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Currently, the direction of integrated photoelectronics is actively developing, dedicated to the creation of UV photodetectors. In this regard, photosensitive acoustoelectronic amplifiers to incident UV radiation can compete with classical photodetectors, such as photodiodes. The relevance of studying the interaction of UV radiation with charge carriers in structures with surfactants is due to the possibility of creating on its base thermostable sensors and radiometers of the UV range.

Nowadays, diesel and turbo-generator sets operated with a constant speed are most widely used as marine power sources. Advantages of standard generator sets include a relatively high efficiency. When generator set is operated as a part of the unified electric power grids with an electric propulsion system and load varying within a wide range, efficiency and reliability of a standard generator set are greatly reduced. A solution for this problem is the use of an alternator consisting of a generator set and semiconductor converters. This alternator is operated with a variable speed optimal for fuel consumption, while a semiconductor converter maintains constant parameters in the power supply network. Modern electric propulsion systems apply frequency converters with a DC link for propulsion motor speed control and power distribution within the unified power grid. The paper describes the design and operation principles of the alternators as well as provides block diagrams of the ship unified power grids with DC power distribution.

In recent years, semiconductor converters are widely applied in marine electric power systems. Semiconductor converters are used in ship electric propulsion systems consisting of shaft generator units, a variable frequency drive, and alternators. The use of semiconductor converters results in decrease of power quality in ship networks, in particular, in an increased ratio of non-sinusoidal voltage waveforms (harmonic distortion). Rules of the Russian Maritime Register govern the maximum allowable distortion in the power network for a correct functioning of ship equipment. Improvement of power quality is achieved with a variety of methods including application of filter-compensating devices, three-winding transformers, and electromachine converters. The paper analyzes a single marine power system and circuit solutions for reducing the ratio of harmonics in ship networks.

A differential titration microcalorimeter for studying intermolecular interactions in solutions has been designed. To increase the speed of the instrument, the dynamic correction method has been used. It has been shown that electrical calibration of the microcalorimeter is consistent with its chemical calibration. The use of the instrument for measuring the integral heats of dilution of 1-propanol has been demonstrated.

High-frequency heating of the ionosphere is effective for generating extremely low frequencies (ELF, 3–3000 Hz) through modulation of the auroral electrojet current. While the amplitudes of the resulting ELF waves depend on the auroral electrojet current strength, the polarization of their horizontal magnetic field remains relatively stable. In this work, we determined that at the distance of several wavelengths from an ionospheric ELF source created by two HF heating waves separated by an ELF frequency, polarization parameters are influenced by the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Previous experiments in the vicinity of the ionospheric ELF source have determined that the right-hand polarization of the magnetic field measured at the ground typically prevails, whereas in this paper we demonstrate that at the distance of 660 km to the east of the European Incoherent Scatter, a circular left-hand polarization dominates. We interpret this effect as a result of “trapping” of the left-hand mode between the upper and lower boundaries of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide, while the right-hand or whistler mode leaks into the ionosphere.

In this paper experimental results of research of boron ion implantation into Hg1−x Cd x Te epitaxial films of various compositions x are presented. Samples of epitaxial films were grown by the method of molecular beam epitaxy and irradiated by boron ions with the energy of 100 keV at room temperature in the range of irradiation doses 1012–1015 ions cm−2. As a result of the experimental investigations an evidence of influence of epitaxial film composition on the dynamics of accumulation and spatial distribution of electrically active radiation defects is obtained.

We report the investigation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective activity of water-soluble [60]fullerene derivatives (WS[60]FDs). It has been shown that WS[60]FDs influence the therapeutically important targets of the Alzheimer disease by inhibiting the catalytic activity of the monoaminooxidase B in vitro, decreasing the level of free radical species and behaving as positive modulators of AMPA receptors of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum of rats. The cognitive stimulatory effects of WS[60]FDs were revealed in vivo through behavioural experiments in mice.

Sequence of wear calculation for basic parts of production machinery and their permissible values is presented. The models allowing to determine the specific value of permissible parameters tolerances are given.

Mathematical models and target functions of precision parameters optimization are presented. Criteria of optimization are examined and on their base options of decision making are considered.

The chapter is devoted to the results of the study structural and photovoltaic properties of the photo resistor that is based on the structure of ferroelectric–semiconductor (dielectric–semiconductor) DP-photo resistor with field effect. Main advantage of photo resistors on the field effect before the bulky photoconductivity photo resistors is the ability to improve the shape of the spectral sensitivity, such as the rise of short-wave part of the spectrum (UV-region) and the extension in the infrared region (IR-region) of the spectral sensitivity. The use of thin-film ferroelectric allows one to dramatically expand the spectral range in the IR region and create a photodetector for hyperspectral range, which work without external cooling.

