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Tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) mixed perovskite with a narrow bandgap is an ideal candidate for single‐junction solar cells approaching the Shockley‐Queisser limit. However, due to the easy oxidation of Sn2+, the efficiency and stability of Sn‐Pb mixed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still lag far behind that of Pb‐based solar cells. Herein, highly efficient and stable FA0.5MA0.5Pb0.5Sn0.5I0.47Br0.03 compositional PSCs are achieved by introducing an appropriate amount of multifunctional Tin (II) oxalate (SnC2O4). SnC2O4 with compensative Sn2+ and reductive oxalate group C2O42− effectively passivates the cation and anion defects simultaneously, thereby leading to more n‐type perovskite films. Benefitting from the energy level alignment and the suppression of bulk nonradiative recombination, the Sn‐Pb mixed perovskite solar cell treated with SnC2O4 achieves a power conversion efficiency of 21.43%. More importantly, chemically reductive C2O42− effectively suppresses the notorious oxidation of Sn2+, leading to significant enhancement in stability. Particularly, it dramatically improves light stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve large-scale development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for water wave energy harvesting and powering the colossal sensors widely distributed in the ocean, facile and scalable TENGs with high output are urgently required. Here, an elastic self-recovering hybrid nanogenerator (ES-HNG) is proposed for water wave energy harvesting and marine environmental monitoring. The elastic skeletal support of the ES-HNG is manufactured using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, which is more conducive to the large-scale integration of the ES-HNG. Moreover, the combination of a TENG and an electromagnetic generator (EMG) optimizes the utilization of device space, leading to enhanced energy harvesting efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the TENG achieves a peak power output of 42.68 mW, and the EMG reaches a peak power output of 4.40 mW. Furthermore, various marine environment monitoring sensors, such as a self-powered wireless meteorological monitoring system, a wireless alarm system, and a water quality monitoring pen, have been successfully powered by the sophisticated ES-HNG. This work introduces an ES-HNG for water wave energy harvesting, which demonstrates potential in marine environment monitoring and offers a new solution for the sustainable development of the marine internet of things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional eye drops are administered via topical instillation. However, frequent dosing is needed due to their relatively rapid precorneal removal and low ocular bioavailability. To address these issues, stearoyl L-carnitine-modified nanoemulsions (SC-NEs) were fabricated. The physicochemical properties of SC-NEs in terms of size, morphology, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release behavior were characterized. The cellular uptake and mechanisms of SC-NEs were comprehensively studied in human corneal epithelial cells and the stearoyl L-carnitine ratio in SC-NEs was optimized. The optimized SC-NEs could target the novel organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2) and amino acid transporter B (0 +) (ATB0,+) on the corneal epithelium, which led to superior corneal permeation, ocular surface retention ability, ocular bioavailability. Furthermore, SC-NEs showed excellent in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy in a rabbit model of endotoxin-induced uveitis. The ocular safety test indicated that the SC-NEs were biocompatible. In general, the current study demonstrated that OCTN2 and ATB0,+-targeted nanoemulsions were promising ophthalmologic drug delivery systems that can improve ocular drug bioavailability and boost the therapeutic effects of drugs for eye diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of industry, water resources have been seriously polluted, posing a great threat to human health and ecological development, and it is urgent to realize the efficient treatment of sewage-containing wastewater. The CoSx modified by thioacetamide grew in the interlayer of graphene oxide, which provided the composite membrane with self-cleaning ability, and at the same time enlarged the interlayer channels, which resulted in the flux and hydrophilicity significantly better than that of GO, and the retention rate of different types of oil-in-water emulsions was above 99 %. Encouragingly, the GO@CoSx-activated PMS system exhibited extremely high degradation performance for methylene blue. After 5 cycles, the flux of the composite membrane to the oil red-petroleum ether-oil-in-water emulsion under the light condition was higher than that under the dark condition, and the retention rate was kept at 99.93 %, with excellent antifouling performance. The composite membrane showed good degradation of methylene blue under alkaline conditions (99.84 %) and excellent removal of oil red-petroleum ether-oil-in-water emulsion under strong acid/alkaline conditions (99.37 %). The composite membrane has good chemical stability and mechanical properties for long-term use. This study will provide a new idea for the separation of oil-water emulsions, which has a broad application prospect. [Display omitted] • CoSx insertion into GO nanospheres. • The CoSx@GO composite improves the wettability and photo-degradation efficiency. • The CoSx@GO composite membranes have self-cleaning ability and stable oil-water separation. • Under the irradiation of visible light, organic pollutants can be degraded by the prepared composite membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The porous Cu 2 O-HNSs were facilely prepared through a one-pot wet-chemical method. • The concentration of NH 2 OH∙HCl and pH value play critical roles in the synthesis. • Compared to Cu powder, Cu 2 O-HNSs showed an enhanced CER performance for C 2 products. • The type of electrode and carbon support can impact the CER performance of Cu 2 O-HNSs. In this paper, porous Cu 2 O hollow nanospheres (Cu 2 O-HNSs) were facilely synthesized through a template-free one-pot wet-chemical method. Systematical investigations found that Cu 2 O-HNSs with many cavities on the shell were formed from porous Cu 2 O nanospheres through Ostwald ripening. The concentration of NH 2 OH∙HCl and pH value play critical roles. Compared to Cu powder, Cu 2 O-HNSs showed enhanced current density and Faraday efficiency of C 2 products in electroreduction of CO 2 (CER). Our work inspires the synthesis of hollow nanostructures to accelerate the formation of C 2 products for CER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor film stability of Sn-Pb mixed perovskite film and the mismatched interface energy levels pose significant challenges in enhancing the efficiency of tin–lead (Sn-Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells. In this study, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is introduced into the PVK perovskite precursor solution, effectively enhancing the overall stability of the film. This improvement is achieved through the formation of robust coordination bonds between the carbonyl (C=O) in the pyrrole ring and the undercoordinated SnII and PbII, thereby facilitating the passivation of defects. Furthermore, the introduction of PVP inhibits the oxidation of tin (Sn), thereby enhancing the n-type characteristics of the perovskite film. This adjustment in the energy level of the PVK perovskite film proves instrumental in reducing interface energy loss, subsequently improving interface charge transfer and mitigating device recombination. Consequently, perovskite solar cells incorporating PVP achieve an outstanding champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.31%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A summary of cyclodextrin (CD)-based ocular drug delivery systems based on formation of inclusion complexes with small