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Purpose: The objective of this work was to describe different presentations of peritoneal tuberculosis on ultrasound. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between 2008 and 2016 at the Main Hospital in Dakar, and including 38 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis. The tests were performed on Philips Envisor and Hitachi Preirus with 10 and 12 MHz linear transducers. The mean age was 26 years and the sex ratio was 0.8. The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis was based on histological evidence (17 cases), isolation of BK from sputum (5 cases), positive adenosine deaminase in ascites fluid (4 cases) or a favorable clinical course after trial antituberculosis treatment (4 cases). The structures studied were the parietal peritoneum, the mesentery, the large omentum, as well as the characteristics of ascites, and extra-peritoneal lesions. Results: Parietal peritoneal involvement was found in 89.4% of patients, including regular diffuse hypoechoic thickening in 70.5% and nodular thickening in 11.7%. Ascites was present in 84.2% of patients. The great omentum showed anomalies in 73.6% of cases in relation to 3 aspects: trilamellar thickening made up of a thick, hyperechoic central layer surrounded by 2 thin peripheral hypoechoic layers in 46.4% of cases; a single-layer hyperechoic thickening in 21.4% of cases; heterogeneous hyperechogenic thickening with hypoechoic nodules in 32.1% of cases. Mesentery abnormalities were noted in 63.1% of patients with hypoechoic thickening. Conclusion: Ultrasound with the advantage of safety and accessibility is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. In some cases, it allows for a guided percutaneous biopsy to avoid the use of laparoscopy. Purpose: The objective of this work was to describe different presentations of peritoneal tuberculosis on ultrasound. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between 2008 and 2016 at the Main Hospital in Dakar, and including 38 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis. The tests were performed on Philips Envisor and Hitachi Preirus with 10 and 12 MHz linear transducers. The mean age was 26 years and the sex ratio was 0.8. The diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis was based on histological evidence (17 cases), isolation of BK from sputum (5 cases), positive adenosine deaminase in ascites fluid (4 cases) or a favorable clinical course after trial antituberculosis treatment (4 cases). The structures studied were the parietal peritoneum, the mesentery, the large omentum, as well as the characteristics of ascites, and extra-peritoneal lesions. Results: Parietal peritoneal involvement was found in 89.4% of patients, including regular diffuse hypoechoic thickening in 70.5% and nodular thickening in 11.7%. Ascites was present in 84.2% of patients. The great omentum showed anomalies in 73.6% of cases in relation to 3 aspects: trilamellar thickening made up of a thick, hyperechoic central layer surrounded by 2 thin peripheral hypoechoic layers in 46.4% of cases; a single-layer hyperechoic thickening in 21.4% of cases; heterogeneous hyperechogenic thickening with hypoechoic nodules in 32.1% of cases. Mesentery abnormalities were noted in 63.1% of patients with hypoechoic thickening. Conclusion: Ultrasound with the advantage of safety and accessibility is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. In some cases, it allows for a guided percutaneous biopsy to avoid the use of laparoscopy.

While investigating a signal of adaptive evolution in humans at the gene LARGE, we encountered an intriguing finding by Dr. Stefan Kunz that the gene plays a critical role in Lassa virus binding and entry. This led us to pursue field work to test our hypothesis that natural selection acting on LARGE—detected in the Yoruba population of Nigeria—conferred resistance to Lassa Fever in some West African populations. As we delved further, we conjectured that the “emerging” nature of recently discovered diseases like Lassa fever is related to a newfound capacity for detection, rather than a novel viral presence, and that humans have in fact been exposed to the viruses that cause such diseases for much longer than previously suspected. Dr. Stefan Kunz’s critical efforts not only laid the groundwork for this discovery, but also inspired and catalyzed a series of events that birthed Sentinel, an ambitious and large-scale pandemic prevention effort in West Africa. Sentinel aims to detect and characterize deadly pathogens before they spread across the globe, through implementation of its three fundamental pillars: Detect, Connect, and Empower. More specifically, Sentinel is designed to detect known and novel infections rapidly, connect and share information in real time to identify emerging threats, and empower the public health community to improve pandemic preparedness and response anywhere in the world. We are proud to dedicate this work to Stefan Kunz, and eagerly invite new collaborators, experts, and others to join us in our efforts.

Resume Une occlusion est dite a anse fermee lorsqu’un segment digestif est occlus en deux points contigus. Le diagnostic repose sur la presence de zones de transition multiples contigues. Le segment incarcere presente une configuration en « U » ou en « C », ou une disposition radiaire vers le site d’obstruction. Il est extremement important d’etablir le type d’obstruction, car chez les patients avec une obstruction mecanique simple, une approche conservatrice est acceptable. A l’oppose, une occlusion a anse fermee doit beneficier d’emblee d’une chirurgie en raison d’une morbi-mortalite elevee en cas de retard de prise en charge.