The article is analytical. It considers the construction principles of the automation system structure which realize the concept of «unmanned mine». All of these principles intend to deal with problems caused by a continuous complication of mining-and-geological conditions at coalmine such as the labor safety and health protection, the weak integration of different mining automation subsystems and the deficiency of optimal balance between a quantity of resource and energy consumed by mining machines and their throughput. The authors describe the main problems and neck stage of mining machines autonomation and automation subsystem. The article makes a general survey of the applied «unmanned technology» in the field of mining such as the remotely operated autonomous complexes, the underground positioning systems of mining machines using infrared radiation in mine workings etc. The concept of «unmanned mine» is considered with an example of the robotic road heading machine. In the final, the authors analyze the techniques and methods that could solve the task of underground mining without human labor.

The degenerative effects of multiple sclerosis at the level of the vascular and neuronal networks in the central nervous system are currently the object of intensive investigation. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis, but the neuropathology of specific lesions in EAE and the effects of MSC treatment are under debate. Because conventional imaging techniques entail protocols that alter the tissues, limiting the reliability of the results, we have used non-invasive X-ray phase-contrast tomography to obtain an unprecedented direct 3D characterization of EAE lesions at micro-to-nano scales, with simultaneous imaging of the vascular and neuronal networks. We reveal EAE-mediated alterations down to the capillary network. Our findings shed light on how the disease and MSC treatment affect the tissues, and promote X-ray phase-contrast tomography as a powerful tool for studying neurovascular diseases and monitoring advanced therapies.

At present time there are many enterprises that prefer to integrate out-of-the-box systems (with integration application) instead of developing new enterprise system special for them. Integration applications provide functionality to synchronize data between databases of out-of-the-box systems. However, there are problems during integration and we propose a method for these problems automatically solving. For example, one of the problem is to determine same concepts and attributes in the integrated databases. In this article, we present a method based on the semantic web approaches: OWL and its mathematical base — Description Logics. We present mathematical model of the database as set of the OWL concepts, roles and axioms, which determines rules for database integration consistency. Each concrete database has its own mathematical representation and transformation rules are presented following in the article. Set of such rules is presented as set of functions from database elements to ontology elements.

In this paper the local distribution of the material composition in the V-defect region of HgCdTe epitaxial films is investigated. The local composition distribution is studied by the Kelvin Force Probe Microscopy method and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. It is demonstrated that in the V-defect region of a Hg 1−x Cd x Te epitaxial film inhomogeneous distribution of the material component composition is observed. Analysis of the obtained experimental data shows that V-defects are distinguished by an increased mercury content.

In the present work we discuss the features of the DNA replication kinetics at the case of multiplicity of simultaneously elongated DNA fragments. The interaction between replicated DNA fragments is carried out by free protons that appears at the every nucleotide attachment at the free end of elongated DNA fragment. So there is feedback between free protons concentration and DNA-polymerase activity that appears as elongation rate dependence. We develop the numerical model based on a cellular automaton, which can simulate the elongation stage (growth of DNA strands) for DNA elongation process with conditions pointed above and we study the possibility of the DNA polymerases movement synchronization. The results obtained numerically can be useful for DNA polymerase movement detection and visualization of the elongation process in the case of massive DNA replication, eg, under PCR condition or for DNA "sequencing by synthesis" sequencing devices evaluation.

Conditions and possible mechanism of formation of magnetite from hematite are defined by means of mechano-chemical influence, where the product of regeneration forming on JSC «BMZ» is used as initial raw materials.

A pneumatic separator equipped by closed small-sized pneumatic system was developed. It ensures cleaning of seed of cereal and grain-legume crops from hard-separable impurities of different aerodynamic features after the air-sieve and trieur machines.

We studied surface expression of trigger receptor, expressed by myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) on various subpopulations of monocytes before direct revascularization of myocardium with artificial blood flow and in early postoperative period. We registered that various expression of TREM-1 on the surface corresponds to subpopulations of monocytes, and the highest level is observed on CD14hiCD16+ monocytes. By the 1st day of postoperative period elevation of surface expression of TREM-1 occurs on all subpopulations of monocytes, testifying to enlargement of their proinflammatory potential.

