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To investigate the seismic performance of underground structures under the action of the structure-soil interface, in this study, experiments were performed using plexiglass structures (two pieces) and a concrete structure (one piece) as the research objects. The surface of one plexiglass structure was prepainted with a layer of cement mortar as the contact surface between the structure and soil, and the other plexiglass structure was not treated and used for comparison. A rigid model box measuring 2.25 m × 2.25 m × 1.5 m was placed on a 3 m × 3 m shaking table, and the box was filled with the configured model soil and the underground structure prepared in advance. Input transverse uniform excitation was imparted to the whole system. A shaking table model test was performed on the underground structures to analyse the acceleration response, stress strain, and earth pressure changes in the underground structure, and the influence of the contact surface on the seismic dynamics of the underground structure was evaluated. The test results showed that under uniform excitation, the dynamic characteristics of the underground structures were greatly affected by the intensity and depth of the seismic waves. (1) When the soil-structure contact was considered, the stress and strain of the structures increased significantly, and the stress-strain value was significantly greater than the stress-strain value of the soil-structure interface in a fully bonded state. (2) There were inconsistencies between the acceleration peak curve of the plexiglass structure considering the contact effect and the acceleration peak curve of the plexiglass structure without considering the contact effect. The difference between the two lies mainly in the corresponding maximum peak acceleration and the Fourier spectrum amplitude. With respect to the value and frequency composition, regardless of whether the input acceleration intensity was 0.2 g or 0.5 g, the peak acceleration of the organic structure was greater when the contact surface effect was considered than without the contact surface effect. Therefore, the structure-soil interface needs to be considered in actual engineering. The presence of the contact surface improves the safety of the structure and is helpful for seismic design. The results of this study provide a basis for further research on the influence of soil-pipe contact on the seismic response of underground structures.

Exosomes are spherical lipid bilayer vesicles composed of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids that deliver signaling molecules through a vesicular transport system to regulate the function and morphology of target cells, thereby involving in a variety of biological processes, such as cell apoptosis or proliferation, and cytokine production. In the past decades, there are emerging evidence that exosomes play pivotal roles in the pathological mechanisms of several autoimmune diseases (ADs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). systemic sclerosis (SSc), etc. Several publications have shown that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of ADs mainly through intercellular communication and by influencing the response of immune cells. The level of exosomes and the expression of nucleic acids can reflect the degree of disease progression and are excellent biomarkers for ADs. In addition, exosomes have the potential to be used as drug carriers thanks to their biocompatibility and stability. In this review, we briefly summarized the current researches regarding the biological functions of exosomes in ADs, and provided an insight into the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery for these diseases.

Amphioxus belongs to the subphylum cephalochordata, an extant representative of the most basal chordates, whose regulation of endocrine system remains ambiguous. Here we clearly demonstrated the existence of a functional GRP neuropeptide in amphioxus, which was able to interact with GRP receptor, activate both PKC and PKA pathways, increase gh, igf, and vegf expression. We also showed that the transcription level of amphioxus grp was affected by temperature and light, indicating the role of this gene in the regulation of energy balance and circadian rhythms. In addition, the expression of the amphioxus grp was detected in cerebral vesicle that has been proposed to be the homologous organ of vertebrate brain. These data collectively suggested that a functional GRP neuropeptide had already emerged in amphioxus, which provided insights into the evolutionary origin of GRP in chordate and the functional homology between the cerebral vesicle and vertebrate brain.

