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In exploring the intersection of scholarly research with technological advancement and societal impact, our analysis delves into nearly 40 million research papers spanning from 1950 to 2020 across all fields of study in science. Our scrutiny reveals an intriguing phenomenon: papers characterized by a higher CD index, often considered transformative, paradoxically exhibit a diminished propensity to influence technological and societal domains. This observation suggests a latent bias against the CD index, prompting a deeper inquiry into its implications. To unravel this trend, we introduce the concept of “disruptive citation,” a nuanced metric gauging the absolute disruptive impact of papers. Notably, papers drawing higher disruptive citations exhibit a significantly higher probability to influence both technological and societal spheres. Upon examining the heterogeneity across years and fields, we identify a bias against the CD index predominantly in the last two decades and within STEM fields. However, the positive effects of disruptive impact remain consistent across all years and fields. Our findings remain robust even when employing alternative measures of disruptive impact and controlling for total citations. By shedding light on these dynamics, our study seeks to enrich discussions regarding the recognition and role of disruptive scientific endeavors in shaping our world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper‐based electronics are emerging as a new class of technology with broad areas of application. Despite several efforts to fabricate new types of flexible electronic devices by screen printing of conductive paste, many of them are often nonbiodegradable, toxic, and expensive, limiting their practical use in bioresorbable paper‐based electronics. To address this need, a highly conductive and biodegradable bimodal conductive paste is developed using cost‐effective zinc‐based micro and nanoparticles with a facile low‐temperature sintering process compatible with paper substrates. The two‐step sintering process involves the removal of the insulating zinc oxide layer by spray coating acetic acid followed by a heat press sintering process to ensure the formation of highly packed and continuous metallic traces. The required conditions for the heat press sintering process are systematically studied using electrical, optical, and mechanical characterization techniques. The results of these investigations revealed an ultra‐packed microstructure with high electrical conductivity (0.5 × 105 S m−1) and low oxide content that is obtained with a heat press sintering setting of 220 °C for 60 s. Finally, as a proof of concept, the conductive paste with an optimized sintering process is used to fabricate a wearable wireless heater for remote‐controlled release of therapeutics. The controlled delivery of the system is validated in the practical and on‐demand delivery of antibiotics for eradicating commonly found bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus in dermal wound infections. The biocompatibility of all the materials and manufacturing process is validated by NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells via MTT assay and live/dead staining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

iBeam Materials is developing a revolutionary new technology to fabricate large‐area inexpensive sheets of GaN‐based LEDs and devices directly on large‐area metal foils. This new technology is based on using ion‐beam crystal alignment to fabricate templates for epitaxial GaN films on flexible metal foil, that are lattice‐matched, as well as thermally highly conductive and thermally matched to GaN. The ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) texturing process is used to prepare biaxially aligned films as templates for GaN epitaxy. Epitaxial GaN films have been grown on these engineered flexible metal substrates. We have achieved GaN films of several microns in thickness on polycrystalline metal foils that have typical threading dislocation densities of 4 – 8 x 108/cm2. We then used these epitaxial GaN films on IBAD/polycrystalline metal foil as templates to deposit epitaxial multi‐quantum well light emitting diode (LED) InGaN structures. InGaN LED devices were successfully fabricated and patterned into MicroLED arrays on metal foil. We observe photoluminescence from these LED structures with 70% of the intensity compared to LEDs fabricated on sapphire. We discuss how these LED devices could be manufactured using a roll‐to‐roll process and cost reductions that result from this. Large‐area LED sheets can then be used to monolithically integrate MicroLEDs into paper‐thin and flexible displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy in children, particularly preterms, neonates and infants, is limited by a paucity of good‐quality data from prospective clinical drug trials. A specific challenge is the establishment of valid biomarkers. OMICs technologies may support these efforts by complementary information about targeted and nontargeted molecules through systematic characterization and quantitation of biological samples. OMICs technologies comprise at least genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in addition to the patient's phenotype. OMICs technologies are in part hypothesis‐generating, allowing an in depth understanding of disease pathophysiology and pharmacological mechanisms. Application of OMICs technologies in paediatrics faces major challenges before routine adoption. First, developmental processes need to be