molecules and polymers. • The methods for ocular safety evaluation of CD-based ocular delivery systems are summarized. • The patents and clinical trials for CD-based ocular drug delivery systems are summarized. • The challenges and perspectives of clinical translation of CD-based ocular drug delivery systems are also discussed. Cyclodextrin (CD), a class of cyclic oligosaccharides with an external hydrophilic surface and a central hydrophobic cavity is recognized as a promising pharmaceutical excipient due to its unique ability to form inclusion complexes with small molecules and polymers. CD has excellent biocompatibility, safety, and stability, promoting the rapid development of various CD-based ocular drug delivery systems over the last two decades. The review elaborates on the recent research progress of CD-based ocular drug delivery systems, including drug/CD complexes, CD-based nanocarriers and microcarriers (e.g., nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes, nanosponges, microparticles, and microspheres), CD-based hydrogels (e.g., in situ hydrogels, supramolecular hydrogels, and soft contact lenses), and CD-based inserts. In addition, the review systemically summarizes the methods for ocular safety evaluation of CD-based ocular delivery systems, as well as the patents and clinical trials for CD-based ocular drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CoSx with hollow polyhedral structure was prepared by ZIF-67 as a sacrificial template; • A novel CoSx@BiOBr heterojunction was synthesized by in situ growth method; • CoSx@ BiOBr heterojunction efficiently degraded antibiotics; • Degradation pathways of antibiotics were explained. Hollow dodecahedral amorphous CoSx was prepared by solvothermal method using ZIF-67 as a sacrificial template, and then BiOBr nanosheets was grown on the surface of CoSx by in-situ growth method to form a CoSx@BiOBr Z-type heterojunction. This special hollow core–shell structure and oxygen vacancies work together, not only can promote the absorption of visible light, increase the specific surface area, improve the surface active sites, but also make the photogenerated electrons and holes easier to separate and migrate. Therefore, CoSx@BiOBr-5 showed excellent degradation effect on three antibiotics, namely carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline hydrochloride. Furthermore, the possible catalytic mechanism of CoSx@BiOBr-5 was analyzed by quenching experiments and electrochemical characterization. The stable catalytic activity of CoSx@BiOBr-5 in harsh environments was confirmed by different initial pH, inorganic salt and cycling experiments. Therefore, the heterojunction CoSx@BiOBr-5 proposed in this study is a reusable, low-cost, and efficient catalyst for practical treatment of pollutant degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heparin, a sulfate-containing linear polysaccharide, has proven preclinical and clinical efficacy for a variety of disorders. Heparin, including unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and ultra-low-molecular-weight heparin (ULMWH), is administered systematically, in the form of a solution in the clinic. However, it is eliminated quickly, due to its short half-life, especially in the case of UFH and LMWH. Frequent administration is required to ensure its therapeutic efficacy, leading to poor patient compliance. Moreover, heparin is used to coat blood-contacting medical devices to avoid thrombosis through physical interaction. However, the short-term durability of heparin on the surface of the stent limits its further application. Various advanced sustained-release strategies have been used to prolong its half-life in vivo as preparation technologies have improved. Herein, we briefly introduce the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of action of heparin. In addition, the strategies for sustained release of heparin are comprehensively summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior uveitis is a sight-threatening inflammation inside the eyes. Conventional eye drops for anti-inflammatory therapy need to be administered frequently owing to the rapid elimination and corneal barrier. To address these issues, polypseudorotaxane hydrogels were developed by mixing Soluplus micelles (99.4 nm) and cyclodextrins solution. The optimized hydrogels exhibited shear-thinning and sustained release properties. The hydrogels exhibited higher transcorneal permeability coefficient (P app , 1.84 folds) than that of drug solutions. Moreover, animal study indicated that the hydrogels significantly increased the precorneal retention (AUC, 21.2 folds) and intraocular bioavailability of flurbiprofen (AUC Aqueous humor , 17.8 folds) in comparison with drug solutions. Importantly, the hydrogels obviously boosted anti-inflammatory efficacy in rabbit model of endotoxin-induced uveitis at a reduced administration frequency. Additionally, the safety of hydrogels was confirmed by cytotoxicity and ocular irritation studies. In all, the present study demonstrates a friendly non-invasive strategy based on γ- CD-based polypseudorotaxane hydrogels for ocular drug delivery. Preparation of γ-cyclodextrin-based polypseudorotaxane hydrogels and topical delivery of FLB for the treatment of anterior uveitis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical simulation was performed on the heat transfer of mixed convection for fluid flowing across a microtube bundle, using the lattice Boltzmann method. At first, the program code was validated by using a benchmark case of natural convection around a hot single tube inside a square enclosure. The local and averaged heat transfer coefficients of each tube in the bundle with various row numbers were calculated. Numerous cases were simulated, ranging from a weak natural convection case (forced convection) to a pure natural convection case. The results indicate that the total averaged Nusselt number outside the tubes gradually decreases and becomes almost a constant with tube row number at low Reynolds number, which is different from the conventional scaled tube. The averaged Nusselt numbers and temperature fields for various situations were compared. Further influencing factors other than the tube row number on the heat transfer behavior of a tube bundle were also summarized and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wounds are complications of diabetes which are caused by skin dystrophy because of local ischemia and hypoxia. Diabetes causes wounds in a pathological state of inflammation, resulting in delayed wound healing. The structure of electrospun nanofibers is similar to that of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is conducive to the attachment, growth, and migration of fibroblasts, thus favoring the formation of new skin tissue at the wound. The composition and size of electrospun nanofiber membranes can be easily adjusted, and the controlled release of loaded drugs can be realized by regulating the fiber structure. The porous structure of the fiber membrane is beneficial to gas exchange and exudate absorption at the wound, and the fiber surface can be easily modified to give it function. Electrospun fibers can be used as wound dressing and have great application potential in the treatment of diabetic wounds. In this study, the applications of polymer electrospun fibers, nanoparticle-loaded electrospun fibers, drug-loaded electrospun fibers, and cell-loaded electrospun fibers, in the treatment of diabetic wounds were reviewed, and provide new ideas for the effective treatment of diabetic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this project, the Titanium dioxide nanowire (TiO 2 Nw) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) were introduced into the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to make a composite material and then were assembled on the cellulose acetate (CA) membrane into photocatalytic composite membrane (RLT) through vacuum filtration with photocatalytic effect. The photocatalytic composite membrane (RLT) with high permeability