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In light of the known visuoperceptual strengths and altered language skills in autism, we investigated the impact of problem content (semantic/visuospatial) combined with complexity and presence of lures on fluid reasoning in 43 autistic and 41 typical children (6-13 years old). Increased complexity and presence of lures diminished performance, but less so as the children's age increased. Typical children were slightly more accurate overall, whereas autistic children were faster at solving complex visuospatial problems. Thus, reasoning could rely more extensively on visuospatial strategies in autistic versus typical children. A combined speed-accuracy measure revealed similar performance in both groups, suggesting a similar pace in fluid reasoning development. Visual presentation of conceptual information seems to suit the reasoning processes of autistic children., Author(s): Eliane Danis [sup.1] [sup.2] , Anne-Marie Nader [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Janie Degré-Pelletier [sup.1] [sup.2] , Isabelle Soulières [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.38678.32, 0000 0001 2181 0211, Department [...]

Marine mammal populations worldwide greatly benefitted from conservation measures put in place since the 1970s following overexploitation, and many pinniped populations have recovered. However, threats due to bycatch, interspecific interactions or climate change remain, and detailed knowledge on vital rates, population dynamics, and their responses to environmental changes is essential for efficient management and conservation of wild populations. In this study we quantified pup abundance and survival of individually marked harbour seal (Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758) pups during the preweaning period at Bic Island and Metis sites in the St. Lawrence Estuary from 1998 to 2019. We used mark-recapture models to evaluate competing hypotheses regarding variation in daily preweaning survival rates and capture probability during the pups' first 30 days of life. Pup abundance increased from 76 [95% CI: 59, 101] to 323 [95% CI: 233, 338] in the past two decades at Bic Island and from 66 [95% CI: 47, 91] to 285 [95% CI: 204, 318] at Metis. Preweaning survival was generally higher at Bic (0.73 [95% CI: 0.58, 0.82]) than at Metis (0.68 [95% CI: 0.52, 0.79]). We hypothesize that differences between habitats and human disturbance contribute to lower preweaning survival at Metis, but behavioural studies are needed to understand the impacts of disturbance on mother-pup interactions during the nursing period. Key words: abundance, Bayesian capture-mark-recapture models, harbour seal, marine mammals, Phoca vitulina, population dynamics, Introduction Identifying the factors driving changes in population growth, composition, and size is central to ecology (Krebs and Myers 1974; Krebs 1996, 2015). Population growth depends on vital rates, including [...]

Just like the androgen receptor (AR), the estrogen receptor [alpha] (ER[alpha]) is expressed in the prostate and is thought to influence prostate cancer (PCa) biology. Yet the incomplete understanding of ER[alpha] functions in PCa hinders our ability to fully comprehend its clinical relevance and restricts the repurposing of estrogen- targeted therapies for the treatment of this disease. Using 2 human PCa tissue microarray cohorts, we first demonstrate that nuclear ER[alpha] expression was heterogeneous among patients, being detected in only half of the tumors. Positive nuclear ER[alpha] levels were correlated with disease recurrence, progression to metastatic PCa, and patient survival. Using in vitro and in vivo models of the normal prostate and PCa, bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq analyses revealed that estrogens partially mimicked the androgen transcriptional response and activated specific biological pathways linked to proliferation and metabolism. Bioenergetic flux assays and metabolomics confirmed the regulation of cancer metabolism by estrogens, supporting proliferation. Using cancer cell lines and patient- derived organoids, selective estrogen receptor modulators, a pure anti-estrogen, and genetic approaches impaired cancer cell proliferation and growth in an ER[alpha]-dependent manner. Overall, our study revealed that, when expressed, ER[alpha] functionally reprogrammed PCa metabolism, was associated with disease progression, and could be targeted for therapeutic purposes., Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer for men in 112 countries (1). This disease is highly dependent on the androgen receptor (AR), a transcription factor that modulates [...]

