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V sklopu magistrskega dela smo ovrednotili vse stroške, ki nastanejo pri siliranju koruze in transportu silaže do silosa ter ravnanju in tlačenju. Primerjali smo dva sistema siliranja z nošenim dvorednim silokombajnom Mengele SH 20 in domačimi stroji za transport in kompletno najeto uslugo siliranja s samohodnim kombajnom in prevozi ter ravnanja in tlačenja. Dokazali smo, da se v primeru, ko obračunamo amortizacijo domačih strojev in ko računamo delovno silo (strojnike), siliranje z domačimi stroji, ne izplača. Dokazali smo, da je v primeru uporabe amortiziranih strojev siliranje z domačimi stroji ugodnejše. V primeru, ko kmet nabavi nov silokombajn (v našem primeru dvoredni Mengele SH 20), nove traktorje in prikolice, oziroma ko obračuna strojnike in amortizacijo, je bolj smotrna odločitev o najemu siliranja s prevozom domov in tlačenjem. In this Master thesis, we estimate all costs incurred in ensiling maize, transporting silage to a silo and levelling and treading it. We compare two methods of ensilage: using a Mengele SH 20 mounted two-row silage harvester and own transport machinery, and using a complete ensilage service, including harvesting with a rented self-propelled silage harvester as well as transporting, levelling and treading of silage. We will show that, when depreciation of own machinery and labour costs (engineers) are taken into account, ensiling using own machinery does not pay off. Furthermore, we will show that the costs of ensiling are lower when depreciated own machinery is used. It is more sensible to use and pay for ensilage services, including transport and treading, than to purchase a new silage harvester (in our case a two-row Mengele SH 20), new tractors and trailers or hire engineers and charge depreciation expenses.

Pri prireji mleka se srečujemo z neprestanimi nihanji cen produktov v našem primeru mleka in nihanjem cen krmnih surovin, hkrati pa se soočamo z vedno ostrejšimi predpisi in zahtevami. V okolju zaostrene konkurence se morajo tudi kmetijski obrati povsem prilagoditi tržnim razmeram in konkurenci, da pa smo lahko konkurenčni, moramo proizvajati kvalitetne izdelke za najnižjo ceno. Namen diplomskega delaje predstaviti enega izmed načinov kako pripraviti najugodnejši krmni obrok za krave molznice z pokritimi potrebami. Praktično bomo prikazali dva primera obrokov in sicer enega z ročnim vnašanjem surovin in drugega z uporabo razvitega modela za optiminizacijo krmnih obrokov pri kravah molznicah. Za vrednotenje beljakovin uporabljamo presnovljive beljakovine in za vrednotenje energije pa NEL – e . Model je razvit v Excel - ovem okolju za reševanje pa uporabljamo dodatek (WB!9). There is constantly product price fluctuation - in our case milk price fluctuation - and fodder price fluctuation in milk production. At the same time we are facing with stricter regulations and demands. In intensified competition environment the agricultural plant has to adjust completely to the market conditions and to the competition. To be competitive, we have to produce quality products for lower price. The intention of the degree paper is to present one of the manners how to prepared cheapest fodder meal for dairy cows with covered needs. We will practically show two examples of meals for dairy cows. One of the examples is entering raw material by hand and the second one with using developed model for optimisation fodder meals for dairy cows. For the evaluation of proteins are used metabolic proteins and for the evaluation of energy is used NEL – e. The model is developed in Excel, for solving is used file (WB!9).

