10 results on '"Cooper, Philip"'
Search Results
2. Dissociation between skin test reactivity and anti-aeroallergen IgE: Determinants among urban Brazilian children.
- Author
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Alcantara-Neves NM, Veiga RV, Ponte JC, da Cunha SS, Simões SM, Cruz ÁA, Yazdanbakhsh M, Matos SM, Silva TM, Figueiredo CA, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, Rodrigues LC, Fiaccone RL, Cooper PJ, and Barreto ML
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- Animals, Ascaris lumbricoides immunology, Brazil, Cats, Child, Child, Preschool, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Feces microbiology, Feces parasitology, Feces virology, Humans, Hypersensitivity blood, Hypersensitivity diagnosis, Immunoglobulin E blood, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains genetics, Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains immunology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide immunology, Receptors, IgE genetics, Receptors, IgE immunology, Rodentia, Simplexvirus immunology, Trichuris immunology, Urban Health statistics & numerical data, Allergens immunology, Hypersensitivity immunology, Immunoglobulin E immunology, Skin Tests methods
- Abstract
Background: The dissociation between specific IgE and skin prick test reactivity to aeroallergens, a common finding in populations living in low and middle-income countries, has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. Few studies have investigated the determinants of this dissociation. In the present study, we explored potential factors explaining this dissociation in children living in an urban area of Northeast Brazil, focusing in particular on factors associated with poor hygiene., Methods: Of 1445 children from low income communities, investigated for risk factors of allergies, we studied 481 with specific IgE antibodies to any of Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Periplaneta americana and Blatella germanica allergens. Data on demographic, environmental and social exposures were collected by questionnaire; serum IgG and stool examinations were done to detect current or past infections with viral, bacterial, protozoan and intestinal helminth pathogens. We measured atopy by skin prick testing (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) to aerollergens in serum (by ImmunoCAP). SIgE reactivity to B. tropicalis extract depleted of carbohydrates was measured by an in-house ELISA. Total IgE was measured by in house capture ELISA. SNPs were typed using Illumina Omni 2.5., Results: Negative skin prick tests in the presence of specific IgE antibodies were frequent. Factors independently associated with a reduced frequency of positive skin prick tests were large number of siblings, the presence of IgG to herpes simplex virus, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections, living in neighborhoods with infrequent garbage collection, presence of rodents and cats in the household and sIgE reactivity to glycosylated B. tropicalis allergens. Also, SNP on IGHE (rs61737468) was negatively associated with SPT reactivity., Conclusions: A variety of factors were found to be associated with decreased frequency of SPT such as unhygienic living conditions, infections, total IgE, IgE response to glycosylated allergens and genetic polymorphisms, indicating that multiple mechanisms may be involved. Our data, showing that exposures to an unhygienic environment and childhood infections modulate immediate allergen skin test reactivity, provide support for the "hygiene hypothesis".
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- 2017
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3. Repeated treatments with albendazole enhance Th2 responses to Ascaris Lumbricoides, but not to aeroallergens, in children from rural communities in the Tropics.
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Cooper PJ, Moncayo AL, Guadalupe I, Benitez S, Vaca M, Chico M, and Griffin GE
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- Animals, Ascariasis drug therapy, Ascariasis epidemiology, Ascariasis parasitology, Ascaris lumbricoides immunology, Child, Cockroaches immunology, Cytokines biosynthesis, Cytokines immunology, Dust immunology, Ecuador epidemiology, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate epidemiology, Hypersensitivity, Immediate etiology, Hypersensitivity, Immediate immunology, Male, Mites immunology, Skin Tests, Treatment Outcome, Tropical Climate, Albendazole administration & dosage, Albendazole therapeutic use, Allergens immunology, Anthelmintics administration & dosage, Anthelmintics therapeutic use, Ascariasis immunology, Ascaris lumbricoides drug effects, Rural Population, Th2 Cells immunology
- Abstract
Geohelminth infections are associated with modulation of immunity to parasite antigens and aeroallergens. To investigate the possibility that this modulation is affected by anthelmintic treatment, we compared cytokine responses in children who were treated with repeated doses of albendazole over 1 year versus those in children who had were not treated. Whole-blood samples were cultured with Ascaris antigen and house dust mite and cockroach allergens, and levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, interferon-gamma, and IL-10 were measured. Anthelmintic treatment was associated with enhanced production of Th2 cytokines in response to parasite antigen but did not affect responses to aeroallergens. The data indicate that long-term treatment may be associated with increased Th2 antiparasite immunity.