The decline of avian aerial insectivores has been greater than any other foraging guild and both climate change and agricultural intensification are leading hypotheses explaining this decline. Spring cold snaps are predicted to increase in frequency due to climate change, and factors associated with agricultural intensification (e.g., toxicological agents, simplification of agricultural landscapes, and reductions of insect prey) potentially exacerbates the negative effects of cold snaps on aerial insectivore nestling growth and body condition. We evaluated this hypothesis using repeated measures of Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808)) nestling body mass and 9th primary length across an expansive gradient of agricultural intensification. Growth rate, asymptotic body mass, and near-fledging 9th primary length were lower for nestlings in landscapes consisting of more agro-intensive monocultures. This 14-year dataset of body measures occurring at 2, 6,12, and 16 days of age showed that the negative impact of cold snaps on the growth of these two traits was stronger for nestlings reared in more agro-intensive landscapes. Our findings provide further evidence that two of the primary hypothesized drivers for the decline of many aerial insectivores may interact and aggravate their decline by reducing fledging survival. Key words: aerial insectivores, agricultural intensification, climate change, growth rate, body mass, 9th primary, Tachycineta bicolor, Tree Swallows Le declin des oiseaux insectivores aeriens est plus important que celui de toute autre guilde d'alimentation, et les changements climatiques et l'intensification de l'agriculture ngurent parmi les principales hypotheses invoquees pour expliquer ce declin. II est prevu que la frequence des vagues de froid printanieres augmentera en raison des changements climatiques, et des facteurs associes a l'intensincation de l'agriculture (p. ex., agents toxicologiques, simplification des paysages agricoles et diminution des insectes proies) pourraient exacerber les effets negatifs de vagues de froid sur la croissance et l'embonpoint des oiseaux niais d'insectivores aeriens. Nous evaluons cette hypothese en utilisant des mesures repetees de la masse du corps et de la longueur des neuviemes remiges primaires d'oisillons d'hirondelle bicolore (Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808)) le long d'un vaste gradient d'intensite agricole. Le taux de croissance, la masse du corps asymptotique et la longueur des neuviemes primaires d'oiseaux niais presque a l'envol sont plus faibles pour les specimens dans des paysages de monocultures intensives. Cet ensemble de donnees de 14 annees de mesures du corps prises sur des specimens de 2, 6,12 et 16 jours montre que l'impact negatif de vagues de froid sur la croissance de ces deux caracteres est plus fort pour les oiseaux niais eleves dans des paysages a forte intensite agricole. Nos constatations fournissent de nouvelles preuves que les deux principales causes postulees du declin de nombreux insectivores aeriens pourraient interagir et accentuer ce declin en reduisant la survie des jeunes a l'envol. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : insectivores aeriens, intensification de l'agriculture, changements climatiques, taux de croissance, masse du corps, neuvieme remige primaire, Tachycineta bicolor, hirondelles bicolores, Introduction North American avifauna has declined rapidly, especially for species in agricultural and grassland ecosystems, and in particular aerial insectivores have declined faster than any other foraging guild (Michel et [...]

Trophy hunting can affect weapon size of wild animals through both demographic and evolutionary changes. In bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis Shaw, 1804), intense harvest of young males with fast-growing horns may have partly driven long-term decreases in horn size. These selective effects could be dampened if migrants from protected areas, not subject to artificial selection, survived and reproduced within hunted populations. Bighorn rams undertake long-distance breeding migrations in the weeks preceding the late-November rut. We analysed records of >7800 trophy bighorn rams shot from 1974 to 2019 in Alberta, Canada, to test the hypothesis that high harvest pressure during breeding migrations was correlated with a greater decrease in horn size. We compared areas with and without a pronounced harvest peak in late October, when male breeding migrations begin. Areas without a pronounced harvest peak in late October, which likely experienced a lower harvest rate, showed a similar temporal decline in horn size, but no increase in age at harvest suggesting a possibly weaker decline in horn growth. Our study suggests that unselected immigrants from protected areas could partly buffer the effects of intense trophy hunting only if harvest pressure was reduced when breeding migrations commence. Key words: bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis, horn size, trophy hunting, size-selective harvest, protected areas, phenotypic rescue Les changements démographiques et évolutifs induits par la chasse aux trophées peuvent avoir une incidence sur les traits ciblés. Chez les mâles du mouflon d'Amérique (Ovis canadensis Shaw, 1804), une récolte importante d'individus à croissance rapide des cornes serait en partie à l'origine de diminutions à long terme de la taille des cornes. La reproduction d'individus migrants originaires d'aires protégées, non soumis à la sélection artificielle, au sein de populations chassées pourrait réduire ces efets sélectifs. Les mouflons d'Amérique effectuent de longues migrations durant les semaines précédant le rut à la fin novembre. Nous avons analysé les données sur plus de 7800 béliers abattus entre 1974 et 2019 en Alberta (Canada), afin de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle une forte pression de chasse pendant les migrations de reproduction serait corrélée à une diminution accrue de la taille des cornes. Nous avons comparé des régions avec et sans pic de récolte prononcé à la fin octobre, quand la migration de reproduction des mâles commence. Les régions sans pic de récolte prononcé à la fin octobre, dans lesquelles le taux de récolte est probablement plus faible, présentaient un déclin semblable de la taille de cornes au fil du temps, mais pas d'augmentation de l'âge au moment de la récolte, ce qui pourrait indiquer une diminution plus faible de la croissance des cornes. L'étude donne à penser que des immigrants non sélectionnés issus d'aires protégées pourraient contribuer à atténuer les efets d'une intense chasse aux trophées seulement si la pression de récolte est réduite au début des migrations de reproduction. Mots-clés : mouflon d'Amérique, Ovis canadensis, taille des cornes, chasse aux trophées, récolte sélective selon la taille, aires protégées, rescousse phénotypique, Introduction In recent decades, several studies have provided convincing evidence that human harvest can have both ecological and evolutionary consequences (reviews by Allendorf and Hard 2009; Darimont et al. 2009; [...]