and high rejection was constructed. Compared with other ratios of RLT membranes, RLT-0.5 composite membrane had a higher water flux of 432.38 L·m−2h−1bar−1, and the rejection rate of dye were above 99%. In the rejection process of 10 cycles, that the rejection rate and flux of RLT-0.5 composite membrane to methylene blue (MB), malachite green (Mg) and Congo red (CR) were more stable regardless of whether there was light or no light. Of course, the rejection effect was better under light conditions, showing its excellent photocatalytic performance. In conclusion, RLT-0.5 composite membrane had excellent water purification ability and photocatalytic efficiency, which made it have a wide application in water treatment. • Co-intercalation of TiO 2 and LDH to RGO photocatalytic composite membranes were prepared and characterized. • RLT-0.5 composite membrane had good hydrophilicity and dye removal effect. • RLT-0.5 composite membrane had photocatalytic self-cleaning ability and stable separation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we developed a vesicular phospholipid gels (VPGs) for topical ocular delivery of flurbiprofen (FLB) to treat anterior uveitis. FLB loaded VPGs (FLB VPGs), composed of FLB and egg yolk lecithin, were prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique. The effects of egg yolk lecithin content and homogenization pressure on properties of FLB VPGs, including size, encapsulation efficiency, yield and in vitro release profile were investigated. The resultant FLB VPGs were characterized by the transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, rheological behavior, and storage stability. Corneal permeation experiments revealed that VPGs could improve the transcorneal delivery of FLB under ex vivo conditions. VPGs were nonirritant toward to the rabbit eye, as indicated by slit lamp observation and histological observation. The results of tear pharmacokinetics and in vivo fluorescence imaging showed that VPGs could significantly prolong the precorneal retention time. In vivo biodistribution study indicated that VPGs could significantly improve drug bioavailability in ocular tissues. Moreover, FLB VPGs exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effect in endotoxin induced uveitis in rabbits. Overall, VPGs are a promising ophthalmic drug delivery system for the treatment of anterior uveitis. The vesicular phospholipid gels showed prolonged precorneal retention time, and increased ocular bioavailability, as well as enhanced anti-inflammatory effect in rabbit model of anterior uveitis. [Display omitted] • FLB VPGs were prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique. • FLB VPGs significantly prolonged precorneal retention time. • FLB VPGs significantly increased drug bioavailability in the ocular tissues. • FLB VPGs exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effect in rabbit model of anterior uveitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Epirubicin-loaded polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibers were fabricated. • The electrospun emulsion was prepared by the low energy magnetic stirring method. • Tween 80 contributed to the formation of the core/shell structure of the fibers. • The in vitro drug release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. • The prepared nanofibers had effective transdermal sustained-release behavior. Epirubicin-loaded polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were fabricated by the low energy water-in-oil emulsion electrospinning technique using the drug solution as the aqueous phase and the N, N- dimethylformamide solution of polyacrylonitrile as the oil phase. Tween 80 as a surfactant was applied to contribute to the formation of the core/shell structure of fibers. The in vitro drug release of these drug-loaded nanofibers obeyed the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation, by exhibiting a good sustained-release performance. In addition, in vitro permeation studies across artificial human skin showed that the prepared nanofibers had effective transdermal sustained-release behavior and the optimum drug cumulative amounts reached 61% in 24 h. The nanofiber membrances exhibited good flexibility and high tensile strength (7.93 MPa), which favors their potential application in transdermal drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a graphene oxide layered double hydroxide (GO/Co-Al LDH) composite was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly method. Then GO and Co-Al LDH were assembled on the CA membrane by vacuum filtration to construct a high-efficiency composite membrane. The prepared CA/GO/Co-Al LDH composite membrane has excellent pollutant separation performance and hydrophilicity that the fluxes and the rejection rates for rhodamine b (RhB), methylene blue (MB), Congo red (CR), petroleum ether, n-hexane and mesitylene were excellent, even rejection rates reached more than 90%. The separation performance and hydrophilicity of GO membranes can be improved by changing the content of Co-Al LDH. [Display omitted] • Electrostatic self-assembly method was used. • LDH inserted into GO nano layer • The flux and rejection of GO membrane have increased. • An efficient and simple preparation method was explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoters have been widely used in industrial catalysis but understanding the mechanism behind their function is still a challenging subject. As ideal model catalysts, nanocrystal catalysts with well−defined exposing facets and relatively large specific surface have attracted intense attention. We explored the effect of Cl− loading on Cu 2 O nanocubes enclosed by (100) facets for the direct epoxidation of propylene by molecular oxygen. Interestingly, a volcano−type curve was obtained when the selectivity and conversion are plotted as a function of the loading amount of Cl−, indicating that optimal surface O/Cl− ratio is critical for desirable catalytic performance. Unlabelled Image • Using Cu 2 O nanocubes enclosed by (100) facets as model catalytic systems. • NH 4 Cl doping played a positive role for direct epoxidation of propylene. • The activity and selectivity critically depended on the loading amount of NH 4 Cl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes) syndrome still has no standard treatment. On the basis that both POEMS syndrome and myeloma have an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia, anti-myeloma therapy can be expected to be useful for POEMS syndrome. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been used in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). No POEMS syndrome cases treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cells have been reported. Case presentation: Here, we, for the first time, report a POEMS syndrome case treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cells. A 49-year-old female with incapacitating POEMS syndrome that progressed on lenalidomide treatment was enrolled in a phase I study involving anti-BCMA CAR-T cells (ChiCTR-OPC-16009113). Another patient with RRMM who had undergone six prior lines treatments was also enrolled in the study. They received infusions of anti-BCMA CAR-T cells. Both patients achieved a stringent complete response. Complete remission persisted in the patient with POEMS syndrome and lasted for 7.6 months before a relapse in RRMM patient. Both patients had toxicity consistent with the grade 1 cytokine release syndrome. Conclusions: This is the first report of treatment by anti-BCMA CAR-T cells in POEMS syndrome. Our findings demonstrate the anti-BCMA CAR-T cell treatment may be a feasible therapeutic option for patients with POEMS syndrome and RRMM who do not respond well to traditional therapies. Trial registration: ChiCTR-OPC, ChiCTR-OPC-16009113. Registered 29 August 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breaking atomic monogeneity of catalyst surfaces is promising for constructing synergistic active centers to cope with complex multi‐step catalytic reactions. Here, we report a defect‐derived