sites known for this time period, and it may have been where remaining populations gathered in late prehispanic times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why are some opinions widely discussed while others remain obscure? We theorize that opinions that can be understood efficiently are discussed, expanded, and contracted more frequently. Additionally, more persuasive precedents tend to be discussed and expanded more regularly, while less persuasive precedents are narrowed more often. These effects should also depend on institutional context. We compile an original dataset of 7,485 search and seizure opinions written by federal circuit and state high court judges and 567,062 judicial citations to those cases. The evidence demonstrates that efficiency, persuasiveness, and institutional context together determine how much an opinion affects legal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS) device is a flexible intracranial stent. The first generation of this system had significant challenges in consistently providing good wall apposition and aneurysm neck coverage. A new modified LVIS, LVIS Blue (Blue), has been developed to address these issues. The purpose of this study is to report a laboratory comparison of wall apposition and aneurysm neck coverage between the original LVIS and Blue. Methods: In bench-top experiments, we noted the visual appearance of the devices and evaluated changes in stent cell angles, neck coverage surface area (%), and stent cell crossing profile for microcatheters using a fusiform aneurysm model. Our in vitro experiments included evaluation of wall apposition and aneurysm neck coverage of the devices under direct radiographic visualization. Results: Blue showed three definite different zones (a mid-zone, a high-density zone, and a transitional zone) and higher metal coverage in the straight fusiform aneurysm model compared to LVIS. Two commercially available microcatheters easily crossed the stent cell at the greater curvature for both devices. In in vitro experiments, Blue showed better wall apposition in tortuous arteries and achieved higher neck coverage in the bifurcation aneurysm compared to LVIS. Discussion: Blue achieved better wall apposition in tortuous arteries and higher aneurysm neck coverage (higher metal-to-artery ratio) in bifurcation aneurysms than LVIS. Our results may provide informative physical properties of LVIS and Blue to be expected when those are used for stent-assisted coil embolization of a large-giant fusiform aneurysm or a bifurcation saccular aneurysm clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual cardiovascular (CV) risk persists even in statin-treated patients with optimized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Other pathways beyond cholesterol contribute to CV risk and the key to reducing residual risk may be addressing non-cholesterol risk factors through pleiotropic mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature relating to the potential role of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in reducing residual CV risk. The literature shows that EPA can robustly lower plasma triglyceride (TG) levels without raising LDL-C levels and documents EPA to have a broad range of beneficial effects on the atherosclerotic pathway, including those on lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation, oxidation, phospholipid membranes, and the atherosclerotic plaque itself. Clinical imaging studies have consistently demonstrated that EPA decreases plaque vulnerability and prevents plaque progression. The evidence therefore points to a potential role for EPA to reduce residual CV risk. A large randomized study of statin-treated Japanese patients demonstrated that EPA ethyl ester reduced major coronary events by 19% (P = 0.011). However, while there has been significant benefit demonstrated in this and another Japanese CV outcomes study, the question as to whether EPA can play a role in reducing residual CV risk remains to be addressed in broader populations. The large, global, ongoing, randomized, placebo-controlled REDUCE-IT study of high-risk statin-treated patients with persistent hypertriglyceridemia is currently underway to investigate the potential of icosapent ethyl (high-purity prescription EPA ethyl ester) as an add-on therapy to reduce residual CV risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sub-culture of "locavore" chefs is playing a critical but under-examined role in addressing concerns about the conventional, industrialized food system by re-localizing the sourcing, processing, and preparation of food. The values that underlie why certain chefs decide to work in this niche market, their strategies to overcome the situational challenges of sourcing locally produced food, and the ways they develop the knowledge and skills needed to prepare and incorporate these ingredients into appealing menus all point to the unique position that these chefs occupy in the local food movement. This paper presents insights from a study that utilized in-depth interviews to investigate the culinary practices of twenty-three local food-promoting chefs in Alberta, Canada. Using a social practice theory framework, these chefs' culinary practices were examined based on what material conditions they encountered, how they employed particular skills and competencies and why they decided to become "locavores." This study reveals that although issues of product accessibility, distribution, cost, and consistency of quality and volume are constraining factors, chefs' ability to innovate and reskill, to foster supportive relationships with farmers and consumers, and their commitment to alternative values are keys to their success in niche "local" markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study examined whether an online course