Background: We aimed to define the appropriateness of interventions for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistulas (POPF) after pancreatectomy, given the lack of consistent data on this topic. Methods: Using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method, we assembled an expert panel to rate clinical scenarios for interventions to prevent POPF after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and distal pancreatectomy (DP). Results: The following interventions were rated appropriate: individualized risk prediction for all patients; perioperative pasireotide administration for patients undergoing PD who have a soft pancreatic gland and a pancreatic duct size of less 3 mm and for patients undergoing DP; pancreaticogastrostomy for patients undergoing PD who have a soft pancreatic gland and pancreaticojejunostomy for PD for patients with a pancreatic duct size of 6 mm or greater regardless of pancreatic gland texture; duct-to-mucosa anastomosis for all patients undergoing PD and dunking anastomosis for patients undergoing PD who have a pancreatic duct size of less than 3 mm with a firm pancreatic gland; simple stapled and reinforced stapled transection for all DP; surgical drains for PD and DP in patients with a soft pancreatic gland; and open and minimally invasive surgery for DP and open surgery for PD. The following were rated inappropriate: gastrointestinal anastomosis for stump closure in all DP and omission of surgical drain in PD for patients with a pancreatic duct diameter less than 3 mm and a soft pancreatic gland. Conclusion: The expert panel identified appropriate and inappropriate scenarios for POPF prevention following pancreatectomy, to provide guidance to clinicians. However, the appropriateness of the interventions in the majority of the clinical scenarios was rated as uncertain, demonstrating equipoise. Contexte : Nous avons voulu clarifier le bien-fonde des interventions de prevention des fistules pancreatiques postoperatoires (FPPO) apres la pancreatectomie, car on deplore un manque de donnees coherentes a ce sujet. Methodes : Nous avons forme un comite d'experts qui a applique la methode de consensus RAND/UCLA pour evaluer les scenarios cliniques d'interventions de prevention des FPPO apres la pancreatoduodenectomie (PD) et la pancreatectomie distale, ou gauche (PG). Resultats : Les interventions suivantes ont ete jugees appropriees : evaluation systema-tique du risque chez tous les patients; administration perioperatoire de pasireotide chez les patients soumis a une PD qui ont un pancreas mou et un canal pancreatique de moins de 3 mm de diametre et chez les patients soumis a une PG; pancreatogastrostomie chez les patients soumis a une PD qui ont un pancreas mou et pancreatojejunostomie chez les patients soumis a une PD dont le canal pancreatique mesure 6 mm ou plus de diametre, independamment de la texture du pancreas; anastomose canal-muqueuse chez tous les patients soumis a une PD et anastomose en << dunking >> chez les patients soumis a une PD qui ont un canal pancreatique de moins de 3 mm de diametre et un pancreas ferme; dissection a agrafage simple et renforce pour toutes les PG; drains chirurgicaux pour la PD et la PG chez les patients dont le pancreas est mou; et chirurgie ouverte et minimalement effractive pour la PG et chirurgie ouverte pour la PD. Les interventions suivantes ont ete jugees inappropriees : anastomose gastro-intestinale pour la ligature du moignon pour toutes les PG et omission du drain chirurgical chez les patients soumis a une PD dont le diametre du canal pancreatique est inferieur a 3 mm et dont le pancreas est mou. Conclusion : Le comite d'experts a identifie les scenarios appropries et inappropries pour la prevention des FPPO apres la pancreatectomie afin de guider les cliniciens. Toutefois dans la majorite des scenarios cliniques, le bien-fonde de ces interventions a ete juge incertain, donc, les avis etaient partages., Pancreatectomy remains a substantial undertaking for patients, health care providers and health systems because of its complexity and the associated morbidity. Despite improvements in perioperative care and reductions in mortality, [...]

