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El Programa de Empoderamiento y Autonomía Económica de Mujeres Rurales Productoras, apoyado por Repsol como práctica de responsabilidad social, es operado por la Sociedad de Cooperación para el Desarrollo Internacional (Socodevi), mediante el fortalecimiento de las cadenas productivas de cacao, sandía, lácteos, café y piscicultura con actividades de asistencia técnica, fortalecimiento asociativo, mejoramiento de las estructuras de proveeduría y realización de alianzas para la comercialización. El programa se desarrolla en ocho municipios del departamento del Meta. El estudio abarca el período de 2015 a 2019. Para efectos el abordaje del caso se priorizan las cadenas de cacao, sandía y lácteos, en aras de analizar su sostenibilidad y, en especial, su contribución al cumplimiento del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 5 (Igualdad de género), en la búsqueda de identificar la meta específica en la que el caso presenta mayor fortaleza, así como las oportunidades de mejora para una articulación más asertiva.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the disciplines and thematic study of scientific production in police training over the period 1988-2012. Design/methodology/approach – Introduction and homogenization of keywords and assigning of descriptors to documents, thematic categorization of journals and, analysis of indicators of productivity and relationship of descriptors and thematic areas has been the used methodology. Findings – Totally, 59 different descriptors of a total of 585 assigned to the 182 articles that were published in 95 journals belonging into 20 different subject areas have been identified. The most frequent descriptors are “skills,” “management development” and “violence” and the main thematic areas have been “Criminology and Penology” and “Psychology”. Totally, 47 relationships between 30 descriptors in more than two works, 35 relationships between 20 thematic areas and, 78 relationships between 43 descriptors and eight subject areas in more than two articles have been identified. Originality/value – Characterize the disciplines and thematic of study of the articles and journals in the scientific production on police training, as well as to identify the relationships between descriptors, subject areas and among these.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia celebra anualmente un congreso nacional en el que se presentan numerosas comunicaciones. Sin embargo, se desconoce si posteriormente se publican como articulos y en que revistas. Nuestro objetivo es identificar el grado de publicacion de estas comunicaciones y analizar sus caracteristicas bibliometricas. Metodos Se selecciono aleatoriamente una muestra de 300 comunicaciones presentadas de forma oral durante los congresos de 2002, 2005 y 2008. La identificacion de los trabajos publicados se realizo mediante busqueda en las bases de datos Science Citation Index-Expanded, Scopus , Indice Medico Espanol e Indice Bibliografico Espanol en Ciencias de la Salud. Resultados De las 300 comunicaciones, 115 derivaron en 147 articulos publicados (el 38,33% de publicacion). El congreso que obtuvo un mayor indice de publicaciones fue el de 2005 (43%). El mayor numero correspondio al area de cardiologia pediatrica/cardiopatias congenitas (58,8%). El mayor porcentaje de trabajos se publico a los 2 anos de la celebracion del congreso (30,61%). Los articulos se han publicado en 57 revistas, de las que han pblicado el mayor numero de articulos Revista Espanola de Cardiologia (n = 55; 37,41%) y European Heart Journal (n = 8; 5,44%). Conclusiones El alto porcentaje de articulos publicados en revistas de la mitad superior de la categoria Cardiac and Cardiovascular System del Journal Citation Reports (83%) se puede considerar un indicador objetivo de la calidad de las comunicaciones presentadas en estos congresos. Que mas de un 60% de las comunicaciones no se publique priva a la comunidad cientifica de unos resultados potencialmente interesantes.

Adequate interviewing of alleged victims of child sexual abuse is critical for the investigation and for preserving the welfare of the child. Investigative interview protocols for children (IIPCs) have been developed to meet this twofold purpose. This article focuses on one previously unexplored issue related to applicability of IIPCs: how well they translate into other languages. This case study provides an in-depth analysis of an example of the translation of an IIPC to a new language and its adaptation to a particular cultural setting. Using an interpretive description approach and a mixed-method, stages and outputs of the adaptation process are described, as well as the amount, type and nature of difficulties in translation that were identified and corrected across the process. The main threats to translation equivalence arose from differences among languages, but also from cultural and contextual differences. Prompts to children and interviewers within the protocol presented different translation challenges. Consultation with experts and the protocol's advisors, along with team discussions, were beneficial in identifying and solving translation issues. Typical translation issues and practical recommendations on how to translate and culturally adapt IIPCs effectively are discussed.

In 1986, a new syndrome was described in Taiwan secondary to hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKP), and its main feature was the ability to cause severe infection in young and immunocompetent hosts. Their virulence is explained by the efficient acquisition of iron and an increase in capsule production, which confer the characteristic hypermucoviscous phenotype. Most of these cases have been described in Asia and subsequently spread to America and Europe, where their prevalence is much lower. We present four cases of bacteremia and liver abscesses secondary to hypervirulent K. pneumoniae, two of them associated with endophthalmitis. K. pneumoniae isolates recovered from two of the patients belonged to capsular serotype K1 (genes wzx_K1 and magA), while the other two were K2 (gene wzy_K2). Both of the K1 isolates were classified into a ST23, and isolates of serotype K2 belonged to the ST375 and ST881 clones.In Europe, hvKP isolates are less frequently recovered, mostly associated with Asian citizens or travelers, which was not the case in our patients. K1 capsular serotype is a major cause of primary liver abscess and secondary septic embolus, and K2 is associated with secondary liver abscess. Although these hypervirulent variants usually affect immunocompetent patients as in our cases, diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the most invasive cases, with concomitant poor prognosis. Identification of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae serotypes K1 and K2 should be considered as part of the microbiological diagnosis of community-acquired liver abscess due to their clinical implications. Keywords: Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae, Liver abscess, Community acquired infection, MLST