Emerging evidences have highlighted the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the liver cirrhosis, but the relationship between miR-130a-3p and liver cirrhosis is not entirely clear. As we all know, schistosomiasis, as one of the zoonoses, can lead to liver cirrhosis when it advances. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of miR-130a-3p on the liver fibrosis of schistosomiasisin vivoandin vitro. The mice infected withSchistosoma japonicum(S. japonicum)were treated with lentivirus vector (LV)-miR-130a-3p by hydrodynamic injection through the tail vein. Our findings showed significantly decreased expression of miR-130a-3p both in the serum of patients with cirrhosis and in the liver of mice infected withS. japonicum. The results showed that LV-miR-130a-3p could effectively enter into the liver and alleviate liver granulomatous inflammation and collagen deposition. Simultaneously, LV-miR-130a-3p-promoted macrophages presented the Ly6Clophenotype, concomitant with the decreased expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1, and increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, which contributed to the dissolution of collagen. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-130a-3p not only inhibited the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) but also induced the apoptosis of HSCs. In addition, we also confirmed that miR-130a-3p enables to bind with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 and transforming growth factor-beta receptors (TGFBR) 1 and TGFBR2 genes and inhibit the expressions of these genes. Our findings suggested that miR-130a-3p might represent as the potential candidate biomarker and therapeutic target for the prognosis identification and treatment of schistosomiasis liver fibrosis.

Several ribosomal proteins have been shown to adopt for an antimicrobial function as antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, information as such is rather limited and their mode of action remains ill-defined. Here we demonstrated that amphioxus RPL30, BjRPL30, was a previously uncharacterized AMP, which was not only capable of binding Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria via interaction with LPS, LTA and PGN but also capable of killing the bacteria. We also showed that the residues positioned at 2-46 formed the core region for the antimicrobial activity of BjRPL30. Notably, both the hydrophobic ratio and net charge as well as 3D structures of the residues corresponding to BjRPL302-27 and BjRPL3023-46 from both eukaryotic and prokaryotic RPL30 proteins were closely similar to those of BjRPL302-27 and BjRPL3023-46, suggesting the antibacterial activity of RPL30 was highly conserved. This was further corroborated by the fact that the synthesized counterparts human RPL5-30 and RPL26-49 also had antibacterial activity. We show that the recombinant protein BjRPL30 executes antimicrobial function in vitro by a kind of membranolytic action including interaction with bacterial membrane through LPS, LTA and PGN as well as induction of membrane depolarization. Finally, we found that neither BjRPL30 nor its truncated form BjRPL302-27 and BjRPL3023-46 had hemolytic activity towards human red blood cells, making them promising lead molecules for the design of novel AMPs against bacteria. Altogether, these indicated that RPL30 is a member of AMP which has ancient origin and is highly conserve throughout evolution.

Background: The fungal communities inhabiting natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis play critical ecological roles in alpine meadow ecosystem, contribute to infect host insect, influence the occurrence of O. sinensis, and are repertoire of potential novel metabolites discovery. However, a comprehensive understanding of fungal communities of O. sinensis remain elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to unravel fungal communities of natural O. sinensis using combination of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches. Results: A total of 280,519 high-quality sequences, belonging to 5 fungal phyla, 15 classes, 41 orders, 79 families, 112 genera, and 352 putative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from natural O. sinensis using high-throughput sequencing. Among of which, 43 genera were identified in external mycelial cortices, Ophiocordyceps, Sebacinia, Archaeorhizomyces were predominant genera with the abundance of 95.86%, 1.14%, 0.85%, respectively. A total of 66 genera were identified from soil microhabitat, Inocybe, Archaeorhizomyces, unclassified Thelephoraceae, Tomentella, Thelephora, Sebacina, unclassified Ascomycota, unclassified Fungi were predominant genera with an average abundance of 53.32%, 8.69%, 8.12%, 8.12%, 7.21%, 4.6%, 3.08% and 3.05%, respectively. The fungal communities in external mycelial cortices were significantly distinct from the soil microhabitat. Meanwhile, seven types of culture media were used to isolate culturable fungi at 16°C, resulted in 77 fungal strains isolated by rDNA ITS sequence analysis, belonging to 33 genera, including Ophiocordyceps, Trichoderma, Cytospora, Truncatella, Dactylonectria, Isaria, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Cosmospora and Paecilomyces, etc.. Among all culturable fungi, Mortierella and Trichoderma were predominant genera. Conclusions: The significantly differences and overlap in fungal community structure between two approaches highlight that the integration of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches would generate more information. Our result reveal a comprehensive understanding of fungal community structure of natural O. sinensis, provide new insight into O. sinensis associated fungi, and support that microbiota of natural O. sinensis is an untapped source for novel bioactive metabolites discovery.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a kind of classical multi-functional growth factor that plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, and the regulation of adipogenesis and thermogenesis. However, understanding of the role of BMPs in antiviral immunity is still limited. Here we demonstrate that Bmp8a is a newly-identified positive regulator for antiviral immune responses. The bmp8a−/− zebrafish, when infected with viruses, show reduced antiviral immunity and increased viral load and mortality. We also show for the first time that Bmp8a interacts with Alk6a, which promotes the phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 through p38 MAPK pathway, and induces the production of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of Bmp8a in regulation of antiviral immune responses and provides a target for controlling viral infection., Zhang, Liu and colleagues identify the role of Bmp8a in antiviral immunity in zebrafish and provide mechanistic insight into its function. Bmp8a could serve as a future target for investigative studies of antiviral immune responses.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a kind of classical multi-functional growth factor that plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, and the regulation of energy balance. Whether BMP plays a role in antiviral immunity is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Bmp8a is a newly-identified positive regulator for antiviral immune responses. The bmp8a−/− zebrafish, when infected with the viruses of GCRV, SVCV or TSVDV, show significantly reduced antiviral immunity, increased viral load and morbidity. We also show for the first time that Bmp8a interacts with Alk6a, which promotes the phosphorylation of Tbk1 and Irf3 through p38 MAPK pathway, and induces the production of type I IFNs in response to virus infection. Upon virus infection, bmp8a expression is activated through the binding of Stat1a/Stat1b to the GAS motifs in bmp8a promoter region, enlarging the antiviral innate immune signal. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of Bmp8a in regulation of antiviral immune responses and provides a new target for controlling viral infection.

