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IntroductionKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute idiopathic systemic vasculitis with a self- limiting course that predominantly affects children under 5 years old, particularly in the East Asian countries. Nevertheless, to date, the data on KD in Malaysia are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of KD among the pediatric patients admitted to Hospital Canselor Tunku Muhriz (HCTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.MethodA retrospective cohort study of 66,500 pediatric patients presented at HCTM from the year 2004 to 2021 was conducted.Results62 KD cases out of 66,500 pediatric admissions were reported, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.58 to 1. Majority of KD patients (95.0%) were younger than 5 years old. Prior infection was reported in 5 KD patients (8.1%). Apart from the classical features, manifestations of various organ systems including cardiovascular (16.1%), gastrointestinal (43.5%), neurological (1.61%), musculoskeletal (1.61%), and genitourinary (17.7%) systems were observed. There was a significant association between sterile pyuria and coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) (p p p DiscussionThe presence of family history, immunological disorder, and previous infection in our KD patients suggested that there is a possibility of genetic, immunological, and infectious roles in the pathophysiology of KD. IVIG resistance is more likely to occur in KD patients with hepatic dysfunction or incomplete KD presentation. These findings highlighted the significant contribution of laboratory parameters to the prognosis of KD, prompting more in-depth research on the KD scoring systems and their relevance in this country.

Myriad neuropsychiatric disorders are due to dopamine dysfunction. However, understanding these disorders is limited by our ability to measure dopamine storage and release. Fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFNs), small-molecule dyes that co-transit through the synaptic vesicle cycle, have allowed us to image dopamine in cell culture and acute brain slice, but in vivo microscopy is constrained by the biopenetrance of light. Here, we adapt FFNs into magnetic resonance false neurotransmitters (MFNs). The design principles guiding MFNs are (1) the molecule is a valid false neurotransmitter and (2) it has a 19F-substituent near a pH-sensing functional group, which (3) has pKa close to 6 so that the probe within vesicles is protonated. We demonstrate that MFN103 meets these criteria. While a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signal was too low for measurement in vivo with the current technology, in principle, MFNs can quantify neurotransmitters within and without synaptic vesicles, which may underlie noninvasive in vivo analysis of dopamine neurotransmission.

The growth of SrRuO$_3$ (SRO) thin film with high-crystallinity and low residual resistivity (RR) is essential to explore its intrinsic properties. Here, utilizing the adsorption-controlled growth technique, the growth condition of initial SrO layer on TiO$_2$-terminated SrTiO$_3$ (STO) (001) substrate was found to be crucial for achieving a low RR in the resulting SRO film grown afterward. The optimized initial SrO layer shows a $c$(2 x 2) superstructure that was characterized by electron diffraction, and a series of SRO films with different thicknesses ($t$s) were then grown. The resulting SRO films exhibit excellent crystallinity with orthorhombic-phase down to $t \approx$ 4.3 nm, which was confirmed by high resolution X-ray measurements. From azimuthal X-ray scan for SRO orthorhombic (021) reflection, we uncover four structural domains with a dominant domain of orthorhombic SRO [001] along cubic STO [010] direction. The dominant domain population depends on $t$, STO miscut angle (${\alpha}$), and miscut direction (${\beta}$), giving a volume fraction of about 92 $\%$ for $t \approx$ 26.6 nm and (${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$) ~ (0.14$^{\rm o}$, 5$^{\rm o}$). On the other hand, metallic and ferromagnetic properties were well preserved down to $t \approx$ 1.2 nm. Residual resistivity ratio (RRR = ${\rho}$(300 K)/${\rho}$(5 K)) reduces from 77.1 for $t \approx$ 28.5 nm to 2.5 for $t \approx$ 1.2 nm, while ${\rho}$(5 K) increases from 2.5 $\mu\Omega$cm for $t \approx$ 28.5 nm to 131.0 $\mu\Omega$cm for $t \approx$ 1.2 nm. The ferromagnetic onset temperature ($T_c\prime$) of around 151 K remains nearly unchanged down to $t \approx$ 9.0 nm and decreases to 90 K for $t \approx$ 1.2 nm. Our finding thus provides a practical guideline to achieve high crystallinity and low RR in ultra-thin SRO films by simply adjusting the growth of initial SrO layer., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures

We report crystal growth, AC and DC magnetic susceptibilities [χ(T, H)], magnetization [M(T, H)], and heat capacity [CP(T, H)] measurement results of GdSbTe single crystal. GdSbTe is isostructural to the confirmed nonmagnetic nodal-line semimetal ZrSiS of noncentrosymmetric tetragonal crystal structure in space group P4/nmm (No. 129), but it shows additional long-range antiferromagnetic spin ordering for the Gd spins of S = 7/2 below TN. Both χ(T, H) and CP(T, H) measurements confirm the existence of a long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin ordering of Gd spins below TN ∼ 12 K, and an additional spin reorientation/recovery (sr) behavior is identified from the change of on-site spin anisotropy between Tsr1 ∼ 7 and Tsr2 ∼ 4 K. The anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities of χ(T, H) below TN clearly demonstrate that the AFM long-range spin ordering of GdSbTe has an easy axis parallel to the ab-plane direction. The field- and orientation-dependent magnetization of M(T, H) at 2 K shows two plateaus to indicate the spin-flop transition for H||ab near ∼2.1 T and a metamagnetic state near ∼5.9 T having ∼1/3 of the fully polarized magnetization by the applied field. The heat capacity measurement results yield Sommerfeld coefficient of γ ∼ 7.6(4) mJ/mol K2 and θD ∼ 195(2) K being less than half of that for the nonmagnetic ZrSiS. A three-dimensional (3D) AFM spin structure is supported by the ab initio calculations for Gd having magnetic moment of 7.1 μB and the calculated AFM band structure indicates that GdSbTe is a semimetal with bare density of states (0.36 states/eV fu) at the Fermi level, which is 10 times smaller than the measured one to suggest strong spin-fluctuation.

Micro- and nanoscale surface topographies that give rise to superhydrophobic surfaces have been achieved mostly on 2-dimensional planar objects. Increasing interests in superhydrophobic surfaces on consumer products, optics, and biomedical devices demand topographic patterning on free-form nonplanar surfaces via a high throughput manufacturing process such as injection molding. However, successes in high-resolution (submicrometer) injection molding have been limited to flat and planar objects. A challenge associated with achieving submicrometer surface resolution on a 3-dimensional curved object lies in the control of the replication process in a multiscale mold cavity and the nonuniform temperature and pressure distribution over a macroscopically curved mold insert. Here, a two-step simulation approach is employed to investigate the replication of polymer in the macroscopic and submicrometer cavities. Both simulation and experimental data revealed the effects of holding pressure, mold temperature, and ma...

We fabricated HfO2-based gate stacks on epi-Si0.5Ge0.5 substrates and investigated the effect of thermal treatment on their structural and electrical properties at varying temperatures and pressures in oxygen ambient. The thermal treatment process led to severe degradation of interface quality as the temperature increased. Material analyses indicated that annealing in oxygen ambient resulted in oxygen diffusion from the high- ${\kappa }$ material to the SiGe surface, causing undesirable SiGe reoxidation. In high-vacuum annealing, an interface state density of approximately ${1.4}\times {10}^{{11}}$ eV−1 cm−2 and a thermal stability of up to 500 °C were achieved for the gate stack on SiGe.

