1. Cold-induced ginsenosides accumulation is associated with the alteration in DNA methylation and relative gene expression in perennial American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) along with its plant growth and development process
- Author
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Mengzhen Hao, Jinhui Zhou, Kangjiao Yan, Sheng Jiang, Yuhang Zhou, Wenshui Wang, San Zhou, Xiaoping Peng, and Min Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Perennial plant ,Ginsenosides ,Biology ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Botany ,Gene expression ,Botany ,Gene ,American ginseng ,Demethylation ,DNA methylation ,Cold temperature ,food and beverages ,Methylation ,Plant ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,030104 developmental biology ,DNA demethylation ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Ginsenosides accumulation responses to temperature are critical to quality formation in cold-dependent American ginseng. However, the studies on cold requirement mechanism relevant to ginsenosides have been limited in this species. Methods Two experiments were carried out: one was a multivariate linear regression analysis between the ginsenosides accumulation and the environmental conditions of American ginseng from different sites of China and the other was a synchronous determination of ginsenosides accumulation, overall DNA methylation, and relative gene expression in different tissues during different developmental stages of American ginseng after experiencing different cold exposure duration treatments. Results Results showed that the variation of the contents as well as the yields of total and individual ginsenosides Rg1, Re, and Rb1 in the roots were closely associated with environmental temperature conditions which implied that the cold environment plays a decisive role in the ginsenoside accumulation of American ginseng. Further results showed that there is a cyclically reversible dynamism between methylation and demethylation of DNA in the perennial American ginseng in response to temperature seasonality. And sufficient cold exposure duration in winter caused sufficient DNA demethylation in tender leaves in early spring and then accompanied the high expression of flowering gene PqFT in flowering stages and ginsenosides biosynthesis gene PqDDS in green berry stages successively, and finally, maximum ginsenosides accumulation occurred in the roots of American ginseng. Conclusion We, therefore, hypothesized that cold-induced DNA methylation changes might regulate relative gene expression involving both plant development and plant secondary metabolites in such cold-dependent perennial plant species.
- Published
- 2019