The structural properties of a thin ZnO film synthesized by a reactive ion-plasma method have been studied. It is shown that a combination of reactive ion-plasma sputtering and pulsed electron beam deposition methods allows the formation of a thin-film ZnS–ZnO heterostructure with few structural defects. The results of a study of the optical and photoelectric properties of ZnS–ZnO in the wavelength range from 0.26 to 0.45 μm are presented. The spectral dependence of the frequency shift of surface acoustic waves under the influence of ultraviolet radiation on the surface of the ZnS–ZnO heterostructure of a photodetector, based on an acoustoelectronic amplifier, has been studied.

The pathomorphologic study is the key examination in the therapy planning of patients with metastatic bone tumors. Since 1994 till 2009 424 patients with this pathology were treated in RRITO n.a. R. Vreden. The authors give clinical example showing the influence of pathomorphologic study results on the sequence of stages of complex treatment of patients with malignant tumors.

The mechanisms by which nanostructural states are realized in e-beam-irradiated TiC-NiCrAl cermet depending on the irradiation mode have been revealed. Mechanical testing and tribotesting have yielded criteria for a substantial (a factor of 1.5-3) increase in performance characteristics of the cermet alloy (micro- and nanohardness, cutting resistance, coefficient of friction, and bending resistance).

Fluctuations of cosmic rays and interplanetary magnetic field upstream of interplanetary shocks are studied using data of ground-based polar neutron monitors as well as measurements of energetic particles and solar wind plasma parameters aboard the ACE spacecraft. It is shown that coherent cosmic ray fluctuations in the energy range from 10 keV to 1 GeV are often observed at the Earth’s orbit before the arrival of interplanetary shocks. This corresponds to an increase of solar wind turbulence level by more than the order of magnitude upstream of the shock. We suggest a scenario where the cosmic ray fluctuation spectrum is modulated by fast magnetosonic waves generated by flux of low-energy cosmic rays which are reflected and/or accelerated by an interplanetary shock.

In this work the experimental results of investigations of the dynamics of accumulation and spatial distribution of electrically active radiation defects when irradiating epitaxial films of Hg1-xCdxTe (MCT) with different material composition (x). The films, grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were irradiated by B ions at room temperature in the radiation dose range 1012 -1015 ions/cm2 and with ion energy 100 keV. The results give the differences in implantation profiles, damage accumulation and electrical properties as a function of the material composition of the films.

In this paper the influence of the volume discharge of nanosecond duration formed in a non-uniform electric field at atmospheric pressure on samples of epitaxial films HgCdTe (MCT) of p-type conductivity. It is suggested that after exposure on film surface oxide layer was formed. This layer has a built positive charge that leads to the formation of an inversion layer which "shunts" the rest of the sample so that the measured field dependence of Hall coefficient corresponds to the material of n-type of conductivity.

The thermal parameters of a SiGe microbolometer were calculated using numerical modeling. The calculated thermal conduction and thermal response time are in good agreement with the values found experimentally and range between 2x10$^-7$ and 7x10$^-8$ W/K and 1.5 and 4.5 ms, respectively. High sensitivity of microbolometer is achieved due to optimization of the thermal response time and thermal conduction by fitting the geometry of supporting heat-removing legs or by selection of a suitable material providing boundary thermal resistance higher than 8x10$^-3$ cm$^2$K/W at the SiGe interface., 11 pages, 6 figures

Hepatic surgical interventions are highly traumatic and time-consuming and during these operations the hemostatic system is exposed to compound actions that lead to impaired organ and tissue microcirculation, thromboses, and coagulopathic hemorrhages. Objective: to enhance the efficiency of instrumental diagnosis and correction of perioperative hemostatic disorders during major hepatic surgical interventions. Subjects and methods: 80 patients divided into 3 groups were examined. A control group comprised apparently healthy individuals (donors) the values of whose hemostatic parameters were taken as normal ones. A study group consisted of patients who received conventional preoperative intensive care. Thirty patients were given complex perioperative hemostatic correction. Results. During major hepatic surgical interventions, impairments of the basic links of the hemostatic system are characterized by the development of prethrombosis: the enhanced vascular thrombocytic and hypercoagulant state of enzymatic hemostatic links, and pronounced fibrinolytic suppression. Rapid hemoviscosimetric parameters correlate with classical biochemical parameters and have rather high sensitivity and specificity. The pathogenetically grounded use of a combination of low molecular-weight heparin and the antioxidant mexidole enhances the efficiency of correction of perioperative impairments of the basic hemostatic links during major hepatic operations.