In this study, poly(monoethylene diglycol sebacate) with a low molecular weight was synthesized from the reaction of ethylene diglycol and sebacic acid. The melt condensation reaction of the prepared polyester diol with citric acid produced a bioelastomer material comprising a network of transparent and flexible polyether esters. This material was amorphous, with a glass transition temperature of lower than 0°C. Its mechanical properties (tensile strength, 1.92–4.61 MPa; elongation at break, 201.9–348.9%) and degradation performance could be tuned by changing the molar ratio of the reacting monomers and controlling the crosslink curing time of the prepolymer. As a biological material, the as-synthesized elastomer showed good hydrophilicity, water-absorption capability, and dimensional stability.

C43H31Cl2N5O5S2Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a =16.9304(8) Å, b = 8.9706(5) Å, c = 27.6764(14) Å, β = 96.701(1)°, V = 4174.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0350, wRref(F2) = 0.094, T = 296 K.

To plan Internetware reliability in advance can effectively save cost and guarantee the reliability of Internet- ware system. The conversion method of Markov chain of Internetware based on architecture and the reliability calculation method are studied; the reliability function based on structure is proposed; the characteristics of the improvement of Inter- netware reliability is analyzed; the cost function of Internetware reliability is studied; the uncertainty of dynamic distribu- tion in a certain range and the distribution accuracy are improved; the pre-distribution is put forward; the effective planned distribution of Internetware reliability is realized by using optimization calculation algorithm. The experiments prove that the proposed method can effectively distribute Internetware reliability with high system reliability, low cost and short distribution calculation time.

To MTO on-line manufacturers, one of the most popular time-based competitive strategies is to widely advertise a uniform delivery time guarantee to all the customers. While providing time guarantee can be an effective marketing approach, it is critical for firms to reduce lead time to keep the promise. Decreasing lot size in batching is one of the most important levers to compress lead time in operation. This research expands existing blanket delivery-time guarantee models by integrating operation approach and marketing approach. The online manufacturers guaranteed delivery time model with order batching is established. Some analytic results are provided, and numerical examples are conducted to provide further insight into the problem. The effects of batch processing setup cost, unit inventory holding cost and unit compression cost of transportation time are analyzed. The results indicate that when batch processing setup cost decrease, unit inventory holding cost or unit compression cost of transportation time increase, the online manufacturer should decrease the lot size and shorten the guaranteed delivery time. The customers time and price sensitivities have adverse influences on the manufacturers delivery time decision.