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- 2008
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4. Hygiene, atopy and wheeze–eczema–rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren from urban and rural Ecuador
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Cooper, Philip J, Vaca, Maritza, Rodriguez, Alejandro, Chico, Martha E, Santos, Darci N, Rodrigues, Laura C, and Barreto, Mauricio L
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Hypersensitivity, Immediate ,Male ,Rural Population ,Wheeze-Rhinitis-Eczema ,Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Urban-Rural ,Eczema ,Respiratory Epidemiology ,Feces ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,Students ,Respiratory Sounds ,Rhinitis ,Skin Tests ,Schools ,Atopy ,Farming ,Hygiene ,Allergens ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Housing ,Female ,Ecuador - Abstract
Background Rural residence is protective against atopy and wheeze–rhinitis–eczema symptoms in developed countries, an effect attributed to farming and poor hygiene exposures. There are few data from developing countries addressing this question. We compared atopy and wheeze–rhinitis–eczema symptoms between urban and rural Ecuador, and explored the effects of farming and poor hygiene exposures. Methods We performed cross sectional studies of schoolchildren living in rural and urban Ecuador. Data on symptoms and farming/hygiene exposures were collected by parental questionnaire, atopy by allergen skin prick test reactivity and geohelminth infections by stool examinations. Results Among 2526 urban and 4295 rural schoolchildren, prevalence was: atopy (10.0% vs 12.5%, p=0.06), wheeze (9.4% vs 10.1%, p=0.05), rhinitis (8.1% vs 6.4%, p=0.02) and eczema (5.9% vs 4.7%, p=0.06). A small proportion of symptoms were attributable to atopy (range 3.9–10.7%) with greater attributable fractions for respiratory symptoms observed in urban schoolchildren. Respiratory symptoms were associated with poor hygiene/farming exposures: wheeze with lack of access to potable water; and rhinitis with household pets, no bathroom facilities and contact with large farm animals. Birth order was inversely associated with respiratory symptoms. Area of residence and atopy had few effects on these associations. Conclusions Urban schoolchildren living in Ecuador have a similar prevalence of atopy, eczema and wheeze but a higher prevalence of rhinitis compared with rural children. Some farming and poor hygiene exposures were associated with an increase in the prevalence of wheeze or rhinitis while birth order was inversely associated with these symptoms.
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- 2013
5. Risk factors for acute asthma in tropical America: a case-control study in the City of Esmeraldas, Ecuador
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Ardura‐Garcia, Cristina, Vaca, Maritza, Oviedo, Gisela, Sandoval, Carlos, Workman, Lisa, Schuyler, Alexander J., Perzanowski, Matthew S., Platts‐Mills, Thomas A.E., and Cooper, Philip J.
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Male ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,atopy ,acute asthma ,Immunologic Tests ,tropics ,Age Distribution ,Risk Factors ,Odds Ratio ,Animals ,Humans ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,Child ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Inhalation Exposure ,Mites ,wa_30 ,Hospitals, Public ,Urban Health ,Original Articles ,Allergens ,Immunoglobulin E ,Prognosis ,Asthma ,wf_20 ,Logistic Models ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Multivariate Analysis ,Disease Progression ,wf_140 ,Insect Proteins ,Original Article ,Female ,Ecuador ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,urban ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background\ud \ud Despite the high asthma rates described in Latin America, asthma risk factors in poor urban settings are not well established. We investigated risk factors for acute asthma among Ecuadorian children.\ud \ud Methods\ud \ud A matched case-control study was done in a public hospital serving a coastal city. Children with acute asthma were age- and sex-matched to non-asthmatics. A questionnaire was administered and blood, as well as stool, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected.\ud \ud Results\ud \ud 60 cases and 119 controls aged 5-15 years were evaluated. High proportions of cases were atopic with population attributable fractions for atopy of 68.5% for sIgE and 57.2% for SPT. Acute asthma risk increased with greater titers of mite IgE (3.51-50 kU/L vs. 50kU/L vs.
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- 2015
6. Effects of maternal geohelminth infections on allergy in early childhood
- Author
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Cooper, Philip J., Chico, Martha E., Amorim, Leila D., Sandoval, Carlos, Vaca, Maritza, Strina, Agostino, Campos, Ana Clara, Rodrigues, Laura C., Barreto, Mauricio L., and Strachan, David P.