Antibiotic resistance has been recognized as a worldwide problem. Our aim was to assess the perceptions of Spanish residents about antibiotic use and resistance.An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on all resident doctors in five teaching hospitals (September to November 2010). A link to the questionnaire was e-mailed to 844 doctors. The questionnaire collected demographical characteristics, residents' knowledge about microorganisms of known clinical relevance, their habits in the antibiotic prescription process, and their perceptions on the activities aimed to improve antibiotic use.We received 279 responses corresponding to 33.05% of all targeted residents. The response rate was higher among junior than among senior residents (39.95% vs. 26.12%; p0.05). Residents of all hospitals, specialties and seniority mostly considered that antimicrobial resistance was a significant problem at national level (94.3%), at their institution (91.3%), and for their daily practice (83.8%). Residents considered their training regarding antibiotics insufficient, although up to 86.5% had prescribed antibiotics in the last month. They preferred the availability of local antibiotic guidelines (65%), specific teaching sessions, specific antimicrobial management teams or readily accessible advice from a group or an infectious diseases specialist, to improve antibiotic prescribing, rather than other restrictive interventions.Most residents at the hospitals surveyed believed that antibiotic resistance was a serious problem. The results of this survey provided very important information to optimize adherence to Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs). Educational strategies and non-restrictive aids are the most valuable interventions, which ASPs should capitalize on to improve antimicrobial prescription.

Resumen Fundamento y objetivo La poblacion atendida por los servicios de Medicina Interna en Espana tiene una edad creciente, pero desconocemos la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo vascular y su grado de control, asi como sus diferencias segun el tipo de hospital o de consulta. Pacientes y metodo Estudio epidemiologico, transversal y multicentrico en pacientes ≥ 18 anos. Participaron 290 investigadores de las 17 comunidades autonomas. Se determino el tipo de hospital y de consulta. La presion arterial se considero controlada si era Resultados Se analizaron 2.704 pacientes (54% varones), con una edad media (DE) de 64,1 (14,5) anos. El 93% tenia algun factor de riesgo: hipertension 73,9%, dislipidemia 59,5%, obesidad abdominal 43,4%, diabetes 39,5%. El 50,0% tenia alguna lesion de organo diana, el 46,7% alguna enfermedad clinica asociada y el 71,2% un riesgo vascular alto o muy alto. El control de los factores de riesgo fue: hipertension 33,8%, colesterol LDL 40,8% y diabetes 50,7%. No existieron diferencias relevantes segun el tipo de hospital o de consultas. Conclusiones Mas del 90% de los enfermos atendidos en las consultas hospitalarias de Medicina Interna presenta algun factor de riesgo vascular, independientemente del tipo de consulta u hospital. El control de los factores de riesgo es reducido.

Teen pregnancy remains a public health concern particularly among Latinos, whose pregnancy rate of 83.5 per 1000 girls constitutes one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy among all ethnic and racial groups in the United States. To enhance the effectiveness of interventions for diverse Latino populations in the US, it is crucial to assess the community’s understanding of the etiology of the problem of adolescent pregnancy and to implement programs that reflect the local community’s beliefs and preferences. We present findings from six focus groups held with parents (n = 18), teachers (n = 23) and school stakeholders (n = 8) regarding teen pregnancy prevention among Latino youth at a high school located in a large, Midwestern city. Two investigators analyzed data iteratively using a template organizing approach. A consensus emerged across the groups regarding content that emphasized respect for oneself and one’s family, a focus on personal and shared responsibility in reproductive health behavior, information about the “realities” or consequences associated with engaging in sexual activity, and information about contraceptives. The strong request from participants to include a parental education component reflects the community’s belief that parents play a crucial, protective role in the socialization and development of adolescent sexual behavior, a view that is supported by empirical research. Findings highlight the importance of involving local school communities in identifying adolescent pregnancy prevention strategies that are responsive to the community’s cultural values, beliefs, and preferences, as well as the school’s capacity and teacher preferences.

Scientific literature on Web usability is presented by the bibliometric analysis of published Science and Scopus database articles available on the Web. We analyzed the productivity, temporal distribution and scientific production by authors, institutions, countries and journals. There has been a growing trend in the number of articles published, confirming the consolidation and progress in web usability research.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single stranded RNA sequences involved in post-transcriptional regulation of different biological and physiological processes. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infection caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and it is a major cause of mortality due to systemic mycoses in Brazil. To date, there have been few reports on the role of miRNAs in the immune response against fungi, especially PCM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differential expression of miRNAs related to the inflammatory response associated with pulmonary infection by P. brasiliensis. For this purpose, lungs from BALB/c mice, intravenously infected with P. brasiliensis (2.7×107 yeast cells/ml, n = 12) and noninfected BALB/c mice (n = 8), were collected at the 28 and 56 day after infection. The lung parenchyma presented a great number of yeast cells, granulomas, and edema at 28 days and a framework of resolution of the inflammatory process after 56 days. The mRNAs gata-3, ror-γt, foxp3, and IL-6 were positively regulated at the moment at the 56 day, while the TGF-β1 mRNA was positively regulated at both moments. The miRNAs 126a-5p, 340-5p, 30b-5p, 19b-3p, 221-3p, 20a-5p, 130a-3p, and 301a-3p, 466k presented the greatest increase in expression levels 28 days after infection, and the miRNAs let-7f-5p, let-7a-5p, 5p-26b, let-7e-5p and 369-3p, 466k presented a greater increase in levels of expression 56 days after infection. This study shows a set of differentially expressed miRNAs possibly involved in the immune response in mice during pulmonary infection by P. brasiliensis.