strategy for creating surface phosphorous vacancies (P‐vacancies) on nanometric Rh2P electrocatalysts toward drastically boosted electrocatalysis for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). This strategy disrupts the monogeneity and atomic regularity of the thermodynamically stable P‐terminated surfaces. Density functional theory calculations initially verify that the competitive adsorption behavior of Had and OHad on perfect P‐terminated Rh2P{200} facets (p‐Rh2P) can be bypassed on defective Rh2P{200} surfaces (d‐Rh2P). The P‐vacancies enable the exposure of sub‐surface Rh atoms to act as exclusive H adsorption sites. Therein, the Had cooperates with the OHad on the peripheral P‐sites to effectively accelerate the alkaline HOR. Defective Rh2P nanowires (d‐Rh2P NWs) and perfect Rh2P nanocubes (p‐Rh2P NCs) are then elaborately synthesized to experimentally represent the d‐Rh2P and p‐Rh2P catalytic surfaces. As expected, the P‐vacancy‐enriched d‐Rh2P NWs catalyst exhibits extremely high catalytic activity and outstanding CO tolerance for alkaline HOR electrocatalysis, attaining 5.7 and 14.3 times mass activity that of p‐Rh2P NCs and commercial Pt/C, respectively. This work sheds light on breaking the surface atomic monogeneity for the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breaking atomic monogeneity of catalyst surfaces is promising for constructing synergistic active centers to cope with complex multi‐step catalytic reactions. Here, we report a defect‐derived strategy for creating surface phosphorous vacancies (P‐vacancies) on nanometric Rh2P electrocatalysts toward drastically boosted electrocatalysis for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). This strategy disrupts the monogeneity and atomic regularity of the thermodynamically stable P‐terminated surfaces. Density functional theory calculations initially verify that the competitive adsorption behavior of Had and OHad on perfect P‐terminated Rh2P{200} facets (p‐Rh2P) can be bypassed on defective Rh2P{200} surfaces (d‐Rh2P). The P‐vacancies enable the exposure of sub‐surface Rh atoms to act as exclusive H adsorption sites. Therein, the Had cooperates with the OHad on the peripheral P‐sites to effectively accelerate the alkaline HOR. Defective Rh2P nanowires (d‐Rh2P NWs) and perfect Rh2P nanocubes (p‐Rh2P NCs) are then elaborately synthesized to experimentally represent the d‐Rh2P and p‐Rh2P catalytic surfaces. As expected, the P‐vacancy‐enriched d‐Rh2P NWs catalyst exhibits extremely high catalytic activity and outstanding CO tolerance for alkaline HOR electrocatalysis, attaining 5.7 and 14.3 times mass activity that of p‐Rh2P NCs and commercial Pt/C, respectively. This work sheds light on breaking the surface atomic monogeneity for the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐dimensional amorphous metallic nanomaterials provide great possibility for creating high‐performance electrocatalysts owing to their conspicuous reacting merits derived from the flexible coordination structures, but remain extremely challenging in synthesis. Herein, this work reports a facile synthesis of carbon‐loaded amorphous 1.5‐nm‐thick Pt–Ru nanowires (NWs) through a local oxidation induced amorphization process. During annealing premade crystalline Pt–Ru NWs/C in air, a local‐oxidation of the oxyphilic Ru generates abundant random Ru–O bonds and disturbs the order bimetallic lattices. The as‐prepared amorphous Pt53Ru47 (a‐Pt53Ru47) NWs/C exhibits an extremely high activity (13.7 A mg−1 at 25 mV overpotential) and an excellent CO‐tolerance for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalysis, drastically outperforming the crystalline counterpart and commercial benchmarks. Mechanism studies indicate the Pt–Ru bimetallic effects as well as the rich disordered "Pt–Ru–O" and/or "Pt–O–Ru" atomic heterojunctions can weaken the *H binding energy and inversely strengthen the *OH adsorption, thus promoting the alkaline HOR kinetics. More uniquely, the small interatomic spaces derived from the disordered bond nets present a H2/*H‐selected permeability, which spatially obstruct the relatively larger CO molecules to poison the internal catalytic sites during HOR. The CO‐shielded internal catalytic sites and the enriched surface *OH jointly upgrade the CO‐tolerance of the a‐Pt53Ru47 NWs/C catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recently researched Sn-contained perovskite solar cells (PSCs), limited work is focused on corrosion of a metal electrode, which is recognized as the obstacle of efficient and stable devices. Here, it is found that a pure Sn based PSC shows the most serious and quick corrosion of an Ag electrode, compared with Pb and Sn–Pb PSCs. I2, SnOX, and AgI are the main products of the aged Ag electrode in Sn based PSCs, which greatly differed from Pb and Sn–Pb PSCs. Oxidation of FASnI3 under O2/H2O produces aggressive I2, together with gaseous FA and diffusive I−, degrading the PVK film and Ag electrode greatly. This work highlights the corrosion velocity and mechanism of Ag electrodes in Sn-contained PSCs, which may help to find out possible solutions to circumvent the instable issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • • The size of Cu 2 O NCs wes well regulated via simply altering the SDS concentration. • • HRXPS and Ar ion etching verify SDS and DAA co-adsorbed on the surface of Cu 2 O NCs. • • The percentage of SDS adsorbed on Cu 2 O NCs is in line with their concentration used. • • The 40 nm Cu 2 O nanofluids display enhanced thermal conductivity and cooling rate. The state of the adsorbed surfactant molecules significantly impacts the formation of nanoparticles and their application. In this study, using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anion surfactant, the size and size distribution of Cu 2 O nanocubes were well regulated through simply altering the introduced concentration of SDS. Moreover, the state of the surfactant on the surface of Cu 2 O nanocubes was systematically characterized by HRXPS and Ar ion etching. It found that SDS and dehydroascorbic acid are co-adsorbed on the surface of Cu 2 O nanocubes, and the percentage of SDS is in accord with the concentration of SDS used. Compared to water and refrigerant fluid, the typical 40 nm Cu 2 O nanofluids displayed an enhanced percentage of 11% and 13% for thermal conductivity and cooling rate, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-dimensional template-directed oriented self-sacrificial mechanism is successfully developed for the synthesis of one-dimensional kink-rich Pd 3 Pb nanowires (NWs) featuring rich grain boundary defects. Merits such as abundant electroactive defective hot spots and electronic interactions between Pd and Pb atoms endow the Pd 3 Pb NWs with outstanding electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction. [Display omitted] Developing facile synthetic strategies toward ultrafine one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) with rich catalytic hot spots is pivotal for exploring effective heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) template-directed strategy for synthesizing 1D kink-rich Pd 3 Pb NWs with abundant grain boundaries to serve as high-efficiency electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this one-pot synthesis, ultrathin Pd nanosheets were initially generated, which then served as self-sacrificial 2D nano-templates. A dynamic equilibrium growth was subsequently established on the 2D Pd nanosheets through the center-selected etching of Pd atoms and edge-preferred co-deposition of Pd/Pb atoms. This was followed by the oriented attachment of the generated Pd/Pb alloy nanograins and fragments. Thus, kink-rich Pd 3 Pb NWs with rich grain boundary defects were obtained in high yield, and these NWs were used as electrocatalytic active catalysts. The surface electronic interaction between Pd and Pb atoms effectively decreased the surface d -band center to weaken the binding of oxygen-containing intermediates toward improved ORR kinetics. Specifically, the kink-rich Pd 