Analiza poslovanja je bila opravljena na dveh vinogradniških podjetjih. Namen magistrskega dela je bil preveriti in medsebojno primerjati poslovanje dveh podjetij v obdobju 2006 - 2010 s pomočjo analize bilanc in drugih finančnih kazalnikov ter s pomočjo Altmanovega modela za oceno finančne bonitete podjetja. V nalogi smo preverjali dve delovni hipotezi. Podatke smo si pridobili preko agencije Ajpes. S pomočjo primerjave smo ugotovili, da se nobeno podjetje po rezultatih poslovanja bistveno ne razlikuje ter da obe poslujeta z izgubo in imata približno enake kazalnike poslovanja. Business analysis was conducted on two wine producing companies. Aim of the thesis was to review and to compare operations of the companies in the period between 2006 and 2010 by financial statement analysis and other financial ratios as well as by Altman Z-score model. We reviewed two working hypotheses. Data was acquired from AJPES agency. By comparison we determined that companies operations do not differ significantly while both companies are operating with loss and have similar financial indicators.

Diplomska naloga opisuje problem slabega izkoriščanja obnovljivih virov energije. Predstavljena je ocena finančne upravičenosti investicije v izgradnjo sončne elektrarne na poslovnem objektu Kmetijske zadruge Lenart z.o.o. (v nadaljevanju KZ Lenart). Pri tem opisujemo delovanje sončnih celic, njihovo sestavo in potek načrtovanja sončne elektrarne. Predstavljena je tudi ekonomika projekta, stroški same izgradnje in njena donosnost. Prav tako je opisan smisel izvajanja projektov v izgradnjo sončnih elektrarn. Namen diplomskega dela je olajšati odločitev vodstvu podjetja KZ Lenart, pri odločanju o investiranju v sončno elektrarno. Odločitev o investiciji bo v veliki meri vplivala na dolgoročno uspešnost poslovanja podjetja. Diploma paper describes and reflects the problem of poor exploitation of renewable energy sources. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the financial justification of the investment in building of a solar energy plant on the KZ Lenart z.o.o premises. We presented the structure and ripple of solar cells and the course of planning this solar energy plant. Furthermore we presented the economics of this project, expenses of the constructing and the project lucrativeness. At the same time we establish the purpose of constructing solar energy plants in general. The aim of this paper is also to make the decision for investing in a solar plant building easier for the company KZ Lenart. This decision can substantially influence the long term financial prosperity of the company.

Namen naloge je bil proučiti ekonomsko upravičenost gradnje klavnice za predelavo perutnine na vzorčni kmetiji. Za pomoč smo v Excelu razvili tehnološko-simulacijski model za ocenjevanje investicije. Model izračunava neto sedanjo vrednost (NSV) in interno stopnjo donosnosti (ISD). Predvideli smo pet različnih scenarijev glede na prodajno ceno očiščenih in pakiranih piščancev (1,89 €, 3,00 €, 3,50 €, 4,19 €, 4,50 €). Hipotezo lahko delno potrdimo. V prvem scenariju, pri najnižji ceni perutnine 1,89 € na kilogram, investicija v predelavo perutnine ni upravičena. V ostalih štirih scenarijih pa je investicija upravičena. The aim of the diploma was the economic justification study of the construction of poultry meat processing slaughterhouse on a sampling farm. We have developed a technological-simulation model in Excel as an aid tool. The model calculates a net present value (NSV) and an internal rate of return (ISD). Based on the sales price of deboned chickens and packaged chickens (1,89 €, 3,00 €, 3,50 €, 4,19 €, 4,50 €) we have foreseen five different scenarios. The hypothesis can partially be confirmed. In the first scenario with the lowest poultry price of 1,89 EUR per kilo the investment into poultry processing is not justified. It is justified in the other four scenarios.