Primary leiomyoma of the liver is an extremely rare benign hepatic tumor in asymptomatic patients. While leiomyoma is frequently found in the genitourinary tract, to the best of our knowledge only 29 cases of primary hepatic leiomyoma have been reported in the English language medical literature. Primary hepatic leiomyoma in patients without an underlying systemic disease (immunosuppression) is even more uncommon. A leiomyoma is composed of bundles of smooth muscle fibers and rarely transforms into a malignant tumor. We present a previously healthy 44-year-old woman who was incidentally found to have a focal liver lesion while undergoing radiologic studies for evaluation of her low back pain. The primary leiomyoma of the liver has characteristic radiologic findings that distinguish it from other hepatic tumors. In this article we discuss the typical radiologic and pathologic findings of leiomyoma compared with other primary liver tumors.

Esta investigación pretende indagar acerca de cuáles son los discursos y prácticas que estructuran al especismo antropocéntrico en Argentina desde la arista específica de la alimentación con carne vacuna. El objetivo fundamental es exponer, evidenciar y visibilizar los elementos que subyacen a estas prácticas y los discursos que las sostienen. En este sentido se propone realizar al mismo tiempo un ejercicio de desnaturalización, comprendiendo que esto implica un trabajo de reconocimiento de los sentidos sociales circulantes, que están instaurados, legitimados y reconocidos como válidos en el seno de la sociedad. A partir del análisis de más de 400 entrevistas, se desarrolla una red de categorías que apunta a organizar el conocimiento que aportaron los relatos, a partir de los cuales se ofrece un mapa de las estrategias discursivas y prácticas mediante las cuales se estructura el especismo antropocéntrico desde un plano móvil de inmanencia., Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

[Purpose]: The purpose of this study to investigate the evolution and current status of peer-reviewed publications concerning generic drugs during the past few decades. [Methods]: Scientific articles about generic drugs published until 2012 were retrieved through the PubMed/MEDLINE database, and a content analysis was performed. [Findings]: Our study revealed an increasing number of publications on generics since 1984. Statins, antiretroviral therapies, and antiepileptics, followed by immunosuppressants and antithrombotic agents, were the most common therapeutic drug categories. [Implications]: Almost 60% of the generics detailed in studies indexed in MEDLINE were acting on the cardiovascular system as anti-infectives and on the nervous system, which is not surprising considering the leading causes of death and disability worldwide., This study was supported by grant CS02015-65594-C2-2-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia convoca anualmente becas para financiar proyectos de investigacion en el campo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Nuestro objetivo es identificar la repercusion de estas inversiones durante el periodo 2000-2006 a partir de los articulos derivados de las becas y publicados en revistas cientificas. Metodos Utilizando los datos de identificacion de cada proyecto como terminos de busqueda, se recuperaron todos los articulos derivados de estas becas en las bases de datos del Indice Medico Espanol, el Indice Bibliografico Espanol en Ciencias de la Salud, el Science Citation Index-Expanded y Scopus. Los articulos se sometieron a un analisis estadistico descriptivo en relacion con la tipologia de las becas, la evolucion anual de su numero y de su importe, el sexo y las instituciones de los becados. Resultados Se concedieron 207 becas con un importe total de 3.270.877 € y una dotacion media anual de 467.268 €. De ellas, 123 (59,42%) aportaron publicaciones derivadas. El promedio de articulos publicados por beca concedida ha sido de 1,12, y de 1,9 si se tiene en cuenta unicamente las becas que dieron lugar a publicaciones. Conclusiones Durante el periodo 2000-2006, la Sociedad Espanola de Cardiologia/Fundacion Espanola del Corazon destino casi 500.000 € anuales a financiar becas de investigacion y asi contribuir a luchar contra las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Casi el 60% de las becas han aportado publicaciones derivadas, 231 articulos. El 73% de los articulos se publicaron en revistas extranjeras y el 91,34%, en revistas espanolas o extranjeras con factor de impacto en el Journal Citation Reports.

Y[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O has been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure was refined by Rietveld analysis using X-ray powder diffraction data. Y[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system, space group Cmcm. Y3+ ion is eight-coordinated forming a bicapped distorted trigonal prism YN6O2. Fe3+ ion is six-coordinated in the form of an irregular octahedra FeC6 group and cyanide linkages between YN6O2 and FeC6 groups build an infinite polymeric array. The vibrational spectrum shows two bands corresponding to antisymmetric and symmetric stretching 12C14N in the CN stretching region. These bands are accompanied by four weak isotopic bands at lower frequency due to the presence of 13C and 15N in relative natural abundance. The HOH bending band split into three bands around 1600 cm−1 due to the presence of two kinds of water molecules in the structure. The thermal decomposition has been followed by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy and powder XRD. The size and morphology of the complex and its thermal decomposition products were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic measurements confirm that Y[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O shows an antiferromagnetic order at low temperatures.