A Cu(ii)-[di(2-methylpyridyl)methylamino]coumarin fluorescence turn-on sensor (Cu-1b) is designed to detect phosphate ions with Kass = 1.4 × 105 M-1 in HEPES buffer. Cu-1b is applied to probe the GlgE-catalyzed maltose-transfer reaction of α-maltose-1-phosphate to α-1,4-glucan with concomitant release of phosphate ions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that manifests clinically as comedones, papules, nodules, and cysts. In this single center, open-label pilot study (ISRCTN13992386), we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of UP256 cream, a newly patented topical product containing 0.5% bakuchiol, on facial acne and acne-related post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). A series of 13 subjects enriched for Fitzpatrick skin types IIInVI with mild or moderate acne received treatment with UP256 twice daily for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included changes in inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions as well as a reduction in Evaluator Global Severity Score (EGSS) assessments of acne severity and PIH. Safety, adverse events, and cutaneous tolerability were evaluated throughout the study. UP256 significantly reduced the number of inflammatory lesions and improved existing PIH. UP256 was also cosmetically acceptable and well tolerated by all study subjects. Overall, our results demonstrate that monotherapy with UP256 improves mild to moderate acne and may be particularly well suited for individuals with skin of color. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(3):307-310. doi:10.36849/JDD.2021.5655.

In this paper, we fabricated TiN/HfO 2 -based gate stacks on epi- Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 substrates with remarkably low interface trap density (Dit) by optimizing the temperature and pressure in the annealing ambient. We found that oxygen in ambient play a subtle role in the resultant properties of the gate stack. During annealing, insufficient oxygen supply to the stack cannot effectively repair the slow oxide traps, while too much oxygen will cause excess SiGe surface oxidation and lead to higher Dit. For the first time, the impact of diffused oxygen during thermal processing on the electrical properties of the TiN/HfO 2 /IL/SiGe gate stack is systematically investigated.

Graphical abstract, Introduction Space travel nowadays relies on physical ejection of propellants, which is challenged by reachable distance of a vehicle in desirable time. In contrast, electromagnetic propulsion was proposed to be a potential solution without need of carrying bulky mass of propellants, by using force interaction of local magnetic dipoles with the external natural magnetic field. Further development of this technique, however, has been daunted by extremely small magnetic induction that can be obtained. Objectives To generate a significant thrust by a system with a reasonable scale, we propose an alternative concept of design, based on the variation of local magnetic dipole moments that has not been considered. Methods A magnetic dipole is created by wrapping a solenoid around an iron core. It is varied spatially by changing the cross-sectional area of the solenoid, hence giving a gradient of magnetic dipole moment. The interaction force is measured by an in-house force sensor based on a cantilever, which has a high sensitivity of one micro-Newton. In addition, numerical simulation is used to calculate the magnetic field and created force via the Maxwell stress tensor. Results As shown by experimental measurements and numerical simulations, a substantially larger magnitude of force is obtained on the solenoid with varying cross-sectional area, indicating a much stronger interaction with the geomagnetic field. Furthermore, to enhance electric current with negligible dissipation, a superconducting solenoid can be adopted at low temperature in space. With readily attainable conditions of operation, we demonstrate generation of a thrust comparable to that of present electric propulsion thrusters which are deemed as the most promising techniques for long-term space travel. Conclusions By incorporating supplementary means, we provide a breakthrough solution for constructing an efficient thruster with minimal energy consumption and nearly null propellant load for near-Earth transportation and deep-space exploration.

This paper presents results on the coexistence of fluid and superfluidity phases or the interface superconductivity in LaAlO3/SrTiO3. The orbital nature of an electron largely affects its spin-orbit interaction, which can be determined independently either from the weak-localization model in normal state or from the upper critical fields in superconducting state. A discrepancy in the extracted spin-orbit coupling parameters is uncovered

In this work, we present our study of suspended graphene with low-energy electrons based on a point projection microscopic/diffractive imaging technique. Both exfoliated and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene samples were studied in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. This method allows imaging of individual adsorbates at the nanometer scale and characterizing graphene layers, graphene lattice orientations, ripples on graphene membranes, etc. We found that long-duration exposure to low-energy electron beams induced aggregation of adsorbates on graphene when the electron dose rate was above a certain level. We also discuss the potential of this technique to conduct coherent diffractive imaging for determining the atomic structures of biological molecules adsorbed on suspended graphene.

