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Background: The increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs necessitates research in its disease etiology. Objectives: To explore the association between puppyhood dietary exposures and prevalence of owner‐reported allergy/atopy skin signs (AASS) after the age of 1 year. Animals: Four thousand and twenty‐two dogs were eligible, 1158 cases, and 2864 controls. Methods: This cross‐sectional hypothesis‐driven observational study was extracted from the DogRisk food frequency questionnaire. Forty‐six food items and the ratio of 4 major diet types were tested for their association with AASS incidence later in life. Potential puppyhood dietary risk factors for AASS incidence were specified using binary multivariable logistic regression. The model was adjusted for age and sex. Results: Eating raw tripe (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals OR, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.16‐0.79; P =.01), raw organ meats (OR, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.08‐0.67; P =.007), human meal leftovers, and fish oil supplements as well as eating more that 20% of the diet as raw and/or <80% of the diet as dry, in general, were associated with significantly lower AASS incidence in adulthood. In contrast, dogs fed fruits (OR, 95% CI = 2.01, 1.31‐3.07; P =.001), mixed‐oil supplements, dried animal parts, and dogs that drank from puddles showed significantly higher AASS incidence in adulthood. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Puppyhood exposure to raw animal‐based foods might have a protective influence on AASS incidence in adulthood, while puppyhood exposure to mixed oils, heat processed foods and sugary fruits might be a potential risk factor of AASS incidence later. The study suggests a causal relationship but does not prove it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of the arlequin, the plate of used food collected piecemeal from the tables of the rich to sell to the poor, as it was popularized by Eugène Sue in 1842 in his blockbuster novel Les Mystères de Paris. I show how this alimentary genre functions in this text not only to reflect a socioeconomic reality of the nineteenthcentury politics of eating, but also to introduce a budding aesthetic principle. The harlequin meal, composed of bits and pieces of various origins reassembled as a patchwork whole, inaugurates in Sue's novel a reappearing pattern that comes to characterize not only food but also bodies, clothing, décor, narrative form, and modes of attention and belief. I argue that the aesthetics of patchwork and collage extend as well to Sue's selffashioning as a political and moral opportunist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the idea of cuisine invites readers to an elite place of appreciation, as Priscilla Ferguson has shown, comparing newspapers to leftovers and subsistence food is a move designed to generate suspicion. Nineteenth-century authors wary of press innovations compared periodicals to arlequins andmarronniers--or the bouillie de marrons sometimes made from chestnuts. Associating newspapers with such cheap foods implies that the composition of these publications has been expedient. July Monarchy writers who were concerned about the forty-franc press's tendency to decontextualize and fragment information communicated their anxiety through their uses of the arlequin metaphor. By the Second Empire, a growing market for reliable inoffensive information encouraged the publication of recurrent general-interest articles that would come to be known asmarronniers. Neither term was flattering, but their overlap with culinary discourse helps reveal the contours of nineteenth-century writers' concerns about newspaper format and press consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inventory system has been affected by many characteristics, among which deterioration of a food product is a critical issue. Chilled foods deteriorate during storage time, and their quality reduces over time. Indian Spiced Pulled Pork Sandwiches are very observable customer goods in India that are, in fact, unpreserved. If chilled foods' original value reduces over time, consumers are not much likely to buy them. The retail price of chilled food maintained is strictly dependent on its quality. From the vendor's approach, measuring quality and leftover value should be a severe commercial issue. The model aims to study deterioration together with the quality prediction of Indian Spiced Pulled Pork Sandwiches. This model measures food quality and leftover value. Deterioration rate is considered as a function of two-parameter Weibull distribution, suitable for bacterial inactivation, microbial growth, enzymes, nutrients, and pigments dreadful environments under a non-isothermal atmosphere. The dynamic structure of demand has its importance in business. The price-storage time of product-dependent demand rate is debated in this model as demand rarely remains constant. The objective is to maximize the vendor's total profit concerning storage time and the product's selling price. A numerical example supports the model. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to derive insights for decision-makers. The graphical result, in three dimensions, is exhibited with a supervisory decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the traveling wave solutions for a class of predator-prey model with nonlocal dispersal. By adopting the truncation method, we use Schauder's fixed-point theorem to obtain the existence of traveling waves connecting the semi-trivial equilibrium to non-trivial leftover concentrations for c > c*, in which c* is the minimal wave speed. Meanwhile, through the limiting approach and the delicate analysis, we establish the existence of traveling wave solutions with the critical speed. Finally, we show the nonexistence of traveling waves for 0 < c < c* by the characteristic equation corresponding to the linearization of original system at the semi-trivial equilibrium. Throughout the whole paper, we need to overcome the difficulties brought by the nonlocal dispersal and the non-preserving of system itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Senegal, like the other Sahelian countries, remains an important livestock area, particularly for ruminants, with almost 36% of its livestock population was goat in 2016. The national herd increased from 2010 to 2016, from 3.32 to 3.54 million head of cattle, 5.6 to 6.68 million sheep and 4.8 to 5.7 million goats, i.e. annual growth rates of 1.1%, 3.2% and 3.13% respectively. Thus, due to diversification of local agricultural resources and the strengthening of goat breeding techniques in the Fatick area, a programme aiming to develop the local goat sector was set up in 2010. The programme focused on improving animal husbandry, providing new added values to goat products and structuring the goat sector. This study's aim is to better understand goat rearing systems in the area, in order to propose, together with the herders, ways of improving these systems, taking into account family and socio-cultural considerations. To better evaluate the diversity in different production systems, a survey of animal rearing practices was carried out. The survey involved 45 farmers in four localities. It revealed that the farmers were all agro-pastoralists practising a mixed farming system. The majority (93%) supplemented their animals with agricultural by-products, agro-forestry and kitchen leftovers. A multiple correspondence analysis identified three groups: cluster 1 (milk producers and processors into traditional curdled milk, selling animals for household needs), cluster 2 (milk processors into yoghurt and cheese) and cluster 3 (goat vendors in pastoral and the agro-pastoral system). The study of the objectives and contexts of goat farming in the Fatick will enable policy-makers to design strategies for the sustainable development of family goat farming in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the social economy has led to the reorganization of the original layout structure and spatial functions of the city. Based on the development background of the Petite Ceinture railway space, this article conceives the attribute transformation and activation method of this industrial heritage. The proposed methodology, applied to the leftover spaces in Paris: integrating the biodiversity; softening the boundary; setting up installations. This paper investigates the relationship between the vitality of leftover space and the texture of the cities. It is proposed to try to reconnect the leftover space with the city through a multi-dimensional system corresponding to the diversified space and make good use of its unique location and internal potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grief resists easy explanation. Nevertheless, there is a consensus that it is unpleasant and isolating. Yet to understand grief as such misses its intersubjective magnitudes, and neglects to interrogate the ways in which our distressing experiences affect and are affected by our involvement with Others. This paper will offer pedagogical insights on teaching and learning about/from social and historical traumas, through a psychosocial, narrative analysis of HBO's acclaimed drama series The Leftovers. Concerned with discomfort in teaching and learning, it will demonstrate how the often contradictory affects present in the lives of "more than human" characters who pass between boundaries of life and death, community and isolation, on the show can help teachers better engage with difficult knowledge in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of artisanal gold mining has contributed to agrarian change in most of the global South—including West Africa: the sector offers interesting examples of technological and socio‐economic change, reflecting broader dynamics in the political economy of mining. In this article, we rely on our multisited ethnography to show how innovations in gold processing—particularly, the shift from mercury‐based to cyanide‐based techniques—reconfigured power relations and organizational patterns in the artisanal mining sector in Burkina Faso. We show that, in the context of structural transformations and pressure from powerful actors, the mechanisms of value creation, the definition of property rights and the relations of production remained open for negotiation and redefinition. Bringing attention to new scenarios opened by the shift to cyanide for processing gold—a transformative factor in many gold mining areas across the world—our analysis contributes to a broader reflection on the nexus between the trajectories of sociotechnical innovation and the ongoing power struggles in the informal economies of resource extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Avian Diseases is the property of American Association of Avian Pathologists, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Esferas is the property of Esferas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Single Chinese women above the age of 27 have been commonly labelled as "leftover women" by the Chinese state-run