The thermal decomposition of Y[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O has been studied in order to investigate the formation of the multi-ferroic oxide YFeO3. The starting material (Y[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O) and the decomposition products were characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy. Metastable YFeO3 with hexagonal structure, space group P63/mmc, was obtained by thermal decomposition of Y[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O at 600 °C in air. Orthorhombic YFeO3 was obtained by the same method at T ≥ 800 °C in air. The crystal structure of orthorhombic YFeO3 was refined by Rietveld analysis using PXRD data. We found that it was slightly deficient in Y3+, which is in agreement with the small amount of Y2O3 found as impurity in the sample. The formula of the orthorhombic phase is Y0.986FeO3.

Evaluating the Information Architecture in an already deployed website is not an easy task. Most evaluation techniques are focused on examining system usability, but this is not the only factor that influences IA. The main technique that deals with IA in already deployed web environments is the Navigation Stress Test (NST). A new methodology makes this technique more informative by taking NST beyond simple notation on paper. This work proposes the use of NST combined with other usability testing techniques such as Thinking Aloud and a usability questionnaire. Eye tracking also has been used to supplement the information obtained from applied techniques. This new methodology has been tested by analyzing a series of websites belonging to Spanish public university libraries. The results of this study show the validity of the approach used, as well as the value that this approach and the use of Eye tracking bring to the analysis of IA compared to traditional NST

In order to investigate the formation of the multiferroic BiFeO3, the thermal decomposition of the inorganic complex Bismuth hexacyanoferrate (III) tetrahydrate, Bi[Fe(CN)6]·4H2O has been studied. The starting material and the decomposition products were characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, laboratory powder X-ray diffraction, and microscopic electron scanning. The crystal structures of these compounds were refined by Rietveld analysis. BiFeO3 were synthesized by the decomposition thermal method at temperature as low as 600 °C. There is a clear dependence of the type and amount of impurities that are present in the samples with the time and temperature of preparation.

This study analyses the bibliometric characteristics of the presentations at the 5th, 8th and 10th Conferences of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, which were subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals covered by the Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index and LISA databases. 31.7% of all the papers presented at the three conferences were published. Scientometrics was the journal that published the highest proportions. A low rate of publication deprives researchers of potentially interesting results and points up the role of the ISSI Conference proceedings as a primary source of information.

Introduccion y objetivos En la investigacion cientifica moderna, la normalizacion de los procesos y los productos documentales es imprescindible para la transmision correcta de los resultados de la investigacion, ya que garantiza su universalidad, reproducibilidad y acceso. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los aspectos formales de las revistas del area del sistema cardiovascular incluidas en la base de datos Indice Medico Espanol en el ano 2006. Metodos La evaluacion se realizo aplicando un formulario que valora 64 caracteristicas diferentes, basado en los criterios cualitativos para la seleccion de revistas en los principales sistemas de informacion bibliografica. Resultados Las puntuaciones obtenidas por las revistas, sobre un total maximo de 82 puntos, han sido: Revista Espanola de Cardiologia (66 puntos), CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (62 puntos), Hipertension (57 puntos), Angiologia (54 puntos) y Anales de Cirugia Cardiaca y Vascular (49 puntos). Conclusiones Son numerosos los puntos fuertes encontrados en estas revistas: todas ellas presentan de forma adecuada los datos en portada y cubierta; tienen la maxima puntuacion en referencia a su pervivencia; cumplen con la regularidad y hacen mencion de su periodicidad; presentan el sumario, el resumen y las palabras clave en el idioma original de la revista y en ingles; hacen constar el nombre de su director; presentan sus referencias bibliograficas segun las normas de Vancouver y permiten el acceso al texto completo de los articulos.

The main aim of this paper is to defining a multidimensional housing deprivation index and identifying the main determining characteristics of this phenomenon, using Spain as reference. A latent variable model is used in order to overcome some of the traditional difficulties encountered in multidimensional deprivation studies. The construction of a latent structure model has allowed a set of partial housing deprivation indices to be grouped together under a single index. It has also enabled each individual to be assigned to a different class depending on the level and type of deprivation. Results show that the vector of observed variables (having hot running water, heating, a leaky roof, damp walls or floor, rot in window frames and floors, and overcrowding) and the correlations among such variables can be explained by a single latent variable. There are also specific characteristics that differentiate the population affected by housing deprivation.

This paper aims to present an assessment of the dynamics of housing deprivation through latent variable models taking Spain as reference. The first five waves of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) are used to analyze the nature and extent of the persistence of housing deprivation and the determinants of the flows into and out of this state. Discrete time duration models are estimated to identify which households have a higher risk of suffering housing deprivation on a persistent basis. Our results show that almost half the households have gone through some kind of housing deprivation during the period under study while in cross-sectional studies only a 20% of population appears to have done so. The results suggest not only that there are groups running a greater housing deprivation risk but also that some face a greater probability of being in this state on a persistent basis.

The main fields of research in Library Science and Documentation are identified by quantifying the frequency of appearance and the analysis of co-occurrence of the descriptors assigned to 11,273 indexed works in the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) database for the 2004–2005 period. The analysis made has enabled three major core research areas to be identified: World Wide Web, Libraries and Education. There are a further 12 areas of research with specific development, one connected with the library sphere and another 11 connected with the World Wide Web and Internet: Networks, Computer Security, Information technologies, Electronic Resources, Electronic Publications, Bibliometrics, Electronic Commerce, Computer applications, Medicine, Searches and Online Information retrieval.