would lead to increased knowledge about the medical issues volunteers encounter during a marathon. Materials and Methods: Health care professionals who volunteered to provide medical coverage for an annual marathon were eligible for the study. Demographic information about medical volunteers including profession, specialty, education level and number of marathons they had volunteered for was collected. A 15-question test about the most commonly encountered medical issues was created by the authors and administered before and after the volunteers took the online educational course and compared to a pilot study the previous year. Results: Seventy-four subjects completed the pre-test. Those who participated in the pilot study last year (N = 15) had pre-test scores that were an average of 2.4 points higher than those who did not (mean ranks: pilot study = 51.6 vs. non-pilot = 33.9, p = 0.004). Of the 74 subjects who completed the pre-test, 54 also completed the post-test. The overall post-pre mean score difference was 3.8 ± 2.7 (t = 10.5 df = 53 p < 0.001). While subjects with all levels of volunteer experience demonstrated improvement, only change among first time marathon volunteers was significantly different from the others. Subjects reporting all degree/certification levels demonstrated improvement, but no difference in improvement was found between degree/certification levels. Conclusion: In this follow-up to the previous year's pilot study, online education demonstrated a long- term (one-year) increase in test scores. Testing also continued to show short-term improvement in post- course test scores, compared to pre-course test scores. In general, marathon medical volunteers who had no volunteer experience demonstrated greater improvement than those who had prior volunteer experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kiva is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) with or without conjunctivitis (AR/C) is associated with a significant health and economic burden, and is often accompanied by asthma. Pharmacotherapies are the mainstay treatment options for AR and asthma, but guidelines also recommend allergy immunotherapy (AIT). Unlike pharmacotherapies, AIT has the ability to modify the underlying immunologic mechanisms of AR and asthma with the potential for long-term benefits after treatment is discontinued. Immunotherapy may also prevent progression of AR/C to asthma. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablets are a self-administered alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy that provide the benefits of AIT without the cost and inconvenience of frequent office visits or the discomfort of injections. SLIT-tablets are also an option that can be utilized by primary care clinicians. Pharmacotherapies are generally effective in mild disease although a number of patients remain uncontrolled. SLIT-tablets have proven efficacy for AR in adults, children, and poly-sensitized allergic patients. Indirect comparisons indicate that SLIT-tablets have superior or comparable efficacy compared with traditional pharmacotherapies for seasonal AR, and superior efficacy for perennial AR. House dust mite (HDM) SLIT-tablets have also demonstrated clinically relevant benefits for asthma, with significant observed reductions in daily inhaled corticosteroid use, risk of asthma exacerbations, and asthma symptoms. SLIT-tablets are well tolerated, with minimal risk of systemic allergic reactions. The most common treatment-related adverse events are oral site reactions such as oral pruritus and throat irritation. Based on the favorable efficacy and safety profile, as well as the convenience of at-home oral administration and disease-modifying effects, SLIT-tablets should be considered as an alternative or add-on treatment to pharmacotherapy for AR/C, and as an add-on treatment for HDM allergic asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most strokes occur in the context of other medical diagnoses. Currently, stroke rehabilitation evidence reviews have not synthesized or presented evidence with a focus on comorbidities and correspondingly may not align with current patient population. The purpose of this review was to determine the extent and nature of randomized controlled trial stroke rehabilitation evidence that included patients with multimorbidity. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted. Electronic databases were searched using a combination of terms related to “stroke” and “rehabilitation.” Selection criteria captured inpatient rehabilitation studies. Methods were modified to account for the amount of literature, classified by study design, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were abstracted. Results: The database search yielded 10771 unique articles. Screening resulted in 428 included RCTs. Three studies explicitly included patients with a comorbid condition. Fifteen percent of articles did not specify additional conditions that were excluded. Impaired cognition was the most commonly excluded condition. Approximately 37% of articles excluded patients who had experienced a previous stroke. Twenty-four percent excluded patients one or more Charlson Index condition, and 83% excluded patients with at least one other medical condition. Conclusions: This review represents a first attempt to map literature on stroke rehabilitation related to co/multimorbidity and identify gaps in existing research. Existing evidence on stroke rehabilitation often excluded individuals with comorbidities. This is problematic as the evidence that is used to generate clinical guidelines may not match the patient typically seen in practice. The use of alternate research methods are therefore needed for studying the care of individuals with stroke and multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]