26 results on '"Bernstein IL"'
Search Results
2. Forebrain contribution to the induction of a cellular correlate of conditioned taste aversion in the nucleus of the solitary tract
- Author
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Schafe, GE, primary, Seeley, RJ, additional, and Bernstein, IL, additional
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Clinical and laboratory investigation of allergy to genetically modified foods.
- Author
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Bernstein JA, Bernstein IL, Bucchini L, Goldman LR, Hamilton RG, Lehrer S, Rubin C, and Sampson HA
- Abstract
Technology has improved the food supply since the first cultivation of crops. Genetic engineering facilitates the transfer of genes among organisms. Generally, only minute amounts of a specific protein need to be expressed to obtain the desired trait. Food allergy affects only individuals with an abnormal immunologic response to food--6% of children and 1.5-2% of adults in the United States. Not all diseases caused by food allergy are mediated by IgE. A number of expert committees have advised the U.S. government and international organizations on risk assessment for allergenicity of food proteins. These committees have created decision trees largely based on assessment of IgE-mediated food allergenicity. Difficulties include the limited availability of allergen-specific IgE antisera from allergic persons as validated source material, the utility of specific IgE assays, limited characterization of food proteins, cross-reactivity between food and other allergens, and modifications of food proteins by processing. StarLink was a corn variety modified to produce a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin, Cry9C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated 51 reports of possible adverse reactions to corn that occurred after the announcement that StarLink, allowed for animal feed, was found in the human food supply. Allergic reactions were not confirmed, but tools for postmarket assessment were limited. Workers in agricultural and food preparation facilities have potential inhalation exposure to plant dusts and flours. In 1999, researchers found that migrant health workers can become sensitized to certain Bt spore extracts after exposure to Bt spraying. Thus, the potential for occupational and consumer risks needs to be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Occupational asthma caused by himic anhydride
- Author
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Kenneth D. Rosenman, K. O'Leary, Bernstein Di, Bernstein Il, Gallagher Js, and D'Souza L
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Chemical Phenomena ,Serum albumin ,Immunoglobulin E ,Acid anhydride ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Trimellitic anhydride ,Radioallergosorbent Test ,medicine ,Humans ,Asthma ,Phthalic anhydride ,biology ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human serum albumin ,medicine.disease ,Norbornanes ,Occupational Diseases ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,business ,Occupational asthma ,Follow-Up Studies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Acid anhydride compounds are reactive chemicals that have been previously associated with immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated occupational asthma. Twenty workers with exposure to himic anhydride powder used for the manufacture of a synthetic flame retardant were questioned about respiratory symptoms. The study was initiated after one individual from the plant developed asthma. A test for serum-specific IgE to human serum albumin conjugates of himic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride was performed for seven workers with respiratory symptoms associated with himic anhydride exposure. Three of the seven symptomatic workers who reported wheezing at work exhibited elevated specific IgE to two or more acid anhydride-human serum albumin conjugates. Radioallergosorbent inhibition studies performed with sera containing high levels of himic anhydride-human serum albumin specific IgE from a symptomatic worker demonstrated cross-allergenicity between himic anhydride-human serum albumin and hexahydrophthalic anhydride-human serum albumin allergenic determinants. This study demonstrated that himic anhydride can elicit IgE-mediated sensitization in the workplace.
- Published
- 1987
5. Altered risk-based decision making following adolescent alcohol use results from an imbalance in reinforcement learning in rats.
- Author
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Clark JJ, Nasrallah NA, Hart AS, Collins AL, Bernstein IL, and Phillips PE
- Subjects
- Animals, Choice Behavior, Computer Simulation, Conditioning, Operant, Male, Models, Psychological, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Risk, Alcohol Drinking, Decision Making, Learning, Reinforcement, Psychology
- Abstract
Alcohol use during adolescence has profound and enduring consequences on decision-making under risk. However, the fundamental psychological processes underlying these changes are unknown. Here, we show that alcohol use produces over-fast learning for better-than-expected, but not worse-than-expected, outcomes without altering subjective reward valuation. We constructed a simple reinforcement learning model to simulate altered decision making using behavioral parameters extracted from rats with a history of adolescent alcohol use. Remarkably, the learning imbalance alone was sufficient to simulate the divergence in choice behavior observed between these groups of animals. These findings identify a selective alteration in reinforcement learning following adolescent alcohol use that can account for a robust change in risk-based decision making persisting into later life.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Biologically predisposed learning and selective associations in amygdalar neurons.
