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Eva Ardanaz, Agnetha Linn Rostgaard-Hansen, Alessio Naccarati, Elisabete Weiderpass, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Rudolf Kaaks, Tilman Kühn, Anna Winkvist, Jośe Mariá Huerta, H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita, Guri Skeie, Pietro Ferrari, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Gabriel Perlemuter, Augustin Scalbert, Olatz Mokoroa, Giovanna Tagliabue, Marc J. Gunter, Kim Overvad, José Ramón Quirós, Agneta Kiss, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Talita Duarte-Salles, Nivonirina Robinot, Anne Tjønneland, Antonia Trichopoulou, Julie A. Schmidt, Christina C. Dahm, Roel Vermeulen, Rosario Tumino, Núria Sala, Joseph A. Rothwell, Sophia Harlid, Magdalena Stepien, Klas Sjöberg, Vivian Viallon, Neil Murphy, Anna Karakatsani, Salvatore Panico, Nicholas J. Wareham, María José Sánchez, Francesca Mancini, Domenico Palli, Mazda Jenab, Elio Riboli, Bodil Ohlsson, Kay-Tee Khaw, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C570/A16491 Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS Ligue Contre le Cancer German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS National Research Council, NRC 6236 Hellenic Health Foundation, HHF Fondation Gustave Roussy European Commission, EC Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC RD06/0020 Deutsche Krebshilfe World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Cancerfonden Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, This work was supported by the French National Cancer Institute (L'Institut National du Cancer, INCA) (grant number 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1, PI: M. Jenab). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO), and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, and Institut National de la Sant? et de la Recherche M?dicale (INSERM) (France), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), National Research Council, and AIRE-ONLUS Ragusa, AVIS Ragusa, Sicilian Government (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and Statistics Netherlands (the Netherlands), and Nordic Center of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway), Health Research Fund (FIS), Regional Governments of Andaluc?a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (No. 6236) and Navarra, and ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, and Regional Government of Sk?ne and V?sterbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 for EPIC-Norfolk and C570/A16491 for EPIC-Oxford) and the Medical Research Council (1000143 for EPIC-Norfolk and MR/M012190/1 for EPIC-Oxford) (UK). The funding sources had no influence on the design of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, and or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Disclaimer: Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization.

Trude Eid Robsahm, Agnès Fournier, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Reza Ghiasvand, Marina Kvaskoff, Manon Cairat, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Iris Cervenka, Marie Al Rahmoun, Gianluca Severi, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Cancer Registry of Norway, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), 2102 918823, NCT03285230, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR-10-COHO-0006, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: INCa_13539, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, We are grateful to the study participants for their continued participation and to practitioners for providing pathology reports. We also thank all members of the E3N study group, particularly Rafika Cha?t, Ghizlane Bajawi-Esselma, Amandine Gelot, Marie Fangon, Pascale Gerbouin-R?rolle, Sabine Moreira-Faria, Nad?ge Senina, Sofiane Harizi, Lyan Hoang, Anita Kowal, and Camille Laplanche for their technical assistance. The E3N cohort from the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) was supported by the Mutuelle G?n?rale de l'Education Nationale, the Gustave Roussy Institute, and the French League against Cancer. E3N-E4N is also supported by the French National Research Agency under the Investment for the Future Program (ANR-10-COHO-0006) and by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (subsidy for public service charges #2102 918823). MAR, YMS, and IC were supported by research scholarships from the French National Cancer Institute (MAR: INCa_13539), the Paris Ile-de-France region, and the French Ministry of Research, respectively. This study is listed at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03285230. The work reported in this paper was performed during Agn?s Fournier's term as a Visiting Scientist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Conceptualization: MK, AF, Data Curation: MAR, AF, Formal Analysis: MAR, Funding Acquisition: MAR, MK, AF, Investigation: MAR, MK, AF, Methodology: MK, AF, Project Administration: MK, AF, Resources: GS, MCBR, MK, AF, Software: MAR, AF, Supervision: MK, AF, Visualization: MAR, Validation: MK, AF, Writing - Original Draft Preparation: MAR, RG, TER, MK, AF, Writing - Review and Editing: MAR, RG, MC, YMS, IC, GS, MCBR, TER, MK, AF, Funding sources had no role in study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication., ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, and Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID

Agnès Fournier, Marc J. Gunter, Gianluca Severi, Manon Cairat, Laure Dossus, Marie Al Rahmoun, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Ligue Contre le Cancer Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN Institut Gustave-Roussy Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Ligue Contre le Cancer (support for the E3N cohort and PhD fellowship to Manon Cairat). Acknowledgements Disclaimer, and The research was carried out using data from the Inserm (French National Institutes for Health and Medical Research) E3N cohort, which was established and maintained with the support of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (MGEN), Gustave Roussy, and the French League against Cancer (LNCC). We are grateful to the study participants for their continued participation and to medical practitioners for providing pathology reports. We also thank all members of the E3N-EPIC study group, in particular Rafika Chaït, Ghizlane Esselma, Marie Fangon, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Lyan Hoang, Roselyn Gomes and the data management team, and Amandine Gelot for data management and/or technical assistance. The work reported in this paper was performed during Agnès Fournier’s term as a Visiting Scientist at the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Eun Ho Eunice Choi, Thierry Lavabre-Bertrand, Cédric Cleyrat, Serge Carillo, Romain Girard, Sylvie Hermouet, Bridget S. Wilson, Eric Jeziorski, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Département Pédiatrie [CHRU Montpellier], Pôle Femme Mère Enfant [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de Cytologie Clinique et de Cytogénétique [CHU Nîmes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Inflammation in Hematological Diseases (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 16), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), This work was supported in part by grants from the Department of Defense, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CA140409) (C.C. and B.S.W.), the American Cancer Society (126768-IRG-14-187-19) (C.C.), and Ligue contre le Cancer, comité du Gard (S.C.). Images in this paper were generated in the University of New Mexico (UNM) Cancer Center Fluorescence Microscopy Shared Resource supported by National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (NCI) grant P30CA118110 and National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Science grant., Bernardo, Elizabeth, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)

Sonia Ait-Younes, Mourad Belkhelfa, Chafia Touil-Boukoffa, Yvan de Launoit, Hassen Mahfouf, Hayet Rafa, Nadira Delhem, Hayat Ait-Kaci, Olivier Moralès, Sabah Hetit, Oussama Medjeber, Sarra Benkhelifa, Said Belhadef, Mécanismes de tumorigenèse et thérapies ciblées, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FGMGP/USTHB, Université d'Algérie, Hôpital Rouïba [Algerie], Le centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Mustapha Pacha [Alger], Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Béni-Messous, CHU Nafissa Hamoud [Hussein Dey], University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, They also thank the national agency of research development in health (ATRSS) which supported their project (code project: 03/06/01/10/011). They have also received support from the SIRIC ONCO Lille., The authors would like to gratefully thank all the participants involved in this study as well as the technical staff of the department of oncology (Rouiba Hospital) and Anatomic Pathology Service (Mustapha Pacha Hospital). They greatly thank Meroua BOUCHEMAL, Arezki CHEKAOUI and Dr. Kahina TOURI (USTHB, Algiers, Algeria) for all help and support of this work. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Mohamed Boudjelal and Science Edit for the Developing World for editing the English Language of the paper., Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Institut de biologie de Lille - UMS 3702 (IBL), Université de Lille-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Lisa V. Hampson, Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Caroline Brard, Nathalie Gaspar, Gwénaël Le Teuff, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de biostatistique et d'épidémiologie (SBE), Direction de la recherche clinique [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Statistical Methodology [Bâle, Suisse], Novartis Pharma AG, Département de cancérologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité de Méthodologie et de Biostatistique [Lille] (UMB), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le Cancer Oscar Lambret [Lille] (UNICANCER/Lille), Université de Lille-UNICANCER-Université de Lille-UNICANCER, We acknowledge for the design, analysis, interpretation of the simulation study, and for the writing of the manuscript, funding from – PhD grant from doctoral school of public health, Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay – Lisa Hampson’s contribution to the paper was partly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (grant MR/M013510/1) and was completed while she was an employee of Lancaster University – Ligue contre le cancer, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-UNICANCER, and Bodescot, Myriam