considered, including a subdivision into specific age groups as developmental changes clearly impact OMICs data. Second, compared to the adult population, the number of patients is limited as are the type and amount of necessary biomaterial, especially in neonates and preterms. Thus, advanced trial designs and biostatistical methods, noninvasive biomarkers, innovative biobanking concepts including data and samples from healthy children, as well as analytical approaches (eg liquid biopsies) should be addressed to overcome these obstacles. The ultimate goal is to link OMICs technologies with innovative analysis tools, such as artificial intelligence at an early stage. The use of OMICs data based on a feasible approach will contribute to the identification complex phenotypes and subpopulations of patients to improve the development of medicines for children with potential economic advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroLED display is an emerging technology with high brightness, high contrast ratio, and wide color gamut. This technology can be used for all current display applications and new scenarios, such as transparent, seamless tiling, and AR glasses for metaverse. Based on our proprietary PixeLED display, PixeLED Matrix, µ‐PixeLED, and SMAR·Tech technologies, we could define the roadmap of MicroLED technology development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LED display is not only used in the PM‐driven display devices we often see in PCB substrates, but also in the future, it can also be applied to glass‐based substrates of mobile phones, notebook computers, TVs and other consumer electronic products that require higher display image quality and low power consumption, may also be automotive, high‐speed rail, subway and other applications that require high reliability. It can also be applied to AR and even VR applications that require high brightness and high resolution and based on the characteristics of its LED inorganic light‐emitting devices, a variety of innovative applications can be developed indefinitely. This paper elaborates the innovative scheme of LED display based on glass substrate, combined with the TFT transistor process of glass substrate, driving circuit and innovative LED light‐emitting device, and proposes an innovative scheme for LED display applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the dynamics of technological change and technical efficiency in the Indonesian pulp and paper industry are analysed. The industry is characterised by rapid growth of output and capacity, with some mills investing heavily in state-of-the-art machinery after 1984. Using stochastic frontier analysis, we distinguish between technological advances of best practice mills and the rate of technological inefficiency. We use a newly constructed micro-level dataset describing the complete population of Indonesian paper mills and paper machines from 1975 to 1997. We find an increasing divergence in technical efficiency over time, indicating that most plants have been not able to keep up with the technological leaders in the industry. Several of the plants operating the latest technologies have lower levels of efficiency than mills operating more outdated equipment. These outcomes qualify the common understanding of dualistic economic structures in developing countries, composed of less efficient traditional and more efficient modern capital intensive establishments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, LG Display completed the "EX Technology" development and is prioritizing technological innovation. This technology includes deuterium technology and personalization algorithms, which increase screen brightness (luminance) by 30% compared to existing OLEDs while producing more accurate and natural colors. In this paper, we will describe how deuterium technology can improve the lifetime of OLED products and the degradation mechanism of deuterated materials. By replacing the C‐H bond with a C‐D bond, isotope species exhibit electrochemical stability, leading to a longer device lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a new, fast, Wave‐Length of Center‐of‐gravity (WLC) detection method, named "λ‐Capture". The paper presents and explains the principle of this new technology as a wavelength management technique for displays, utilizing a Linear Reflectance Gradient on the wavelength axis (LRG) dichroic mirror. It is then applied to a mini‐LED wafer: sample of actual display elements and demonstrated to have satisfactory performance. Furthermore, the possibility of new applications based on this principle is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in semiconductor materials carried Moore's Law into the 1990s, where device geometries and limits in materials performance drove the need for fundamental innovation at the materials and structural levels of MOSFETs. The display industry has reached a similar point the need for fundamental innovation at the materials and structural levels of thin film transistors. Successful transition to a higher plateau of thin film device technology enables a new inflection point in the use of displays just as the FinFET was the foundation for an inflection point in the use of microprocessors. This paper provides an overview of two thin film technology innovations offering promise as the next two plateaus in the evolution of thin film integrated circuit manufacturing: achieving bulk accumulation in single gate metal oxide semiconductor thin film transistors, and semiconductor less quantum tunneling. Linked through a single core materials set based