- Author
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Chung A, Barot SK, Kim JJ, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins genetics, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins metabolism, Avoidance Learning physiology, Diterpenes administration & dosage, Electroshock adverse effects, Fear, Furans administration & dosage, Lithium Chloride administration & dosage, Male, Muscle Proteins genetics, Muscle Proteins metabolism, Random Allocation, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Taste physiology, Amygdala cytology, Association Learning physiology, Conditioning, Classical physiology, Neurons physiology
- Abstract
Modern views on learning and memory accept the notion of biological constraints-that the formation of association is not uniform across all stimuli. Yet cellular evidence of the encoding of selective associations is lacking. Here, conditioned stimuli (CSs) and unconditioned stimuli (USs) commonly employed in two basic associative learning paradigms, fear conditioning and taste aversion conditioning, were delivered in a manner compatible with a functional cellular imaging technique (Arc cellular compartmental analysis of temporal gene transcription by fluorescence in situ hybridization [catFISH]) to identify biological constraints on CS-US convergence at the level of neurons in basolateral amygdala (BLA). Results indicate coincident Arc mRNA activation within BLA neurons after CS-US combinations that yield rapid, efficient learning, but not after CS-US combinations that do not.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Risk preference following adolescent alcohol use is associated with corrupted encoding of costs but not rewards by mesolimbic dopamine.
- Author
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Nasrallah NA, Clark JJ, Collins AL, Akers CA, Phillips PE, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior physiology, Animals, Humans, Limbic System physiology, Male, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Signal Transduction physiology, Synaptic Transmission physiology, Alcohol Drinking, Decision Making drug effects, Dopamine metabolism, Ethanol pharmacology, Limbic System drug effects, Reward, Risk
- Abstract
Several emerging theories of addiction have described how abused substances exploit vulnerabilities in decision-making processes. These vulnerabilities have been proposed to result from pharmacologically corrupted neural mechanisms of normal brain valuation systems. High alcohol intake in rats during adolescence has been shown to increase risk preference, leading to suboptimal performance on a decision-making task when tested in adulthood. Understanding how alcohol use corrupts decision making in this way has significant clinical implications. However, the underlying mechanism by which alcohol use increases risk preference remains unclear. To address this central issue, we assessed dopamine neurotransmission with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry during reward valuation and risk-based decision making in rats with and without a history of adolescent alcohol intake. We specifically targeted the mesolimbic dopamine system, the site of action for virtually all abused substances. This system, which continuously develops during the adolescent period, is central to both reward processing and risk-based decision making. We report that a history of adolescent alcohol use alters dopamine signaling to risk but not to reward. Thus, a corruption of cost encoding suggests that adolescent alcohol use leads to long-term changes in decision making by altering the valuation of risk.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Long-term risk preference and suboptimal decision making following adolescent alcohol use.
- Author
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Nasrallah NA, Yang TW, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Cerebral Cortex drug effects, Cerebral Cortex growth & development, Choice Behavior, Gelatin pharmacology, Humans, Psychology, Adolescent, Rats, Reward, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Alcohol Drinking psychology, Decision Making, Risk-Taking
- Abstract
Individuals who abused alcohol at an early age show decision-making impairments. However, the question of whether maladaptive choice constitutes a predisposing factor to, or a consequence resulting from, alcohol exposure remains open. To examine whether a causal link exists between voluntary alcohol consumption during adolescence and adult decision making the present studies used a rodent model. High levels of voluntary alcohol intake were promoted by providing adolescent rats with access to alcohol in a palatable gel matrix under nondeprivation conditions. A probability-discounting instrumental response task offered a choice between large but uncertain rewards and small but certain rewards to assess risk-based choice in adulthood either 3 weeks or 3 months following alcohol exposure. While control animals' performance on this task closely conformed to a predictive model of risk-neutral value matching, rats that consumed high levels of alcohol during adolescence violated this model, demonstrating greater risk preference. Evidence of significant risk bias was still present when choice was assessed 3 months following discontinuation of alcohol access. These findings provide evidence that adolescent alcohol exposure may lead to altered decision making during adulthood and this model offers a promising approach to the investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of this link.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Functional imaging of stimulus convergence in amygdalar neurons during Pavlovian fear conditioning.