The primary pulmonary lymphoma is a rare disease, representing 0.5 to 1% of the malignant lung tumors. In our countries, in spite of the increasing prevalence of the pulmonary tumors, aggravated by smoking and environmental factors, any case report of the primary pulmonary lymphoma is notified. We report a confirmed case of MALT lung lymphoma that is managed in our hospital. Mr. S.B., 68-year-old man, not smoking, without particular professional exhibition, is admitted for a chronic cough with blood-streaked sputum, dyspnea, chest pain and loss of weight. His symptomatology is evolving for 4months. In the examination, the general health was passable and he presented a pulmonary condensation syndrome at right. The physical examination of others systems was normal. There was a biological inflammatory syndrome. The bacteriological examinations of the bronchial expectorations were negative. The chest CT showed bilateral alveolar opacities at the upper, with attraction of the fissures, without nodes. The bronchoscopy showed anomalies of the bronchial mucous membrane in 2 superior lobes. The perendoscopiques biopsies confirmed a MALT lung lymphoma. We did not find other localizations. Chemotherapy was proposed to our patient with favorable evolution. The MALT primary lung lymphoma must not be underestimated. Clinical manifestations and radiological characteristics are no specific and it's necessary to eliminate a lung cancer or tuberculosis in our countries. The difficulties of their diagnostic are intensified by the not availability of an adequate technical tray.

Le nodule de Sœur-Marie-Joseph est une metastase cutanee ombilicale d’un cancer profond. Les auteurs rapportent l’observation d’une telle lesion chez une Senegalaise de 68 ans. Ce nodule, associe a des metastases hepatiques et peritoneales probables, etait secondaire a un adenocarcinome du colon transverse. L’evolution chez cette patiente etait defavorable. Il s’agit d’une manifestation clinique rare. L’anatomopathologie, apres la ponction a l’aiguille fine de la biopsie, en apporte la certitude diagnostique. Son pronostic est en general pejoratif malgre des moyennes de plus en plus importantes grâce aux progres therapeutiques.

Resume Les localisations osseuses de la tuberculose sont dominees par le mal de Pott, mais des atteintes peripheriques restent possibles au niveau du poignet, du femur, du pied ou de l’epaule, comme dans notre observation. Du fait d’une presentation clinique volontiers aspecifique et indolente, le diagnostic et la mise sous traitement antituberculeux sont tardifs et ne permettent pas de prevenir des atteintes osteolytiques irreversibles.

We developed microsatellite to investigate genetic diversity of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Bindura bamboo) a bamboo species endemic to Senegal. Using the microsatellite-enriched library method, we identified 14 primer pairs. The primers amplified 10 di-nucleotide repeats and 4 composite motifs, the number of alleles ranged from 5 to 28 with an average of 11.9. The results indicate that these primer pairs offer an appropriate amount of variation to address issues of germplasm characterization, patterns of gene flow and conservation studies. Cross amplification has been tested in other bamboo species.

Encapsulating peritonitis or "abdominal cocoon" is characterised by part or all of the digestive tube being encased in a thick membrane forming a sort of "cocoon". In addition to secondary forms related to peritoneal dialysis or those with drug related, inflammatory or tumour aetiologies, rare idiopathic forms have been described. We report here a case of an idiopathic form in a 15-year-old adolescent girl.