on strong yet flexible amorphous metals, these two innovations create a roadmap simplifying the manufacturing of high image quality, low power consumption displays on glass and plastic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Product Innovation Management (JPIM) was launched in 1984 and over its first two decades of existence evolved into the leading journal in the field of innovation and the management of technology. During these 20 years JPIM contributed to the field by publishing 488 academic papers. This paper is a follow-up study to an earlier study that looked at how JPIM evolved in terms of knowledge stock and knowledge flows during the first two decades (published in JPIM, March 2007). That paper looked at what was published during the first 20 years, which sources were cited, and which journals cited JPIM papers. This study takes a closer look at the impact of JPIM on the field of innovation and the management of technology by identifying the most classic papers published in JPIM during its first two decades of existence. This study used multiple research methods to identify 64 candidate potential classics from the 488 papers published in the first 20 years of JPIM's existence, to analyze how they differ from the other 424 papers published in the journal, and to investigate authors' motivations for writing these papers. Finally, using survey responses from the Product Development and Management Association (PDMA) membership and other academics in innovation and new product development, the research then determines which 5 of the 64 candidate papers are considered to be the “most classic” papers published and the factors driving that determination. The findings show that classic papers are those presenting a “pioneering idea” in the field that creates buzz in both the academic and practitioner worlds. High numbers of citations are indeed the outcome of these endeavors, but being a classic requires more than having high numbers of citations. Authors of the true classics generally have worked hard to disseminate their research, usually to both academics and practitioners, perhaps also contributing to the network buzz created by their findings. While one of the five most classic papers represented the first investigation into a particular stream of research, the other four were culminations of a significant body of research, providing a distinct summary of known information on a topic at the time they were published and a clear road forward for future research on the topic. These bodies of knowledge have yet to be superseded by other culminating papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroLED display is an emerging technology with high brightness, high contrast ratio, and wide color gamut. This technology can be used for all current display applications and new scenarios, such as transparent, seamless tiling, and AR glasses for metaverse. Based on our proprietary PixeLED display, SMAR·Tech, PixeLED Matrix, and μ‐PixeLED technologies, we could utilize different process for each application with MicroLED displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case study evidence in this paper suggests that management of technological change is more complicated than the existing literature has acknowledged. Rather than merely introduce or not introduce new technology, managers have to choose between more or less advanced technologies whose implications are difficult to assess. Moreover, the choice between advanced and conventional production technologies seems to be influenced more by situational determinants than by the habitual actions of managers or changes in management characters. Taking these situational determinants and firm-specific critical incidents seriously is essential, especially for an understanding of why managerial actors alter their approach to managing technological change. By adopting a longitudinal firm-in-sector perspective to technological change this paper demonstrates how coinciding increases in material resources and competitive pressures encourage management to adopt advanced instead of conventional technology. To justify this argument, the paper compares two consecutive technological change projects in the same firm and describes the background of their profoundly different degrees of sophistication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper filtering system that supports the effective collection of related technical papers is becoming important as technological progress accelerates. Two requirements for the paper filtering system are (1) reduction of the user workload in specifying the filtering conditions and (2) sufficient filtering accuracy. We propose a paper filtering method that meets both requirements simultaneously by focusing on the features of the coauthor research group, subject category, and terminology. The result of evaluation using 3600 domestic learned-society papers shows that the proposed method improved the mean average precision from 0.39 to 0.50, that is, by 0.11, compared with the conventional pseudo-relevance feedback method, thus improving its suitability for practical use. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(9): 1–11, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10264 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the impact of information technology on the work experiences of male paper mill workers in Canada by comparing with workers in a mass production paper mill. Character of male subcultures in high technology factories; Work under Fordist or mass production; Differences between the two working environments.