- Author
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Barot SK, Chung A, Kim JJ, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Amygdala cytology, Animals, Hippocampus cytology, Hippocampus physiology, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Male, Microscopy, Confocal, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate antagonists & inhibitors, Transcription, Genetic, Amygdala physiology, Conditioning, Classical, Fear, Neurons cytology
- Abstract
Background: Associative conditioning is a ubiquitous form of learning throughout the animal kingdom and fear conditioning is one of the most widely researched models for studying its neurobiological basis. Fear conditioning is also considered a model system for understanding phobias and anxiety disorders. A fundamental issue in fear conditioning regards the existence and location of neurons in the brain that receive convergent information about the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) during the acquisition of conditioned fear memory. Convergent activation of neurons is generally viewed as a key event for fear learning, yet there has been almost no direct evidence of this critical event in the mammalian brain., Methodology/principal Findings: Here, we used Arc cellular compartmental analysis of temporal gene transcription by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) to identify neurons activated during single trial contextual fear conditioning in rats. To conform to temporal requirements of catFISH analysis we used a novel delayed contextual fear conditioning protocol which yields significant single- trial fear conditioning with temporal parameters amenable to catFISH analysis. Analysis yielded clear evidence that a population of BLA neurons receives convergent CS and US information at the time of the learning, that this only occurs when the CS-US arrangement is supportive of the learning, and that this process requires N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. In contrast, CS-US convergence was not observed in dorsal hippocampus., Conclusions/significance: Based on the pattern of Arc activation seen in conditioning and control groups, we propose that a key requirement for CS-US convergence onto BLA neurons is the potentiation of US responding by prior exposure to a novel CS. Our results also support the view that contextual fear memories are encoded in the amygdala and that the role of dorsal hippocampus is to process and transmit contextual CS information.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Visualizing stimulus convergence in amygdala neurons during associative learning.
- Author
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Barot SK, Kyono Y, Clark EW, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Amygdala cytology, Animals, In Situ Hybridization methods, Male, Neurons cytology, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Amygdala metabolism, Memory physiology, Neurons metabolism, Transcription, Genetic physiology
- Abstract
A central feature of models of associative memory formation is the reliance on information convergence from pathways responsive to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). In particular, cells receiving coincident input are held to be critical for subsequent plasticity. Yet identification of neurons in the mammalian brain that respond to such coincident inputs during a learning event remains elusive. Here we use Arc cellular compartmental analysis of temporal gene transcription by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) to locate populations of neurons in the mammalian brain that respond to both the CS and US during training in a one-trial learning task, conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Individual neurons in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) responded to both the CS taste and US drug during conditioning. Coincident activation was not evident, however, when stimulus exposure was altered so as to be ineffective in promoting learning (backward conditioning, latent inhibition). Together, these data provide clear visualization of neurons in the mammalian brain receiving convergent information about the CS and US during acquisition of a learned association.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Molecular signaling during taste aversion learning.
- Author
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Bernstein IL and Koh MT
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Avoidance Learning, Signal Transduction, Taste
- Abstract
Behavioral and neural assessment tools have been used to identify cellular and molecular events that occur during taste aversion acquisition. Studies described here include an assessment of taste information processing and taste-illness association using fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) to mark populations of cells that react strongly to the taste conditioned stimulus (CS), the illness unconditioned stimulus (US), or the pairing of CS and US. Exposure to a novel, but not a familiar, CS taste (saccharin) was found to induce robust increases in FLI in some, but not all, brain regions previously implicated in taste processing or taste aversion learning. Striking effects of taste novelty on FLI were found in central amygdala (CNA) and insular cortex (IC) but not in basolateral amygdala (BLA), pontine parabrachial nucleus (PBN), or nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Of those regions responding to taste novelty, only CNA showed significant elevations in FLI in response to the US, LiCl. In additional studies, FLI was examined after an effective training experience, novel CS-US pairing, and compared with an ineffective one, familiar CS-US pairing. After CS-US pairing, taste novelty modulated FLI in virtually all the regions previously implicated in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning, including PBN, CNA, BLA, IC, as well as NTS. Thus, a distributed and interdependent neural CTA circuit is mapped using this method, and the use of localized lesion and inactivation studies promises to further define the functional role of structures within this circuit.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Induction of a salt appetite alters dendritic morphology in nucleus accumbens and sensitizes rats to amphetamine.