Large size (∼2 cm) single crystals of layered MoTe2 in both 2H- and 1T′-types were synthsized using TeBr4 as the source of Br2 transport agent in chemical vapor transport growth. The crystal structures of the as-grown single crystals were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and electrical resistivity (ρ) measurements. The resistivity ρ(T), magnetic susceptibility χ(T), and heat capacity Cp(T) measurement results reveal a first order structural phase transition near ∼240 K for 1T′-MoTe2, which has been identified to be the orthorhombic Td-phase of MoTe2 as a candidate of Weyl semimetal. The STM study revealed different local defect geometries found on the surface of 2H- and Td-types of MoTe6 units in trigonal prismatic and distorted octahedral coordination, respectively.

Cadmium arsenide is a time-honored material within condensed matter physics, with the first investigations dating back to the thirties. Nowadays, after theorists predicted a pair of symmetry-protected three-dimensional Dirac cones in its band structure, cadmium arsenide is going through an intense revival. Cadmium arsenide is now thought of as a three-dimensional analogue of graphene. Several experimental studies showed compelling evidence of conical bands in this material, revealing a number of interesting properties and phenomena. To interpret them correctly, a detailed understanding of the basic material parameters has become even more important than before. To this end, the authors extensively review the past and current knowledge of cadmium arsenide. They start with the crystal lattice properties, and continue with the technological aspects of its crystal growth. This is followed by a discussion of the theoretical and experimental results, leading to different possible views of this material's electronic bands.

The experimental realization of quasi-two-dimensional hole gas at the complex oxide interface has long been a grand challenge that may open up new possibilities for oxide-based electronics. ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (STO)-capped ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$ (LAO)/${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (100) is a potential candidate that has been recently demonstrated to show possible electron-hole bilayer conducting channels near the interfaces of the heterostructure. In this work we present a systematic investigation on the structural and magnetotransport properties of STO-capped and uncapped LAO/STO (100) samples that were grown by an oxide molecular beam epitaxy system. The STO/LAO/STO (100) samples exhibit metallic interfaces down to $T$ = 2 K even with a LAO thickness of merely 3 unit cells (3-uc). On the contrary for uncapped LAO(5-uc)/STO (100) samples the conducting interface becomes insulating at lower temperatures due to the surface adsorbate on top of the LAO as revealed from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The magnetotransport data at different back-gate voltages for STO-capped and uncapped LAO/STO (100) samples were analyzed and compared to each other using the two-band model. The presence of two types of charge carriers with opposite signs is uniquely found for STO/LAO/STO (100) samples which is in big contrast to the uncapped LAO/STO (100) samples with only electron-type carriers. Our results support the coexistence of electron-type and hole-type carriers in the STO/LAO/STO (100) heterostructure where their sheet densities and mobilities can be tuned significantly by electrical gating effect and the layer thickness of the heterostructure.

We report the extremely large magnetoresistance and anisotropic magnetoresistance in a non-magnetic semimetallic NbAs2 single crystal. Unsaturated transverse XMR with quadratic field dependence has been observed to be ~3 × 105 % at 2 K and 15 T. Up to 12.5 K, clear Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) quantum oscillations were observed from which two distinct Fermi pockets were identified. The corresponding quantum electronic parameters such as effective cyclotron mass and Dingle temperature were obtained using Lifshitz-Kosevich formula. From the field dependent Hall resistivity at 2 K, carrier concentrations n e (n h ) = 6.7691 (6.4352) × 1025 m−3 and mobilities μ e (μ h ) = 5.6676 (7.6947) m2 V−1 s−1 for electrons (e) and holes (h) were extracted using semiclassical two-band model fitting. We observed large anisotropic magnetoresistance about 84%, 75%, and 12% at 0.75 T and 6 K for three different orientations γ, θ and ϕ, respectively, similar to that in several topological semimetallic systems. Magnetic properties of NbAs2 are similar to the case of graphite, without any phase transition in the temperature range from 5 K to 300 K.

Cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) has recently became conspicuous in solid-state physics due to several reports proposing that it hosts a pair of symmetry-protected 3D Dirac cones. Despite vast investigations, a solid experimental insight into the band structure of this material is still missing. Here we fill one of the existing gaps in our understanding of Cd3As2, and based on our Landau level spectroscopy study, we provide an estimate for the energy scale of 3D Dirac electrons in this system. We find that the appearance of such charge carriers is limited - contrary to a widespread belief in the solid-state community - to a relatively small energy scale (below 40 meV)., Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev. B

We report the extremely large magnetoresistance and anisotropic magnetoresistance in a non-magnetic semimetallic NbAs2 single crystal. Unsaturated transverse XMR with quadratic field dependence has been observed to be ~3 × 105 % at 2 K and 15 T. Up to 12.5 K, clear Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) quantum oscillations were observed from which two distinct Fermi pockets were identified. The corresponding quantum electronic parameters such as effective cyclotron mass and Dingle temperature were obtained using Lifshitz-Kosevich formula. From the field dependent Hall resistivity at 2 K, carrier concentrations ne(nh) = 6.7691 (6.4352) × 1025 m−3 and mobilities μe (μh) = 5.6676 (7.6947) m2 V−1 s−1 for electrons (e) and holes (h) were extracted using semiclassical two-band model fitting. We observed large anisotropic magnetoresistance about 84%, 75%, and 12% at 0.75 T and 6 K for three different orientations γ, θ and ϕ, respectively, similar to that in several topological semimetallic systems. Magnetic properties of NbAs2 are similar to the case of graphite, without any phase transition in the temperature range from 5 K to 300 K.

This paper proposes a weighted point matrix based supplier evaluation method for the oil and gas industry. The survey and interview are conducted to determine the weighted point matrix. The case study of an oil and gas company evidences the proposed method is feasible and efficient while it is applied to evaluating the suppliers in the company.

By both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, we investigated the magnetic and electronic properties of Li2Cu(WO4)2 as a tungstate-bridged quasi-one-dimensional (1D) copper spin-(1/2) chain system. Interestingly, magnetic susceptibility χ(T) and specific heat measurements show that the system undergoes a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AF)-like ordering at TN ≈ 3.7 K, below a broad χ(T) maximum at ∼8.9 K indicating a low-dimensional short-range AF spin correlation. Bonner-Fisher model fitting of χ(T) leads to an AF intrachain exchange constant of J/kB = 15.8 ± 0.1 K, and mean-field theory estimation gives an interchain coupling constant of J⊥/kB = 1.6 K, which supports the quasi-1D nature of this spin system. Theoretical evaluation of exchange coupling constants within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) plus on-site Coulomb interaction (U) shows that the dominant AF exchange interaction is of ∼13.9 K along the a-axis with weak interchain coupling, in agreement with the experimental result of a quasi-1D spin-(1/2) chain system. The GGA+U calculations also predict that Li2Cu(WO4)2 is a charge transfer-type AF semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.5 eV.

We report on infrared transmission and reflectivity experiments performed on Cd 3 As 2 in a wide range of the photon energies and magnetic fields. The observed magneto-optical response unambiguously indicates the presence of 3D massless charge carriers. The detailed analysis of cyclotron resonances implies the presence of massless Kane electrons at a large energy scale, while the symmetry-protected 3D Dirac cones may appear at a small scale.