Objective: to enhance the efficiency of diagnosis of and intensive therapy for bone cement implantation syndrome in the perioperative period of endoprosthesis of large joints of the lower extremity. Subjects and methods: A study group comprised 18 patients who received standard perioperative intensive therapy for the bone cement implantation syndrome. A control group included 22 patients in whom perioperative correction of hemostatic disorders was made, by including 6% solution into the infusion program of second-generation hydroxyethyl starches (200/0.5) and by postoperatively administering low molecular-weight heparins. To evaluate the state of the basic hemostatic links, the classical laboratory parameters were determined, as described by Z. S. Barkagan, et al. Concurrent with the determination of the classical parameters, an integral estimate was made by rapid blood viscosimetry. Results. Impairments of basic hemostatic links in the bone cement implantation syndrome are characterized by the development of prethrombosis. Rapid blood viscometric parameters, such as the rate of spontaneous platelet aggregation, the onset of clotting, the constants of thrombin, blood clotting, total blood clotting, a fibrin-platelet constant, and the cumulative rate of clot retraction and lysis, correlate with classical biochemical parameters. Conclusion. The pathogenetically warranted use of a combination of low molecular-weight heparin and second-generation hydrox-yethyl starch enhances the efficiency of correction of perioperative impairments of the basic hemostatic links in the cement endoprosthetic replacement of large joints of the lower extremity.

In the present report we studied the distribution of surface potential of the HgCdTe epitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy after the impact of picosecond electron beam and volume discharge in atmospheric-pressure air. The surface potential distribution was studied by the Kelvin Force Probe Microscopy. The experimental data obtained for the variation of the contact potential difference (ΔCPD) between the V-defect and the main matrix of the epitaxial film. The investigation of the origin epitaxial films show that variation of the spatial distribution of surface potential in the V-defect region can be related to the variation of the material composition. The experimental data obtained for the irradiated samples show that the mean value of ΔCPD for the original surface differs from the one for the irradiated surface for 55 eV. At the same time the mean value of ΔCPD changes its sign indicating that the original surface of the epitaxial HgCdTe film predominantly contains the grains with increased cadmium content while after the irradiation the grains possess an increased content of mercury. Therefore, during the irradiation process a decrease of the mercury content in the near-surface region of the semiconductor takes place resulting in the alteration of the electrophysical properties in the films near-surface region. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The purpose of this paper was investigating the effect of volume nanosecond discharge in air at atmospheric pressure on the electro-physical properties of the HgCdTe (MCT) epitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Hall measurements of electro-physical parameters of MCT samples after irradiation have shown that there is a layer of epitaxial films exhibiting n-type conductivity that is formed in the near-surface area. After more than 600 pulses of influence parameters and thickness of the resulting n-layer is such that the measured field dependence of Hall coefficient corresponds to the material of n-type conductivity. Also it is shown that the impact of the discharge leads to significant changes in electro-physical characteristics of MIS structures. This fact is demonstrated by increase in density of positive fixed charge, change in the hysteresis type of the capacitance-voltage characteristic, an increase in density of surface states. The preliminary results show that it is possible to use such actions in the development of technologies of the controlled change in the properties of MCT. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The paper analyzes the data available in the literature on the diagnostic value of biological markers of acute lung lesion (ALL) in critical conditions. The study of the diagnostic and prognostic values of biological markers of ALL is shown to be a promising line in the section of critical conditions. The biological markers of ALL will have the highest effectiveness in evaluating the development of ALL at the preclinical stage, in differentiating the exudative and proliferative stages of ALL/acute respiratory distress syndrome, and defining indications for respiratory support. The biological markers of ALL are capable to predict the development of ventilator-induced lung lesion. The analysis of gene expression and the study of an array of DNA nucleotide sequence in the cells are of the greatest diagnostic and prognostic value in determining the predisposition of cytokines and intercellular signal molecules to synthesis.

In the present study we report synthesis and investigation of the magnetic iron nanowire arrays in the mesoporous silica thin films. The films were deposited on SiC/Si(100) substrate by spin-coating technique, enabling one to obtain all mesopores parallel to the substrate surface and aligned radially by centrifugal force. Very high level of local alignment (90% on 2 cm2) of the pores was proved by small angle X-ray scattering and neutron reflectivity. Magnetic iron nanowires were synthesized in the mesoporous silica channels by intercalation of a hydrophobic iron compound into a hydrophobic part of the silica–surfactant composite followed by decomposition of the complex and additional crystallization of iron in hydrogen flow. Nanocomposites were studied by TEM, ED, SAXS, BET, BJH and neutron reflectometry. It was found that an ordered structure preserves after the chemical modification, while iron nanowires uniformly fill porous structure, making this system highly promising for high-density data recording media.