- Author
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Roitman MF, Na E, Anderson G, Jones TA, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Behavior, Animal physiology, Central Nervous System Stimulants pharmacology, Dendrites ultrastructure, Male, Motor Activity drug effects, Neuronal Plasticity drug effects, Neuronal Plasticity physiology, Neurons cytology, Neurons drug effects, Nucleus Accumbens cytology, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Amphetamine pharmacology, Appetite physiology, Dendrites drug effects, Nucleus Accumbens drug effects, Sodium deficiency
- Abstract
Sensitization to drugs, such as amphetamine, is associated with alterations in the morphology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region critical to motivation and reward. The studies reported here indicate that a strong natural motivator, sodium depletion and associated salt appetite, also leads to alterations in neurons in nucleus accumbens. Medium spiny neurons in the shell of the nucleus accumbens of rats that had experienced sodium depletions had significantly more dendritic branches and spines than controls. In addition, a history of sodium depletions was found to have cross-sensitization effects, leading to enhanced psychostimulant responses to amphetamine. Thus, neuronal alterations common to salt and drug sensitization may provide a general mechanism for enhanced behavioral responses to subsequent exposures to these challenges.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. NaCl detection thresholds: comparison of Fischer 344 and Wistar rats.
- Author
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Clarke SN, Koh MT, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Amiloride pharmacology, Animals, Conditioning, Psychological, Diuretics pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred F344, Sodium Channel Blockers, Species Specificity, Time Factors, Sensory Thresholds, Sodium Chloride chemistry, Taste
- Abstract
Adult Fischer 344 (F344) rats fail to display any preference for NaCl solutions at concentrations typically preferred by other rat strains. To determine whether this behavior is due to a strain difference in NaCl detection threshold, a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was first established to a suprathreshold concentration of NaCl (0.1 M). Then, a series of dilute NaCl solutions, ranging from 0.0 to 0.011 M NaCl, were presented to F344 (n = 16) and Wistar (n = 16) rats. The lowest concentration at which there was a reliable difference in the preference scores of conditioned and control rats was defined as the detection threshold. Results indicate that the detection threshold for NaCl lies between 0.001 and 0.002 M NaCl for both F344 and Wistar rats. The addition of the sodium channel blocker amiloride to the NaCl solutions raised the detection threshold 10-fold to 0.03-0.04 M NaCl for both strains of rats. These results suggest that the NaCl detection thresholds of F344 and Wistar rats are similar and that these strains do not differ in the degree to which amiloride raises this threshold.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Amiloride-sensitive signals and NaCl preference and appetite: a lick-rate analysis.
- Author
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Brot MD, Watson CH, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Animals, Appetite drug effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Feeding Behavior drug effects, Feeding Behavior physiology, Food Preferences drug effects, Male, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Signal Transduction, Taste drug effects, Amiloride pharmacology, Appetite physiology, Food Preferences physiology, Sodium, Dietary, Taste physiology, Water Deprivation physiology
- Abstract
Rats prefer hypotonic and isotonic NaCl solutions to water in long-access drinking paradigms. To focus on the role of taste signals in NaCl preference, licking patterns of rats with 30-s exposure to NaCl solutions (0-0.5 M) were examined when they were either water deprived, sodium depleted, or not deprived (NaCl mixed in dilute sucrose). In all three conditions, rats displayed a preference for NaCl. The addition of 100 microM amiloride, a sodium channel blocker, to NaCl did not change rats' licking when they were sodium replete but dramatically reduced licking when they were deplete. Transection of the chorda tympani (CT) nerve, an afferent pathway for amiloride-sensitive Na(+) signals, had no effect on NaCl preference in nondeprived rats and only a modest effect on those that were Na(+) deplete. Amiloride was found to exert significant suppression of NaCl intake in Na(+)-depleted rats with transection of the CT, supporting the existence of other afferent pathways for transmission of amiloride-sensitive Na(+) signalling. Together, these studies argue for the involvement of different neural signalling mechanisms in NaCl preference in the presence and absence of explicit Na(+) need.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. High ethanol consumption and low sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation in protein kinase A-mutant mice.