Introduction Flory avait presente en 1965 une affection rhumatismale qui ne pouvait etre classee dans aucune rubrique recensee. Au fil des annees, 11 autres cas d’oligoarthrites a liquide synovial lymphocytaire etaient rapportes. Aucun de ces patients ne repondait aux criteres d’affections identifiees mais ils avaient suffisamment de caracteres communs pour etre rassembles sous un meme vocable. Avec l’accord du premier patient l’appellation syndrome de Flory fut retenue par Bernard Amor 35 ans apres. L’observation qui suit, partage parfaitement les caracteres de ce syndrome original qui d’un excellent pronostic. Observation Monsieur A.T., 27 ans presentait depuis 4 ans une oligoarthrite asymetrique evoluant par poussees, durant 10 jours, entrecoupees de remissions tous les 4 a 6 mois et touchant inconstamment un coude, un genou, un poignet, une cheville. Devant un tableau d’arthrite le liquide synovial du genou ponctionne montrait un liquide citrin inflammatoire avec 2200 elements, 10 % de polynucleaires, 65 % de lymphocytes, 25 % de monocytes sans cristaux d’urate de sodium ou de pyrophosphate de calcium. Le profil cytologique du liquide articulaire etait constant apres 2 ponctions exploratrices. L’examen direct negatif et la culture sterile ont permis d’eliminer une tuberculose d’autant que l’anatomopathologie, apres biopsie synoviale, objectivait un infiltrat inflammatoire dense essentiellement constitue de nombreux lymphocytes et plasmocytes. L’IDR a la tuberculine et la serologie VIH etaient negatives. A la radiographie osteoarticulaire, il n’y avait aucune anomalie structurale. L’IRM des genoux confirmait l’epanchement liquidien. Le syndrome inflammatoire biologique etait inconstant. Le facteur rhumatoide, les anticorps antinucleaires, anti CCP, anti-ADN natifs, anti-ENA, Ag HLA B27 etais tous negatifs. Le patient avait beneficie de plusieurs traitements par AINS associes aux antalgiques usuels. Les arthrites des genoux etaient traitees par synoviorthese a l’hexatrione seule suivi d’un assechement satisfaisant depuis 6 mois. Conclusion Les similitudes de ce cas les descriptions anterieures, justifient sa denomination. Les criteres retenus par defaut, pour extraire ces oligoarthrites lymphocytaires du groupe equivoque des rhumatismes « inclasses » pour les reunir dans un syndrome original sont : la mono- ou oligoarthrite ; l’evolution par poussees entrecoupees de remissions ; le jeune âge de debut ; l’absence de lesion articulaire radiologique quelle que soit la duree d’evolution ; l’inefficacite des traitements de fond dit classiques ; l’excellente efficacite de la synoviorthese ; le liquide synovial inflammatoire a predominance lymphocytaire tout au long de l’evolution. Arlet (1959) et Utsinger (1980) avaient rapporte de pareilles observations sans proposer de denomination. A ce jour aucune autre affection rhumatismale n’a un profil comparable.

Introduction La maladie de Freiberg-Koehler (MFK) est une osteonecrose primitive juvenile de la tete distale du 1 er ou 2 e metatarsien. Les autres metatarsiens sont rarement atteints avec une predominance feminine et a la 2 e decade. Les auteurs rapportent ici une observation de MFK chez une patiente de 23 ans. Observation Une patiente presente une douleur localisee de l’avant pied droit en regard de l’extremite du 1 er metatarsien, associee a une gene a la marche d’apparition progressive, le tout evoluant depuis 6 mois sans notion traumatique evidente. Une douleur a la marche, une gene au chaussage ainsi qu’une raideur etaient notees. L’examen objectivait une inflammatoire local avec tumefaction du dos du pied, douloureuse a la pression et epanchement intra-articulaire de la 1 er metatarso-phalangienne. La radiographie montrait un elargissement de l’interligne articulaire, une zone de necrose osseuse avec un aplatissement de la tete sans trait de fracture visible. Cet aspect de tassement progressif avec modification du contour qui correspond au stade 3 de la classification de Smillie pose le diagnostic, qui est radiologique, de la MFK. La patiente ne presentait aucune anomalie biologique et a beneficie d’un traitement orthopedique par mise au repos et antalgique, l’evolution est favorable a 18 mois. Discussion Decrite en 1914, la MFK etait consideree comme consequence de microtraumatismes repetes. Treize ans plus tard, Freiberg ecarte la theorie traumatique au profit d’hypotheses comme l’osteochondrite juvenile. Le 2 e metatarsien est la localisation classique de la MFK. Le diagnostic repose sur la clinique et la radiographie standard (face, profil en charge, trois quarts et incidence de Guntz) La scintigraphie et l’IRM visualisent les lesions infra-radiologiques. Le traitement est polymorphe allant des mesures hygieno-dietetiques jusqu’a la chirurgie par debridement resection de tete ou osteotomie en passant par les antalgiques, AINS et les ortheses plantaires. Conclusion La MFK est rare mais constitue la 4 e osteonecrose articulaire primitive apres celle de la tete femorale, du condyle interne et de la tete humerale, donc merite d’etre mieux connue.

Objectifs Decrire les aspects echographiques de la tuberculose peritoneale. Materiels et methodes Echographie abdominale systematique realisee chez des patients tuberculeux dans le cadre du bilan de dissemination. Patients recus pour syndrome peritoneal en dehors de toute atteinte pulmonaire. Examen des visceres pleins et du peritoine par une sonde lineaire superficielle de 7,5 MHz. Resultats En dehors de la classique ascite exsudative, trois aspects sont quasi-pathognomoniques de tuberculose peritoneale : epaississement hypoechogene homogene et regulier du peritoine mieux visible s’il est associe a une lame d’ascite ; epaississement tri-lamellaire avec une epaisse couche hyperechogene cernee sur ses deux faces par une couche moins epaisse hypoechogene comparable a celle deja decrite ; un epaississement nodulaire discontinu. Conclusion L’echographie realisee selon une technique rigoureuse avec l’avantage de l’innocuite et de l’accessibilite est une technique fiable pour le diagnostic de tuberculose peritoneale, surtout dans ses formes atypiques devant permettre d’eviter la laparoscopie et les interventions inutiles.