John M. Sedivy, Paul D. Robbins, Cleo L. Bishop, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Konstantinos Vougas, Konstantinos Evangelou, Valery Krizhanovsky, Dorothy C. Bennett, Eiji Hara, Diana Jurk, Gerardo Ferbeyre, Judith Campisi, Masashi Narita, Laura J. Niedernhofer, Manuel Serrano, Clemens A. Schmitt, Peter D. Adams, Oliver Bischof, Andrea Alimonti, Marco Demaria, Jesús Gil, Daohong Zhou, Manuel Collado, Thomas von Zglinicki, Andrea B. Maier, João F. Passos, Institut Pasteur [Paris], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Institute of Cancer Sciences [Glasgow, UK] (CR-UK Beatson Institute), University of Glasgow, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine [Padova, Italy] (VIMM), University of London [London], Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse / Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College London, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases [Osaka, Japan] (RIMD), Osaka University [Osaka], Department of Molecular Cell Biology [Rehovot], Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging [Rochester, MN, USA], Mayo Clinic, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Melbourne, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Kepler University Hospital, Brown University, Newcastle University [Newcastle], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institute for Research in Biomedicine [Barcelona, Spain] (IRB), University of Barcelona-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), University of Groningen [Groningen], European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing [Groningen] (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), M.D. is funded by the Dutch Cancer Foundation, Netherlands (grant ID 10989). V.G., K.E., and K.V. were financially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grants agreement no. 722729 (SYNTRAIN), the Welfare Foundation for Social & Cultural Sciences (KIKPE), Greece, the KIKPE Foundation, Athens, Greece, Pentagon Biotechnology, UK, DeepMed IO, UK, grant no. 775 from the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (HFRI), and NKUA-SARG grants 70/3/9816, 70/3/12128, and 70/3/15603. M.S.: is funded by the IRB and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (SAF2013-48256-R), the European Research Council (ERC-2014-AdG/669622), and 'laCaixa' Foundation., We would like to thank Nikolaos Kastrinakis, Panagiotis V.S. Vasileiou, Gkikas Magiorkinis, Eleni Fitsiou, and Michela Borghesan for their valuable support to this work. We apologize in advance that, for reason of space, we have omitted the citations of relevant papers and reviews., National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse - Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC), Centre de recherche du Chum [Montréal] (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal [Montréal], Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin], Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, University of Florida [Gainesville], University of Barcelona, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Narita, Masashi [0000-0001-7764-577X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Mark S. Goldberg, France Labrèche, Scott Weichenthal, Eric Lavigne, Marie-France Valois, Marianne Hatzopoulou, Keith Van Ryswyk, Maryam Shekarrizfard, Paul J. Villeneuve, Daniel Crouse, Marie-Élise Parent, Research Institute of the McGill University Hospital Centre, Department of Medecine [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health [Montréal], Health Canada, Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Department of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Department of Health Sciences, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Department of Sociology, and New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data, and Training, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), and The data collection for the breast cancer study was funded by the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation and analyses for this paper were funded by Health Canada. Dr. Weichenthal also received support from a GRePEC salary award funded by the Cancer Research Society, the Quebec Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation, and les Fonds de Recherche du Québec- Santé (FRQS). Marie-Élise Parent held a career award from the FRQS

Fleurence, Julien, Fougeray, Sophie, Bahri, Meriem, Cochonneau, Denis, Clémenceau, Béatrice, Paris, François, Heczey, Andras, Birklé, Stéphane, Endothelium Radiobiology and Targeting (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 14), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Apoptosis and Tumor Progression (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 9), Immunobiology of Human αβ and γδ T Cells and Immunotherapeutic Applications (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 1), Texas Children’s Cancer Center [Houston, TX, USA], Baylor College of Medecine, The authors thank La Ligue Contre le Cancer for supporting Julien Fleurence’s and Meriem Bahri’s Ph. D. scholarship. This paper was written as a part of research project which received funding from the association Hubert Gouin—Enfance et Cancer., Bernardo, Elizabeth, and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)