Population genomics, a new paradigm for population genetics, combine the concepts and techniques of genomics with the theoretical system of population genetics and improve our understanding of microevolution through identification of site-specific effect and genome-wide effects using genome-wide polymorphic sites genotypeing. With the appearance and improvement of the next generation high-throughput sequencing technology, the numbers of plant species with complete genome sequences increased rapidly and large scale resequencing has also been carried out in recent years. Parallel sequencing has also been done in some plant species without complete genome sequences. These studies have greatly promoted the development of population genomics and deepened our understanding of the genetic diversity, level of linking disequilibium, selection effect, demographical history and molecular mechanism of complex traits of relevant plant population at a genomic level. In this review, I briely introduced the concept and research methods of population genomics and summarized the research progress of plant population genomics based on high-throughput sequencing. I also discussed the prospect as well as existing problems of plant population genomics in order to provide references for related studies.

Wild soybean, the direct progenitor of cultivated soybean, inhabits a wide distribution range across the mainland of East Asia and the Japanese archipelago. A multidisciplinary approach combining analyses of population genetics based on 20 nuclear microsatellites and one plastid locus were applied to reveal the genetic variation of wild soybean, and the contributions of geographical, environmental factors and historic climatic change on its patterns of genetic differentiation. High genetic diversity and significant genetic differentiation were revealed in wild soybean. Wild soybean was inferred to be limited to southern and central China during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and experienced large-scale post-LGM range expansion into northern East Asia. A substantial northward range shift has been predicted to occur by the 2080s. A stronger effect of isolation by environment (IBE) versus isolation by geographical distance (IBD) was found for genetic differentiation in wild soybean, which suggested that environmental factors were responsible for the adaptive eco-geographical differentiation. This study indicated that IBE and historical climatic change together shaped patterns of genetic variation and differentiation of wild soybean. Different conservation measures should be implemented on different populations according to their adaptive potential to future changes in climate and human-induced environmental changes.

Logistic regression model refers a regress analysis contains two types of variants. In geohazard analysis, each geological factor can be defined as independent variable, whether a geohazard happened or not can be defined as a dependent variable. 1 represents an occurrence of a hazard while 0 represents a hazard doesn’t break out. Because those factors aren’t continual variable, lineal regress is inadequate to deduce the relationship of such kind of independent and dependent variable. Therefore using logistic regress method is a feasible way to solve such technique problem.

The process of constructing index factors in regional geohazard forecasting is based on profound research and a comprehension of geohazard mechanisms. Taking a geohazard early warning system in Huaying Mountain, China, as an example, principles and key points on establishing those factors are elaborately analyzed and how to quantify them in a system is represented explicitly.

Geohazards occur in south west mountain area of China each year frequently. Therefore, selecting a typical region to establish a geohazard early warning system and to research the mechanisms of geohazard can greatly improve the ability of geohazard prevention in that mountain area, and then a geohazard early warning system is established at Huaying Mountain region. This article not only presents the construction of that system, but also elaborately analyses mechanism of some geohazards in that mountain region.

Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc) is the most important germplasm resource for soybean breeding, and is currently subject to habitat loss, fragmentation and population decline. In order to develop successful conservation strategies, a total of 604 wild soybean accessions from 43 locations sampled across its range in China, Japan and Korea were analyzed using 20 nuclear (nSSRs) and five chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs) to reveal its genetic diversity and population structure. Relatively high nSSR diversity was found in wild soybean compared with other self-pollinated species, and the region of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River (MDRY) was revealed to have the highest genetic diversity. However, cpSSRs suggested that Korea is a center of diversity. High genetic differentiation and low gene flow among populations were detected, which is consistent with the predominant self-pollination of wild soybean. Two main clusters were revealed by MCMC structure reconstruction and phylogenetic dendrogram, one formed by a group of populations from northwestern China (NWC) and north China (NC), and the other including northeastern China (NEC), Japan, Korea, MDRY, south China (SC) and southwestern China (SWC). Contrib analyses showed that southwestern China makes the greatest contribution to the total diversity and allelic richness, and is worthy of being given conservation priority.