Future ways of living require healthy spaces, where people are able to unfold their whole potential. LC Dynamic Glazing serves as an interface between different spaces and adapts smartly to environment and the needs of occupants. As an integral part of smart buildings, it brings display technology to a new scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OLED lighting elements are recognized as light emitting graphical elements. They can be shaped, patterned or inscribed in a plethora of ways. The possible feature diversity of OLEDs is highly attractive for the creative industry. With its outstanding key feature to provide high‐quality glare‐free a light with crisp light colors, as well as its flexibility and low weight, OLED technology is ideally suited for the use in fashion items like garments or accessories and other near body applications. In addition to the consumer‐oriented fashion business also a lot of professional applications in the security, rescue and outdoor industry are potential application fields for this new technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does a firm's supply management strategy affect post-innovation disruption or post-disruption innovation in the supply chain? Interestingly, the supply chain innovation literature has also advocated for the important roles of suppliers in contributing to a buying firm's innovation performance (Kumar et al., 2020; Narasimhan & Narayanan, 2013). [Extracted from the article]

In this work, we report the 14.1‐inch stretchable active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes (AMOLED) display, featuring multi curvatures which allowed convex or concave type. There were lots of technological innovations such as a unique pixel structure, fabrication on patterned stretchable substrate, and three dimensional forming process. Regardless of its promising potentials, they still have several remaining issues which should be resolved in the near future. In this paper, we will discuss on several strategies to make improvements. Finally, we demonstrate the newly designed 14.1‐inch stretchable AMOLED display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐efficiency OLED microdisplay has been developed with some new technologies including microlens array. We focused on the improvement of the out‐coupling efficiency, and achieved 3 times higher efficiency as compared with conventional products. By using our developed technologies, it is possible to improve the maximum luminance from 1,600 cd/m2 to 5,000 cd/m2 under maintaining the lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consistent finding that internationally coauthored papers are more heavily cited has led to a tacit agreement among politicians and scientists that international collaboration in scientific research should be particularly promoted. However, existing studies of research collaboration suffer from a major weakness in that the Thomson Reuters Web of Science until recently did not link author names with affiliation addresses. The general approach has been to hierarchically code papers into international paper, national paper, or local paper based on the address information. This hierarchical coding scheme severely understates the level and contribution of local or national collaboration on an internationally coauthored paper. In this research, I code collaboration variables by hand checking each paper in the sample, use two measures of a paper's impact, and try several regression models. I find that both international collaboration and local collaboration are positively and significantly associated with a paper's impact, but international collaboration does not have more epistemic authority than local collaboration. This result suggests that previous findings based on hierarchical coding might be misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroLED display is an emerging technology with high brightness, wide color gamut, and high aperture ratio. Based on our proprietary PixeLED® Display and SMAR⋅Tech™ repair technology, we could build defect‐free MicroLED displays which meet the product requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test whether environmental regulation affects investment decisions, using Census data for individual paper mills. New mills in states with strict environmental regulations choose cleaner production technologies, with differences in air and water pollution regulation also influencing technology choice. Examining investment allocation across existing plants, we find that abatement and productive investment tend to be scheduled together. However, plants with high abatement investment over the entire period spend significantly less on productive capital. This seems lo reflect both environmental investment 'crowding out' productive investment within a plant, and firms shifting investment towards plants facing less stringent abatement requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new multi‐force touch technology that augments standard capacitive touch sensing in flat panel, and potentially flexible, displays. It uses an augmented approach and yields both location and force in a single‐signal, which is then separated and conditioned using unique analog and digital signal processing algorithms. Location‐by‐force is intrinsic to this new UltraTouch technology, thus enabling stylus‐independent, under‐water