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Male ,Immunology ,atopy ,Eczema ,Helminthiasis ,epg, Eggs per gram ,immune system diseases ,Immune Deficiencies, Infection, and Systemic Immune Disorders ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,parasitic diseases ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Hypersensitivity ,Odds Ratio ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Humans ,HDM, House dust mite ,Geohelminths ,Respiratory Sounds ,Pyroglyphidae ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,SPT, Skin prick test ,early childhood ,Allergens ,Patient Outcome Assessment ,maternal infections ,Maternal Exposure ,wheeze ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,OR, Odds ratio ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maternal geohelminth infections during pregnancy may protect against allergy development in childhood. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the effect of maternal geohelminths on the development of eczema, wheeze, and atopy during the first 3 years of life. METHODS: A cohort of 2404 neonates was followed to 3 years of age in a rural district in coastal Ecuador. Data on wheeze and eczema were collected by means of questionnaire and physical examination at 13, 24, and 36 months of age. Atopy was measured based on skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to 9 allergens at 36 months. Maternal stool samples were examined for geohelminths by microscopy. Data on potential confounders was collected after birth by questionnaire. RESULTS: Geohelminths were observed in 45.9% of mothers. Eczema and wheeze were reported for 17.7% and 25.9%, respectively, of 2069 (86.1%) children with complete follow-up to 3 years, and allergen SPT reactivity to any allergen was present in 17.2% and to house dust mite in 8.7%. Maternal geohelminth infections were not significantly associated with eczema (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% CI, 0.98-1.61), wheeze (adjusted OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.82-1.27), and SPT reactivity to any allergen (adjusted OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61-1.01). In subgroup analyses maternal geohelminths were associated with a significantly reduced risk of SPT reactivity to mite and other perennial allergens, and maternal ascariasis was associated with an increased risk of eczema and reduced risk of SPT reactivity to all allergens. CONCLUSION: Our data do not support a protective effect of maternal infections with geohelminth parasites during pregnancy against the development of eczema and wheeze in early childhood, although there was evidence in subgroup analyses for a reduction in SPT reactivity to house dust mites and perennial allergens.
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- 2016
7. Repeated albendazole treatments enhance Th2 responses to Ascaris lumbricoides but not aeroallergens in children from rural communities in the Tropics
- Author
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Cooper, Philip J, Moncayo, Ana Lucia, Guadalupe, Irene, Benitez, Susana, Vaca, Maritza, Chico, Martha, and Griffin, George E
- Subjects
Anthelmintics ,Hypersensitivity, Immediate ,Male ,Rural Population ,Ascariasis ,Mites ,Tropical Climate ,Cockroaches ,Dust ,Allergens ,Albendazole ,Article ,Th2 Cells ,Treatment Outcome ,Animals ,Cytokines ,Humans ,Female ,Ecuador ,Ascaris lumbricoides ,Child ,Skin Tests - Abstract
Geohelminth infections are associated with modulation of immunity to parasite antigens and aeroallergens. To investigate the possibility that this modulation is affected by anthelmintic treatment, we compared cytokine responses in children who were treated with repeated doses of albendazole over 1 year versus those in children who had were not treated. Whole-blood samples were cultured with Ascaris antigen and house dust mite and cockroach allergens, and levels of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, interferon-gamma, and IL-10 were measured. Anthelmintic treatment was associated with enhanced production of Th2 cytokines in response to parasite antigen but did not affect responses to aeroallergens. The data indicate that long-term treatment may be associated with increased Th2 antiparasite immunity.
- Published
- 2008
8. Ascaris lumbricoides--Induced Interleukin-10 Is Not Associated with Atopy in Schoolchildren in a Rural Area of the Tropics.
- Author
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Cooper, Philip J., Mitre, Edward, Moncayo, Ana Lucia, Chico, Martha E., Vaca, Maritza G., and Nutman, Thomas B.