For defects of traditional aviation photography and remote sensing satellite, developing unpiloted aircraft technology for land resource management in Sichuan Province is essential for land resource administration. Unpiloted aircraft technology is a development of traditional aviation photography, which wipes out many shortages of those technologies. It has features of low cost, easy control, quick responsiveness, high processing speed, and capacity of taking high definition aviation photography. This article focuses on features, system organization, and unsolved problems of unpiloted aircraft photography system. The research team has to use knowledge in many categories to design an unpiloted aircraft system, such as artificial intelligence, aviation, topography, and information technology. Moreover, this article introduces applications of this technology in land resource management, geo-hazard prevention, mineral resource protection, and many other orientations in Sichuan Province. In addition the perspective of using unpiloted aircraft in geo-hazard prevention is analyzed and some ideal results are also introduced.

the problem of software aging widely exists in long-running software system, and the solution is software rejuvenation. Traditional software rejuvenation strategy has some deficiencies in solving the problems of discrete web services aging, for example, the higher failure rate and the poorer stability. Therefore, considering the discrete web services has the loose coupling characteristic, we establish and revise the discrete web service aging damage model by using multiple linear regression method to calculate the aging damage of an individual web service. On this basis, based on the web service priority, call frequency and aging condition, we propose an adaptive rejuvenation strategy which ensures the key web services’ quality. The experiment result shows that, compared with traditional rejuvenation strategy, this strategy improves the stability and dependability of the web services.

This paper has analyzed the entire testing task sets of the third-party software testing agencies. And for how to set these tasks to the process of projects’ research and development, proposed a new Software Process Model, which is an evolution of the helix structure. The model was based on the ideas of agile. It may become the first one that assigns the testing task sets to the whole process of software development in an independent third party perspective. The agile process model in this paper is major for the heavyweight projects’ research and development. Currently, this agile process model which is based on the independent third party has been adopted in practice projects, and achieved good results.

There are 15 large-scaled rock landslides in the middle reach of Daduhe River in the western Sichuan. As they even dammed the Daduhe River for a long time, the dammed accumulation are well widely developed, relatively wide bottom valley have been formed in the reach. Now, there are about 80000 people lived in the valley of the reach, as the region is in high intensity (VIII-IX), the latest large earthquake (magnitude is 7.7)happened in 1876 and dammed the River, causing over ten thousand people die in the huge flood after the dam broke. As the construction velocity is faster than before, the hydropower station, highway, new village construction are put on the schedule, but people seem forgetting the historical earthquakes and seismic landside’s impact, hidden dangers may come at any time. The present paper tries to introduce the characteristics of the landslides and its environment impacts such as deep overburden, soft soil, sand liquefaction and landslide reactive. So as to call peoples’ attention for the environment during they are engaged in the large scale construction. Based on the RS interpretation and field comprehensive investigations, 15 large scaled rock landslides have been found in the reach, the volume of each is over 1000,000m3, although the remains are stable on the whole, the front part is potential unstable, if they are active triggered by the future earthquake or storm, they can dam the Daduhe River again and cause huge geo-hazards. Several ideas can be concluded as follows：(1)The reach is composed of Proterozoic acid intrusive rock and underwent several large tectonic movements, the rock mass is cut by structural planes formed in the different tectonic epoch; (2) The middle reach of Daduhe River is one part of SN strike tectonic belt in China, the main advantageous structural planes is SN strike, which is parallel to the flow direction of Daduhe River; (3) The reach is within a high intensity region with over VIII degrees, seismic landslides are well developed and they are easily reactive in the future, people confront with the deep overburden, soft soil, sand liquefaction; (4) the villages and town is generally located on the second Terrace and easily influenced by the seismic large slides, their vulnerability is high; (5) engineering measurements are necessary to protect the town villages and it is urgent to built disaster warning system.