A differential approach to choosing the methods of extracorporeal detoxification in the complex treatment of abdominal sepsis in the context of endogenous intoxication in order to enhance the efficiency of medical measures was pathogeneti-cally substantiated. In 51 patients diagnosed as having abdominal sepsis, the latter was characterized as the endogenous intoxication syndrome in relation to the accumulation of low and medium molecular-weight substances (plasma and red blood cells) in the body and their physiological elimination with urine. An original formula was used to calculate the integral marker – the endogenous intoxication index correlating with the routine severity rating scales APACHE II and SOFA and reflecting the severity of endotoxicosis. According to the values of the endogenous intoxication index and to the sum of scores by the APACHE II and SOFA scales, the patients were divided into 3 groups of the clinicopathogenetic types of endogenous intoxication. According to the type of endogenous intoxication, the authors proposed a differential approach to choosing the modes of efferent therapy for abdominal sepsis: high-volume plasmapheresis in the subcompensated type and prolonged venovenous hemofiltration, which improved the results of treatment and reduced mortality rates.

The basic dependences of reinforcement processes are examined. The order of quality assessment of the processed surface and results of metallographic examinations of the reinforced samples are given.

Diagrams of forecasting and reliability margin of technological equipment as well as diagram of parametric failure on accuracy index are presented. The algorithm is developed and its flow chart for parametric reliability forecasting by the Monte-Carlo method is formed.

The effects of the nature of the aryl substituents and the reaction conditions on the bromination of 3,5-diaryl-1,2-oxathiolane 2-oxides (γ-sultines) have been studied. The possible mechanisms for the bromination of the γ-sultines are discussed on the basis of the experimental data.

Transition matrices are derived on the basis of some analytical solutions for a number of waveguides. Initial parameters method is used to analyze the waveguide longitudinal oscillations. This paper contains a comparative analysis of different types of concentrators. The waveguide design scheme presents a straight bar of variable cross-section with different boundary conditions. For given concentrator arrangements, the amplitude axial displacements and longitudinal forces in the ultrasonic medical instrument (UMI) are calculated for a certain excitation frequency. Numerical method for calculation of eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of the ultrasonic medical instrument (UMI) waveguide is presented. Analysis of the cantilever straight-line concentrator based on the methods of transition matrices and numerical integration by the Runge-Kutta method are under comparison. Sufficient agreement of the results is demonstrated.

Basic facts on the dependency of precision parameters of repair and technological equipment are given. Process of knot loading and its performances in stressedly-deformed state obtained as the results of investigation are described with a view to forecasting.

The one of most important problem in modern genetics, biology and medicine is determination of the primary nucleotide sequence of the DNA of living organisms (DNA sequencing). This paper describes the label-free DNA sequencing approach, based on the observation of a discrete dynamics of DNA sequence elongation phase. The proposed DNA sequencing principle are studied by numerical simulation. The numerical model for proposed label-free DNA sequencing approach is based on a cellular automaton, which can simulate the elongation stage (growth of DNA strands) and dynamics of nucleotides incorporation to rising DNA strand. The estimates for number of copied DNA sequences for required probability of nucleotide incorporation event detection and correct DNA sequence determination was obtained. The proposed approach can be applied at all known DNA sequencing devices with "sequencing by synthesis" principle of operation.

Integrated photoluminescence spectra of two diamond samples under laser radiation excitation at 193 and 222 nm, depending on the temperature in the range of 80-300 K and the peak intensity in the range of 7-13 MW/cm2, were investigated. At temperatures below 200 K, and the peak intensity of more than 10 MW/cm2 of laser radiation at 222 nm, the radiative recombination band of electron-hole liquid was observed in integrated photoluminescence spectra of CVD diamond sample. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Atomic-force microscopy is used to investigate the distribution of the contact-potential difference (surface potential) in Cd x Hg1 − x Te epitaxial films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Modification of the solid-solution composition near the V-defect results in a variation in the contact-potential difference. It is shown that the solid-solution composition varies by ∼0.05 (2.5 at %) towards increasing mercury content in the V-defect region, and a region of mercury depletion by 0.36 at % is observed at the V-defect periphery. From analysis of the surface-potential distribution, it is shown that the Cd x Hg1 − x Te epitaxial film contains unform V-defects with a diameter less than 1 μm in addition to macroscopic V-defects.