Dominique Heymann, Bénédicte Brounais-Le Royer, Franck Verrecchia, Marta Tellez-Gabriel, Hannah K. Brown, Céline Charrier, Mathilde Mullard, Heymann, Dominique, European Training Network on Cancer-Induced Bone Diseases - BONE-NET - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2011-02-01 - 2015-01-31 - 264817 - VALID, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratotio Hematologia Oncologica y de Transplantes [Barcelona, Spain], Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques (IBB) Sant Pau [Barcelona, Spain]-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Department of Oncology and Metabolism [Sheffield, UK], The University of Sheffield [Sheffield, U.K.], European Associated Laboratory [Sheffield, UK] (Sarcoma Research Unit), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), This paper was written as a part of a research project which received funding from the Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n◦264817–BONE-NET. This work was also supported by the Bone Cancer Research Trust (UK, research project number 144681)., European Project: 264817,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN,BONE-NET(2011), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)

Francois Lamoureux, Marta Tellez-Gabriel, Benjamin Ory, Dominique Heymann, Marie-Françoise Heymann, Laboratorio Hematologia Oncologica y de Transplantes [Barcelona, Spain], Institut Investigacions Biomèdiques (IBB) Sant Pau [Barcelona, Spain]-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Oncology and Metabolism [Sheffield, UK], The University of Sheffield [Sheffield, U.K.], European Associated Laboratory [Sheffield, UK] (Sarcoma Research Unit), This paper was written as a part of a research project which received funding from the Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement n 264817—BONE-NET. This work was supported by the Bone Cancer Research Trust (UK, research project number 144681)., European Project: 264817,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN,BONE-NET(2011), Heymann, Dominique, and European Training Network on Cancer-Induced Bone Diseases - BONE-NET - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2011-02-01 - 2015-01-31 - 264817 - VALID

Antoine Chalopin, Benjamin Ory, Lidia Rodriguez Calleja, Marta Tellez Gabriel, Dominique Heymann, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Department of Oncology and Metabolism [Sheffield, UK], The University of Sheffield [Sheffield, U.K.], This paper was written as a part of research project which received funding from the Seventh Framework Program [(FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 264817—BONE-NET and this work was supported by the Fondation de France (Engt no. 16390)]., European Project: 264817,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN,BONE-NET(2011), Heymann, Dominique, and European Training Network on Cancer-Induced Bone Diseases - BONE-NET - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2011-02-01 - 2015-01-31 - 264817 - VALID

Julien Jouganous, Jean Palussière, Thierry Colin, François Cornelis, Olivier Saut, Modélisation Mathématique pour l'Oncologie (MONC), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER-UNICANCER-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER, This study has been carried out within the frame of the LABEX TRAIL, ANR-10-LABX-0057 with financial support from the French State, managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the 'Investments for the future' Programme IdEx (ANR-10-IDEX-03-02).Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the PLAFRIM experimental testbed, being developed under the Inria PlaFRIM development action with support from LABRI and IMB and other entities: Conseil R ́egional d’Aquitaine, FeDER, Universit ́e de Bordeaux and CNRS (see https://plafrim.bordeaux.inria.fr/)., Inria Bordeaux, ANR-10-IDEX-0003,IDEX BORDEAUX,Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux(2010), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse, Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci, Philippe Pérot, Valérie Cheynet, Alain Ruffion, François Mallet, Guy Oriol, Nathalie Mugnier, BIOMERIEUX, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, This work was supported by bioMérieux SA, the Hospices Civils de Lyon and the French public agency OSEO (Advanced Diagnostics for New Therapeutic Approaches, a French government-funded program dedicated to personalized medicine). PP, VC, GO, NM, and FM are employees of bioMérieux SA. PP, NM and FM have submitted patent applications covering the findings of this paper, and We thank Cecile Montgiraud, Juliette Gimenez, Magali Jaillard and Bertrand Bonnaud for their contribution to the initial development and optimization of the HERV-V2 protocol. We also wish to thank Hader Haidous for his guidance on ethical considerations.

Bernard Royer, Alain Bernard, Bruno Chauffert, Pablo Ortega-Deballon, Olivier Facy, Guy Magnin, Pierre-Benoit Pagès, Sylvain Ladoire, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Cancérologique, Générale, Endocrinienne et Urgences (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Service de chirurgie cardio-vasculaire, Service d'anesthésie réanimation, Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc ( CRLCC - CGFL ), Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie [Besancon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Jean Minjoz-Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC ( HOTE GREFFON ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] ( EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté] ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), This paper was supported by research grants from the French National League against Cancer, from the Regional Council of Burgundy and from the University Hospital of Dijon (France)., Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie [CHRU Besancon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), BMC, Ed., Service de chirurgie cardio-vasculaire et thoracique (CHU Dijon), and Service d'anesthésie - réanimation chirurgicale [CHU de Dijon]