A numerical simulation method of the rock bolts non-destructive testing based on ANSYS is presented. ANSYS/ LS-DYNA which is a kind of software of rock bolts dynamic finite domain analysis is used to establish a three-dimension model, after sine curve excitation is loaded, the reflection curve of naked rock bolts, or rock bolts with different defects are got, and the relationship curve between elastic modulus and stress wave velocity are got correspondingly. Experiment result proved that the aboved method was satisfied to simulate the stress wave propagation and the reflection situation in the rock bolts.

In this paper, the 3D Finite Element Method was combined with a Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA + FEM) to study the influence of the Wenchuan earthquake on the stability of the tectonic blocks system of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau under the background of northward extrusion of the Indian Plate and obstruction of the strong crust of the Sichuan basin. With constraints from GPS data and focal mechanisms, we first calculated the velocity and stress fields of the region. Then, we numerically simulated the rupture process of the seismogenic fault of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in overthrust form with a right-lateral component. We then studied the movement and deformation of the tectonic blocks that was caused by the earthquake and its influence on the stress state of the boundary faults. The numerical simulation indicates that the large earthquake causes the most tectonic blocks in the study zone at approximately a 1-mm deviation toward the northeast; in particular, the Wenchuan seismogenic fault obviously deviated eastwards, and the maximum deviation reaches 1.5 m. It seems that the large earthquake causes the Bayankala block at the west side of the Longmenshan fracture zone to extend farther eastward. The Wenchuan earthquake causes the Coulomb failure stresses on the boundary faults of the tectonic blocks in the study zone to change to different extents. The maximum change of the Coulomb failure stress reaches about 0.2 MPa at both ends of the Wenchuan seismogenic fault, the south section of the Xianshuihe fracture zone and part of the southeast section of the Dongkunlun fracture zone in the upper crust. Additionally, the Coulomb failure stresses also increase to different extents between 0.01 and .02 MPa in regions such as the southernmost end of the Xianshuihe fracture zone, part of the southeast section of the Dongkunlun fracture zone, and so on.

Daduhe River is in western Sichuan Basin which is across the Songpan-Ganzi geosynclinal fold system and the Yangtze para-platform. There are some complex geological backgrounds in this region, such as active new tectonic movements, frequent earthquakes and high seismic intensity. Remote sensing interpretation shows that there are lots of large-scale landslides existing between Huangjinping and Detuo in the upper reaches of Daduhe River. It has been shown by the research that the reason why large-scale landslides happened frequently in this region has a close relationship with its special fault structure, landform and strata distribution. Landslides always develop along the concave bank, free face of mountain or the thin mountain ridge and they all have close connection with fault in different degrees. Although the lithology of this section is constituted by ancient Kangding complex, yet the adverse rock mass discontinuity and free face combination lay a foundation for slope’s deformation and progressive failure. The earthquake force, however, is the key factor triggering landslides.

Many studies reported that servers become aging after running a long time and the efficiency of server cluster system will degrade. This paper mainly focuses on modeling and analysis of dynamic load balance strategy adding software aging parameter into dynamic load balance strategy. Adding software aging into load balance strategy is proposed for the first time in this paper. A software aging algorithm based on robust locally weighted regression (Loess) is deployed to estimate aging trend and the threshold point used to compute software aging parameter. Experiments verify the effectiveness of the algorithm presented in this paper. The conclusions drawn from this paper will greatly benefit the application of software rejuvenation technique into load balance strategy, that is, it makes it easy to determine when to perform software rejuvenation in a server before it reaches the downtime. The results for the cluster system show that performance of the cluster can be effectively improved.

The problem of software aging widely exists in long-running software system, and the solution is software rejuvenation. Traditional software rejuvenation strategy has some deficiencies in solving the software aging problems of web services, for example, the higher failure rate and the poorer stability. Therefore, considering web services may have the correlation, at first we classified web service relationship and analyzed the relationship of web services by using the association mining algorithm; secondly we established and continuously fixed the aging model of web services by using the error back-propagation network to calculate the aging weights of web services. On this basis, based on the analysis of web services’ priority, call frequency and aging states, we calculated the rejuvenation cost, constructed the rejuvenation queue, and proposed an adaptive rejuvenation strategy of related web services. The experiment result showed that, compared with traditional regeneration strategy, this strategy improved the stability and dependability of web services.

