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Introduction: chemotherapeutic drugs have an ototoxic component that can cause balance disturbances that trigger fractures. The case exposes the development of a Physiotherapy intervention in cancer patients through vestibular exercises of an individual with a hip fracture after a fall. Case presentation: eighty-year-old male with femur fracture surgery due to imbalance after chemotherapeutic ototoxicity. Pre and post intervention (between November and February 2022) evaluation of vestibular assessment parameters and specific functional tests (Time Up and Go Test, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Kinesiophobia Test) were carried out after four sessions in seven weeks of vestibular physiotherapy. Results: after the intervention we obtain better results in all the parameters, insisting a lot on the adherence of the patients to the sessions. The high score for Kinesiophobia is maintained due to fear of movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: neck pain is the fourth leading cause of disability in the world. Its annual prevalence rate is around 37.2 %. Kinesiotape (KT) has become one of the most widely used treatments in the last 20 years. Nowadays, the use of KT for neck pain is still very common and to date a significant number of reviews have been published on the efficacy of this technique in different structures, but new evidence found on neck pain is unknown. Objective: to evaluate the effects that KT can produce on neck pain. Material and method: a review of the scientific literature was carried out through a systematic search in march 2021 in the following databases: Pubmed, Cinahl and Scopus. Results: fourteen RCTs from the last five years were included. The main variable evaluated was neck pain. Only six studies had positive results from it. The methodological quality was assessed with the Jadad scale, with a mean score of three points and the risks of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook were significant. Conclusion: the application of KT in cervical pain would have few positive effects on it. However, in the case of myofascial pain syndrome, it might be thought that this treatment could have positive effects. Even so, we find several limitations that can affect its results, such as encompassing different pathologies under the same symptoms or having different dosages in the treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parity modulates the way in which women respond to infant's affective cues. It is known that the cognitive processing of mothers is affected by a baby crying; however, little information is available regarding the effect of reproductive and caregiving experience on efficiency in managing babies' emotional stimuli while other tasks are being attended. This study characterized the affective score, cognitive performance, and electroencephalographic correlation (rEEG) between prefrontal and parietal cortices in first- (FM) and second-time mothers (SM) while solving a working memory task (vsWM) and simultaneously listening to either an emotional or neutral distractor stimulus. During the vsWM-baby crying condition, both groups reported higher arousal. However, SM reported a lower valence and FM lower dominance. In the vsWM-baby crying condition did SM need less time to solve the cognitive task and present a decreased rEEG between prefrontal areas, and between left prefrontal and parietal areas, though an increased rEEG between parietal areas was observed while listening to both distractor stimuli during performance of the vsWM task. These degrees of cortical synchronization could constitute a cerebral mechanism required to achieve better information maintenance and enhance suppression of distractor effects, which allow the SM women to solve the vsWM task more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a recently reported disease whose origin and development are unknown, although prolonged bisphosphonate treatment has been attributed, among other causes. While ONJ is a localized condition, the action of bisphosphonates is widespread and affects all bones. No studies show the general bone status of patients with ONJ. Our study examines the general condition in patients with ONJ using quantitative measurements and qualitative estimates of bone by means of bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) and ultrasound parameters in the calcaneus (QUS), along with other diseases and the taking of drugs (especially bisphosphonates) in patients with ONJ who may be involved in the pathogenesis. Material and method: Observational and cross-sectional study of cases and controls, conducted in 304 patients of both sexes, in which the case group (group I) was formed by 24 patients who had suffered ONJ. The control group (group II) contained 280 patients who did not present ONJ and who received bisphosphonates over at least 5 years for various reasons. All of them underwent bone densitometry (DXA, Hologic 4500 Discovery®) in the lumbar spine and proximal femur. In addition, TBS measurements were made in the lumbar spine, as well as ultrasound parameters in the calcaneus (Hologic, Sahara ®) in the dominant foot (QUS). Results: Patients suffering ONJ presented greater comorbidity than controls, with a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperthyroidism, heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, the consumption of corticosteroids, (oral and inhaled), anticoagulants, hypnotics, bisphosphonates i.v. (zoledronate), and antineoplastic chemotherapy was also higher among patients with ONJ than control patients. However, among the patients with ONJ the percentage taking oral bisphosphonates was lower. Densitometric values (BMD measured in lumbar spine L2-L4, femoral neck and total hip) were higher in patients with ONJ compared to those in controls. The TBS showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups, and the ultrasound showed higher values of QUI and SOS in patients with ONJ than in controls. The prevalence of fragility fractures was similar in both groups. Conclusions: Patients with ONJ in our study presented greater comorbidity and a higher consumption of drugs than the patients in the control group, except for oral bisphosphonates. On the other hand, both BMD and ultrasound showed higher values in patients with ONJ than in controls. If we consider DXA as a technique for measuring the amount of bone mass, and TBS and calcaneal ultrasound estimating qualitative aspects of bone, we could assume that neither bone quantity nor quality in general seems to be affected in ONJ, and that its etiopathogenic mechanism is probably another. Oral bisphosphonates do not appear to be among the drugs involved in ONJ's origin and development, but the most potent and intravenously administered bisphosphonates are, although they cannot be considered independently of the underlying disease for which they are administered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous cell tumor that usually develops around the lateral wall of the nasopharynx near the Eustachian tube ostium. Overall it is a rare cause of cancer worldwide, although it has a high frequency in some endemic regions of Southeast Asia and Alaska. In Mexico, nasopharyngeal carcinoma is not listed among the 20 leading causes of cancer in the country. The etiology of NPC has been linked mainly to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), but also involves genetic, racial, environmental and dietary risk factors. The clinical presentation is non-specific and this can be misleading to the primary care physician. The most common symptomatic presentation is cervical lymphadenopathy, which can be bilateral and voluminous up to 50% of patients. This paper reports the case of a 70 year-old man diagnosed with NPC, who was admitted in the internal medicine ward because of bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, and a multidisciplinary approach was required to establish the final diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular angiofibroma represents a rare mesenchymal tumor. It is composed by spindle cells and prominent blood vessels. Most cases occur in middle-aged women and predominantly affects genital region with asymptomatic neoformations. The differential diagnosis includes a number of other mesenchymal lesions and it's performed by clinical and histological characteristics and immunohistochemical findings. We report a cellular angiofibroma case in the scrotal region, manifested as multiple pedunculated neoformations, treated with surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Eccrine spiradenoma is a benign adnexal neoplasm that has been historically designated as a tumor of eccrine differentiation. It usually presents on head, trunk and extremities as a tender dermal or subcutaneous tumor frequently with a pink, red or blue coloration. Although it can occur at any age, they are common in young adults without any sex predilection. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of eccrine spiradenoma at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Dr. Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, from 2009 to 2015. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective, descriptive and observational study was conducted in which clinical characteristics of patients with diagnosis of eccrine spiradenoma confirmed by histopathology were recorded from January 2009 to October 2015. RESULTS: Six cases of eccrine spiradenoma were found; tumors were more frequent in females at 2:1 ratio; 4 cases (66%) occurred in patients over 65 years. The predominant topography was in head (50% of patients); the other lesions were in unusual places. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the low incidence of this tumor, it may be overlooked or misdiagnosed on primary examination; so, biopsy is required for diagnosis. Malignant transformation has been described in few cases worldwide, presenting as rapid increase in size of a long-standing lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Amyloidosis is a group of disorders with extracellular amorphous material deposits of unknown etiology and extremely rare. Laryngeal amyloidosis accounts for 0.2 to 1.2% of tumorlike conditions of the larynx. MATERIAL AND METHODS: surgical pathology files of the Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad PEMEX were reviewed and a total of 254 benign lesions in the larynx were found in a period of 14 years, of which 4 are accounted for amyloid deposits (1.57%), all of them adults, 2 men and 2 women. DISCUSSION: extracellular amyloid deposits can be focal or systemic in a tissue or organ. Rarely show remission and progress slowly; are characterized by apple-green birefringence under polarized microscope Congo red staining. The ventricles, ventricular bands and vocal cords are the most common sites of amyloidosis in the respiratory tree can be seen as nodular lesions that occasionally cause pressure effect; seromucus glands are missing, while the squamous epithelium remains intact; often there are mononuclear inflammatory cells, plasma cells predominate in the periphery of amyloid material. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal amyloidosis is a form of localized amyloidosis in our series corresponded to 1.4% of surgical pathology material of this organ. The gold standard for diagnosis is the presence of birefringent deposits with Congo red staining on histopathology. It is important that the clinician knows this entity, and should always be done extension studies to rule out systemic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A seriesof new peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs)chiral ligands have been designed following the accepted three-modulestructure comprising a polar head, linker, and hydrophobic tail. Themajority of the ligands incorporate the oxazolidinone moiety as anovel polar head, and the nature of the hydrophobic tail has alsobeen varied. Docking studies using the crystal structure of an agonistbound to the ligand binding domain of the PPARα receptor havebeen performed as a tool for their design. Suitable synthetic procedureshave been developed, and compounds with different