- Subjects
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ASCARIS lumbricoides , *INTERLEUKIN-10 , *HELMINTHIASIS , *ALLERGENS , *LEUCOCYTES , *CELL proliferation , *T cells , *ATOPY - Abstract
Background. In areas where intestinal helminth infections are endemic, infections by these parasites may protect against skin test-measured reactivity to allergens, and it has been suggested that interleukin (IL)-10 may mediate this effect. This study investigated whether IL-10 and populations of IL-10+ T cells may modulate atopy in children living in an area where intestinal helminth infections are endemic. Methods. Ecuadorian schoolchildren from rural communities were assessed for skin test-measured reactivity to Periplaneta americana allergen and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen. Blood samples were collected from 39 skin test-positive and 41 skin test-negative children, and peripheral-blood leukocytes were cultured in the presence of Ascaris lumbricoides antigen, to measure IL-10 protein and the frequency of T cell populations expressing intracellular IL-10. We also investigated whether these immunological factors affected the association between allergen-specific IgE and skin test-measured reactivity to aeroallergens. Results. There was no evidence of association between the level of A. lumbricoides-induced IL-10 protein or IL-10+ T cells and skin test-measured reactivity to allergens. The association between allergen-specific IgE and skin test-measured reactivity was not affected by the level of IL-10 protein or the frequency of IL-10+ T cells. Conclusions. The results of this study do not support the notion that IL-10 plays a role in modulating atopy in children living in a tropical area where intestinal helminth infections are endemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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9. Soil‐transmitted helminth parasites and allergy: Observations from Ecuador.
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Chico, Martha E., Vaca, Maritza G., Rodriguez, Alejandro, and Cooper, Philip J.
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HELMINTHS ,ALLERGIES ,CROSS-sectional method ,PARASITES ,SKIN tests ,ALLERGENS - Abstract
Summary: There is considerable interest as to potential protective effects of soil‐transmitted helminths (STH) against allergy and allergic diseases. Here, we discuss findings of studies done of the effects of STH parasites on atopy and allergic diseases in Ecuador. While cross‐sectional studies have consistently shown a reduced prevalence of allergen skin prick test (SPT) reactivity among infected schoolchildren, the removal of these infections by repeated deworming did not affect SPT prevalence over the short‐term (ie, 12 months) but may have increased SPT prevalence over the long‐term (ie, 15‐17 years). In the case of allergic symptoms, cross‐sectional studies have generally not shown associations with STH and intervention studies showed no impact on prevalence. However, a birth cohort suggested that early STH infections might reduce wheeze by 5 years. Allergic sensitization to Ascaris, however, explained a significant proportion of wheezing among rural schoolchildren. Studies of the effects of STH on immune and inflammatory responses indicated a potential role of STH in contributing to more robust regulation. The effects of STH on allergy are likely to be determined by history of exposure over the life‐course and by interactions with a wide variety of other infectious and non‐infectious factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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10. The effect of single and multiple infections on atopy and wheezing in children.
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Alcantara-Neves, Neuza Maria, Veiga, Rafael Valente, Dattoli, Vitor Camilo Cavalcante, Fiaccone, Rosimeire Leovigildo, Esquivel, Renata, Cruz, Álvaro Augusto, Cooper, Philip John, Rodrigues, Laura Cunha, and Barreto, Maurício Lima
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IMMUNOGLOBULIN E ,ALLERGENS ,WHEEZE ,ATOPY ,SKIN tests ,ASTHMA in children ,CITY children - Abstract
Background: The current epidemic of asthma and atopy has been explained by alterations in immune responses related to reduction in childhood infections. However, the findings of epidemiologic studies investigating the association between infection with atopy and asthma have been inconsistent. Objective: We sought to investigate the effect of single or multiple infections (pathogen burden) on atopy and wheeze in urban children from Latin America. Methods: Specific IgE against aeroallergens (sIgE) and skin prick test (SPT) reactivity for the most common local allergens were measured in 1128 children aged 4 to 11 years. Data on wheezing and potential confounders were collected by questionnaire. Infections by 8 pathogens were assessed by using serology and stool examination. Associations of wheeze and atopic outcomes with single and multiple infections were analyzed by means of logistic regression. Results: Negative results for Toxoplasma gondii were associated with a higher prevalence of sIgE (≥0.70 kU/L), whereas negative results for Ascaris lumbricoides, T gondii, herpes simplex virus, and EBV were associated with a higher prevalence of SPT reactivity. Children with 3 or fewer infection markers had a higher prevalence of sIgE and SPT reactivity compared with those with 4 or more infection markers. However, isolated infections or pathogen burden were not associated with the prevalence of atopic or nonatopic wheeze. Conclusion: The findings provide support for the idea that the hygiene hypothesis is operating in an urban Latin American context, but its expression is thus far restricted to the atopic status of patients and not the perceived asthma symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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