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la relación género, mujeres e historia. Para ello, en primer lugar, consideramos la manera en que la historia social interpretó al movimiento feminista y la teoría de género. En la segunda parte caracterizamos lo que se dio a conocer como historia de las mujeres, historia feminista e historia de género, aunque -como veremos- los límites de estas categorías son difusos. En la última parte establecemos un diálogo entre dos de las más notables representantes de este debate: Joan Scott y Simone de Beauvoir, sobre sus respectivas maneras de abordar la historia de las mujeres y del género, y sobre las ideas de método de las que cada una hace uso. In this paper, there is a reflection about the relationship between gender, women and history. First, we consider the way in which social history understood the feminist movement and the gender theory. Second, we characterize what was known as women's history, feminist history and gender history, although, as will be seen, the boundaries of these categories are blurred. Finally, we establish a dialogue between Joan Scott and Simone de Beauvoir, about their own ways to see the history of women and gender, and about the ideas of method used by them.

The crystal structure of Nd[Fe(CN)6].4H2O has been refined by Rietveld analysis using high resolution synchrotron powder Xray diffraction data. It belonged to the orthorhombic crystal system, Cmcm space group, with cell parameters: a = 7.473952(1) Å; b = 12.919104(2) Å and c = 13.800549(2) Å. The change in space group from P63/m which is observed in the pentahydrates (LnFe(CN)6.5H2O) to Cmcm in the tetrahydrates has been analyzed to be a consequence of the change in 9-fold coordination of Nd3+ in the pentahydrates to 8-fold coordination in the tetrahydrates, which changes the Nd3+ environment from tricapped trigonal prism to a distorted tricapped trigonal prism or square antiprism. Its decomposition process in air to produce NdFeO3 has been followed by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, IR spectroscopy and laboratory powder XRD. We found that it is possible to synthesize crystalline NdFeO3 at temperatures as low as 380o C and refine the structure of single phase crystalline NdFeO3 synthesized by this method at 600o C. Fil: Navarro, Maria Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina Fil: Pannunzio Miner, Elisa Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Pagola, Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Gómez, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Carbonio, Raul Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentina

The aim of this paper is to present the bibliometric indicators for Revista Espanola de Cardiologia that were obtained from the “Potential impact factor of Spanish medical journals in 2001” study financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte. Citations to Revista Espanola de Cardiologia , its national and international impact factor, and its immediacy index were calculated with methods similar to those used by the Institute for Scientific Information. National indicators were based only on citations from 87 Spanish journals considered source journals, whereas international indicators were calculated on the basis of citations from both national journals and foreign source journals in the Science Citation Index. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia obtained a national impact factor of 0.719 and an international impact factor of 0.837, placing it at the head of the ranking of Spanish medical journals.

Fundamento y objetivo En 2001 solo 13 revistas medicas espanolas estaban incluidas en elJournal Citation Reports, por lo que se desconoce el factor de impacto (FI) del resto de revistasespanolas. El objetivo es determinar el FI de las principales revistas medicas espanolas, tenien-do en cuenta las citas procedentes de las revistas no incluidas en la cobertura del Science Ci-tation Index Pacientes y metodo Se analizaron las referencias bibliograficas de 1999, 2000 y 2001 de losarticulos citables publicados en 2001 en una seleccion de 87 revistas medicas espanolas in-cluidas en la base de datos nacional Indice Medico Espanol y en alguna otra base de datos in-ternacional. Se calcularon el numero de citas, el FI y el indice de inmediatez de cada revista Resultados Se analizaron 5.388 referencias bibliograficas procedentes de 74 revistas fuente ocitadoras no incluidas en el Journal Citation Reports y se identificaron las revistas citadas. Aestas citas se anadieron las que cada revista habia recibido en Science Citation Index. La revis-ta mas citada fue MEDICINACLINICA, con 768 citas, y las de mayor FI fueron Histology and His-topathology(FI = 1,866), International Journal of Developmental Biology(FI = 1,654) y MEDICI-NACLINICA(FI = 1,125) Conclusiones Este trabajo ha permitido obtener el FI de 87 revistas medicas espanolas y con-firma los resultados obtenidos en trabajos anteriores que mostraron el liderazgo de MEDICINACLINICAen la medicina espanola. Las revistas publicadas en ingles han recibido pocas citas delresto de las espanolas. La falta de impacto en algunas revistas no estanecesariamente relacio-nada con su falta de calidad, merito o relevancia

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los indicadores bibliometricos de Revista Espanola de Cardiologia obtenidos del estudio «Factor de impacto potencial de las revistas medicas espanolas en 2001», financiado por el Ministerio de Educacion Cultura y Deporte espanol. Siguiendo una metodologia similar a la que emplea el Institute for Scientific Information, se han obtenido las citas de Revista Espanola de Cardiologia y su factor de impacto e indice de inmediatez nacionales e internacionales. Los indicadores nacionales tienen en cuenta unicamente las citas procedentes de 87 revistas espanolas seleccionadas como fuentes, mientras que para el calculo de los indicadores internacionales se han sumado a las citas anteriores las que proceden de las revistas fuente extranjeras del Science Citation Index. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia ha obtenido un factor de impacto nacional de 0,719 y un factor de impacto internacional de 0,837, lo que la situa en posiciones de liderazgo en la medicina espanola

BinaxNOW® PBP2a rapid immunochromatographic assay is a novel test for the identification of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from clinical blood culture samples based on detection of penicillin binding protein 2a. We have evaluated the utility of this assay to do a rapid diagnostic of methicillin susceptibility directly from blood culture bottles after identification of S. aureus in positive bottles by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Twenty of 21 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) samples from blood cultures were positive on direct immunochromatographic testing (sensitivity 95.24%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 74.13% to 99.75%), whereas 37 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) samples were negative (specificity 100%, 95% CI 88.99% to 99.75%). The combined use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and BinaxNOW® PBP2a test is useful for the rapid identification of both MRSA and MSSA from blood cultures.

The spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae related to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases is a serious public health problem worldwide. Microbiological diagnosis and therapy of these infections are challenging and controversial. After the selection of clinically relevant questions, this document provides evidence-based recommendations for the use of microbiological techniques for the detection of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and for antibiotic therapy for invasive infections caused by these organisms. The absence of randomized-controlled trials is noteworthy, thus recommendations are mainly based on observational studies, that have important methodological limitations, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics models, and data from animal studies. Additionally, areas for future research were identified.

The synthesis and characterization of the Fe(III) complex of sulfathiazole, is presented herein. The compound was prepared by using a conventional precipitation technique, and was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under oxygen atmosphere, chemical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder ray-X diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial activity of the complex was screened against S. aureus, showing an appreciable activity, compared with the free ligand.

Introduction and objectives The Spanish Society of Cardiology holds an annual national meeting with a large number of presentations but the number of full-text publications resulting from these presentations and the journals accepting these manuscripts is unknown. This study aimed to identify the full-text publication rate of accepted abstracts and to analyze the bibliometric features of subsequent publications. Methods We randomly selected a sample of 300 oral presentations at the meetings of the Spanish Society of Cardiology in 2002, 2005 and 2008. Subsequent publications were identified through the Science Citation Index-Expanded, Scopus, Indice Medico Espanol , and Indice Bibliografico Espanol en Ciencias de la Salud . Results Of 300 abstracts, 115 resulted in 147 full publications, representing a publication rate of 38.33%. The meeting with the highest publication rate (43%) was held in 2005. The subject category with the highest number of publications was Pediatric Cardiology/Congenital Heart Disease (58.8%). Time to full publication was usually 2 years (30.61%). Articles were published in 57 journals. The journals publishing the highest number of articles were Revista Espanola de Cardiologia (n=55; 37.41%) and the European Heart Journal (n=8; 5.44%) . Conclusions The high percentage of articles published in the upper half of journals listed in Journal Citation Reports under the category of cardiac and cardiovascular system (83%) can be taken as an objective quality indicator of the results presented at these meetings. However, more than 60% of the abstracts did not result in full publications, thus depriving the scientific community of potentially interesting results.

Este artículo presenta la metodología de trabajo de investigación que se implementa en la Cátedra (oculto para revisión) que consiste en la sistematización de experiencias. Esta metodología, desde una perspectiva latinoamericana, apunta a reconocer la riqueza de conocimientos generados en la práctica, recuperar aquellos que han sido valiosos y pertinentes en diversos contextos y hacerlos comunicables para que otros puedan valerse de estas prácticas. Se parte de hacer un recorrido por esta metodología de trabajo y por compartir la implementación que se hace desde la Cátedra para enriquecer la trayectoria formativa de los estudiantes., Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

We describe clinical and microbiological features of infections caused by OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (O48KP) in the setting of a prolonged, hospital-wide outbreak detected in January 2011.Clinical, demographic and microbiological data of patients with growth of O48KP in clinical specimens were collected until December 2011. PCR was used to detect carbapenemase and β-lactamase genes. The genetic relationships were determined by automated repetitive-sequence-based PCR.Seventy-one patients with clinically guided cultures showing growth of O48KP were identified. Nine were considered to be colonizing rather than causing infection. The most frequent source of infection was the urinary tract (22/62), followed by surgical site infections (17/62). Blood cultures were positive in 23/62 patients. Many patients had significant comorbidity and prolonged hospital stays. In-hospital mortality among patients with O48KP infections was 43.5%. The MIC(90)s of ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem were32, 16 and 16 mg/L, respectively. No single antimicrobial was active against all the isolates. The antibiotics most active against O48KP were amikacin (97.2% susceptible), colistin (90.1%), tigecycline (73%) and fosfomycin (66.2%). Although eight clones were identified, a predominant clone caused 73.2% of the infections. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of the predominant clone gave sequence type (ST) 405 and bla(TEM-1), bla(SHV-76), bla(CTX-M-15) and bla(OXA-1) genes and the insertion sequence IS1999 of the Tn1999 transposon were associated with bla(OXA-48) in this clone.To our knowledge, this is the largest reported series of infections caused by O48KP in the setting of a single-centre outbreak and provides further input on the clinical relevance of infections caused by O48KP and the difficulties associated with its detection and control.

Ophidian accidents represent a great public health problem in developing countries. Recent studies have shown that antibodies produced in laying hens could be an alternative method for producing antivenin in mammals. In this study we analyzed the production of IgY antibodies in laying hens inoculated with snake venom from the Bothrops and Crotalus genera over a 360-day period. IgY antibodies present in the serum and egg yolks were analyzed according to avidity, antigen recognition pattern and efficiency in neutralizing the venom. The levels of anti-bothropic and anti-crotalic IgY antibodies increased significantly after the third immunization, and remained at these levels until the end of the experiment. Significantly high avidity levels were observed for anti-bothropic IgY antibodies on the 142nd day and for anti-crotalic antibodies on the 232nd day after the first immunization. Anti-bothropic IgY antibodies recognized antigens with molecular masses ranging from 25 kDa to 50 kDa, whereas anti-crotalic IgY antibodies mainly recognized antigens with molecular masses of 14 kDa and 30 kDa. An increase in the antigens recognized by the antivenins was observed during the experimental period. Samples of bothropic IgY antivenin antibodies presented an efficiency of 290 μl/3 DL50, a potency of 0.307 mg/ml and a specific activity of 0.230. Samples of anti-crotalic IgY antibodies presented an efficiency of 246 μl/4 DL50, a potency of 0.829 mg/ml and a specific activity of 0.271. These results show that the administration of successive doses of the venoms for more than 6 months results in an antivenin with higher avidity that is able to recognize a greater number of antigens present in the venoms. These characteristics indicate a more efficient and potent antivenin than what has been described in other studies.