stereochemistrieshave been prepared. Evaluation of basal and ligand-induced activityproved that several compounds showed agonist activity at the PPARαreceptor, thus validating the oxazolidinone template for PPAR activity.In addition, two compounds, 2and 4, showeddual PPARα/PPARγ agonism and interesting food intake reductionin rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we discuss the electrokineticevaluation of modelplatelike particles. By model particles we mean homogeneous and controlledsize and shape. The electrokinetic analysis in such complex geometriescannot be limited to a single data point as in usual electrophoresisin constant (dc) fields. The information can be made much richer ifalternating (ac) fields with a sufficiently wide range of frequenciesare used. In this case, two techniques can be applied: one is thedetermination of the frequency spectrum of the electric permittivityor dielectric constant (low-frequency dielectric dispersion), andthe other is the electroacoustics of suspensions and the determinationof the frequency dispersion of the electrophoretic mobility (dynamicor ac mobility). In this work, these techniques are used with planargibbsite (γ-Al(OH)3) particles, modeled as oblatespheroids with a small aspect ratio. As in other laminar minerals,a particular charge distribution, differing between edges and faces,gives rise to very peculiar electrokinetic behavior. It is found thatpH 7 approximately separates two distinct field responses: below thatpH the dielectric dispersion and dynamic mobility data are consistentwith the existence of individual, highly charged platelets, with chargemainly originating on edge surfaces. At pH 4, a low-frequency relaxationis observed, which must originated from larger particles. It is suggestedthat these are individual ones bridged by negatively charged fiberlikestructures, coming from the partial decomposition of gibbsite particles.On the other side of the measured pH spectrum, the overall chargeof the particles is low, and this probably produces aggregates witha relatively large average size, with relaxation frequencies on thelow side. This is confirmed by dynamic mobility data, showing thata coherent picture of the nanostructure can be reached by combiningthe two techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a research that was done in order to design an information system for the analysis of systems for measuring the information society. To achieve the results, the Design of Information Systems - DSI proposed from the Soft Systems Thinking was taken as research methodology. The Human Activity Systems were used for defining the activities to be supported, and an agile approach to software development, specifically; the method called extreme programming was used. The main results were: defining the indicators analysis process, a software tool that allows the recording of information relating to measure systems to be analyzed, and the analysis criteria, classification of variables and indicators and report generation and descriptive statistics of the variables and indicators analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to imagine mathematicsor engineering to date withoutnonlinear algebraic systems; these topics have deserved more diverseand vigorous interest over the years. In fact, one of the most importantmodern branches of mathematics originated in this context, topology,which has been inseparable from homotopy theory, describes a powerfulintuitive tool to solve nonlinear algebraic systems. In the presentwork, we attempt to briefly summarize the theoretical beginnings ofhomotopy, its eventual transformation into a numerical method, itsmost reiterative applications in chemical engineering, and some currentchallenges in this field from an engineering-friendly perspective,especially approachable for chemical engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ionic liquid (IL) 2-butylthiolonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, [mimSBu][NTf2], facilitates the efficient extraction of silver(i) from aqueous media viainteraction with both the cation and anion components of the IL. Studies with a conventional aqueous-IL two phase system as well as microextraction of silver(i) by a thick IL film adhered to an electrode monitored in situby cyclic voltammetry, established that [mimSBu][NTf2] can extract electroactive silver(i) ions from an aqueous solution. The pH of the aqueous phase decreases upon addition of [mimSBu]+, which is attributed to partial release of the hydrogen attached to the N(3) nitrogen atom of the imidazolium ring. The presence of silver(i) further increase the acidity of the aqueous phase as a consequence of coordination with the IL cation component. Voltammetric and 1H and 13C NMR techniques have been used to establish the nature of the silver(i) complexes extracted, and show that the form of interaction with the IL differs from that outlined previously for the extraction of copper(ii). Insights on the competition established when silver(i) is extracted in the presence of copper(ii) are provided. Finally, it is noted that metallic silver can be directly electrodeposited at the electrode surface after extraction of silver(i) into [mimSBu][NTf2] and that back extraction of silver(i) into aqueous media is achieved by addition of an acidic aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress is important in the genesis of several diseases. Their role in cardiovascular disease is recognized, particularly in ischemia-reperfusion, a phenomenon associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery. Common complication is postoperative atrial fibrillation (FOAP), which has demonstrated participation of oxidative stress, strategies to mitigate what could reduce the occurrence of FOAP. This paper tries to determine the effect of a supplementation scheme to prevent oxidative stress and its consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Eighty patients scheduled for CCEC received placebo (n = 40) or supplementation (n = 40). Inclusion criteria: Age 30-80 years, sinus rhythm. Exclusion criteria: previous