Traditional load balancing strategy is based on the assumption that each node is valid ,in practice, with the growth of usage time, the failure rate of nodes will gradually increase, so we introduce software aging rejuvenation strategy into load balancing. We propose an algorithm to solve this problem. It is different from other algorithm that the function of collecting load information from real servers is moved to back-end in this algorithm, load balancer assigns tasks according to the calculation results, it could reduce the load of load balancer own. At the same time, in order to prevent unexpected event due to computer itself (e.g. cpu utilization rate sudden change), we also take into account decay factor. From the experiment result we can see that compared with non software aging rejuvenation strategy in load balancing, this strategy could balance the load of all the nodes more effectively.

In this paper, the 3-D finite element method combined with discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA + FEM) is used with the constraints of 3-D tectonic blocks of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and neighboring areas to study the gestation mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. The topography on both sides of the Longmen Shan fault zone, the remarkable change in thickness of the crust and its layers, and the influence of a stronger crust in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos block on the eastern side of the fault zone are taken into consideration. With the GPS data as constraints on the boundary, the calculated velocity and stress fields agree with the GPS measurements and the focal mechanisms. On this basis, the distribution of risk factors on the boundary faults of tectonic blocks, which characterize overall influences of shear stress and normal stress on fault plane etc., is calculated numerically. The results show that the sections with high risk factors coincide with the areas where most of the MS > 7.0 earthquakes have occurred in recent decades, including the MS=8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Trial computation of situations of two different structures on both east and west side of the Longmen Shan fault zone show that significant changes of the topography on both sides, the thickness and the layers of the crust, and the physical properties played important roles in the gestation mechanism of theWenchuan earthquake. The calculated distribution maps of strain intensity show that the eastern edges of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are close to the strain intensity steep change zone. Of the zones with steep change in strain intensity in eastern edge of the plateau, Longmen Shan fault zone shows the steepest change. The intensity contour on the east side of the fault zone decay faster than the west side. In addition, the calculated strain energy density contours show that the Longmen Shan fault zone is located a high strain energy density band with the same width and direction as the fault in the upper and middle crust. In the upper crust, low strain energy density is found on both sides of the fault. In the middle crust, the strain energy density decreases from west to east: the western side has high strain energy density, the eastern side has low strain energy density. Our results show that under strong subduction of the Indian plate, constraints of 3D tectonic blocks in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and influence of special tectonic environment on the western and eastern sides of the Longmen Shan fault zone, the seismic fault area, where the Wenchuan earthquake occurred, had accumulated sufficient strain energy. It indicates that the area is in a mechanically unstable state.

In the present study, proanthocyanidins were qualitatively and quantitatively identified using hydrolysis and thiolysis assays, NP-HPLC, HPLC-ESI-MS, MALDI-TOF-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR techniques in different organs of tea plants. The results showed that in leaves, the tri-hydroxyl, cis- and galloylated flavan-3-ols were the main monomeric catechins units and (epi)catechin was found to be the major unit of polymeric flavan-3-ols when the degree of polymerization was greater than five. In roots, the PAs were found to be abundant and epicatechin formed the predominant extension unit of oligomeric and polymeric PAs. In order to understand the mechanism of proanthocyanidins polymerization, auto-condensation of the flavan-3-ols was investigated. The results showed that the same trimers (m/z 865) were detected in the extracts of tea plants and in the non-enzymatic in vitro assay, in weak acid as well as weak alkaline solutions at room temperature, when the substrates used were either procyanidin B2 and monomeric flavan-3-ols (epicatechin or catechin), or only procyanidin B2. This suggested that procyanidin B2 not only released carbocation as electrophilic upper units, but also could be used as nucleophilic lower units directly itself, to form the procyanidin trimer in vitro or in vivo.