Lynne D. Richardson, Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Vrijheid, Alistair Woodward, Graham G. Giles, Rodrigo Villegas, Jordi Figuerola, Marie-Élise Parent, Daniel Krewski, Bruce K. Armstrong, Martine Hours, Julianne Brown, Avital Jarus-Hakak, L. Montestruq, Louise Nadon, Angela Chetrit, Chen Hoffmann, Siegal Sadetzki, Mary L. McBride, Joseph D. Bowman, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, University of Melbourne-School of Population Health, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency (BCCRC), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center-Gertner Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], School of Population Health, University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Population health, Hospital Research Centre-University of Montreal, Funding for the Interphone Study was provided by the European Fifth Framework Program, 'Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources' (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563), the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers' Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the Interphone Study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed Interphone's complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at http://www.iarc.fr/en/research-groups/RAD/RCAd.html Specific additional funds were provided for the development and analysis of the radio frequency exposure gradient and by the Fondation Santé et Radiofréquences, France and the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Germany. The Australian centre was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (EME grant 219129), and BKA was supported by the University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant and Julianne Brown by an Australian Postgraduate Award. The Cancer Council NSW and the Cancer Council Victoria provided most of the infrastructure for the project in Australia. The Canada-Montréal data collection was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (project MOP-42525). Additionally, Dr Siemiatycki's research team was partly funded by the Canada Research Chair programme and by the Guzzo-CRS Chair in Environment and Cancer. Dr. Parent had salary support from the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec. The other Canadian centres were supported by a universityeindustry partnership grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the latter including partial support from the Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association. The CIHR universityeindustry partnerships program also includes provisions that ensure complete scientific independence of the investigators. DK is the NSERC/SSHRC/McLaughlin Chair in Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa. Additional funding for the study in France was provided by l'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) (contract 5142) and three network operators (Orange, SFR, Bouygues Télécom). The funds provided by the operators represented 5% of the total cost of the French study and were governed by contracts guaranteeing the complete scientific independence of the investigators. In New Zealand, funding was provided by the Health Research Council, Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation and the Cancer Society of New Zealand. The findings and conclusions in this paper have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.

Young-Jun Jeon, Flavia Pichiorri, Angelo Veronese, Pascal Pineau, Anne Dejean, Tae Jin Lee, Hansjuerg Alder, Agnès Marchio, Stefano Volinia, Taewan Kim, Jeff Palatini, Chang Gong Liu, Sung Suk Suh, Carlo M. Croce, Comprehensive Cancer Center [Colombus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program [Columbus] (MCDB), Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was funded by National Cancer Institute grant RC2 CA148302., We thank Dr. B. Vogelstein for p53+/+ and p53−/− RKO cells, Dr. Gustavo Leone for p53+/+ and p53−/− MEFs, Dr. Gregory J. Goodall for pCIneo-hRL-ZEB1/2 constructs, and Dr. Anders H. Lund for pcDNA3-Zeb2-HA constructs. We also thank Dr. Kay Huebner (The Ohio State University), Dr. Thomas D. Schmittgen (The Ohio State University), and Susan Lutz for careful editing of this paper, and Sharon Palko and Dorothee Wernicke-Jameson for the administrative support., Pineau, Pascal, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Patrick Rat, Hervé Tixier, François Radais, Delphine Delroeux, François Ghiringhelli, Sylvain Ladoire, Olivier Facy, Pablo Ortega-Deballon, Bruno Chauffert, Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon (ENSBANA), Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Cancérologique, Générale, Endocrinienne et Urgences (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Chirurgie Digestive [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), This paper was supported by grants from the French National League against Cancer (Committees of Saône et Loire, Nièvre, and Côte d'Or)., BMC, Ed., Service de chirurgie digestive et cancérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer (U866) ( LNC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation de Dijon ( ENSBANA ), Service de chirurgie digestive [Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Service d'oncologie médicale, and CHU Amiens-Picardie

Allouche, Michèle, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and see acknowledgements in the paper

Allouche, Michèle, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), see acknowledgements in the paper, and Allouche, Michèle