The recruitment of saplings in forest stands into merchantable stems is a very complex process, thus making it challenging to understand and predict. The dynamics of recruitment in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick are not well known or well documented. Our objective was to garner information from existing large-scale routine forest inventories regarding the different dynamics behind the recruitment from the sapling layer into the commercial tree size layer. We focused on the density and occurrence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) following harvesting, by looking at many factors on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales using models. The results suggest that the variation in density and probability of occurrence is best explained by the intensity of silvicultural treatment, by the merchantable stem density in each plot, and by the proportion of merchantable basal area of each group of species. The number of recruits of sugar maple and yellow birch stems tend be higher when time since last treatment increases, when mid to low levels of silvicultural treatment intensity were implemented, and within plots having intermediate levels of merchantable stem density. Lastly, our modeling efforts suggest that the probability of occurrence and density of recruitment of both species tend to increase while its share of merchantable basal area increases. Key words: tolerant hardwoods, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), Acadian forest, recruitment modeling, zero-inflated. Le passage de gaules a tiges marchandes dans les peuplements forestiers est un processus tres complexe qui le rend difficile a comprendre et a prevoir. La dynamique du recrutement dans la region forestiere acadienne du Nouveau-Brunswick n'est pas bien connue ni documentee. Notre objectif etait de tirer des renseignements a partir des inventaires forestiers a grande echelle realises de facon routiniere en ce qui concerne la dynamique de passage des gaules a arbres de dimension commerciale. Nous nous interessons particulierement a la densite et l'occurrence du recrutement d'erables a sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) et de bouleaux jaunes (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) apres la coupe en examinant de nombreux facteurs sur une large gamme d'echelles spatiales et temporelles a l'aide de modeles. Les resultats des meilleurs modeles indiquent que la densite et la probabilite d'occurrence sont reliees a l'intensite du traitement sylvicole, a la densite des tiges marchandes dans chaque parcelle et a la proportion de la surface terriere marchande occupee par chaque groupe d'especes. Le nombre de recrues d'erable a sucre et de bouleau jaune a tendance a etre plus eleve lorsque le temps ecoule depuis le dernier traitement augmente, lorsque les traitements sylvicoles sont d'intensite faible a moyenne, et dans les parcelles ayant un niveau intermediaire de densite de tiges marchandes. Finalement, nos efforts de modelisation indiquent que la probabilite d'occurrence et la densite de recrutement des deux especes ont tendance a augmenter lorsque leur proportion de la surface terriere marchande augmente. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : feuillus tolerants a l'ombre, modele lineaire mixte generalise (GLMM), foret acadienne, modelisation du recrutement, exces de zeros., 1. Introduction Forests are continuously evolving dynamic biological systems that are influenced by a multitude of environmental, ecological, and silvicultural factors (Messier et al. 2019). A key concept at the [...]

Blastomyces dermatitidis, a dimorphic fungus, causes a localized or disseminated pyogranulomatous fungal infection called blastomycosis. Various descriptive studies have shown predominantly pulmonary, skin, bone, and genitourinary involvement (1). The clinical [...]

The aim of the present research is to examine the factor structure of the Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), and the Interpersonal Behavior Questionnaire Self (IBQ-Self), two scales developed for the purpose of measuring supportive and thwarting interpersonal behaviors. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the psychometric proprieties, the nomological validity with the basic needs' satisfaction and frustration as well as the measurement invariance between gender, and differences across latent means. For the IBQ, 837 Portuguese gym members aged between 18 to 63 years old (M = 34.58; SD = 11.35) participated in this study. They had been practicing physical exercise for about 43.00 ± 37.00 months. For IBQ-Self, 612 trainers, with a professional experience that ranged from 12 to 492 months (M = 88.54; SD = 77.89), participated in this study. The analysis revealed that both scales had good fit, achieving convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, they show acceptable internal consistency and invariance between gender. Nomological validity displayed projected results, according to theoretical and empirical literature. Regarding analysis of the psychometric proprieties, IBQ and IBQ-Self can be applied to Portuguese exercisers and exercise physiologist to measure perceived behaviors from others and self-reported behaviors, respectively., Author(s): F. Rodrigues [sup.1] [sup.2] , L. Pelletier [sup.3] , H. P. Neiva [sup.1] [sup.2] , D. S. Teixeira [sup.4] , L. Cid [sup.2] [sup.5] , D. Monteiro [sup.2] [sup.5] [...]