Toča so ledene kroglice različnih velikosti, ki nastajajo v oblakih in padajo na zemeljsko površino z različno močjo. Za oceno tveganja pri jabolkih zaradi škode od toče je bil uporabljen model drevesa odločanja po predhodnem izračunu modela kalkulacij. Namen diplomske naloge je bil predstaviti različne možnosti obrambe pred točo in negativne posledice toče. Poleg tega je bil namen tudi predvideti tveganja in finančne posledice, s katerimi se srečujemo v primeru toče. Predvsem pa je eden izmed glavnih ciljev diplomske naloge ugotoviti, kolikšna je najnižja ocenjena škoda, pri kateri je zavarovanje pridelka gospodarsko upravičeno. Hail are small ice balls different sizes which are generated in clouds and fall on the earth s'surface with different strength. For the risk assessment of apple trees due to hail damage was used the decision tree after the previsions of calculations. The purpose of the diploma thesis was to present various options of hail protection and negative consecuenes of hail. The other purpose is to provide risk and financial implications faced in caseof hail. one of the main objectives of the thesis to determine what is the lowest estimated damage at which crop insurance is economically justified.

Kmetijska proizvodnja je odvisna od številnih dejavnikov. V največji meri pa je odvisna od vremena. Cilj študije je bil ugotoviti, ali je smiselno zavarovati pridelek ob upoštevanju navedenih vhodnih parametrov v primeru pojava toče. Uporabili smo model drevesa odločanja ob upoštevanju navedenih vhodnih parametrov za oceno tveganja pri breskvah zaradi škode toče, po predhodnem izračunu modela kalkulacij. Z drevesom odločanja smo ocenili rezultate posameznega dogodka. Za oceno potrebujemo inpute in outpute ter odnose med njimi, saj se le tako čim bolj približamo dejanski situaciji v pridelavi. Namen diplomske naloge je bil oceniti alternative upravljanja s tveganjem zaradi toče, oziroma s pomočjo modela oceniti ekonomsko upravičenost proizvodnje breskev. Ocenili smo stroške, s katerimi se srečamo v pridelavi breskev, ob upoštevanju škode s strani toče. S kalkulacijami smo ugotovili, kolikšna je najnižja ocenjena škoda, pri kateri je zavarovanje pridelka gospodarsko upravičeno. Na podlagi izračunov pričakovane vrednosti lahko trdimo, da je pričakovana vrednost prvega scenarija višja ob varianti brez zavarovanja, in sicer kljub 50 % subvencioniranju države. Pri drugem do petem scenariju (območja z večjo ogroženostjo zaradi toče) pa je pričakovana vrednost višja ob varianti z zavarovanjem. Tako lahko smatramo, da je zavarovanje pridelka na območjih z večjo ogroženostjo ekonomsko upravičeno. Agricultural production depends on many factors. The greatest extent depends on the weather. The aim of the study was to determine whether it makes sense to protect the crop having regard to their input parameters and the occurrence of hail. We used a decision tree model taking into account the above input parameters for risk assessment peaches hail damage, if pre-calculation of model calculations. The decision tree, we assessed the results of each event. To assess the need for inputs and outputs, and relations between them, in order to be as close as possible the actual situation in production. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate risk management alternatives due to hail, or through the model to assess the economic viability of production of peaches. We estimated the costs faced by the production of peaches, subject to damage by hail. The calculations we found, what is the lowest estimated damage, in which crop insurance is economically justified. Based on calculations of expected values can be argued that the expected value of the first scenario above the variant without insurance, despite the 50% subsidization of the state. In the second to the fifth scenario (areas with a higher risk due to hail), the expected value of the variant with higher insurance. So, we believe that the crop insurance in areas with high risk economically justified.

Cilj raziskave je, s pomočjo »Cost – Benefit« analize razčleniti finančno upravičenost Oskrbno odkupnega centra Benedikt. V ta namen je bil v programu Microsoft Excel 2003 razvit simulacijski model za finančno analizo. Ocena finančne upravičenosti kaže, da ob predpostavljenih pogojih (LDT = 20.336,56 €, ISD = 8 % in predvideno obdobje povratka = 7 let) investicija v Oskrbno odkupni center Benedikt ni upravičena (NSV = - 411.213,82 €). Ocene kazalnikov finančne analize za oskrbno odkupni center kažejo, da se bi investicija sicer povrnila v obdobju 34 let, če bi se LDT povečal na obseg 61.009,68 €. The aim of the research is to analyze the financial viability of Supply purchasing center Benedikt with "Cost - Benefit" analysis. To this end, the simulation model was developed for financial analysis in Microsoft Excel 2003. Assessment of the viability indicates that the assumed conditions (ACF = 20,336.56 €, IRR = 8 % and a return period = 7 years) investment in the Supply purchasing center Benedikt is not justified (NPV = - 411.213,82 €). Estimates of indicators of financial analysis for Supply purchasing center show that the return on investment for a period of 34 years, if the increased annual cahser flow in the range 61,009.68 €.