3 Pb NWs/C catalyst delivered outstanding ORR mass activity and specific activity (2.26 A⋅mg Pd −1 and 2.59 mA⋅cm−2, respectively) in an alkaline solution. These values were respectively 13.3 and 10.8 times those of state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. This study provides an innovative strategy for fabricating defect-rich low-dimensional nanocatalysts for efficient energy conversion catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The PtIr–WC interfaces boosted the NH 3 oxidation activity in low-temperature ammonia fuel cells. • The PtIr/WC showed an excellent AOR activity, 2.7-fold higher than carbon-supported catalysts. • The PtIr–WC enabled feasible charge transfer, d-band center regulations and water dissociation. • The active interfaces could be maximized by dispersing PtIr–WC composites onto CNTs. • The PtIr–WC/CNT achieved a compelling peak power density at 80 °C in a direct ammonia fuel cell. Low-temperature direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) can easily transform the chemical energy into green in-commission power, yet remains great challenging due to kinetically sluggish ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR). The interface engineering is a promising strategy to take advantage of synergistic proficiencies and electronic properties, which was widely applied in heterogeneous catalysis but rarely studied in AOR. Herein, non-oxide-based metal–metal carbide interfaces were employed to construct excellent AOR catalysts. The as-built Pt/WC and PtIr/WC catalysts with the excellent peak current densities of 96.5 and 61.7 A g PGM −1, respectively, which are over 3.5-fold and 2.7-fold than those of carbon-supported catalysts. Both experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the charge transfer between PtIr NPs and WC regulates the work function and d-band center of catalysts and further alters adsorption energies of intermediates. The WC also plays an important role for water dissociation and hydroxyl group activation. Based on the understanding, maximizing active interfaces by dispersing PtIr–WC composites onto CNTs (PtIr–WC/CNT) achieves a compelling peak power density of 140.0 mW cm−2 at 80 °C in a DAFC test, which is at the top of previously reported catalysts at similar conditions. Our study provides a way to design highly-active catalysts for AOR and DAFC by interface engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A g-C3N4/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe)/CD@GO membrane (M2) was prepared by a simple vacuum filtration method. By embedding a Z-scheme heterojunction composite photocatalyst into graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, not only can the water molecule transport channel be regulated, but the membrane can also be endowed with photocatalytic activity and membrane fouling is effectively alleviated. The pure water permeation flux of M2 (253.26 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) was 13 times that of the original GO membrane (18.83 L m−2 h−1 bar−1). What's more, even after 10 cycles, M2 still maintains excellent separation efficiency and flux. After six cycles, the rejection of Congo Red (CR), Malachite Green (MG) and Rhodamine B (RhB) by M2 was over 95%. At the same time, under the conditions of an extreme pH value and high salt concentration, the rejection of dye remained at the original level after six cycles. Therefore, the novel photocatalytic membrane has excellent separation performance, stability and photocatalytic activity, and can be used as a potential membrane for wastewater purification and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), also known as chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease of the colon and rectum, is primarily characterized by mucopurulent bloody stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. Its cause is uncertain. IBD patients frequently experience a high rate of recurrence, a protracted treatment course, and a high risk of carcinogenesis. Additionally, the difficulty of treatment is significantly increased by these illness characteristics. Currently, the normal treatment for this illness can lessen symptoms to some amount and even meet clinical treatment requirements, but due to serious side effects, unfavorable reactions, and high costs, we need to develop better complementary and alternative medicines. A number of studies have found that the imbalance of T helper cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) contributes significantly to the occurrence and progression of IBD and that Th17/Treg balance restoration is frequently useful in the management of IBD. As a result, regulating the Th17/Treg balance has also emerged as a novel approach to treating IBD. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained popularity in recent years due to its advantages of low side effects, a variety of targets, and multiple regulatory mechanisms. A number of studies have shown that TCM can successfully intervene in the Th17/Treg imbalance and restore it, and research on the prevention and treatment of IBD by TCM by restoring Th17/Treg has also shown promising results. The characteristics of the Th17/Treg balance and its role in the pathogenesis of IBD, as well as the role of TCM in regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance, are analyzed. The research results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment and pathology mechanism research of IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess the impact responses of hyperelastic materials that have the potential to be effective in reducing loads and drag during water impact. Using experimental and numerical methods, the mechanisms of energy conversion and stress distribution induced by the deformation behaviors of hyperelastic spheres impacting rigid and water surfaces are investigated. By comparing the impact events of rigid spheres, the elastic waves propagating inside the hyperelastic spheres over a single deformation cycle are analyzed to evaluate the impact resistance. The results show that the energy loss into the fluid is responsible for more kinetic energy loss in hyperelastic sphere during water impact. The drag reduction effect of hyperelastic spheres during water entry depends on the deformation behavior. Additionally, an analysis is conducted on the strain energy density of hyperelastic spheres during water entry. The initial change in kinetic energy is studied as a function of the dimensionless ratio of material shear modulus to impact hydrodynamic pressure. • Energy dynamics in hyperelastic spheres impacting rigid and water surfaces are elucidated. • The drag reduction in water of hyperelastic spheres is contingent on a specific range of material properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering the surface electrochemistry at the atomic level can precisely and effectively manipulate the reactivity and durability of catalysts. Herein, a novel single‐atom fine‐tailoring strategy based on a highly hydrophilic Mo‐bifunctional promoter is proposed to greatly boost the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on Pt catalysts. The single‐atom Mo‐modified nanometer Pt anchored on porous N‐doped carbon (Mo‐Pt/NC) is developed via a pyrolysis–adsorption–reduction process. The designed Mo‐Pt/NC exhibits a remarkable mass‐specific kinetic current reaching 1584 mA mg−1Pt in 0.1 m KOH, which is nearly 11‐fold and fourfold higher than the activities of commercial Pt/C and Pt/NC counterparts respectively, and such extraordinary HOR behavior even exceeds those of documented Pt‐related catalysts. Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies indicate that hydrophilic Mo single‐atom sites can not only regulate the electronic microenvironment of Pt sites for attenuated H* adsorption, but they also serve as energetic H2O*‐adsorption promoters to jointly facilitate the HOR kinetics. Moreover, the anti‐CO poisoning capability of Mo‐Pt/NC is markedly enhanced by this Mo‐modified electronic effect. This work gives a significant guideline for the design of high‐performance HOR catalysts and other advanced catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanowire (Ag NW)-based transparent back electrodes prepared via all solution-process are promising for bifacial and semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the inadequate electrical contact between the silver nanowires themselves and the contact with substrate leads to reduced overall solar cell performance; meanwhile, serious corrosion of Ag NW in ambient environment restricting the further applications. In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a binder in Ag NW electrode significantly enhances the conductivity and transparency at the same time improving the interface electric contact. The PSC with PVP modified Ag NW electrode demonstrated frontside and backside efficiency approaching 18 % and 14.1 % (AM1.5, 1 Sun), respectively, which achieves 82 % efficiency with normal Ag device and bifacial factor of 79 %. The long-term storage stability of PSC is also improved by PVP protection. The final device structure is ITO/Ni O x /MeO/(FA0.92MA0.08)0.95Cs0.05Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3/PEAI/PC61BM/BCP/ Ag NW. This work highlights the method to fabricate robust transparent Ag NW electrode for bifacial perovskite solar cells. • Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in Ag nanowire (Ag NW) electrode significantly enhances the conductivity and transparency. • PVP modified Ag NW electrode improves the interface electric contact and charge transport of the solar cell. • The Perovskite solar cell (PSC) with PVP modified Ag NW electrode demonstrated high efficiency and bifacial factor. • The long-term storage stability of PSC is also improved by PVP protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is a typical type of anionic clay minerals. In this study, an SDS-LDH with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) intercalation was prepared by the ion exchange method, and the modified SDS-LDH was successfully combined with graphene oxide (GO). In the presence of dopamine, partial reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (RGO). RGO/PDA/SDS-LDH (RPS) composite material was prepared successfully and used in the field of membrane separation. The RPS-2 composite membrane combines the advantages of GO and SDS-LDH, which can increase GO flux while maintaining a high rejection rate. The flux was increased from 10.21 L·m−2h−1bar−1 of GO to 79.24 L·m−2h−1bar−1 of RPS-2, and the rejection rate of various dyes was above 97%. The rejection rate of methylene blue (MB) 97.34% was maintained after 10 cycles, and its flux loss rate is only 45.32%. The composite membrane had good stability under different pH conditions, which provides a basis for the practical application of the membrane. [Display omitted] • The ion exchange method was used to successfully insert SDS into LDH and increase the interlayer spacing of LDH. • RPS-2 composite material was prepared by cross-linking with dopamine. • RPS-2 composite membrane can keep stable and filter the dye 10 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of people worldwide are affected by eye diseases, eventually leading to visual impairment or complete blindness. Conventional treatment involves the use of eye drops. However, these formulations often confer low ocular bioavailability and frequent dosing is required. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective drug delivery systems to tackle the current limitations. Hydrogels are multifunctional ophthalmic drug delivery systems capable of extending drug residence time and sustaining release of drugs. In this review, common ocular diseases and corresponding therapeutic drugs are briefly introduced. In addition, various types of hydrogels reported for ophthalmic drug delivery, including in-situ gelling hydrogels, contact lenses, low molecular weight supramolecular hydrogels, cyclodextrin/poly (ethylene glycol)-based supramolecular hydrogels and hydrogel-forming microneedles, are summarized. Besides, marketed hydrogel-based opthalmic formulations and clinical trials are also highlighted. Finally, critical considerations regarding clinical translation of biologics-loaded hydrogels are discussed. [Display omitted] • Conventional eye drops often confer low ocular bioavailability. • Hydrogels are capable of extending drug residence time and sustaining release of drugs. • Many small molecular drug-containing ophthalmic hydrogels are in the market. • Discussion the opportunities and challenges toward regarding clinical translation of biologics-loaded hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM) patients and primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) have an unfavorable prognosis and no effective treatment. This study was designed to assess the safety and preliminary efficacy of a novel anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell in R/R MM and PCL. Methods: Between February 22, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 28 R/R and two R/R primary PCL patients received a median dose of 11.2 × 106 CAR+ cells/kg. The subjects were refractory to a proteasome inhibitor and/or an immunomodulatory agent. Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide were given as lymphodepletion chemotherapy. Results: Results for these 30 consecutive patients who received an anti‐BCMA CAR T cell infusion are reported. The patients had received a median of four prior lines of therapy. A total of 44 different types of adverse events were recorded, and hematologic toxic effects were the most common events of any grade during treatment. Hematologic toxic effects were also the most common events of grade 3 or higher. A total of 29 patients (96.7%) had cytokine release syndrome, which was of grade 1 or 2 in 24 patients (80%) and grade 3 in five patients (16.7%). Neurologic toxic effects only occurred in one patient (3.3%) and were of grade 1. The objective response rate was 90%, and the complete response rate was 43.3%. With a median follow‐up of 12.6 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 5.2 months and 14.0 months. One of the two primary PCL achieved a complete response with a PFS of 307 days. The other patients achieved a very good partial response with a PFS of 117 days. Conclusions: Anti‐BCMA CAR T cell treatment is safe and highly active in R/R multiple myeloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using NaBH 4 as reductant, a fast reduction method was developed to synthesize Co x Fe 10-x alloys nanochains with different Fe molar fractions. XRD and SAED investigations reveal as-prepared nanostructures have amorphous features. By annealing at 500 °C, crystalline Co x Fe 10-x alloy nanostructures with similar morphology can be obtained. Magnetic properties reveal that the saturation magnetization and coercivity of the samples strongly depend on the Co/Fe ratio, and the amorphous samples perform lower coercivity and remarkable soft magnetic behavior. The amorphous samples can hold good complementarities between the dielectric loss and the magnetic loss, which are beneficial for the impedance matching. Therefore, the amorphous samples have dramatic enhancement of electromagnetic wave absorption properties compared to the crystallized samples with similar chemical components. In particular, with a thickness of 2 mm, the strongest reflection loss (RL) of amorphous Co 4 Fe 6 alloy based sample is up to −38.7 dB at 15.1 GHz, the effective absorption (RL < −10 dB) bandwidth can reach 6.9 GHz (10.1–17.0 GHz). These results suggest that the amorphous nanostructures may be promising candidates as high efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The oxidative I 2 /I 3 − in Sn-Pb perovskite is effectively eliminated to stabilize Sn2+. • The movable I− is successfully neutralized, protecting the Ag counter electrode from corrosion. • The solar cell device shows promoted photovoltage and efficiency with enhanced stability. In recent hotly researched tin–lead (Sn-Pb) mix perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the oxidation of Sn2+ is not an isolated process but accompanied by the oxidation of I− to I 2 , which are both responsible for the severe p-doping and complex defect situation. Diffusion of interstitial I further severely corrodes the metal electrode to fail the PSC. Thereby, managing the I− oxidation and meanwhile neutralizing the movable I− together with suppressing Sn2+ oxidation is quite a challenge for efficient and stable Sn-Pb PSCs. In this work, a natural reductive amino acid (DOPA) is introduced into perovskite layer to successfully inhibit the oxidation of both Sn2+ and I−, at the same time, neutralize the diffusive I− to protect the Ag electrode from corrosion. Benefiting from the improved chemistry situation, the DOPA doped PSC shows significantly promoted photovoltage and efficiency at AM1.5, with enhanced light and shelf stability. This work highlights the importance of I defects management to achieve efficient and stable Sn-Pb PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an efficient Z-scheme heterojunction consisting of perovskite and iron-based metal-organic framework (N-BiFeO 3 /NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe)) composite was fabricated by in-situ growth. The catalyst accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers and broadens the absorption range of visible light, and acts as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-H). The structure, composition, morphology and optical properties of the catalyst were comprehensively investigated. Photocatalytic experiments showed that the composite exhibited higher degradation efficiency (88%) compared with pure N-BiFeO 3 (40%) and pure Fe-MOF (71%). In addition, 99% of TC-H, 76% of ciprofloxacin, and 91% of sulfamethoxazole were degraded within 60 min under the visible light/N-BiFeO 3 /NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe)/H 2 O 2 system. The effects of catalyst dosage, coexisting ions and other factors on the degradation performance were investigated, and good stability was shown. The experiment of free radical scavenger proved that the production of hydroxyl radicals was the main active substance for the degradation of TC-H, which accelerated the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle and promoted the efficient degradation of TC-H, the possible mechanism of the degradation of TC-H by visible light/ N-BiFeO 3 /NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe) /H 2 O 2 system was discussed. Therefore, N-BiFeO 3 /NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe) can be used as an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. [Display omitted] • Fabrication of visible light-driven N-BiFeO 3 /NH 2 -MIL-53(Fe) photocatalyst. • The efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (99%) in the presence of H 2 O 2. • Direct Z-scheme photocatalytic system promotes the separation efficiency of carriers. • The hydroxyl radicals are the main active species in the photocatalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), an anionic polysaccharide, has been widely used as a clinical anticoagulant. However, repeated subcutaneous injection is sometimes required due to its short half-life. To reduce the dosing frequency, the injectable polypseudorotaxane hydrogel was fabricated by inclusion complexation formation between Tween 80 and α-Cyclodextrin (αCD) for sustained release of LMWH. The physicochemical properties of such hydrogel were characterized by SEM, XRD, DSC, and FTIR. This hydrogel showed shear-thinning and thixotropic behavior and was easily injected through standard syringe needles. The gelation time, mechanical strength, shear viscosity, in vitro drug release rate, in vitro hydrogel dissolution rate, and in vivo hydrogel retention could be tuned by αCD concentration in the hydrogel. In vivo safety evaluation indicated that the polypseudorotaxane hydrogel was biocompatible. Most importantly, this polypseudorotaxane hydrogel could sustain release of LMWH after subcutaneous injection. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with psychiatric comorbidities. However, the association between IBD and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts has not been well established. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship between IBD and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide. We systematically searched five electronic databases – PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO – from their inception to January 28, 2022. Quality assessment, data synthesis, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessment were performed on the included studies. We identified 28 studies with 1,047,755 patients with IBD. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation in patients with IBD was 17.3% (95% CI, 9.5%–25.2%). Patients with IBD were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts (relative risk [RR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08–1.79) and suicide deaths (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09–1.43) than the controls without IBD. Patients with Crohn's disease subtypes, female IBD, pediatric-onset IBD, young adult IBD, and short-duration IBD had a particularly high risk for suicide. Patients with IBD had a high prevalence of suicidal ideation and a significantly higher likelihood of suicide attempts and suicide. Caring for patients with IBD, including their mental health needs, may require concerted efforts among gastroenterologists and other healthcare providers. • Systematic review and meta-analysis of IBD and suicide ideation, attempt, and death • The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation in patients with IBD was 17.3%. • Patients with IBD were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and death. • CD and female IBD were particularly at risk of suicide. • Children, young adults, and short-duration IBD were at higher risk of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, oily wastewater is a severe threat to the living environment of humankind. In recent years, MOF materials have shown great application potential in membrane separation and treatment of oily wastewater. In this paper, the mixed cellulose ester membrane (MCEM) was modified by polydopamine, and the NH 2 -MIL-125 (Ti)/Sep(sepiolite)/PDA composite membrane was prepared by simple vacuum filtration. The composite membrane had super-hydrophilic performance and underwater super-oleophobic performance, and could effectively separate oil-water emulsion separation performance. Also, the composite membrane showed good repeatability. After 10 cycles, the retention rate of petroleum ether-in-water emulsion was still more than 99%, and the flux was more than 2000 L· m − 2 · h − 1 . Since strong adhesion ability of PDA and the covalent interaction between NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) and Sep, the chemically stable NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)/Sep/PDA composite membrane was exposed to the strong acid (pH=1), alkali (pH=11), and salt (5% saturated NaCl) solutions showed excellent chemically stable. These outstanding properties made the composite membrane have great potential in the removal of oily wastewater. [Display omitted] • The composite membrane has good chemical stability in pH = 1, pH = 11%, and 5%NaCl. • After 10 cycles, the separation rate of the oil/water emulsions was above 99%. • The composite membrane had a high-efficiency separation performance of oil-in-water emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive oil leakage accidents and illegal discharge of oily wastewater have not just destroyed the sustainability of the ecological environment but caused permanent damage to marine ecosystems, which makes it urgent to handle it. In this paper, by means of sol-gel, micro-nan silica that grew from the surface of fibrous sepiolite was organically modified with 1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS). The superhydrophobic sepiolite/silica firmly attached to the surface of polyurethane