En este artículo se trabajaran las categorías especismo/antiespecismo, hasta el momento analizadas casi exclusivamente por la Filosofia, desde el campo de la Comunicación en clave de identidad: en un primer momento problematizándolas desde el esencialismo/no esencialismo para luego reflexionar sobre su posible desplazamiento hacia la perspectiva de identidad/es., Dossier: Cuestiones en línea, Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

As HIV becomes a chronic infection, an increasing number of HIV-infected patients are travelling to malaria-endemic areas. Association of malaria with HIV/AIDS can be clinically severe. Severe falciparum malaria is a medical emergency that is associated with a high mortality, even when treated in an Intensive Care Unit. This article describes two cases of HIV-positive patients, who returned from malaria-endemic areas and presented a parasitaemia > 5% of erythrocytes and clinical signs of severe falciparum malaria, both with > 350 CD4 cell count/μl, absence of chemoprophylaxis and successful response. Factors like drug interactions and the possible implication of anti-malarial therapy bioavailability are all especially interesting in HIV-malaria co-infections.

Spanish Abstract: La certificacion de playas limpias es un instrumento de la politica publica que busca garantizar la salud de los usuarios de las playas y toma en cuenta las caracteristicas que la hacen atractiva para su uso. Para certificar una playa como limpia, se sugiere incorporar la percepcion de los usuarios de las playas para atender las respuestas a problemas de limpieza o cuidado ambiental que los certificadores de playas a veces no perciben. Se aplicaron dos metodos de evaluacion de playas, uno por indicadores medidos y otro por la percepcion de los usuarios, en tres playas (Caleta, Condesa y Revolcadero) de una ciudad mexicana historicamente famosa por su turismo (Acapulco, Guerrero). Primero se completo una ficha descriptiva de 93 indicadores que evaluan nueve atributos para la certificacion: calidad del agua de mar, arena y aire, infraestructura, seguridad y servicios, biodiversidad, educacion ambiental y paisajes terrestre y oceanografico. Despues, se evaluo la percepcion de 390 usuarios con un cuestionario de 37 preguntas sobre su perfil, sus habitos de recreacion y sus opiniones sobre las condiciones biofisicas y de infraestructura de las playas, El resultado del metodo de indicadores es que ninguna de las tres playas es certificable y segun los usuarios las tres playas son diferentes. Por lo tanto, se elaboro una propuesta de plan de manejo orientado a cumplir con el deficit de indicadores de una playa certificable y se incorporaron las opiniones de los usuarios de cada playa. Se espera que al haber incorporado la percepcion de los usuarios, ellos apoyen y faciliten el proceso de certificacion de las tres playas.English Abstract: The certification of 'clean beaches' is an instrument of public policy which seeks to safeguard both the health of beach users and the characteristics of the area which make it attractive for their use. In order to certify a beach as 'clean', we suggest the incorporation of beach users' perceptions into the process as a means to generate responses regarding issues of cleanliness and environmental care which certifiers may not have previously perceived. In this study, two methods of beach evaluation were employed, one using measurable indicators, the other utilizing beachgoer's perceptions of three beaches (Caleta, Condesa, and Revolcadero) located in Acapulco, Guerrero, a city in Mexico known for its touristic appeal. Initial assessment was completed via a 93-point descriptive index that evaluated nine certification criteria: quality of water, sand, and air, infrastructure, security and services, biodiversity, environmental education, and beauty of the terrestrial and marine landscapes. Afterwards, the perceptions of 390 users were evaluated via a 37 question survey regarding their profile, recreational habits, and opinion on the biophysical conditions and infrastructure of the beaches. The results of the preliminary indexing study show that none of the three beaches qualifies as certifiable, and according to users the three beaches are different. Therefore, and in response to the deficit of certifiable qualities of the three beaches, a management plan proposal was developed that incorporates user opinions from each beach. The author hopes that user perceptions will be included in a manner that facilitates and supports the certification process of the three beaches in the future.

This chapter sets out the subject of forehead lifting as a fundamental procedure in the mechanisms of face rejuvenation. An historical review of the evolution of the procedure and a general revision of the applied surgical anatomy, indications, and suggestions of the factors that condition the election of the diverse suspension approaches and techniques is done. Included is a description for each one of the techniques used by the senior author: the preparation, dissection plan, suspension mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages; at the end the main complications and discussion of the subject appear.