media since 2007. To investigate how leftover women are represented metaphorically, this study adopts the discourse dynamics approach to identify metaphor vehicles (i.e. linguistic metaphors), classifies their vehicle groupings and evaluations, and explains the potential ideologies behind the metaphor use from 28 English-language news articles (i.e. 24, 226 words) produced by the Chinese media. The findings show that leftover women are represented as different kinds of social actors (i.e. TRAVELLERS, FIGHTERS and FISHERS/HUNTERS) and dehumanised objects (i.e. COMMODITIES and FOOD), and their attributes (i.e. age, socioeconomic status, and marriage expectations) are highlighted with HEIGHT. The metaphorical representations of leftover women potentially imply the contested ideologies of traditional patriarchy and modern egalitarianism, which reflect and shape Chinese womanhood within the Chinese sociocultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residuality theory [1] states that the future of a system is a function of its residues - the leftovers of the system after the impact of a stressor. A stressor is anything that is previously unseen or unknown that impacts the system. A system is said to be residual when its design is expressed in terms of residues and stressors. Residuality theory assumes that the likelihood, order, and scale of impact of these stressors cannot be known in advance in any sufficiently complex system, and that these properties are never static across time as any stressor impact means that the system has changed. Residuality theory argues for the designers of software systems using residues as the building blocks of system design as opposed to components or processes. The result of residual analysis is a structure that does not depend on the individual pieces that made it up, (in fact the system may not survive some of the initial stressors used to inform its design) but on the overall ability of the system to respond to unknown stressors - the whole should be seen to be more than the sum of its parts. The ability to survive stress that the system is not designed for is considered to move the system toward antifragility [2]. This article investigates the philosophical assumptions behind these ideas and compares and contrasts them with those of conventional practices within software architecture [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pipes have been using for different construction purposes, such as tube wells, oil wells, gas wells, and other sanitary purposes. These pipes have different sizes that can be used according to the need. In a particular construction, most of them can be used but some of them are left unused, which are known as leftovers. There are some usable leftovers (standards), whereas others are nonusable (nonstandards) leftovers. These leftovers could be difficult to manage to know which of them could be reused. The reuse of such leftovers become difficult for the construction companies to use them properly. On the other hand, these leftovers would be useful for other construction purposes rather than throw them into the bin. In this paper, we have presented a model and used a heuristic approach to make sure that the leftovers after different constructions could be reused according to the given demand. For this purpose, a genetic‐based decision support system is applied to validate the solution feasibility of the problem. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of this novel proposed model by numerical experiments, and the leftovers are minimized up to a high extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gender & Language is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable bioplastics of interest as potential substitutes of petroleum-derived plastics that can be produced starting from lignocellulosic-derived residues. This study presents the combined solid-state enzymatic hydrolysis (SSEH) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) as a sustainable approach for obtaining PHA using the leftovers brewer's spent grain (BSG), grape pomace (GP) and olive-mill solid waste (OSW) as substrates. SSEH performance was influenced by the intrinsic characteristics of each residue, the temperature, and the type of enzymatic extract used. Thus, the maximum sugars release (0.16 g g-1 of dry residue (gTS)) was obtained with GP. Furthermore, coupling SSEH and SSF promoted PHA yield increases of up to 54%, 41% and 31% for BSG, GP and OSW respectively, compared to SSF alone. The maximum PHA yield was achieved using hydrolyzed BSG with 12.5 mg g-1 TS (0.33 g kg-1 h-1). Results show the potential of this approach as an attractive alternative to obtain bioproducts such as PHA sustainably in residue-based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In primate-non-primate commensalism, food is often the benefit. Here we report commensalism between the Endangered blonde capuchins (Sapajus flavius) and the newly discovered red-back agoutis (Dasyprocta iacki). We conducted the study in an Atlantic forest fragment in Northeast Brazil between September 2017 and August 2018. In three of those months, we observed 15 events of commensalism where the agoutis were feeding on leftover palm fruits from the blonde capuchins. We suspect that the red-back agoutis in the study area could be consuming more palm oil fruits when compared to agoutis inhabiting areas without the blonde capuchins. Comparison of the diet of agouti populations in such areas may help to test such a hypothesis. Also, due to the potential influence of the observer's presence on the behaviour