sponge under the action of oily epoxy resin with strong adhesion. The sponge exhibited superhydrophobicity and excellent selective oil adsorption capacity (19.98–40 times of their own weight). More importantly, besides the effective separation of immiscible oil-water mixtures (the separation rate reached 98.72%), it could also efficiently separate oil with water and oil with salt solution emulsions. In addition, the sponges kept hydrophobic even after floating in extremely corrosive liquids for 20 h, showing a strong resistance to strong acidic as well as alkaline liquids. After 100 times of mechanical compression, the three-dimensional structure of sponge held still and the water contact angle was greater than 144°, demonstrating an excellent mechanical stability, which provided a reference for its practical application in oil-water separation. [Display omitted] • Superhydrophobic sepiolite/silica was prepared though improved Stöber method. • The superhydrophobic sponge exhibited excellent oil adsorption capacity. • The prepared sponges showed strong resistance to acidic and alkaline liquids. • Compression experiment showed F-Sep/3-SiO 2 sponge with great mechanical property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with psychiatric comorbidities. However, the association between IBD and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts has not been well established. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship between IBD and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide.Methods: We systematically searched five electronic databases - PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO - from their inception to January 28, 2022. Quality assessment, data synthesis, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias assessment were performed on the included studies.Results: We identified 28 studies with 1,047,755 patients with IBD. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation in patients with IBD was 17.3% (95% CI, 9.5%-25.2%). Patients with IBD were associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts (relative risk [RR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08-1.79) and suicide deaths (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.43) than the controls without IBD. Patients with Crohn's disease subtypes, female IBD, pediatric-onset IBD, young adult IBD, and short-duration IBD had a particularly high risk for suicide.Conclusion: Patients with IBD had a high prevalence of suicidal ideation and a significantly higher likelihood of suicide attempts and suicide. Caring for patients with IBD, including their mental health needs, may require concerted efforts among gastroenterologists and other healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Review: 171 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cyclodextrin (CD) can form supramolecular hydrogel based on host–guest interaction. • α-, γ-CD form pseudopolyrotaxane hydrogel with polyethylene glycol-based polymers. • β-CD form supramolecular hydrogel with small molecules-based polymers. • CD-based supramolecular hydrogel for local drug delivery were discussed in detail. • Challenges and prospect for CD-based supramolecular hydrogel. Cyclodextrin (CD) is one of the most versatile substances produced by nature and can form supramolecular hydrogels with polymers or small molecules based on non-covalent interactions such as host–guest interaction and hydrogen bonding. CD-based host–guest supramolecular hydrogels have a widespread application in the field of local drug delivery due to their unique properties, such as excellent biocompatibility, shear-thinning nature, and stimuli responsiveness. In this review, we briefly introduce the formation of supramolecular hydrogels with different types of CD (α, β, and γ-CD) and in vitro physicochemical characteristics of these hydrogels. We also describe CD-based host–guest supramolecular hydrogels application in local drug delivery, ranging from intra-tumoral/peritumoral, subcutaneous, intra-articular, bone defect site, intramyocardial and ocular administration to transdermal and intra-renal administration. In addition, this review discusses the challenges and future directions about the clinical translation of CD-based host–guest supramolecular hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penta-twinned Rh@Pt core–shell nanobranches with synchronously engineered Pt-shell thickness and surface defects were created to serve as high-performance bifunctional hydrogen redox electrocatalysts. [Display omitted] • The PTw Rh@Pt x NBs have been facilely fabricated via a seed-mediated method. • The Pt-shell thickness can be precisely controlled in several atomic layers. • Surface twinned defects, compressive strain and the ligand effect are integrated. • The bifunctional Rh@Pt x NBs show excellent HER and HOR performance in an alkaline medium. Surface defects on electrocatalysts can effectively reduce reaction barriers and facilitate the kinetics of hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER/HOR). However, precisely engineering such surface structures remains a significant challenge. Herein, penta-twinned (PTw) Rh@Pt x core–shell nanobranches (NBs) with intense surface strains were facilely synthesized using PTw Rh NBs as the seeds for overgrowth of active Pt-shells. Through precisely regulating the supply of Pt precursor solution via a micro-syringe pump, the ultrathin Pt-shells conform to and replicate the twin defects of the PTw Rh seeds. Significantly, the shell thickness can be precisely controlled from 1.0, 2.0, and 3.8 to 5.0 atomic layers. Due to the integration of surface twinned defects, compressive strain and the core–shell ligand effect, these Rh@Pt x NBs exhibit superior hydrogen redox electrocatalytic performance compared to state-of-the-art Pt/C. Among the prepared materials, the Rh@Pt 0.83 NBs with a 3.8 atomic layer Pt-shell showed the highest mass activity (2.36 A mg Pt −1) and specific activity (6.55 mA cm−2) for HER at –0.07 V and presented the lowest overpotential (44 mV) at 10 mA cm−2, less than half the overpotential of the commercial Pt/C (98 mV). In terms of HOR, the Rh@Pt 0.83 NBs showed a superior exchange current density (1.97 mA cm−2), approximately 7 times higher than that of Pt/C. Our work provides a facile method to synchronously engineer the Pt-shell thickness and surface defects of Rh@Pt core–shell nanocatalysts for the creation of robust and bifunctional hydrogen redox electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• COS combined with running promoted the health of rats by benefited the immune status. •.The combination led to changes in some immune indicators. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) degraded by chitosan, is an easily accessible and biocompatible natural molecule, which can facilitate the immune system. Running is one of the most effective forms of exercise. Persistence in running can effectively improve the body's resistance against pathogens. However, whether the combination of COS and running could benefit immune status still remains to be elucidated. We used Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to explore the combinatory effect of COS and running. The organs and blood of the rats were collected after four weeks and the organ body mass index, biochemical and blood routine examination, cytokines, and T cells in the spleen and blood were detected and analyzed. In the group intragastric administration of COS only, the level of blood lactate dehydrogenase was increased, while the blood creatinine, red blood cells, lymphocytes, and serum TNF were decreased. Furthermore, COS combined with running promoted the development of spleen and lung, the level of lymphocytes, T cell and CD8+ T cell ratio in the blood, and serum TNF level. At the same time, the level of lactate dehydrogenase, serum IL-2, and T cell ratio in spleen were decreased. Therefore, our study indicated that COS combined with running could improve the immune status of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]