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Background: Deep vein thrombosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. However, its association with adenomatous polyposis coli is extremely rare. Here we present an interesting case of deep vein thrombosis associated with adenomatous polyposis coli. Case Presentation: A 15 year old female who was having fever and diarrhea for 5 months developed bilateral asymmetric painful swelling of lower limbs for 1 month. Doppler ultrasound of lower limbs revealed presence of thrombosis from inferior vena cava up to popliteal vein. Colonoscopy and biopsy were suggestive of adenomatous polyposis coli. However, she could not tolerate anticoagulant therapy and was put on aspirin therapy for 6 months to which she responded well with the resolution of thrombus. Conclusion: Role of aspirin therapy may be considered whenever a patient of venous thrombosis cannot tolerate anticoagulant therapy

Primary pleural lymphoma is a rare entity that has been described in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or pyothorax. This paper reports on a 27 year old man with no history of HIV infection or pyothorax who presented with progressive dyspnea and heaviness of chest. Chest radiography revealed complete opacification of the left hemithorax, and contrast enhanced computed tomography showed large left pleural effusion and homogeneous, extensive thickening of the parietal pleura. CT guided biopsy of thickened pleura is suggestive of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma-T cell lymphoblastic variety. Physicians should be aware of this rare location of primary pleural lymphoma manifested by thickening of the pleura.

A 20-year-old boy presenting daily febrile episodes was suspected to have developed acute hepatic failure. Serologic tests ruled out infectious and autoimmune causes apart from drug toxicity. During clinical examinations, he was found to have generalized enlarged lymph nodes that were then taken biopsy. It was diagnosed as classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma based on histological examination of the lymph node. A bone marrow biopsy showed marrow infi ltration by Hodgkin’s lymphoma with hemophagocytosis and secondary myelofibrosis. A percutaneous liver biopsy demonstrated hepatic involvement of the same disease. After an extensive work-up, the cause of liver failure was figure out to be only attributed to the involvement of the lymphoma. Hodgkin’s lymphoma as a cause of hepatic failure is rare and young patients diagnosed as Hodgkin’s lymphoma causing hepatic failure has been reported very rarely so far.

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder which involves multiple systems in a chronic progressive manner. Micro–angiopathic haemolytic anaemia is a distinguished feature of “scleroderma renal crisis”, which is manifested by severe hypertension, a rapidly progressing renal dysfunction and hyperreninaemia and is seen in patients with an early, diffuse form of the disease. A nervous system involvement is rare, though entrapment neuropathies have been reported. Who presented with a sequential loss of vision in both eyes; due to retinal vasculitis in right eye and optic nerve demyelination in the left eye. She also had severe Coombs’ negative haemolytic anaemia in absence of any renal dysfunction or hypertension. Both the ophthalmologic and the haematologic manifestations are very rare and both responded well to oral prednisolone therapy.

Tuberculosis of spine is common in a developing country like India. However, involvement of spine at multiple levels along with involvement of rib and tubercular breast abscess in an immunocompetent patient without any pulmonary involvement is extremely rare. Here we report a case of 53-year-old immunocompetent lady who presented with quadriparesis and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of spine revealed multiple lesions involving cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral region without any involvement of intervertebral disc. On detailed examination she was found to have a lump in right breast. Fine needle aspiration cytology of both paravertebral collection and breast lump revealed presence of acid fast bacilli. She was put on antitubercular drug for one year and she responded well to therapy.

The association between pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and the developmentof bronchogenic carcinoma in a patient with sclerodermahas been reported rarely[1]. It is hypothesized that intense epithelialproliferation that is accompanied by the fi brotic process increases theoccurrence of carcinomatous changes[2]. We report the case of a patientwho presented with 3-year history of Raynaud’s phenomenon,gradual tightening of the skin which was ignored by the patient andher family members, and a 2-week history of severe respiratory distresswith left shoulder and upper back pain followed by the developmentof paraparesis. After a series of examinations, the patient wasdiagnosed with scleroderma and simultaneously with bronchogeniccarcinoma and multiple distant metastases.

Risk prediction for a particular disease in a population through SNP genotyping exploits tests whose primary goal is to rank the SNPs on the basis of their disease association. This manuscript reveals a different approach of predicting the risk through network representation by using combined genotypic data (instead of a single allele/haplotype). The aim of this study is to classify diseased group and prediction of disease risk by identifying the responsible genotype. Genotypic combination is chosen from five independent loci present on platelet receptor genes P2RY1 and P2RY12. Genotype-sets constructed from combinations of genotypes served as a network input, the network architecture constituting super-nodes (e.g., case and control) and nodes representing individuals, each individual is described by a set of genotypes containing M markers (M = number of SNP). The analysis becomes further enriched when we consider a set of networks derived from the parent network. By maintaining the super-nodes identical, each network is carrying an independent combination of M-1 markers taken from M markers. For each of the network, the ratio of case specific and control specific connections vary and the ratio of super-node specific connection shows variability. This method of network has also been applied in another case-control study which includes oral cancer, precancer and control individuals to check whether it improves presentation and interpretation of data. The analyses reveal a perfect segregation between super-nodes, only a fraction of mixed state being connected to both the super-nodes (i.e. common genotype set). This kind of approach is favorable for a population to classify whether an individual with a particular genotypic combination can be in a risk group to develop disease. In addition with that we can identify the most important polymorphism whose presence or absence in a population can make a large difference in the number of case and control individuals.

New-onset seizures are frequent manifestations in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We describe the clinical and radiological findings in an 25yr old AIDS patient presenting with new onset seizures as the primary manifestation of cerebral toxoplasmosis and Non Tuberculous Mycobacterial [NTM] co-infection. Cranial computed tomography showed a subtle ventricular dilatation whereas magnetic resonance imaging disclosed prominent temporal horn. Toxoplasma tachyzoites and rapidly growing mycobacteria were recovered from CSF. Seizures were complex partial in nature and refractory to antiepileptic therapy.