Despite the importance of intimate partner violence (IPV) and homicide research to women's health and safety, much remains unknown about risk factors for intimate partner homicide (IPH). This article presents the Arizona Intimate Partner Homicide Study, pilot research that is being conducted in one U.S. state to update and expand on risk factors for IPH. In the context of presenting this study, we summarize the literature on data collection techniques, various marginalized and under researched populations, and the importance of gathering data about the victim-offender relationship and situational IPH risk factors. Additional research is needed to update risk factors for IPH to account for changes in technology and to examine differential risk across diverse populations. Local, community based data collection strategies are likely to provide more comprehensive and nuanced insight into IPH; though, to understand risk factors among marginalized populations, it may be necessary to increase sample size through a national strategy. Although not a panacea, we present this ongoing research as a model for other states to emulate and improve upon, in the hopes of developing more comprehensive data examining risk for IPH among victims of IPV., Author(s): Jill Theresa Messing [sup.1] , Millan A. AbiNader [sup.1] , Jesenia M. Pizarro [sup.2] , Jacquelyn C. Campbell [sup.3] , Megan Lindsay Brown [sup.1] , Karissa R. Pelletier [sup.2] [...]

Background: The raw costs of mitomycin C (MMC) and oxaliplatin for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) differ substantially. We sought to compare the morbidity and toxicity profiles associated with the use of oxaliplatin and MMC in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and HIPEC for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal or appendiceal origin, to evaluate whether the cost-effectiveness of these 2 agents should dictate drug choice. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multi-institutional study of all patients with PC of colorectal or appendiceal origin treated with CRS-HIPEC using MMC or oxaliplatin from 2010 to 2015. Demographic, perioperative, morbidity, toxicity and cost data were compared between the 2 treatment groups and between cancer-origin subgroups. Results: Forty-two patients treated with MMC and 76 treated with oxaliplatin were included in the study. Baseline demographic and tumour characteristics were compar able in the 2 groups, except that the patients treated with MMC had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. The MMC group had a higher rate of cancer of colorectal origin (76.2% v. 57.9%, p = 0.047) and longer operative times (553 v. 320 min, p < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients whose cancer was of colorectal origin, patients treated with MMC had a higher transfusion rate (50.0% v. 28.6%, p = 0.023) and lower postoperative baseline hemoglobin level (100 v. 119 g/L, p = 0.002) than those treated with oxaliplatin. There was no difference in hematologic toxicity scores after controlling for postoperative anemia. There was no difference in the rates of major complications and 90-day mortality. However, MMC was less costly than oxaliplatin ($724 v. $8928). Conclusion: MMC and oxaliplatin are both suitable agents for HIPEC and are associated with comparable morbidity and toxicity profiles, regardless of cancer origin. Thus, we propose that cost-effectiveness should ultimately dictate drug selection. Contexte : Les couts bruts de la mitomycine C (MMC) et de l'oxaliplatine pour la chimiotherapie hyperthermique intraperitoneale (CHIP) sont tres differents. Nous avons voulu comparer la morbidite et la toxicite associees a l'oxaliplatine et a la MMC chez les patients subissant une chirurgie de reduction tumorale (CRT) et une CHIP pour une carcinomatose peritoneale (CP) d'origine colorectale ou appendiculaire afin d'evaluer si le choix des professionnels de la sante devrait reposer sur le rapport coutefficacite de ces medicaments. Methodes : Nous avons mene une etude multicentrique retrospective sur tous les patients qui, entre 2010 et 2015, presentaient une CP d'origine colorectale ou appendiculaire et ont subi une CRT ainsi qu'une CHIP a la MMC ou a l'oxaliplatine. Les donnees relatives aux caracteristiques demographiques, aux resultats perioperatoires, a la morbidite, a la toxicite et aux couts ont ete comparees entre les 2 groupes de traitement et entre les sous-groupes formes en fonction de l'origine du cancer. Resultats : Au total, 42 patients traites a la MMC et 76 patients traites a l'oxaliplatine ont ete inclus dans l'etude. Les caracteristiques demographiques et tumorales des 2 groupes avant le traitement etaient semblables, a l'exception de l'indice de comorbidite de Charlson, qui etait plus eleve dans le groupe MMC. Le groupe MMC presentait un taux plus important de cancer d'origine colorectale (76,2 % c. 57,9 %; p = 0,047), de meme qu'un temps operatoire plus long (553 min c. 320 min; p < 0,001). En ce qui concerne le sous-groupe de patients atteints d'un cancer d'origine colorectale, les personnes traitees a la MMC affichaient un taux de transfusion plus eleve (50,0 % c. 28,6 %; p = 0,023) et un taux d'hemoglobine postoperatoire de reference plus bas (100 g/L c. 119 g/L; p = 0,002) que celles traitees a l'oxaliplatine. Une fois l'anemie postoperatoire prise en compte, aucune difference n'a ete observee quant a la toxicite hematologique. Les taux de complications majeures et de mortalite a 90 jours etaient aussi comparables. La MMC coutait toutefois moins cher que l'oxaliplatine (724 $ c. 8928 $). Conclusion : La MMC et l'oxaliplatine conviennent a la CHIP, et la morbidite et la toxicite qui y sont associees sont comparables, quelle que soit l'origine du cancer. Nous proposons donc que le choix du medicament a utiliser repose sur le rapport cout-efficacite., Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal or appendiceal origin is associated with a dismal 6-month prognosis if left untreated. (1,2) Despite substantial improvements in chemotherapeutic regimens, fewer than 10% of patients [...]