In a superconducting nanostructure, phase fluctuations are prominent and give rise to finite resistance below superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$. By using a monolayer polymer/nanosphere hybrid we developed previously, we fabricated a large array of interconnected niobium (Nb) honeycomb lattices with the thinnest interconnected linewidth $d$ ranging from 36 nm to 89 nm. The honeycomb cells form a highly ordered triangular lattice with more than ${10}^{8}$ unit cells extending over few ${\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$ area, which enables the detailed transport study at nanometer scales. We found ${T}_{c}$ gradually drops with decreasing $d$ due to the phase-slip effect, while the critical field at lower temperature tends to follow that of a continuous Nb thin film. One likely scenario is to consider a model system of numerous superconducting islands interconnected by short phase-slip junctions, where the phase coherence is dictated by the phase slippage in the nanoconstriction. This was strongly supported by the excellent fitting to the thermally activated phase-slip model and also the unusual phenomena of transition width narrowing in high fields.

The interface between LaAlO3 (LAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) has attracted enormous interests due to its rich physical phenomena, such as metallic nature, magnetism and superconductivity. In this work, we report our experimental investigations on the influence of the LAO stoichiometry to the metallic interface. Taking advantage of the oxide molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique, a series of high quality LAO films with different nominal La/Al ratios and LAO thicknesses were grown on the TiO2-terminated STO substrates, where systematic variations of the LAO lattice constant and transport property were observed. In particular, the sheet density can be largely reduced by nearly an order of magnitude with merely about 20% increase in the nominal La/Al ratio. Our finding provides an effective method on tuning the electron density of the two-dimensional electron liquid (2DEL) at the LAO/STO interface.

Low-dimensional materials could display anomalous thermal conduction that the thermal conductivity (κ) diverges with increasing lengths, in ways inconceivable in any bulk materials. However, previous theoretical or experimental investigations were plagued with many finite-size effects, rendering the results either indirect or inconclusive. Indeed, investigations on the anomalous thermal conduction must demand the sample length to be sufficiently long so that the phenomena could emerge from unwanted finite-size effects. Here we report experimental observations that the κ's of single-wall carbon nanotubes continuously increase with their lengths over 1 mm, reaching at least 8640 W/mK at room temperature. Remarkably, the anomalous thermal conduction persists even with the presence of defects, isotopic disorders, impurities, and surface absorbates. Thus, we demonstrate that the anomalous thermal conduction in real materials can persist over much longer distances than previously thought. The finding would open new regimes for wave engineering of heat as well as manipulating phonons at macroscopic scales.

We have grown few unit cells of epitaxial LaAlO3 (LAO) on TiO2 terminated SrTiO3 (STO) substrates using oxide MBE technique, which shows an interface superconductivity below about 0.3 K. By fabricating a back gate electrode via the STO substrate, the superconductor-to-insulator transition was observed by applying gate voltages on a macroscopic size of the two-dimensional electron liquid (2DEL) at the interface of LAO/STO. From the superconducting critical field anisotropy measurements, a sizable spin-orbit coupling is found to present in the superconducting phase, where the upper limit of the spin-orbit coupling strength can be largely tuned by gate voltages. In addition, magnetotransport anomaly was observed when depleting the electron density and thus driving the 2DEL into insulating phase, suggesting an inhomogeneous density distribution and also a possible multiband conduction in the 2DEL.

The anisotropic superconducting properties of PbTaSe

We have investigated the dielectric and magnetic properties of the spin-1/2 compounds Ba 3 Cr 2 O 8 and Sr 3 Cr 2 O 8 . For Ba 3 Cr 2 O 8 , the real part dielectric constant e ′( T ) exhibit a frequency-independent peak near the Jahn-Teller transition temperature T JT = 70 K. However, no anomaly in the e ′( T ) curve is observed near T JT = 275 K for the isostructural compound Sr 3 Cr 2 O 8 . The difference in the e ′( T ) behaviors may be attributed to the different onset temperatures of the phonon mode splitting in the samples. Dielectric relaxation analysis revealed that extrinsic contribution due to Maxwell–Wagner effect dominated at high temperatures for both compounds. The magnetization data reveal the occurrence of antiferromagnetic interactions between the Cr 5+ ions and the χ ( T ) curves can be described by the Bleaney–Bowers equation for both compounds.

