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A patent has been issued for the use of nicotinamide riboside in treating or preventing liver damage by Elysium Health Inc. The patent outlines methods and compositions for improving liver health by administering compounds such as nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene. These compounds are aimed at treating conditions like fatty liver, liver damage from various causes, and reducing serum levels of transaminases. The patent provides specific dosages and administration methods for these compositions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, have conducted a study on nitrogenous group transferases, focusing on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS). The deficiency of Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (Gfpt1) in skeletal muscle was found to result in reduced glycosylation of the delta subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChRd). This research sheds light on the impact of Gfpt1 deficiency on glycosylation and the stability of key proteins at the NMJ. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Tianjin University of Technology have developed a dual-potential electrochemiluminescence sensor for detecting Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) activity, crucial for assessing liver function. The study utilized a paper-based electrode modified with AgNPs/N, S-GQDs to measure GPT levels indirectly through NADH detection. The research demonstrated a strong linear correlation between GPT activity and ECL intensity, offering a wide detection range and low limits for GPT detection, with potential applications in liver function-related diseases. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a pilot human study on the Aqua Medical Circumferential RF Vapor Ablation System for Duodenal Mucosal Ablation in patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. The study aims to determine the safety and effectiveness of RFVA in eliminating the need for insulin therapy among patients with stable doses of insulin. The trial is currently recruiting participants and is set to be completed by July 31, 2025. The study includes detailed eligibility criteria and outcome measures related to insulin reduction, glucose levels, liver function, and other health parameters. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the structural insights and rational design of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 Omega transaminases for enhanced biotransformation of (R)-Phenylacetylcarbinol to (1R, 2S)-Norephedrine. The study focuses on developing engineered enzymes for industrial uses, specifically in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates. By studying the active site architecture of wild-type omega-TAs and conducting enzyme assays, researchers identified key mutations that reduced co-factor dependency and enhanced co-factor affinity, potentially leading to more efficient asymmetric synthesis for large-scale industrial biotransformation. The preprint has not been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights for further research in biochemistry and enzyme engineering. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have made new discoveries about tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which are used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study found that a protein called branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) plays a crucial role in mediating resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKIs. BCAT1 promotes glycolysis, a metabolic process that enhances tumor progression. The findings suggest that BCAT1 could be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of TKI-resistant NSCLC. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Synthesis Of Btk Inhibitor And Intermediates Thereof" has been published online by the US Patent and Trademark Office. The inventors are a group of individuals affiliated with Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC. The patent application describes a process for synthesizing Compound A, a potential treatment for various diseases and disorders. The process outlined in the patent application offers a more efficient and sustainable route for producing Compound A and its intermediates. The patent application provides detailed steps and conditions for the synthesis process. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at King Saud University explored the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The study found that the expression levels of miR-122 and miR-486 were strongly correlated with physical activity, pain perception, and muscle fatigue biomarkers in HCV-infected patients. These miRNAs were also associated with disease severity and oxidative stress, but not with viral load or HCV-RNA expression. The results suggest that miRNAs may impact disease progression and symptoms through host factors rather than directly affecting viral replication, and they could serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCV infection. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at the Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCCS) in Rome, Italy, has found that minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) may result in less hepatic injury compared to open hepatectomy. The study compared patients who underwent MILS with those who had open liver resections and measured postoperative serum ALT levels, which are used to detect liver tissue damage. The results showed that MILS was associated with significantly lower ALT levels and had a protective effect against high postoperative peak transaminase (PPT) levels. This research provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of MILS in liver resection procedures. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Beni-Suef University in Egypt explored the effectiveness of combining nigella sativa and manuka honey, or manuka honey alone, with conventional therapy in managing iron overload in pediatric b-thalassemia major patients. The study involved 165 patients and found that the combination of nigella sativa and manuka honey was more effective in reducing serum ferritin and iron levels, as well as improving other clinical parameters, compared to manuka honey alone or conventional treatment alone. These findings suggest that nigella sativa and manuka honey may be beneficial in treating iron overload in this patient population. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan, China, has identified a novel prognostic index for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The study examined the aspartate transaminase-to-albumin ratio (ATAR) as a potential predictor of outcomes in SCLC patients. The researchers found that elevated ATAR levels were associated with lower overall survival rates in SCLC patients. The study suggests that ATAR could be used as an independent predictor of SCLC patients' prognosis before treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research discusses the findings of a study on acute lung injury caused by gut ischemia/reperfusion. The researchers focused on the role of cold-inducible ribonucleic acid-binding protein (CIRP) in exacerbating inflammation and sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of an engineered polyadenylation tail called A12 in mitigating this injury. The study involved treating mice with A12 and assessing various markers of lung injury and inflammation. The results showed that A12 treatment significantly reduced inflammation, tissue injury, and cell death in the lungs, and improved survival rates in the mice. The researchers concluded that targeting extracellular CIRP with A12 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Hangzhou Xixi Hospital in China explored the relationship between electrocardiogram (ECG) results and serum protein, transaminase, and chest CT findings in male AIDS patients. The study found that 61.48% of the 122 male AIDS patients had abnormal ECGs. Decreased albumin levels were associated with a higher prevalence of tachyarrhythmia, and elevated transaminase levels were linked to a higher incidence of tachyarrhythmia. Additionally, pulmonary inflammation was found in 48.36% of patients, and tachyarrhythmia was more prevalent in this group. The researchers concluded that ECG monitoring can provide valuable guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study investigated the incidence of liver toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment. The study found that 20% of NSCLC patients experienced elevated liver transaminases, with 10% developing ICI-related hepatitis. The study also identified a clinical risk factor, the pre-treatment ratio of serum protein (SP) to total bilirubin (TB), which was associated with elevated transaminases in NSCLC patients. However, this association was not confirmed in melanoma patients, highlighting the need for tailored predictive scores for immune-related adverse events in different patient cohorts. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Keio University School of Medicine in Tokyo, Japan, examined the impact of frailty on the recovery of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery using blood biomarkers. The study included 153 ASD patients who underwent corrective spine surgery and reached a two-year follow-up. The results showed that frailty affected the levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and transaminase differently after surgery. The findings suggest that frailty is characterized by increased inflammation and that these physiological differences persist. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Budapest University of Technology and Economics have made new findings in the area of antipsychotics, specifically focusing on cariprazine therapy for bipolar I disorder. The researchers investigated the production of trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines using transaminases, which resulted in highly diastereopure trans-amines. This process allows for the enhancement of industrial cariprazine synthesis. The study provides valuable insights into the development of antipsychotic drugs and their potential applications in treating mental health disorders. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Transaminase Mutants And Uses Thereof" has been submitted by inventors from China and the United States. The application aims to address the challenge of synthesizing large sterically hindered chiral amine compounds, which are important in drug and ligand synthesis. The inventors propose transaminase mutants as a solution, which can catalyze the synthesis of these compounds. The patent application provides detailed information on the specific mutations and amino acid sequences involved. Further information can be found in the full patent document. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of North Carolina conducted a study to determine the prognostic role of the aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI) on outcomes following non-emergent minor hepatectomy. The study analyzed data from patients who underwent minor hepatectomy between 2014 and 2021, excluding those with viral hepatitis or ascites, as well as those who underwent emergent operations or biliary reconstruction. The results showed that an APRI value of 0.7 or higher was associated with perioperative transfusion, overall morbidity, and 30-day mortality. The researchers concluded that APRI could be used as a noninvasive tool to risk stratify patients before elective minor hepatectomy. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from medrxiv.org discusses the impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on transaminase elevations in pediatric patients. The study conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric SARS-CoV2 patients in New York City and found that younger patients and those with higher levels of care had an increased risk of transaminase elevation. The study also noted a shift towards non-specific AST elevation with variant windows and a signal of vaccine protection. However, due to low vaccination rates, the significance of vaccine efficacy could not be determined. This preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Amylyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. for methods and compositions for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a progressive motor neuron disease that causes muscle weakness and paralysis. Current treatment options focus on symptom management, but there is a need for improved therapies. The patent describes a method of administering a composition containing Taurursodiol (TURSO) and sodium phenylbutyrate to ALS patients who have received a first dosage of cyclosporine, with the second dosage being lower. The invention aims to provide a treatment option that allows for the administration of multiple drugs without adverse effects. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06311214, that is evaluating the effectiveness of biomarker-directed treatment with three antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in patients with solid tumor cancers. The trial focuses on patients with high expression of specific proteins and aims to determine if personalized treatment with these ADCs can effectively treat advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Precision medicine is being utilized in this trial. The article also provides detailed information about a Phase 2 interventional study called ADC MATCH, which aims to evaluate the response of patients with advanced/metastatic solid tumors to targeted ADCs. The study involves screening steps to determine protein expression and assigns patients to different treatment cohorts. The article further provides information about a clinical trial for the treatment of solid tumors using trastuzumab deruxtecan, as well as exclusion criteria for a clinical study involving different cohorts of patients with various types of cancer. The document includes administrative information about the studies as well. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for compounds and methods that reduce the expression of PNPLA3, a protein associated with liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The application aims to treat, prevent, or ameliorate liver diseases by inhibiting PNPLA3 expression. The compounds and compositions described in the application are potentially more potent and have greater therapeutic value than previously disclosed compounds. The patent application provides a formula for the compound and includes claims for methods of treatment and inhibition of PNPLA3 expression. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the association between serum aspartate transaminase (sAST) levels and cancer prognosis, metabolism, and immune signatures. The study used public gene expression data to analyze the expression of genes encoding AST isoenzymes and their association with disease prognosis and immune infiltration signatures across multiple tumors. The researchers found that AST isoforms are upregulated in certain tumors, such as breast and lung, but downregulated in others, such as liver and colon. Additionally, the study identified protein-protein interactions between AST and cancer-associated proteins, as well as enrichments in AST interactomes for proteins associated with specific diseases, miRNAs, and transcription factors. The findings suggest that AST levels reflect pathophysiological changes beyond tissue damage and have implications for cancer metabolism, immune infiltration, prognosis, and treatment personalization. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Colorado discusses the benefits and challenges of mass screening for celiac disease. The research highlights that relying on symptoms alone for diagnosis often leads to delayed or missed diagnoses, as many individuals with celiac disease are asymptomatic or have unrecognized symptoms. Mass screening has been shown to improve detection rates and lead to improved health outcomes, including improved nutrition, growth, bone health, and quality of life. However, more research is needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of mass screening and its impact on long-term complications and dietary adherence. Patient perspectives on mass screening are generally positive, but cultural and systemic differences may influence these views. Overall, mass screening for celiac disease has the potential to improve diagnosis rates and health outcomes, particularly in underserved populations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou, China, explored noninvasive models for assessing liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who have normal or mildly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. The researchers analyzed data from 559 patients with hepatitis B virus infection who underwent liver biopsy and identified three models that performed well in evaluating liver histology. The APGA model showed superior ability in assessing fibrosis and inflammation and consistently outperformed other models. The study suggests that APGA may be the most suitable option for detecting liver fibrosis and inflammation in Chinese patients with CHB. [Extracted from the article]