of the animals, further studies comparing sites through camera trapping may be another effective approach to test the hypothesis. Blonde capuchin food calls and the noises of fruits falling during the feeding bouts may serve as clues to attract the agoutis to consume the leftover palm fruits. Future studies using playback (or sound trapping associated with camera trapping) would be needed to confirm whether red-back agoutis are eavesdropping on blonde capuchins feeding noises to optimise their food and energy intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leftover hash lemma (LHL) is used in the analysis of various lattice-based cryptosystems, such as the Regev and Dual-Regev encryption schemes as well as their leakage-resilient counterparts. The LHL does not hold in the ring setting, when the ring is far from a field, which is typical for efficient cryptosystems. Lyubashevsky et al. (Eurocrypt '13) proved a "regularity lemma," which can be used instead of the LHL, but applies only for Gaussian inputs. This is in contrast to the LHL, which applies when the input is drawn from any high min-entropy distribution. Our work presents an approach for generalizing the "regularity lemma" of Lyubashevsky et al. to certain conditional distributions. We assume the input was sampled from a discrete Gaussian distribution and consider the induced distribution, given side-channel leakage on the input. We present three instantiations of our approach, proving that the regularity lemma holds for three natural conditional distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Law & Economics / Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• 42% of customers surveyed store leftover drugs in their homes. • Customer reported dropbox usage was higher at pharmacies with dropboxes. • Pharmacists at dropbox locations gave safe and consistent disposal recommendations. • Increased pharmacy dropbox locations are necessary to improve proper drug disposal. Production and use of pharmaceuticals in the United States is high and continues to grow. This, combined with poor wastewater removal rates for drugs in excreted waste, and improper pharmaceutical disposal leads to the presence of pharmaceuticals in fresh- and marine waters and wildlife. In the United States, safe drug take-back boxes, or dropboxes, were established in pharmacies after federal legislation passed in 2014, allowing for year-round safe collection of leftover pharmaceuticals. The overarching objective of this work was to identify opportunities for improving access to proper pharmaceutical disposal. We assessed consumer behavior regarding drug disposal choices and knowledge of dropboxes at pharmacies, investigated pharmacist attitudes toward and recommendations about leftover drug disposal, and compared responses at locations with and without dropboxes. We also explored obstacles to dropbox adoption and usage. We found that customer awareness of dropboxes as well as knowledge about risks of improper disposal are low, however awareness was greater at pharmacies with dropboxes. Additionally, pharmacists at dropbox locations were more consistent in their messaging to customers, more likely to recommend proper disposal methods, and more supportive of drug take-back programs. Through a focus group, we learned that further consumer education would overwhelm the capacity of the existing dropboxes. Based on our findings, we recommend solutions to improper disposal focus on legislation mandating dropboxes at pharmacies and pressure on the pharmaceutical industry to fund proper disposal of unused pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the fragile connection that public spaces often have with their context. In this regard, the use of urban acupuncture in leftover space can be an opportunity to revitalize the urban fabric through small-scale interventions developed in accordance with community preferences. This study evaluates interventions in vacant plots based on both residents' preferences and experts' opinions. Using the example of leftover space in Tehran, this article explores public preferences and priorities regarding urban acupuncture from a social, design, and aesthetic perspective, applying a descriptive-analytical method. The opinions of six experts were examined and categorized in the first phase. In the second phase, the topics and subtopics extracted from the first phase were incorporated into visual questionnaires to evaluate preferences, from which 165 valid responses were obtained. Following the analysis of the questionnaires, twenty-two personal interviews were carried out. The results show which interventions are preferred over others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Event size showed the strongest influence on buffet leftovers in the case study. • For increasing event sizes, buffet leftovers decreased per guest. • Small events (<100 guests) recorded highest level of buffet leftovers (280 g/guest). • Large events (>500 guests) recorded lowest level of buffet leftovers (74 g/guest). • Three product groups caused 54% of buffet leftovers and 65% of monetary equivalents. In recent years, a growing number of investigations have examined food waste in the food service sector, in which the catering of individual events received little attention. We aimed to contribute to fill this knowledge gap by presenting insights from a case study based on data from 239 event caterings. The case study presents findings about the influences of four variables, namely event type, season, event size, and menu prices, on buffet leftovers. We used a waste tracking