Este es un informe de avance del proyecto “Sembrando Valores: campañas participativas de concientización, profilaxis y terapéutica de las zoonosis en barrios marginales, destinadas a fomentar el cuidado de la salud y el respeto por la vida”, ejecutado desde la Facultad de Veterinaria, con el apoyo de la Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social y la Facultad de Bellas Artes. Compartimos aquí la experiencia de trabajar en los barrios con el objetivo que nos propusimos de promover la salud y bienestar tanto animal como humana de comunidades vulnerables, impulsando una relación humanitaria y responsable entre ellos; facilitando la prevención de enfermedades infectocontagiosas y zoonóticas a través de experiencias directas (atención veterinaria y esterilización) realizadas por profesionales y voluntarios idóneos, motivando la responsabilidad a través de talleres de concientización y primeros auxilios y fomentando el respeto por la vida a través del reconocimiento de actitudes positivas. Palabras clave: animales – concientización – profilaxis – zoonosis – maltrato

The analysis of productivity and disciplinary collaboration patterns for Spanish published scientific research in the field of Substance Abuse (2001-2005).From institutional affiliations we identified and quantified disciplinary participation in papers indexed in the IME/Indice Medico Español, ISOC/Indice Español de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, SCI-Expanded/Science Citation Index-Expanded and SSCI/Social Sciences Citation Index databases.A total of 31 disciplines and specialities were identified in ISOC, with 8.6% of documents in collaboration between them; 55 medical specialities were identified in IME, with 10.89% of documents in collaboration between them; and 62 specialities were identified in SCI-Expanded, with 41.68% of documents in collaboration between them.a) Substance Abuse, Psychology, Psychiatry, Epidemiology-Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Pharmacology are the disciplines and specialities that present the highest productivity. To these can be added, in papers published in foreign journals, specialities such as Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Neurology and Neuroscience; b) Papers published in Spanish journals indexed in SCI-Expanded and in papers published in foreign journals present much higher collaboration indexes between disciplines and specialities; c) The main collaborations between specialities are those between Substance Abuse, Psychiatry and Psychology. To these can be added, in the case of journals indexed in SCI-Expanded, those between these specialities and Pharmacology, Neurology and Neuroscience.

Concern for encouraging gender equality makes it one of the high priority spheres of action for governments and organisations responsible for instigating scientific policies, with particular importance being placed on including the gender variable in evaluative analyses of scientific and technological activity. A comparative study was made, broken down by gender, of the scientific output of Spanish researchers with a high production in the field of substance abuse.We identified the gender of 338 authors who had published more than four different articles during the period from 1999-2004 and which were indexed in the IME/Indice Médico Español and the SCI/Science Citation Index databases, making a comparative analysis of their output and collaboration patterns, based on the gender variable.In the area of substance abuse, of those with the highest output (9 papers), 70% were men compared with 30% women. Among the average producers (5-9 papers), 57% of the authors identified were men and 43% women. Statistically significant differences were observed between men and women with the highest output with regard to the number of published works and those with whom they had collaborated.There is no gender equality in the area of substance abuse, particularly when considering the top researchers. It is essential to make in-depth studies that evaluate scientific output, broken down by gender, in order to adopt the necessary corrective measures to eliminate the disparity between men and women.

Objective Reproductive biology is a highly productive area. By analyzing papers published in the major journals in the period 2003–2005, the collaborative patterns were characterized. Design Original research papers published in 2004 in the journals included in the first quartile of the category "Reproductive Biology" of the Journal Citation Reports (2005) were selected. A bibliometric analysis was carried out with the information obtained, thus building up the networks of coauthorship and institutional collaboration. Result(s) A total of 4,702 papers were analyzed, 96.75% signed in collaboration by two or more authors, the authors per paper index being 5.24; 73.73% of the papers were collaborations between institutions. The U.S.A. and the U.K. headed the absolute productivity ranking in number of papers, and adapting the data with respect to the population, Israel, Australia, and other European countries, such as Finland, Belgium, Sweden, and The Netherlands, had notable contributions. Conclusion(s) We identified the networks of authors who publish in the journals with the greatest impact factor. Only some of the most productive institutions have consolidated collaborative relationships with other institutions. We identified the scientific "isolation" of some countries which, although their productivity is high, have a small number of international collaborations.

a b s t r a c t The spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae related to the production of extended-spectrum - lactamases and carbapenemases is a serious public health problem worldwide. Microbiological diagnosis and therapy of these infections are challenging and controversial. Clinically relevant questions were selected and the literature was reviewed for each of them. The information from the selected articles was extracted and recommendations were provided and graded according to the strength of the recommendations and quality of the evidence. The document was opened to comments from the members from the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, which were considered for inclusion in the final version. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for the use of microbiological techniques for the detec- tion of extended-spectrum -lactamases and carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae, and for antibiotic therapy for invasive/severe infections caused by these organisms. The absence of randomised controlled trials is noteworthy; thus, recommendations are mainly based on observational studies (that have impor- tant methodological limitations), pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics models, and data from animal studies. Additionally, areas for future research were identified.

This paper aims to present an assessment of the effects of panel attrition on income mobility comparisons for some EU-countries by using the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). There are different possibilities of correcting the attrition problem by means of alternative longitudinal weighting schemes. The sensitivity of mobility estimates to these attrition correction procedures is tested in the paper. Our results show that ECHP attrition is characterised by a certain degree of selectivity but only affecting some variables and countries. Different probability models corroborate the existence of a certain non-random attrition. The model chosen to construct the longitudinal weights to correct attrition offers up rather different results than those obtained when Eurostat’s longitudinal weights are used. Although attrition does not seem to have a great effect on aggregated mobility indicators, it does have a decisive effect on decomposition exercises. Finally, the tests conducted on income mobility indicators reveal a certain sensitivity to the weighting system used.