interactivity. In view of the simplicity in stack‐up architecture, the technology is compatible to roll‐to‐roll touch panel production lines, scalable to large areas, and importantly, low in cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors show that innovation energy, a new concept, is needed to overcome the many obstacles occurring in innovation processes and helps converting the employees' innovation properties into innovative work behavior. Based on a survey among 304 R&D employees, the authors show that the employees' cognitive detachment from work and their degree of creativity are curvilinearly related provided that the employees are highly motivated for creativity. The paper adopts a patent-based methodology and an input-process-output-outcome model to analyze how R&D projects achieve specific outputs and outcomes starting from certain inputs and by employing open innovation practices. We congratulate Katharina Hölzle with her new job as a professor of Technology Management and Human Factors at the University of Stuttgart, leading the institute for Human Factors and Technology Management as well as the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering. [Extracted from the article]

The Russia–Ukraine war requires management scholars to reflect on the interconnectedness of research themes across countries, and across management disciplines. This paper introduces the papers in this mini special section and discusses the interdisciplinary implications of the Russia–Ukraine war on themes that include – but are not limited to – management theory, banking, energy, culture, psychology and international entrepreneurship and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing recognition of the unique advantages of reinforcement learning and genetic algorithms in addressing combinatorial optimization problems, this study aims to integrate these two methods to collectively tackle the classic combinatorial optimization challenge of the travelling salesman problem (TSP). The TSP stands as a quintessential combinatorial optimization challenge, tasked with determining the shortest path among designated cities. This paper introduces an innovative approach by amalgamating reinforcement learning's path selection prowess with genetic algorithms' global search strategy, aiming to uncover superior solutions in TSP. Specifically, the experiment employs a dual Q‐learning algorithm within reinforcement learning to identify multiple optimal paths, serving as progenitors for the genetic algorithm to further enhance performance. The paper meticulously outlines the problem modelling process, elucidating TSP instance definitions, descriptions, and precise objective function definitions. Experimental findings underscore the substantial enhancements achievable in TSP optimization through this comprehensive approach, offering a fresh perspective and methodology for tackling combinatorial optimization challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the panel data of China from 2007 to 2016, this paper explores the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial structure upgrading. The results show that environmental regulation has a causally positive impact on the upgrading of industrial structure. To explain the positive causal effect of environmental regulation, we adopt the mediation effect method and then confirm that allocated labor rather than technological innovation is a significant channel by which such regulation affects industrial structure upgrading. Ultimately, this paper complements the existing economic literature by justifying that labor allocation is a key mechanism to upgrade industrial structure in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0 refers to the digital transformation in the manufacturing domain through new technology. Currently, it expands well beyond manufacturing, affecting many areas of life and posing implications for all types of business. This paper focuses on the relationships between Industry 4.0 and Healthcare which transitions to increased interconnectivity, automation and smart decision making. The integration context of Industry 4.0 into Healthcare is only partly understood. Little was done until now to consolidate what is known on the integration benefits and the challenges. This article reports results of a systematic mapping study that analysed 69 papers to extract knowledge about the concepts of Industry 4.0 and the emerging Healthcare 4.0., and the relationships between them. We found 10 different perspectives of Healthcare 4.0, ranging from strategic to tactical and operational levels. Next, our results show: (i) nine applications of Industry 4.0 in the Healthcare domain: Augmented Reality and Simulation, Autonomous Robotics, Cybersecurity, Big Data Analytics, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Additive Manufacturing and Systems Integration; and (ii) 10 benefits and nine challenges in Healthcare 4.0. The most frequently mentioned benefits are patients' diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and financial benefits. The most researched challenges are data fragmentation, heterogeneity, complexity, and privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduces several articles published in the April 2001 issue of the `Regional Science' journal concerning innovation and regional development.