system that allowed kitchen staff to quantify buffet leftovers for 4 years: from the beginning of 2014 until the end of 2017. Among the studied variables, the event size demonstrated the strongest influence on the generation of buffet leftovers in the case study. Buffet leftovers showed a trend of decreasing quantities relative to the number of guests for increasing event sizes. For instance, smaller events with less than 100 participants recorded the highest quantities of approximately 280 g of buffet leftovers per guest, and larger events of more than 500 participants recorded the lowest quantities of approximately 74 g per guest. In addition, we found that three food product groups— meat & poultry , finger food, and side dishes —caused approximately 54% of the overall quantity of buffet leftovers and approximately 65% of the corresponding monetary equivalents. Our findings emphasize that further research is necessary on food waste reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the educational, economic, and sociocultural, family and personal dimensions of delayed marriage among educated females in Pakistan. In addition, it revealed family-based and personal dimensions of delayed marriage among educated females in Pakistan. Furthermore, it highlighted the sociopsychological consequences of delayed marriageability among females in patriarchal society. For this purpose, 35 females, in the age bracket of 30–49 years and with a minimum of 16 years of education, were recruited for the current study through purposive and snowball sampling technique. An interview guide was used as a tool for data collection. The main sociocultural factors of delayed marriageability were the unavailability of a suitable match in the marriage market, the provision of the dowry, the pivotal role of the caste system and the second fiddle role of sectarian affiliation, and previous marital status (engaged or divorced) of the females. The structure and the size of the family were also the decisive family factors of delayed marriageability. Additionally, among personal traits, physical outlook and effective individualism played a prominent role. The current study conjectured a relational insight and transformation in a family structure for family demographers. It was the first qualitative study to highlight the patriarchal perspective of Pakistani society on the factors of delayed marriages. The findings of the current study would enrich the overall theoretical understanding of delayed marriageability among females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Isolation of Helicobacter pylori is considered difficult because of the requirement of the additional biopsy tissue and the effort involved in the isolation of the bacterium. We investigated whether H pylori can be cultured from tissue samples used for the rapid urease test (RUT). Methods: Totally, 174 specimens from 87 patients referred for endoscopy were prospectively included. During endoscopy, two biopsy specimens were obtained, one each from the gastric antrum and the corpus, and were placed into a commercially available RUT kit. After detection of urease activity, H pylori was cultured using tissue leftover in the RUT, regardless of the result. Results: H pylori was successfully isolated using leftover tissue in 72.4% (63/87) of the patients. In 32 patients, H pylori was isolated from both specimens, while in 31 patients, it was isolated from either antrum or corpus. Eighty‐one H pylori strains were isolated from 141 specimens with positive RUT results (57.4%), whereas 14 strains were isolated from 33 specimens with negative RUT results (42.4%). The median interval between tissue acquisition and inoculation onto the isolation media was 3.6 hours (range: 0.5‐27.5 hours) in cases with successful cultures, compared to 23.5 hours (range: 0.5‐76.0 hours) in cases with failed cultures. Among the positive RUT tissues, 80.4% (45/56) were cultured successfully when the tissue was inoculated within 4 hours of the biopsy. Conclusions: RUT kits can be used as transport media for H pylori, and this media is most efficient when used within 4 hours of the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many campaigns promote the preservation and consumption of leftover food items as a critical household strategy to accomplish national consumer food waste reduction goals. We fill a gap in knowledge about the consumption and creation of leftovers in the United States by analyzing data from a pilot study in which 18 subjects tracked food selection, intake, and plate waste across all eating occasions for about one week. Subjects noted which items selected for consumption were leftovers, i.e., previously prepared but uneaten items that were stored for future consumption, and which unfinished items were saved to become leftovers. We found that 12% of items selected for consumption were leftovers while 24% of selected items that were not fully consumed were kept to become a leftover. Leftovers were most frequently vegetables, cheeses, and meats, and most frequently selected on Mondays and for lunch. Regression analyses isolate significant dining patterns with respect to leftovers, including evidence that leftovers were less likely to be fully consumed than non-leftover items, and that larger meals led to more uneaten food. This suggests that strategies to reduce meal size may be most effective in reducing food waste by limiting the creation of leftovers in the first place. Strategies to make leftovers more attractive and appealing may also reduce food waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]