Hmelj (Humulus lupulus L.) je ključna surovina v pivovarstvu, saj značilno vpliva na organoleptične lastnosti piva, vključno z okusom in aromo. Grenčice hmelja (alfa-kisline) so že vrsto let eden najpomembnejših parametrov kakovosti in s tem tržne vrednosti hmeljskih proizvodov v vseh državah pridelovalkah. Zgodnje napovedi vsebnosti alfa-kislin v storžkih slovenskih kultivarjev hmelja, so zato ključnega pomena tako za hmeljarje, kot tudi za trgovce s hmeljem. V pomoč slovenskim ekspertom pri ocenah letnega pridelka alfa-kislin smo zgradili modele za zgodnje napovedi vsebnosti alfa-kislin treh pomembnejših kultivarjev, ki jih gojimo v Sloveniji. Vsi trije kultivarji (Aurora, Savinjski golding in Bobek) se precej enotno odzivajo na meteorološke vplive v istem časovnem obdobju. V raziskavi so s podatki in izkušnjami sodelovali tudi raziskovalci Inštituta za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije v Žalcu. Analiza meteoroloških vplivov na območjih pridelave hmelja v Sloveniji je pokazala, da imajo močan vpliv na vsebnost alfa-kislin slovenskih kultivarjev predvsem nadpovprečno visoke temperature v obdobju nastajanja generativnih organov (r = –0,95, p < 0,001), padavine pa že v času intenzivne rasti hmeljne rastline (r = 0,94, p < 0,001), pri tem pa vpliv padavin ni linearen. Izračunali smo koeficient med logaritmirano vrednostjo skupne količine padavin od 21. maja do 22. julija in temperaturno vsoto od 18. junija do 22. julija. Soodvisnost med koeficientom (kTD) in vsebnostjo alfa-kislin modelnega kultivarja Virtual je močna (r = –0,94, p < 0,001) in statistično značilna. Precej enoten odziv kultivarjev Aurora, Savinjski golding in Bobek nam je omogočil gradnjo univerzalnega modela s pomočjo navideznega kultivarja Virtual in neodvisnih spremenljivk skupne količine padavin, temperaturnih vsot in teoretične potrebe po vodi za hmeljno rastlino. Za preliminarno napoved vsebnosti alfa-kislin v hmelju smo razvili univerzalni model G2G2DSMO, ki ga sestavljata dva modela z različnim vplivom. Oba modela sta zgrajena z atributom temperaturnih vsot v časovnem intervalu med 18. junijem in 21. julijem (T2529). Model G2SMO vsebuje še neodvisno spremenljivko skupne količine padavin za obdobje od 21. maja do 21. julija (D2129), model G2DSMO pa neodvisno spremenljivko teoretične potrebe po vodi v istem časovnem obdobju (Dd2129). Vpliv modela G2SMO na amalgamiran model G2G2DSMO je 60 %, s 40 % pa vpliva model G2DSMO. Povprečen model G2G2DSMO je dovolj natančen in robusten. Vrednost DW d-statistike = 1,91 dokazuje, da v modelu avtokorelacija ni prisotna. Model, ki smo ga v raziskavi razvili je v funkcijski obliki zapisan: G2G2DSMO = 14,025 – 13,46.10-3 T2529 + 2,92.10-3 Dd2129 + 3,72.10-3.D2129. S pomočjo značilnih konstant kultivarjev Aurora = 1,45, Savinjski_golding = 0,62 in Bobek = 0,92, ki smo jih izračunali, smo dobili napovedi vsebnosti alfa-kislin za posamezne kultivarje prve skupine. Vrednosti napovedanih odvisnih spremenljivk (Ki) so močno korelirane (rVirtual = 0,95, rAurora = 0,93, rSavinjski golding = 0,92, rBobek = 0,90) z njihovimi pravimi vrednostmi (Ci), ki so bile določene s kemijskimi analizami. Vse korelacije so statistično značilne pri stopnji tveganja manjši od 0,1 %. Model, ki smo ga v nalogi razvili, bo lahko služil kot osnova za nadaljevanje dela v smeri izgradnje ekspertnega sistema za zgodnje ocene vsebnosti alfa-kislin v hmelju. V prihod-nosti bo možno vključiti v model še nove kultivarje hmelja, pri čemer bo potrebno dodatno izračunati njihove modelne konstante. Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are vital for the brewing industry, as they contribute significantly to the organoleptic qualities of beer, including taste and flavor. Bitter substances in hops (alpha-acids) are already many years one of the most important quality parameters and the market value of the hop products in all producing countries. Early forecasts of alpha-acid contents in hop cones of the Slovenian varieties are therefore vital for both the hop growers, as well as for the merchants with hops. To help the Slovenian experts in estimates of annual yield of alpha-acids, we built models for early prediction of alpha-acid contents of three major cultivars grown in Slovenia. All three cultivars (Aurora, Savinjski golding and Bobek) are fairly uniform in response to meteorological influences in the same time period. The expertise and data from the staff of the Slovenian institute for hop research and brewing in Žalec are appreciated. Analysis of meteorological effects in hop production areas in Slovenia demonstrated that above-average high temperatures during a formation of generative organs (r = –0.95, p < 0.001), have mostly a strong influence on the alpha-acids of Slovenian varieties while rainfall at the time of intensive growth of the hop plant (r = 0.94, p < 0.001), with the effect of rainfall is not linear. We calculated the ratio between the logarithm value of total rainfall from 21st May to 22nd July and the temperature sum from 18th June to 22nd July. An interdependence between the coefficient (kTD) and the alpha-acid content of the model cultivar Virtual is strong (r = –0.94, p < 0.001) and statistically significant. Considerably uniform response of varieties Aurora, Savinjski golding and Bobek has allowed us to build a universal model through virtual cultivar Virtual and independent variables such as the total amount of precipitation, temperature sums and theoretical water demand for a hop plant. For a preliminary assessment of alpha-acids in hops we developed an universal model G2G2DSMO, which consists of two models with different influences. Both models are built with attribute temperature sums in the time interval between 18th June and 21st July (T2529). In addition, the model G2SMO contains the independent variable the total rainfall for the period from 21st May to 21st July (D2129), and the model G2DSMO an independent variable of theoretical water demand over the same time period (Dd2129). The impact of the model G2SMO on the model G2G2DSMO is 60%, while to 40% of the impact is related to the model G2DSMO. The average model G2G2DSMO is sufficiently precise and robust. The value of the DW d-statistics = 1.91 points out that the autocorrelation is not present in the model. The model we developed in this research is written in a functional form: G2G2DSMO = 14.025 – 13.46.10-3 T2529 + 2.92.10-3 Dd2129 + 3,72.10-3.D2129. With the help of characteristic hop variety constants that we calculated such as Aurora = 1.45, Savinjski_golding = 0.62 and Bobek = 0.92, we got the forecast levels of alpha-acids for the individual cultivars of the first group. Predicted values of dependent variables (Ki) are highly correlated (rVirtual = 0.95, rAurora = 0.93, rSavinjski golding = 0.92, rBobek = 0.90) with their true values (Ci), which were determined by chemical analysis. All correlations are statistically significant at the level of risk being less than 0.1%. The model that we developed in this research can serve as a basis for continued work toward building an expert system for early assessment of alpha-acids in hops. In the future, additional new hop varieties can be incorporated into the model, where only additional constants of those cultivars will need to be calculated.