cardiosurgery, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, chronic diseases. The supplementation consisting of n-3 (2 g / day), vitamins C (1 g / day) and E (400 IU / day) from 7, 2 and 2 days before surgery, respectively, until discharge. In atrial tissue and blood samples the plasma ferric reducing ability (FRAP), index GSH/GSSG, activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels were measured. Protein carbonylation was measured in atrial tissue. Parametric variables expressed as mean and standard error were analyzed with student’s t-test, groups were compared using ANOVA-Bonferroni. Significance was p <0.05. RESULTS: The supplementation reduced the incidence of FOAP, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in 73, 21 and 19% (p <0.05), respectively, and increased the FRAP (30%) and activity of antioxidant enzymes (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidant supplementation decreases FOAP probably avoiding damage by oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the crystal and molecular structures of copper(II) succinate complexes with 1,2-di-4-pyridylethane and 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane. Bis-bidentate succinate groups doubly bridged the dicopper units of the polymeric structures of the metal-organic compounds. The second compound is characterized by a double lattice constant and noncentrosymmetric core units. Also noted is the detection of spin triplet signals for both compounds in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra.

Aims Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease regulated by immune mechanisms. CD69 is a cell surface receptor rapidly induced after leukocyte activation at sites of chronic inflammation. Genetic disruption of CD69 in the mouse aggravates collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and partial depletion of CD69-expressing cells with anti-CD69 monoclonal antibody (mAb) prevents CIA development in wild-type mice, suggesting that this receptor negatively modulates immune and inflammatory responses. It has been recently reported that CD69 is upregulated in a large subset of T cells in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-null mice (apoE−/−). In this study, we investigated whether altering CD69 function affects atherosclerosis development. Methods and results We studied native and diet-induced atherosclerosis in apoE−/− and doubly deficient apoE−/−CD69−/− mice and performed expression studies in tissues and primary cells derived from these animals. Plasma cholesterol level was unaffected by CD69 genetic inactivation. Although this genetic manipulation led to an elevated production of interferon γ and interleukin 10 by activated T cells, apoE−/− and apoE−/−CD69−/− mice fed control and high-fat diet exhibited atheromas of similar size and composition when analysed at different stages of the disease. Likewise, anti-CD69 mAb treatment had no effect on plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis burden in fat-fed apoE−/− mice. Conclusion In contrast to previous studies highlighting the protective function of CD69 against CIA, an autoimmune inflammatory disease, our results rule out a significant role for CD69 against atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice, an experimental disease model featuring a local inflammatory response triggered and sustained by alterations in lipid homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques were used to study the behavior of 2 I,3 I- O-( o-xylylene)-per- O-Me-α- and -β-cyclodextrins in aqueous solution, based on the fluorescence of the bidentate xylylene moiety. Fluorescence decay profiles obtained upon excitation of the xylylene group were fitted to three-exponential decay functions. In addition to a fast component due to stray and/or scattered light, two other components ascribed to the monomer and dimer species, respectively, were identified. The dimer/monomer ratio increases with concentration and decreases with temperature, which is in agreement with an enthalpy-driven association process. The corresponding dimerization equilibrium constants ( KD) were obtained from nonlinear regression analysis of the plots of ⟨τ⟩ against [CD] in the 5−45 °C range. A linear van’t Hoff analysis for KDallows us to obtain the Δ Hand Δ Sassociated to dimer formation. Molecular mechanics as well as molecular dynamics calculations in the presence of water were also employed to study the conformational behavior of such secondary-face-substituted cyclodextrins and rationalize the dimerization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collection of seven representative jets from Asturias (Spain) was studied. Some artisans of the Asturian jet industry established the quality criteria of the jet based on the user-friendly properties of this material. In this work, we study the relationship between the working quality of asturian jets and their structure using parameters defined by liquid 1H-NMR. With this aim, certain parameters calculated from the NMR results were used to provide information about the structure of compounds extracted from jets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine fungal genera, Aspergillus and Fusarium species and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination from pre- and postfermented corn silage produced in the most important region of Argentina where silage practice is developed. Methods and Results: Sampling of corn silos was performed manually through silos in transects at three levels: upper, middle and low sections. AFB1 and FB1 were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, zearalenone by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and DON by gas chromatography. Over 90% of the samples showed counts higher than 1 × 104 CFU g−1. Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides were the prevalent species. Some tested samples were contaminated with AFB1, ZEA, DON and FB1. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the presence of fungi and AFB1, ZEA, DON and FB1 contamination in corn silage in Argentina. Significance and Impact of the Study: This manuscript makes a contribution to the knowledge of mycotoxins in Argentinean silage in particular because the environmental conditions in this country differ from those of most reports. The comparison of pre- and postfermentation silage is also outstanding. Therefore, information on fungi and mycotoxins present in silage – an increasingly popular commodity – is useful to estimate potential risk for animal and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scirpus sensu lato is a heterogeneous group from which several segregate genera have been recognized. From those, six are known from México: Scirpus sensu stricto, Amphiscirpus, Bolboschoenus, Cypringlea, Isolepis and Schoenoplectus. Two additional genera: Karinia and Oxycaryum, have been considered as a part of Scirpus but their affinity is within the tribe Cypereae. A synopsis of the group in Mexico is presented, as well as a key to the genera and their species, and data on their distribution, habitat and conservation status. Among the new records for some states are Scirpus microcarpus, previously known from Baja California and now recorded for Durango, and Schoenoplectus acutus, from northern México, which is recorded here for Michoacán. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an objective and robust method to extract the electrical conductance of single molecules connected to metal electrodes from a set of measured conductance data. Our method roots in the physics of tunneling and is tested on octanedithiol using mechanically controllable break junctions. The single molecule conductance values can be deduced without the need for data selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is aimed to measure the organizational atmosphere in a Training Center for the Sugar Industry that is implementing a change process towards a new management system process- oriented to achieve organizational excellence and quality of its management results. Study was made in 122 professionals and employees. It was a transversal study design, analytical and descriptive, made from a confidential questionnaire. The statistical analysis included a basic statistical study and a factor analysis of principal components. There are three factors that define the organizational atmosphere with a representativity of 82, 3%. As a main conclusion of research work it was considered the immediate introduction of modifications in style and management methods as well as in workers' attitude, in correspondence with the organizational strategy and its management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method to determine trace amounts of platinum in different samples based on electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is described. The preconcentration step is performed on a chelating resin microcolumn [1,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-3-sulfophenyl methylene thiocarbonohydrazide (PSTH) immobilized on an anion-exchange resin (Dowex 1×8–200)] placed in the autosampler arm. The combination of a peristaltic pump for sample loading and the atomic absorption spectrometer pumps for elution through a selection valve simplifies the hardware. The peristaltic pump and the selection valve are easily controlled electronically with two switches placed in the autosampler, which are activated when the autosampler arm is down. Thus, the process is fully automated without any modification of the software of the atomic absorption spectrometer. Under the optimum conditions with a 60-s preconcentration time, a sample flow rate of 2.4 mL min-1, and an injection volume of eluent of 40 µL, a linear calibration graph was obtained in the range 0–100 ng mL-1. The enrichment factor was 14. The detection limit under these conditions is 1 ng mL-1, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 1.6% for 10 ng mL-1 of Pt. The method has been applied to the determination of platinum in catalyst, vegetation, soil, and natural water samples. The results showed good agreement with the certified value and the recoveries of Pt added to samples were 98–105%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluar mediante un modelo de simulación la utilidad en costo-efectividad de la realización de cirugía reductora de riesgo en trompas y ovarios (SOB) como único procedimiento o con mastectomía bilateral, comparada con la tamización para cáncer de mama y ovario en mujeres con mutación del gen BRCA1 en Colombia. Material y Métodos Análisis de costo-efectividad usando el modelo Markov. Se incorporan tres procesos o acciones mutuamente excluyentes: a. evolución de las pacientes con mutación del gen BRCA 1 con pruebas de tamización para cáncer de mama y ovario. b. Evolución de las pacientes con mutación del gen BRCA en quienes se realiza SOB; c. Evolución de las pacientes con mutación del gen BRCA en quienes se realiza SOB y mastectomía bilateral. Se evalúa como desenlace la ganancia en años de supervivencia. El cálculo de los costos de los procedimientos en pesos Colombianos se obtuvo principalmente del cálculo de su valor según tarifas ISS 2001 + 30%. Se valoró el estudio teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva del sistema de salud. Este estudio no implica la recolección de datos primarios de las pacientes individuales, por lo tanto se considera una investigación sin riesgo según la Resolución N° 008430 de 1993. Resultados A partir de lo estimado por el modelo Markov se encuentra una ganancia de 12,8 años con el esquema de seguimiento para cáncer de mama y ovario. Con relación a esta alternativa, la cohorte con SOB y mastectomía bilateral es la de mayor ganancia con 13 años mientras que la SOB gana 4,95 años con respecto al grupo de seguimiento. Estos procedimientos resultan altamente costo-efectivos según los parámetros recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Conclusiones Al evaluar mediante un modelo matemático la SOB con y sin mastectomía bilateral con la tamización para cáncer de mama y ovario sugerida en las mujeres con mutación del gen BRCA1 para establecer la relación costo-efectividad, se encuentra que las tres opciones son aceptables pero de ellas la de mayor ganancia en la supervivencia es la combinación de SOB con mastectomía bilateral. A pesar de la dificultad de establecer un umbral de costo- efectividad plenamente aceptado para Colombia, los valores encontrados resultan altamente costo efectivos cuando se adoptan las recomendaciones de la Organización mundial de la Salud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess prevention, early diagnosis and training received regarding osteoporosis among the pediatrics professionals in our area. Material and methods: Survey directed to physicians of pediatricians of Primary Care (PC) and Specialized Care (SC) in order to evaluate their activity in prevention, detection and training received in osteoporosis. The survey was disseminated through the relevant scientific societies. Results: 420 pediatricians participated (324 from PC and 96 from SC). 