- Author
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Thiele TE, Willis B, Stadler J, Reynolds JG, Bernstein IL, and McKnight GS
- Subjects
- Animals, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases metabolism, Ethanol metabolism, Hypnotics and Sedatives metabolism, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Quinine pharmacology, Sucrose pharmacology, Alcohol Drinking genetics, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases genetics, Ethanol pharmacology, Hypnotics and Sedatives pharmacology
- Abstract
Both in vitro and in vivo evidence indicate that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) mediates some of the acute and chronic cellular responses to alcohol. However, it is unclear whether PKA regulates voluntary alcohol consumption. We therefore studied alcohol consumption by mice that completely lack the regulatory IIbeta (RIIbeta) subunit of PKA as a result of targeted gene disruption. Here we report that RIIbeta knockout mice (RIIbeta-/-) showed incr eased consumption of solutions containing 6, 10, and 20% (v/v) ethanol when compared with wild-type mice (RIIbeta+/+). On the other hand, RIIbeta-/- mice showed normal consumption of solutions containing either sucrose or quinine. When compared with wild-type mice, the RIIbeta-/- mice were found to be less sensitive to the sedative effects of ethanol as measured by more rapid recovery from ethanol-induced sleep, even though plasma ethanol concentrations did not differ significantly from those of controls. Finally, both RIbeta- and catylatic subunit beta1-deficient mice showed normal voluntary consumption of ethanol, indicating that increased ethanol consumption is not a general characteristic associated with deletion of PKA subunits. These data demonstrate a role for the RIIbeta subunit of PKA in regulating voluntary consumption of alcohol and sensitivity to the intoxication effects that are produced by this drug.
- Published
- 2000
16. Immune responses in farm workers after exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis pesticides.
- Author
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Bernstein IL, Bernstein JA, Miller M, Tierzieva S, Bernstein DI, Lummus Z, Selgrade MK, Doerfler DL, and Seligy VL
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Bacillus thuringiensis isolation & purification, Humans, Immunoglobulin E blood, Immunoglobulin G blood, Mouth microbiology, Nasal Mucosa microbiology, Skin Tests, Bacillus thuringiensis immunology, Occupational Exposure, Pest Control, Biological
- Abstract
Although health risks to pesticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been minimal, the potential allergenicity of these organisms has not been evaluated. Therefore, a health survey was conducted in farm workers before and after exposure to Bt pesticides. Farm workers who picked vegetables that required Bt pesticide spraying were evaluated before the initial spraying operation (n = 48) and 1 and 4 months after (n = 32 and 20, respectively). Two groups of low- (n = 44) and medium- (n = 34) exposure workers not directly exposed to Bt spraying were also assessed. The investigation included questionnaires, nasal/mouth lavages, ventilatory function assessment, and skin tests to indigenous aeroallergens and to a variety of Bt spore and vegetative preparations. To authenticate exposure to the organism present in the commercial preparation, isolates from lavage specimens were tested for Bt genes by DNA-DNA hybridization. Humoral immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses to spore and vegetative Bt extracts were assayed. There was no evidence of occupationally related respiratory symptoms. Positive skin-prick tests to several spore extracts were seen chiefly in exposed workers. In particular, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the number of positive skin tests to spore extracts 1 and 4 months after exposure to Bt spray. The number of positive skin test responses was also significantly higher in high (p < 0.05) than in low- or medium-exposure workers. The majority of nasal lavage cultures from exposed workers was positive for the commercial Bt organism, as demonstrated by specific molecular genetic probes. Specific IgE antibodies were present in more high-exposure workers (p < 0.05) than in the low and medium groups. Specific IgG antibodies occurred more in the high (p < 0.05) than in the low-exposure group. Specific IgG and IgE antibodies to vegetative organisms were present in all groups of workers. Exposure to Bt sprays may lead to allergic skin sensitization and induction of IgE and IgG antibodies, or both.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Ethanol consumption and resistance are inversely related to neuropeptide Y levels.