We demonstrate a polymer-free method that can routinely transfer relatively large-area graphene to any substrate with advanced electrical properties and superior atomic and chemical structures as compared to the graphene sheets transferred with conventional polymer-assisted methods. The graphene films that are transferred with polymer-free method show high electrical conductance and excellent optical transmittance. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray/ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy also confirm the presence of high quality graphene sheets with little contamination after transfer. Atom-resolved images can be obtained using scanning tunneling microscope on as-transferred graphene sheets without additional cleaning process. The mobility of the polymer-free graphene monolayer is as high as 63,000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is 50% higher than the similar sample transferred with the conventional method. More importantly, this method allows us to place graphene directly on top of devices made of soft materials, such as organic and polymeric thin films, which widens the applications of graphene in soft electronics.

We report a room temperature agglomeration (RTA) procedure to grow highly homogeneous and impurity-free BiTeI single crystals safely. The proposed four-step procedure of mixing and heating is able to prevent severe iodine loss and avoid the danger of explosion during large scale crystal growth. Following the RTA treatment of the precursor, the single crystals obtained from three different growth methods, including vertical Bridgman, melt growth and chemical vapour transport (CVT), were compared. Crystals grown using the Bridgman method showed the highest residual-resistance ratio (RRR) and mobility, and the largest domain size among the three. The crystal quality and purity have been confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA), resistivity, TEM, and STM. Additionally, Mn-intercalated and -substituted BiTeI crystals have also been investigated.

High‐resolution surface patterning has garnered interests as a nonchemical‐based surface engineering approach for creating functional surfaces. Applications in consumer products, parts for transportation vehicles, optics, and biomedical technologies demand topographic patterning on 3D net shape objects. Through a hybrid approach, high‐resolution surface texture is incorporated onto 3D‐printed polymers via direct thermal nanoimprinting process. The synergy of geometry design freedom in 3D printing and the high spatial resolution in nanoimprinting is demonstrated to be a versatile fabrication of high‐fidelity surface pattern (from 2 µm to 200 nm resolution) on convex, concave semicylindrical, and hemispherical objects spanning a range of surface curvatures. The novel hybrid fabrication is further extended to achieve a high‐resolution curved mold insert for rapid prototyping via injection molding. The versatility of the fabrication strategies reported here not only provides a post‐3D printing process that enhances the surface properties of 3D‐printed objects but also opens a new pathway to enable future study on the effects of combining microscale and nanoscale surface texture with macroscopic curvature. Both have been known, individually, as an effective approach to tune surface functionalities.

Dirac nodal line semimetals represent a new state of quantum matters in which the electronic bands touch to form a closed loop with linear dispersion. Here, we report a combined study on ZrSiS by density functional theory calculation, scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and magneto-transport measurements. Our STM measurements reveal the spectroscopic signatures of a diamond-shaped Dirac bulk band and a surface band on two types of cleaved surfaces as well as a spin polarized surface band at ${\bar{\Gamma}}$ at E~0.6eV on S-surface, consistent with our band calculation. Furthermore, we find the surface termination does not affect the surface spectral weight from the Dirac bulk bands but greatly affect the surface bands due to the change in the surface orbital composition. From our magneto-transport measurements, the primary Shubnikov de-Haas frequency is identified to stem from the hole-type quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surface between {\Gamma} and X. The extracted non-orbital magnetoresistance (MR) contribution D($\theta$, H) yields a nearly H-linear dependence, which is attributed to the intrinsic MR in ZrSiS. Our results demonstrate the unique Dirac line nodes phase and the dominating role of Zr-d orbital on the electronic structure in ZrSiS and the related compounds.