Applied Materials reported earlier on an innovative approach to μLED‐based front plane technology using a single wavelength GaN LED emitter with Cd‐free quantum dots for color conversion. This proprietary μLED front plane technology incorporates several key innovations such as the use of high external quantum efficiency dice in ultraviolet wavelength spectrum (vs. red/green/blue), highest photon extraction efficiency at small die‐size, fewer number of mass transfer steps with high yield, and a four‐subpixel backplane architecture to allow for a simple, cost‐effective repair strategy. A picture of this display is shown below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physics based continuous Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) models and organic/oxide TFT compact models are key for technology innovation. The encapsulated underlying physics produce predictive models that empower designers to explore all available design space. To achieve this, a number of challenges must be met. These include stable and reproducible fabrication with quantified material parameters. A seamless software flow from TCAD to SPICE opens significant opportunities for future technology designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents firm mark‐ups and competition in Australia, and their impact on productivity, using administrative data. I find that mark‐ups increased by around 5 per cent since the mid 2000s, less than previously documented for Australia and slightly less than documented for the average advanced economy. While part appears to reflect technological change, part appears to reflect an increase in market power. This increase appears to explain part of the slowdown in productivity growth observed in Australia over the past decade, by slowing the efficient reallocation of resources from low productivity to high productivity firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Since inception, blockchain has earned significant attention due to its exclusive characteristics and advantages. It has changed the way the transactions are conducted by eradicating the role of third parties and promises to ensure trust among the participants. This technology is emerging as a potential solution to several issues but not without certain security vulnerabilities. In particular, protection of sensitive data is a more critical issue in the absence of a third party. This paper is aimed to report and share the state of the art of sensitive data protection in blockchain applications. The covered aspects include identification of sensitive data, existing techniques to protect sensitive data and to know how real time data compromised by security risks, attacks, threats and vulnerabilities concerning blockchain applications. This paper analysis the tools and techniques used in the past for protecting sensitive data and categorized them. On the basis of research and intuitive findings, methods and techniques are elaborated which can contribute in future in the designing a framework for protection of sensitive data in blockchain applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation (RSN) journal has a history of publishing special issues focused on new technologies or conference papers. They plan to continue and expand these special issues under the oversight of Professor Alessio Balleri. The journal has also embraced the open access model, with 27 of their hybrid journal programs transitioning to Gold OA in 2020. They now have 43 open access journals in their portfolio. Open access offers benefits such as wider readership, faster impact, and increased recognition for authors. The RSN journal prides itself on its rapid processing and publication times, with an average time of 29 days from submission to first decision and 25 days from acceptance to e-first publication. The editors express their gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their contributions to maintaining the journal's quality and speed. The article concludes with a statement that no new data were created or analyzed during the study. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we present an end-to-end solution for Virtual Reality Live Streaming of live events such as sports and concerts in near real-time. The technologies and innovations are in domains such as capture, production, distribution, and end-user consumption, and also in the interfaces. The solution, called Intel True VR, is ground breaking because the end result is a brand new media and a completely new viewing experience for fans at home. VR live streaming, powered by solutions such as True VR, are poised to be a significant portion of the Immersive Media market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides the substantial advantages of adopting information and communication technologies (ICTs), software small medium enterprises (SSMEs) face major challenges largely connected to knowledge sharing, security, and management of data and information. The objective of this paper is to propose a platform backed with the advantages of blockchain technologies, allowing intra‐ and inter‐organizational knowledge and information sharing in SSMEs without losing control and ownership. Blockchain technology has the potential to bring about significant improvements in enhancing business models and processes wherein the authenticity of data is provided by smart contracts at every access point in a distributed information cycle in a transparent manner. The findings will support businesses in enhancing information flow, innovation, and competitive advantage in the current dynamic market. Unlike existing studies, which merely discuss the broader use of blockchain technology in the SSME domain, this paper provides a fresh promising direction in transforming SSMEs digitally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the intricate tapestry of environmental discourse, the field of political ecology emerges as a powerful lens through which we scrutinise the interplay of power, nature and society. This paper stages a dialogue with Paul Robbins to examine environmental justice, the decolonisation of political ecology, colonialism, sovereignty, climate change and capitalism. The dialogue challenges the conventional narratives of sovereignty and underscores the imperative of genuine decolonisation—beyond metaphorical interpretations—calling for the restitution of land and authority to Indigenous Peoples and other historically marginalised communities. The