- Author
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Thiele TE, Marsh DJ, Ste Marie L, Bernstein IL, and Palmiter RD
- Subjects
- Animals, Hypnotics and Sedatives pharmacology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Neuropeptide Y deficiency, Taste, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol blood, Ethanol pharmacology, Neuropeptide Y physiology
- Abstract
Genetic linkage analysis of rats that were selectively bred for alcohol preference identified a chromosomal region that includes the neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene. Alcohol-preferring rats have lower levels of NPY in several brain regions compared with alcohol-non-preferring rats. We therefore studied alcohol consumption by mice that completely lack NPY as a result of targeted gene disruption. Here we report that NPY-deficient mice show increased consumption, compared with wild-type mice, of solutions containing 6%, 10% and 20% (v/v) ethanol. NPY-deficient mice are also less sensitive to the sedative/hypnotic effects of ethanol, as shown by more rapid recovery from ethanol-induced sleep, even though plasma ethanol concentrations do not differ significantly from those of controls. In contrast, transgenic mice that overexpress a marked NPY gene in neurons that usually express it have a lower preference for ethanol and are more sensitive to the sedative/hypnotic effects of this drug than controls. These data are direct evidence that alcohol consumption and resistance are inversely related to NPY levels in the brain.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Conditioning method dramatically alters the role of amygdala in taste aversion learning.
- Author
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Schafe GE, Thiele TE, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Animals, Choice Behavior physiology, Drinking Behavior physiology, Habituation, Psychophysiologic physiology, Male, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Reaction Time physiology, Amygdala physiology, Avoidance Learning physiology, Conditioning, Operant physiology, Taste physiology
- Abstract
Although an important role for the amygdala in taste aversion learning has been suggested by work in a number of laboratories, results have been inconsistent and interpretations varied. The present series of studies reevaluated the role of the amygdala in taste aversion learning by examining the extent to which conditioning methods, testing methods and lesioning methods, influence whether amygdala lesions dramatically affect conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning. Results indicated that when animals are conditioned with an intraoral (I/O) taste presentation, lesions of amygdala eliminate evidence of conditioning whether animals are tested intraorally or with a two-bottle solution presentation. Dramatic effects of amygdala lesions on CTA learning were seen whether lesions were made electrolytically or using an excitotoxin. In contrast, when animals were conditioned using bottle presentation of the taste, electrolytic lesions attenuated CTAs but did not eliminate them, and excitotoxic lesions had no effect. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that neural structures critical for CTA learning may differ depending on the extent to which the method of conditioned stimulus delivery incorporates a response component.
- Published
- 1998
19. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and satiety.
- Author
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van Dijk G, Thiele TE, Seeley RJ, Woods SC, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Animals, Avoidance Learning, Eating, Glucagon, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucagon-Like Peptides, Neuropeptides antagonists & inhibitors, Peptide Fragments antagonists & inhibitors, Peptide Fragments pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos genetics, Rats, Saccharin, Satiety Response drug effects, Taste, Neuropeptides physiology, Peptide Fragments physiology, Satiety Response physiology
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Workshop overview. Identification of respiratory allergens.
- Author
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Kimber I, Bernstein IL, Karol MH, Robinson MK, Sarlo K, and Selgrade MK
- Subjects
- Animals, Guinea Pigs, Hazardous Substances, Humans, Mice, Occupational Exposure, Proteins immunology, Risk Assessment, Structure-Activity Relationship, Toxicity Tests, United States, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Allergens toxicity, Respiratory Hypersensitivity chemically induced, Respiratory System immunology
- Abstract
A variety of chemicals and proteins can sensitize the respiratory tract. Among these are materials of industrial importance, including certain diisocyanates, acid anhydrides, reactive dyes, and enzymes. Currently, no widely accepted or well-validated methods for the prospective identification of respiratory allergens exist. Most progress has been made with guinea pig methods where sensitizing potential is measured usually by assessment of changes in pulmonary function induced following sensitization and challenge. However, these methods are often prohibitively expensive, particularly for screening purposes. A number of alternative approaches are under consideration and are described here. The nature of the health problems associated with occupational respiratory sensitization, chemical structure-activity analyses as a tool for detecting pulmonary allergens, approaches used to test for respiratory allergens in guinea pigs, and alternative approaches using mice are all discussed. Finally, regulatory issues and needs with respect to respiratory sensitization are outlined.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Development of food aversions during illness.