Ena od značilnosti 21. stoletja je, da vsak dan raste povpraševanje po zdravem in okolju prijazno pridelanem sadju, ki ne vsebuje ostankov fitofarmacevtskih sredstev. Ker take pridelke ponuja le ekološko pridelovanje, povpraševanje močno presega ponudbo. Če želijo slovenski kmetje zadovoljiti potrebe domačega trga in s svojo ponudbo konkurirati tudi na tujih trgih, je treba prenoviti sistem integrirane pridelave sadja, ki zdaj prevladuje pri pridelovalcih sadja. Sistem 0,0 MLR (minimalna stopnja ostankov) pomeni približevanje metod integrirane pridelave (IP) ekološki pridelavi sadja (EKO) tako, da se EKO preverjene metode, ki so uporabne v intenzivni proizvodnji, integrirajo v shemo IP. V diplomski nalogi bomo na osnovi poskusov in znanih podatkov poskušali ugotoviti, ali je sistem 0,0 MLR v primerjavi s sistemom IP ekonomsko upravičen. In the 21st century there is a growing demand for healthy and environmentally friendly organic fruit every day, which also does not contain pesticide residues. As these crops can only be grown organically, a problem arises whereby demand is far in excess of supply. If the Slovenian farmers want to meet market needs and compete with the offers in foreign markets, it would be necessary to recast the existing system of integrated production of the fruit, which is currently used by the majority of fruit growers. The 0.0 MLR system represents the convergence of integrated production methods (IP) to organic fruit production (ECO) in a way that the ECO tested methods, which are capable of intense production, are integrated into the existing IP scheme. In this thesis I will use information based on trials and other known data, to attempt to determine if the 0.0 MLR system compares to the IP system in a way that is economically viable.

V letu 2008 so bili narejeni štirje poskusi na lokacijah: UKC FKBV Maribor pri sorti Jonagold, Sadjarstvu Mirosan pri sorti Elstar, Sadjarstvu Blanca pri sorti Idared ter v Sadjarskem centru Gačnik pri sorti Zlati delišes, kjer so izvedli sistem običajne integrirane pridelave sadja (OIPS) in "zero residue level IPS-0,0 RL". Glavna razlika med obema sistemoma pridelave je bila samo v sestavi škropilnega programa za zatiranje bolezni in škodljivcev. Namen diplomskega dela je analiza ekonomske upravičenosti pridelave sadja po sistemu "0,0 RL" v primerjavi z običajno integrirano pridelavo. Analiza je bila izdelana z metodo modelnih kalkulacij, za katere smo uporabili konkretne podatke iz poskusa. Rezultati ekonomske analize kažejo, da je pridelava sadja po sistemu "0,0 RL" ekonomsko upravičena. In 2008, four tests were carried out at the following locations: UKC-FKBV Maribor for the apple variety Jonagold, the fruit growing plant Sadjarstvo Mirosan for the apple variety Elstar, the fruit growing plant Sadjarstvo Blanca for the apple variety Idared, and the fruit growing plant Sadjarski center Gačnik for the apple variety Zlati delišes, where the system of integrated fruit production (IFP) and the »zero residue level IPS-0,0 RL« system were carried out. The main difference between the two systems of fruit production is the structure of the spraying program for the extermination of diseases and pests. The goal of my diploma paper was to analyze the economic viability of fruit production according to the “0,0 RL” system in comparison with regular integrated production. The analysis is based on the method of model calculations by means of specific data from the tests. The results of the economical analysis show that the fruit production according to the “0,0 RL” system is economically viable.