dialogue highlights the importance of moving away from capitalist systems that exacerbate environmental degradation. The dialogue calls for decolonising political ecology by including diverse perspectives, methodologies and ontologies and underlines the importance of control over productive resources. It emphasises that addressing the impacts of colonialism requires recognising and honouring the sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples and suggests that political ecology can contribute to decolonisation by focusing on sovereignty and supporting legal and institutional frameworks that empower marginalised communities. The paper discusses the way forward and the future trajectory of political ecology by suggesting that future research in political ecology should focus on diverse economies, embrace emerging technologies and rework academic institutions to value knowledge co‐production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managed pressure cementing (MPC) is a new technology based on managed pressure drilling, which has a greater advantage in facing narrow density window formations. However, the existing pressure prediction models during MPC injection stage consider fewer factors and have lower accuracy. To this end, combined with the characteristics of the injection stage, a predictive model of the distribution of annular fluid type was first proposed. Then, based on the experimental results, fluid density and rheology as a function of temperature and pressure were fitted. The governing equation of temperature‐pressure field was established. Eventually the fluid performance parameters–temperature–pressure coupling prediction model was developed in this paper. By comparing the predicted pump pressure with the measured pump pressure, the maximum relative error is not more than 10%. Using this model, the fluid type distribution, temperature field distribution, and pressure field distribution were investigated. The results indicated that the distribution of fluid types in the wellbore presented a complex variation, with up to 10 fluids in the casing and up to five fluids in the annulus. The trend of temperature field is complex, with three turning points. The larger the formation temperature gradient, the higher the fluid temperature in the annulus. The influence law of fluid heat conduction coefficient is reversed at 6750 m. Decreasing drilling fluid density will trigger gas channeling, while increasing drilling fluid density will increase the risk of fracturing formation, and safe operation can be realized by MPC. The variation of the static pressure in the casing is more complicated than in the annulus and the annular circulation pressure in the eccentric casing is smaller than that of the concentric casing, which is due to the smaller annular friction pressure. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of hydrodynamic parameters during the MPC injection stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) are fast evolving and their technological advancement is taking at a rapid pace. The performance usually depends upon two basic parameters for an EV, the range of the vehicle and energy consumption per kilometre for the vehicle. Drive cycles (DCs) play a major role in designing EVs. Many DCs are currently used such as the Indian drive cycle (IDC), New European Drive Cycle (NEDC), Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) to check the performance of vehicle in term of their emissions and working standards. This paper compares an electric two‐wheeler scooter with these standard DCs for range and energy consumption estimation and found out that the range obtained using NEDC drive cycle was 130 km in comparison with the IDC which was about 95 km. The paper also highlights the importance of good infrastructure of roads in India to optimize the driving range of the electric vehicle and also stresses the use of good cooling techniques of batteries for range enhancement of EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of drug material in the field is an important function of law enforcement agencies, forensic drug laboratories, and drug checking services. Portable testing techniques employed by these different groups range from inexpensive screening tools with low discriminating power, such as presumptive chemical color tests, to more sophisticated portable analytical techniques that behave as miniaturized versions of their laboratory counterparts, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Rapid non‐destructive analysis in the field and non‐laboratory environments is afforded by portable and handheld Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers with little to no sample preparation, while handheld Raman analyzers have the added potential for drug material identification through sealed packaging using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). Utilization of the most suitable testing technique for the given environment is demonstrated at international borders and airports wherein ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) is frequently employed for the detection of drug (and explosive) residues owing to its ease of operation and rapid analysis. Advances in technology and materials have provided analysts with new portable testing techniques, including paper spray ionization–MS (PSI‐MS), an ambient MS technique that provides sensitive, rapid, and reliable analysis without the need for sample preparation steps. A growing area of research and interest in the development of sensitive and selective optical and electrochemical portable (bio)sensors for in‐field analysis of drug material indicates that new commercial sensors for drug detection will be available in the foreseeable future. This article is categorized under:Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Controlled and Emerging Drug CompoundsForensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and MethodsToxicology > Drug Analysis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a sample of 291 human resource managers, the paper establishes how there is a positive relationship between organizational climate for innovation, service orientation, job embeddedness and innovation service behaviour. By scrutinizing 15 projects with elements of business model innovation and through the use of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, the study illustrates the link between four overall capabilities for business model innovation and the subsequent outcomes in terms of project performance and longer-term potential. [Extracted from the article]