93.5% of PC pediatricians and 89.6% of SC pediatricians valued the physical activity of the patients; 85.19% and 35.4% of them, respectively, the intake of dairy products. 45.68% of PC and 70.2% of SC recommended calcium and vitamin D supplements in the case of low nutritional intake, whereas 39.2% of PC and 47.2% of SC favored follow-up. 39.6% of SC pediatricians requested bone densitometry for this disease or risk treatment, and 47.9% measured the levels of 25-OH-vitamin D. 25.93% of PC and 45.3% of SC asked about the existence of fractures, 90.4% and 96.8% requested etiopathogenic mechanism. 40% of PC and 86.2% of SC requested a bone densitometry or referred to the specialist for fractures due to low trauma energy, with specific criteria in 13.7% and 5.86%, respectively. 92% of PC and 82.3% of SC had not received recent training in childhood osteoporosis. Conclusion: Detection, derivation circuits and the training of pediatricians regarding bone health in our country can be improved. Optimizing these aspects is essential to favor the peak of bone mass in our population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El estudio de la mutación V617F del gene JAK2 se ha usado para identificar la presencia de un síndrome mieloproliferativo (SMP) subyacente en casos de trombosis inexplicable. Se ha descrito que esta mutación se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con trombosis venosa intraabdominal: esplácnica o portal. Objetivo: Determinar si la mutación V617F del gen JAK2 es un marcador de trombofilia primaria. Método: En un grupo de 77 pacientes mestizos mexicanos con un marcador clínico de trombofilia primaria, buscamos la mutación V617F del gen JAK2. Resultados: La mutación JAK2 no la encontramos en ningún caso. Conclusiones: Ante estos resultados, concluimos que la existencia de un SMP no identificado es una causa poco probable de trombosis inexplicable en México, donde se ha descrito una prevalencia menor de SMP en comparación con otras poblaciones. Es probable que el estudio de este trastorno genético en pacientes mexicanos con trombosis deba reservarse a casos en los que las cuentas de células periféricas sugieran la existencia de un SMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La anemia perniciosa (AP) es un padecimiento autoinmune que se ha convertido en la causa más frecuente de anemia megaloblástica en México. En publicaciones recientes se ha encontrado que debido a que la dieta del mexicano incluye suficiente ácido fólico, la principal causa de este padecimiento es la falta de vitamina B12. Objetivo: Establecer la frecuencia de anticuerpos específicos contra la mucosa gástrica en pacientes con anemia perniciosa, así como su asociación con otros padecimientos autoinmunes. Material y métodos: En un grupo de 12 pacientes con AP se investigó la presencia de anticuerpos específicos contra células parietales y factor intrínseco por método de ELISA. Resultados: En 7 pacientes se encontraron anticuerpos antimucosa gástrica, en 4 anticuerpos antifactor intrínseco, y en 2 anticuerpos antitiroideos. Dos pacientes tuvieron disfunción tiroidea clara. Conclusiones: En AP la prevalencia de autoanticuerpos es mayor que en la población general, sobre todo los dirigidos contra mucosa gástrica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) es un receptor de la cinasa de tirosina pegado a la membrana celular. Las mutaciones del gen de FLT3 pueden ser varias: Las más frecuentes son las duplicaciones internas en tándem (ITD) y las mutaciones en el exón 20 del módulo intracelular D835. Objetivo: Establecer si las mutaciones del gen de FLT3 en pacientes con leucemia aguda tienen un significado pronóstico adverso. Material y métodos: En un periodo de 3 meses hemos estudiado pacientes con leucemias agudas, buscando estas dos mutaciones del gen de FLT3. Resultados: En dos pacientes encontramos las mutaciones: ambos tuvieron un curso clínico muy agresivo y fallecieron en periodos de 1 y 10 meses después del diagnóstico. A un paciente de 22 años con leucemia mieloblástica con antígenos CD14, CD33, CD34, CD117, CD45 y MPO, AML1/ETO (-), inv16 (-) y BCR/ABL (-) se le encontraron ITD del gen de FLT3. A pesar de haberse logrado una remisión con quimioterapia combinada, el paciente recayó rápidamente y fue sometido a un trasplante de células hematopoyéticas placentarias; durante una segunda remisión, al recuperar la hematopoyesis se recuperó de la leucemia; el paciente falleció 10 meses después del diagnóstico y 50 días después del trasplante. A otra paciente de 96 años y en malas condiciones con leucemia mieloblástica CD2, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD117, MPO, HLA-DR, AML1/ETO (-), inv16 (-) y BCR/ABL (-); se le encontró también mutación ITD del gen de FLT3; sólo se le administró tratamiento de apoyo y falleció 30 días después del diagnóstico. Conclusión: Se requieren más estudios para definir el valor pronóstico del hallazgo de FLT3 en pacientes con LA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La cuantificación del transcrito BCR/ABL por reacción de la polimerasa en cadena en tiempo real es un estudio imprescindible en la actualidad en el seguimiento de pacientes con leucemias con Ph1, tratados con medicamentos inhibidores de la cinasa de tirosina (ICT) o con trasplante de células hematopoyéticas (TCH). Objetivo: Importancia de la cuantificación del transcrito BCR/ABL en el seguimiento de pacientes con neoplasias Ph1+. Material y métodos: En un periodo de 12 meses hemos llevado a cabo estudios cuantitativos del transcrito BCR/ABL en 25 individuos, 22 con leucemia granulocítica crónica y tres con leucemia aguda linfoblástica. En doce pacientes los estudios se han hecho en más de una ocasión. Resultados: En cinco de seis pacientes sometidos a TCH la cantidad del transcrito BCR/ABL permaneció estable o disminuyó a lo largo del tiempo, en tanto que, en el caso de los seis pacientes tratados con ICT, uno tuvo incremento y cinco mostraron decremento o estabilidad de la carga del transcrito BCR/ABL. En el paciente en quien hubo un incremento en la cantidad del transcrito, con leucemia aguda linfoblástica Ph1+, se presentó una semana después leptomeningitis leucémica. Conclusión: Se concluye que la cuantificación del transcrito BCR/ABL es indispensable en el seguimiento actual de pacientes con neoplasias Ph1+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: El trasplante de células hematopoyéticas autólogas sigue siendo el tratamiento de elección para pacientes con mieloma múltiple menores de 70 años de edad. Describimos nuestra experiencia. Material y métodos: Usando un esquema de acondicionamiento con una sola dosis de melfalán endovenoso y manteniendo las células hematopoyéticas en refrigeración convencional sin hacer congelación, se llevaron a cabo 24 trasplantes autólogos a 23 pacientes con mieloma múltiple en una sola institución, entre 1993 y 2007. A una paciente se le hicieron dos trasplantes. La mediana de edad fue de 53 años (rango 42 a 67). Los pacientes recibieron una media de 1.8 x 106/kg células CD34 (+) viables después de acondicionamiento con melfalán endovenoso 200 mg/m². Resultados: La mediana de tiempo para recuperar más de 0.5 x 109/L granulocitos fue de 11 días (rango 8 a 16), en tanto que la mediana para recuperar más de 20 x 109/L plaquetas fue de 14 días (rango 11 a 28). La mediana de supervivencia (SV) postrasplante no se ha alcanzado y la SV a 82 meses fue de 74%. A los pacientes se les administró talidomida, 100-200 mg/día como mantenimiento postrasplante. Conclusión: Los resultados son similares a los informados en la literatura y apoyan la idea de que el trasplante de células hematopoyéticas autólogas es una opción adecuada en pacientes con mieloma múltiple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El dasatinib es un inhibidor de la cinasa de tirosina (ICT) que se puede emplear en pacientes con LGC con cromosoma Philadelphia que no toleran o se han hecho resistentes al empleo de mesilato de imatinib; el dasatinib también puede emplearse como primera opción terapéutica en LCG. Material y métodos: A dos pacientes con LGC Ph1 trasplantados con células hematopoyéticas alogénicas idénticas provenientes de dos hermanos se les administró dasatinib postrasplante (100 mg/día): En un caso, porque la paciente con quimerismo parcial y persistencia del transcrito BCR/ABL no podía comprar el imatinib y en el otro porque la paciente se trasplantó en crisis blástica Ph1+ refractaria a imatinib. Resultados: Ambas pacientes lograron quimerismo completo (100%) con el empleo de dasatinib y permanecen vivas en remisión molecular cuatro y 58 meses después del trasplante alogénico. En el primer caso el dasatinib se inició 18 meses después del trasplante y en el segundo a las dos semanas del injerto. Conclusión: Consideramos que el uso de dasatinib puede ser útil para lograr la remisión molecular en aquellos pacientes con LGC, quienes persisten con el transcrito BCR-ABL después de recibir un trasplante de células hematopoyéticas alogénicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Analizar las características de los productos de aféresis necesarios para hacer trasplantes de células hematopoyéticas alogénicas empleando el «Esquema mexicano» de acondicionamiento no ablativo. Método: En un lapso de cinco años analizamos las características de los productos de aféresis necesarios para hacer 144 trasplantes de células hematopoyéticas alogénicas empleando el «Esquema Mexicano» de acondicionamiento no ablativo. Para hacer la movilización de las células hematopoyéticas, los donadores fueron tratados con filgrastim (50 ug/ kg cada 12 h) desde 5 días antes de iniciar la cosecha celular. Los procedimientos de aféresis se hicieron con una máquina Baxter CS 3000. El número de células CD34 transfundidas osciló entre 0.5 y 25.4 x 106 células CD34/kg (mediana 5.2). Resultados: Para obtener un mínimo de 0.5 x 106 células CD34/kg de los receptores, hubo necesidad de hacer entre 1 y 3 sesiones de aféresis (mediana 1), con volúmenes totales de los productos de aféresis entre 50 y 600 mL (mediana 400). En 50% de los casos fue suficiente una sola sesión de aféresis para lograr el objetivo de número de células hematopoyéticas; en este subgrupo de pacientes los volúmenes oscilaron entre 50 y 400 mL (mediana 200), por lo que no hubo correlación entre el volumen de aféresis obtenido y la cuenta de células CD34; tampoco hubo correlación significativa entre el número de células CD34 trasplantadas y los periodos de recuperación de granulocitos ni de plaquetas. Conclusión: Es posible disminuir el número de aféresis en los donadores de células hematopoyéticas para abatir costos; se observó también que el rendimiento de células hematopoyéticas parece depender más de factores del donador que de las características de los procedimientos de obtención de los productos de aféresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of the gases released by industrial processes pollute the environment and are largely responsible for climate change. Also, large amounts of low-temperature waste heat are generated by the industrial sector in different production processes. The waste heat can be recovered and reincorporated into the industrial process by means of an Absorption Heat Transformer (AHT), to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, and increase energy savings. Therefore, three important aspects of the AHT are emphasized in this paper: first, the