A retrospective cohort study compared the effects of bicalutamide, an anti-androgen, on transaminase levels in transfeminine adolescents and young adults with alternative anti-androgen regimens. The study found that there was no significant difference in transaminase levels between the bicalutamide group and the comparison group. The study suggests that bicalutamide may be a safe option for transfeminine individuals at low doses with close monitoring. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Russian Academy of Sciences provides new insights into Streptomyces derivatives, specifically the 3D structure of D-amino acid transaminase from Aminobacterium colombiense in complex with D-cycloserine. D-cycloserine is an alanine racemase inhibitor used in drug therapy for tuberculosis. The researchers discovered a ring-opened adduct of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and D-cycloserine in the active site of the enzyme. They also identified several compounds resulting from the interaction of D-cycloserine with PLP in the active site. This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Changzhou University in Jiangsu, China, has explored the production of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfurylamine (HMFA) using a hybrid catalysis approach. HMFA is a valuable chemical intermediate used in drug synthesis and epoxy resin curing. The researchers achieved a yield of 72.1% of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from D-fructose through dehydration in betaine-formic acid. They then used a mutant transaminase biocatalyst to convert HMF into HMFA with a yield of 97.7%. This research provides a sustainable and efficient method for the chemoenzymatic catalysis of D-fructose for HMFA production. [Extracted from the article]

This document summarizes a clinical study conducted by GlaxoSmithKline that aims to assess and compare the safety and tolerability of two different formulations of salbutamol inhalers in participants aged 12 years and older with asthma. The study will evaluate the effects of the two formulations on heart rate and electrocardiograms over a period of three months. The study is currently in the recruitment phase and is expected to be completed by April 2025. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Poland, examined the levels of serum transaminases in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and their relationship to current exclusion criteria for clinical trials. The study found that a significant number of ACS patients had elevated levels of hepatic transaminases, which could lead to their exclusion from clinical trials due to suspected liver disease. The researchers concluded that the current transaminase thresholds for liver dysfunction used in clinical trials may result in excessive and inadequate exclusions of patients with larger infarcts from these trials. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, has found that adding immunosuppressive therapy to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may benefit patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and autoimmune phenomena. The study included 652 patients with PBC and autoimmune phenomena, and after one year of observation, patients who received add-on therapy had a higher biochemical response rate compared to those who received monotherapy. Additionally, add-on therapy improved long-term outcomes in patients with elevated transaminase and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. The findings suggest that add-on immunosuppressive therapy may be beneficial for selected patients with PBC and autoimmune phenomena. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial is set to investigate the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pediatric patients with celiac disease (CD) and its association with a gluten-free diet (GFD). The study aims to determine the prevalence of NAFLD in pediatric CD patients and examine the role of intestinal permeability, intestinal mucosa damage, and proinflammatory status in the development of NAFLD in children with CD. The study will involve analyzing medical records, conducting assessments, and enrolling newly diagnosed CD patients. The primary completion date for data collection is December 31, 2024. The study is being conducted by the University of Palermo in Italy. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Engineered Transaminase Polypeptides" has been submitted to the US Patent and Trademark Office. The application describes modified transaminase enzymes that transfer amino groups between compounds, resulting in the production of chiral amine products. These chiral amine compounds are used in industries such as pharmaceuticals and chemicals. The application outlines the modifications made to the transaminase polypeptides to enhance their stability, activity, and ability to produce chiral amine products. It also includes methods for producing and purifying these modified enzymes in host cells. The patent application was filed on September 1, 2023, and became publicly available on January 4, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Zhejiang University of Technology in Hangzhou, China, have developed a new evolution strategy for designing (R)-to-transaminases, which are enzymes used in the synthesis of chiral amines. The researchers focused on the synthesis of a sitagliptin intermediate, a compound used in antidiabetic agents. Through motif swapping and stepwise evolution, they were able to create an engineered variant of the enzyme with significantly higher activity. However, further modifications are needed to improve the enzyme's stability for industrial use. This study highlights the potential of engineering biocatalysts for synthesizing high-value drug intermediates. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for methods and compositions to treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a progressive motor neuron disease that causes muscle weakness and paralysis. Current treatment options are limited, so there is a need for improved therapies. The patent application describes a method of administering Taurursodiol (TURSO) and sodium phenylbutyrate to ALS patients, along with cyclosporine, to potentially improve treatment outcomes. The composition is administered orally or through a feeding tube, and the dosage is adjusted based on the patient's condition. This patent application provides potential advancements in ALS treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06138886, is currently recruiting participants to investigate the effects of calisthenics exercises and pulsed electromagnetic therapy on liver function in burn patients. The trial aims to assess the impact of these interventions on the levels of ALT and AST enzymes in the blood plasma. Calisthenics exercises are bodyweight movements that improve flexibility and strength, while PEMF therapy has been shown to reduce pain and improve various conditions. The study will involve 90 patients in Egypt, aged 20-45, with burns covering 30% to 50% of their body surface area. The trial is expected to be completed by May 2024, and the primary contact is A G Elsayed from Cairo University. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) has found that branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) plays a crucial role in promoting the growth of glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The study revealed that BCAT1 inhibits tumor cell differentiation and contributes to an immunosuppressive environment, which hinders immunotherapeutic approaches. The researchers suggest that targeting BCAT1 could be a potential therapeutic avenue for treating glioblastoma. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying glioblastoma growth and offers new possibilities for treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, has found that parental metabolic syndrome and elevated liver transaminases are risk factors for their offspring, even in children and adolescents with a normal body mass index. The study analyzed data from 4,167 youths aged 10-18 years and found that the prevalence of these conditions in children was higher if their parents also had metabolic syndrome or elevated transaminases. The study concluded that these relationships were more prominent in youth without obesity. This research suggests that parental health conditions can have an impact on the health of their children, even if the children have a normal body mass index. [Extracted from the article]

The transaminase polypeptides of the present disclosure have been engineered to have one or more residue differences as compared to a previously engineered transaminase polypeptide (of amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 4) and associated enhanced solvent and thermal stability relative to the transaminase of SEQ ID NO: 4 and the wild-type transaminase of SEQ ID NO: 2. "In particular, the engineered transaminase polypeptides of the present disclosure have been engineered for efficient conversion of the substrate, (R)-2 SP 1 sp -(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-2 SP 1 sp H-3-aza-1(4,2)-pyridina-2(2,3)-pyrrolacyclononaphane-4,9-dione (referred to herein as "compound (1)") to its corresponding chiral amine product compound, (5R,9S)-9-amino-2 SP 1 sp -(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-2 SP 1 sp H-3-aza-1(4,2)-pyridina-2(2,3)-pyrrolacyclononaphan-4-one (referred to herein as "compound (2)") as shown in Scheme 2." The engineered transaminase of claim 1, wherein said engineered transaminase is a variant engineered transaminase set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 366 or 650. [Extracted from the article]

Glutamine catabolic-related enzymes play a crucial role in modulating glutamine metabolism and influencing immune responses in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME)." Keywords: Shandong; People's Republic of China; Asia; Adenocarcinoma; Amino Acids; Basic Amino Acids; Cancer; Diamino Amino Acids; Drugs and Therapies; Enzymes and Coenzymes; Genetics; Glutamine; Health and Medicine; Immunotherapy; Lung Cancer; Lung Diseases and Conditions; Neutral Amino Acids; Nitrogenous Group Transferases; Oncology; Pharmaceuticals; Transaminases EN Shandong People's Republic of China Asia Adenocarcinoma Amino Acids Basic Amino Acids Cancer Diamino Amino Acids Drugs and Therapies Enzymes and Coenzymes Genetics Glutamine Health and Medicine Immunotherapy Lung Cancer Lung Diseases and Conditions Neutral Amino Acids Nitrogenous Group Transferases Oncology Pharmaceuticals Transaminases 1563 1563 1 11/06/23 20231107 NES 231107 2023 NOV 6 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- New research on Oncology - Lung Cancer is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

The PVA membrane immobilized enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the loading amount of the enzyme is 0.05˜0.4 g of free enzyme/cm SP 2 sp membrane or 0.03˜0.06 g of dry cross-linked enzyme aggregate/cm SP 2 sp membrane. "Further, the transaminase is a transaminase derived from Chromobacterium violaceum DSM30191, or a transaminase derived from Arthrobacter citreus, or a transaminase derived from B.thuringiensis; the ketoreductase is a ketoreductase derived from Acetobacter sp. The PVA membrane immobilized enzyme according to claim 1, wherein the transaminase is a transaminase derived from Chromobacterium violaceum DSM30191, or a transaminase derived from Arthrobacter citreus, or a transaminase derived from B.thuringiensis; the ketoreductase is a ketoreductase derived from Acetobacter sp. [Extracted from the article]