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in education holds much promise. However, like many technological innovations before them, adoption and access can often be inequitable from the outset, creating more divides than they bridge. In this paper, we explore the magnitude of the country and language divide in the leading open‐source and proprietary LLMs with respect to knowledge of K‐12 taxonomies in a variety of countries and their performance on tagging problem content with the appropriate skill from a taxonomy, an important task for aligning open educational resources and tutoring content with state curricula. We also experiment with approaches to narrowing the performance divide by enhancing LLM skill tagging performance across four countries (the USA, Ireland, South Korea and India–Maharashtra) for more equitable outcomes. We observe considerable performance disparities not only with non‐English languages but with English and non‐US taxonomies. Our findings demonstrate that fine‐tuning GPT‐3.5 with a few labelled examples can improve its proficiency in tagging problems with relevant skills or standards, even for countries and languages that are underrepresented during training. Furthermore, the fine‐tuning results show the potential viability of GPT as a multilingual skill classifier. Using both an open‐source model, Llama2‐13B, and a closed‐source model, GPT‐3.5, we also observe large disparities in tagging performance between the two and find that fine‐tuning and skill information in the prompt improve both, but the closed‐source model improves to a much greater extent. Our study contributes to the first empirical results on mitigating disparities across countries and languages with LLMs in an educational context. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Recent advances in generative AI have led to increased applications of LLMs in education, offering diverse opportunities.LLMs excel predominantly in English and exhibit a bias towards the US context.Automated content tagging has been studied using English‐language content and taxonomies.What this paper adds Investigates the country and language disparities in LLMs concerning knowledge of educational taxonomies and their performance in tagging content.Presents the first empirical findings on addressing disparities in LLM performance across countries and languages within an educational context.Improves GPT‐3.5's tagging accuracy through fine‐tuning, even for non‐US countries, starting from zero accuracy.Extends automated content tagging to non‐English languages using both open‐source and closed‐source LLMs.Implications for practice and/or policy Underscores the importance of considering the performance generalizability of LLMs to languages other than English.Highlights the potential viability of ChatGPT as a skill tagging classifier across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past century, the field of antibody discovery has undergone significant evolution, excluding the current exploration stage of artificial intelligence‐based antibody generation and the often overlooked non‐animal sourced antibody discovery, which typically requires mature in vitro affinity and the selection of high‐quality antigen formulations. This journey has traversed various stages, from methods involving serum‐based antibody acquisition, the isolation of B cells capable of perpetual antibody production through hybridoma technology, to the in‐depth exploration of genetic material using the phage display system, and the current stage involving diverse single B cell screening techniques. Additionally, the emergence of machine learning has brought impressive scientific and technological breakthroughs across research domains, proving to be a powerful application in the field of antibody discovery. However, each technique comes with its limitations, such as variability and control challenges in serum‐based acquisition, lengthy and difficult hybridoma‐derived antibody development, potential limitations in sequence and epitope diversity due to immunization biases in phage display techniques, and costly single B cell screening. Protein mass spectrometry sequencing, with shorter acquisition time and lower costs, is seen as a shortcut by diagnostic companies, impacting traditional antibody development. In diagnostic antibody development, methodological differences in downstream assays and the impact of constant regions outside the Fv core are often neglected. This paper deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of research on innovation and new product development points to certain foundational issues of concern such as the use of (1) different definitions of constructs germane to the field (e.g., definitions of innovation, innovativeness, and specific types of innovations), (2) different construct labels to refer to specific innovation types, and (3) the same construct label to refer to different innovation types. Over the years, scholars have cautioned that a body of research in a field of study that is based on different definitions of constructs germane to the field would slow the advancement of knowledge. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this Catalyst paper is to initiate a conversation on the prospects for mitigating the definitional quagmire in research on innovation and new product development by developing an inclusive definition of innovation that can be used as a template for defining various types of innovations uniformly. Toward this end, the paper proposes an inclusive definition of innovation based on idea, outcome, and value creation as the defining or essential characteristics of all innovations. Definitions of 10 specific types of innovations defined in a consistent manner, employing the proposed inclusive definition of innovation as a template are also presented. All else being equal, consistency across research studies in the definitions of constructs employed can be conducive to the advancement of knowledge in a field of study in several ways such as streamlining the curation of the research‐based knowledge, facilitating the grounding of new research in prior research (i.e., curated knowledge), and eliminating differences across studies in the definitions of key constructs employed as a potential confound on the research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]