thermodynamics parameters of the AHT that influencing in its performance, second, heat recovery study and third CO2 emissions avoided analysis. For this purpose, a thermodynamic model was implemented for AHT using two working mixtures, namely, LiBr- H2O and Carrol-H2O. Besides, a heat recovery study was carried out considering the Mexican textile industry as a case study, to determine the stages of the textile process in which it is possible to return the recovered heat, as well as the best location to install an AHT. The results show that the Coefficient of Performance values increase when the absorber thermal levels range from 100 to 150°C, source temperatures from 80 to 90°C and condensation temperature from 25 to 30°C. The study of heat recovery in the textile industry describes that it is possible to install an AHT at five states in Mexico, with the potential to recover and return heat in 6 of the 7 stages of the textile process, it was also determined that with the Carrol-water mixture it is possible to obtain higher thermal levels in the absorber and recover more heat than with the water/lithium bromide mixture. The emissions analysis showed that the technology is environmentally sustainable by avoiding up to 119 tonnes of CO2eq per year into the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes eight same sex parent families interviewed in Mexico in the year 2012. Each family stated its experiences with the psychology professionals who cared for them on an individual, couple or family basis, in response to the question asked by this research project, which is related to the way the psychologists act, when these families have had contact with them in schools, adoption institutions and doctors' offices. The objective was to learn, based on the experience of the families studied, the type of psychological practice the professionals implemented in their work spaces. The way hetero-normative prejudices are repeated in psychological practice is discussed, when the families experience them as negative because the psychologists tend to rectify the families' "mistakes." The type of relationships with some professionals, which were considered therapeutic, are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime transport in Europe is of great importance for the cohesion and economic development of the European Union, but in turn, and mainly as a result of sulphur emissions, is a source of pollution, particularly in areas close to the coast that tend to accumulate the majority of the population. The European Commission has subsequently defined a series of marine protected areas that are particularly sensitive to pollution and require strict limits on sulphur in ship fuel, these areas being referred to as SECAs (Sulphur Emission Control Areas). This article discusses the results of the implementation of the SECAs in shipping and its implications and development towards greater control in ECAs (Emission Control Areas). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a medical condition associated with a high short-term morbimortality and different long-term neurological diseases. In previous work we have observed at 6 months post-synaptic densities (PSDs) alterations compatible with neurodegeneration highly correlated with the increment in the ubiquitination. Although alterations in the synaptic organization and function have been related with neuronal death after hypoxia, little is known about the synaptic changes in young animals exposed to PA. The main aim of this work is to study the PSDs changes in striatum of 30-day-old rats subjected to PA. Using two-dimensional electron microscopic analyses of synapses staining with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid we observed an increment of PSD thickness in severe hypoxic rats. These data are consistent with the western blot analysis that showed an increment in ubiquitination levels in the synapses of severe hypoxic rat. We did observe any alterations neither in synaptic structure nor in ubiquitinization in mild asphyctic rats. These data suggest that hypoxia might cause early misfolding and aggregation of synaptic proteins in severe anoxic animas that could induce long-term neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The mitochondria of the respiratory yeast Kluyveromyces lactis are able to reoxidize cytosolic NADPH. Previously, we characterized an external alternative dehydrogenase, KlNde1p, having this activity. We now characterize the second external alternative dehydrogenase of K. lactis mitochondria, KlNde2p. We examined its role in cytosolic NADPH reoxidation by studying heterologous expression of KlNDE2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants and by constructing Δklnde1 and Δklnde2 mutants. KlNde2p uses NADH or NADPH as substrates, its activity in isolated mitochondria is not regulated by exogenously added calcium and it is not down-regulated when the cells grow in glucose versus lactate. KlNde2p shows lower affinity for NADPH than KlNde1p. Both enzymes show similar pH optimum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: It is well known that room temperature ionic liquids (Ils) have the potential for serving as efficient reaction media in the Friedel–Crafts reactions of naphthalene. In this work, three ionic liquid systems prepared with AlCl3 were used as reaction media for the alkylation of naphthalene with different reagents. The following cations were used to prepare the chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [Bmim]; 8-butyl-1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-undec-7-enium [bDBU] and 5-butyl-1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]-non-5-enium [bDBN]. Ionic liquid systems are easy to prepare and show interesting catalytic properties. The thermal stability and structural NMR spectra of the ionic liquids were studied. The Ils rendered this reaction green characteristics. The conversions and reaction yields produced by the alkylation reaction of naphthalene with ethyl bromide and isopropyl chloride in the three ionic liquid systems were compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]