- Author
-
Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Animals, Chronic Disease therapy, Food Preferences, Humans, Learning, Acute Disease therapy, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Surgical Procedures, Operative
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Tumor anorexia: a learned food aversion?
- Author
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Bernstein IL and Sigmundi RA
- Subjects
- Animals, Food Preferences, Humans, Male, Rats, Sarcoma, Experimental complications, Anorexia etiology, Feeding and Eating Disorders etiology, Learning, Sarcoma, Experimental physiopathology
- Abstract
Anorexia can occur when a specific diet is associated with a developing illness. The studies reported here show that the decline in food intake which accompanies tumor growth is accompanied by the development of aversions to the specific diet consumed during tumor growth. An immediate elevation in food consumption occurred when a novel diet was introduced. Therefore, the development of learned aversions to the specific diet eaten during tumor growth may be a causal factor in the development of tumor anorexia.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Occupational asthma caused by himic anhydride.
- Author
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Rosenman KD, Bernstein DI, O'Leary K, Gallagher JS, D'Souza L, and Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Adult, Asthma immunology, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Male, Occupational Diseases immunology, Radioallergosorbent Test, Asthma chemically induced, Norbornanes adverse effects, Occupational Diseases chemically induced
- Abstract
Acid anhydride compounds are reactive chemicals that have been previously associated with immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated occupational asthma. Twenty workers with exposure to himic anhydride powder used for the manufacture of a synthetic flame retardant were questioned about respiratory symptoms. The study was initiated after one individual from the plant developed asthma. A test for serum-specific IgE to human serum albumin conjugates of himic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride and trimellitic anhydride was performed for seven workers with respiratory symptoms associated with himic anhydride exposure. Three of the seven symptomatic workers who reported wheezing at work exhibited elevated specific IgE to two or more acid anhydride-human serum albumin conjugates. Radioallergosorbent inhibition studies performed with sera containing high levels of himic anhydride-human serum albumin specific IgE from a symptomatic worker demonstrated cross-allergenicity between himic anhydride-human serum albumin and hexahydrophthalic anhydride-human serum albumin allergenic determinants. This study demonstrated that himic anhydride can elicit IgE-mediated sensitization in the workplace.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Learned taste aversions in children receiving chemotherapy.
- Author
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Bernstein IL
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Anorexia chemically induced, Child, Child, Preschool, Cyclophosphamide adverse effects, Cytarabine adverse effects, Digestive System drug effects, Doxorubicin adverse effects, Feeding Behavior physiology, Humans, Neoplasms drug therapy, Taste physiology, Vincristine adverse effects, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Avoidance Learning physiology
- Abstract
Children with neoplastic diseases were offered an unusual ice cream before their drug treatments. Patients experiencing gastrointestinal toxicity due to the drugs were subsequently less likely to choose that ice cream again than controls. This suggests that taste aversions induced by drug-associated symptoms may contribute to the appetite loss experienced by cancer patients.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. IATROGENIC BRONCHOSPASM OCCURRING DURING CLINICAL TRIALS OF A NEW MUCOLYTIC AGENT, ACETYLCYSTEINE.
- Author
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BERNSTEIN IL and AUSDENMOORE RW
- Subjects
- Humans, Acetylcysteine, Aerosols, Asthma, Bronchial Spasm, Cysteine, Drug Therapy, Expectorants, Iatrogenic Disease, Toxicology
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Viable algae in house dust.
- Author
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Bernstein IL and Safferman RS
- Subjects
- Humans, Respiratory Hypersensitivity, Skin Tests, Air Microbiology, Allergens, Dust, Eukaryota
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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