This research explores the representations of two minority religions in United States, the Amish and the fundamentalist Mormons (FLDS), in two reality shows produced in 2013: Breaking Amish and Breaking the Faith. To which extent these reality shows contribute to reinforce stereotypes about these minority religions? The hypothesis postulates that there is a convergence in the representations of minority religions in these reality shows which contributes to the reproduction of stereotypes. Based on theories of identity construction and on the study of new religious movements, the analysis shows that the same guiding lines are recurrent in both reality shows. Cet article etudie les representations de religions minoritaires aux Etats-Unis, les amish et les mormons fondamentalistes (FLDS), dans deux telerealites produites en 2013 : Breaking Amish et Breaking the Faith. Dans quelle mesure ces telerealites contribuent-elles a (re)produire les stereotypes a leur egard ? L'hypothese avancee postule qu'il existe une convergence des representations dans ces telerealites, contribuant a renforcer les stereotypes. En fondant une analyse de contenu sur certains indicateurs tires des theories de la construction identitaire et du champ d'etude des nouveaux mouvements religieux, il est possible de constater que les memes indicateurs sont recurrents dans les deux telerealites., INTRODUCTION Cet article s'inscrit a la confluence d'une sociologie de l'information (Agostino et al., 2011; Finger & Moatti, 2010; Maigret, 2015; Rieffel, 2010) et d'une sociologie des religions (Cipriani, 2004; [...]

In 2015, the leadership of the Board of Examiners in Sex Therapy and Counselling of Ontario (BESTCO) struck a committee to establish the first set of core competencies for the [...]

Since 2000 or so, the core competencies movement in psychotherapy has led to the identification of requirements for therapy and therapists across theoretical orientations and clinical domains. One conspicuous omission [...]

This study employs a mixed methods approach, using quantitative analysis to discuss significant patterns, and qualitative analysis to provide descriptive accounts of homicide incidents. Seven hundred and five homicides that occurred in a northeastern city between January 1999 and December 2007 are examined to answer the following research question: Do the situated transactions of firearm homicides differ from those involving other weapons? The quantitative analyses found distinct patterns in offender intent, criminogenic tendencies, and situational attributes between firearm and other weapon homicides. The qualitative analysis revealed that firearms are most often utilized in homicides that can be understood as 'doing crime,' where offenders and victims are engaged in a criminal lifestyle and firearms are an extension of this activity. Other weapons are associated with homicides concerned with 'establishing moral order,' or defending values and ideals, between individuals who are intimate. The methodological and policy implication of these findings are discussed., Author(s): Jesenia M. Pizarro [sup.1] , Karen Holt [sup.2] , Karissa R. Pelletier [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2151 2636, grid.215654.1, Firearm Safety Among Children and Teens Consortium (FACTS), [...]

Studies have shown the efficacy of school-based occupational therapy. However, these services remain little implemented in Quebec, related to a misunderstanding of this professional practice. In order to better understand the occupational therapy services offered in Quebec schools, a descriptive study was carried out. Fifty-three occupational therapists working in a school environment completed an electronic questionnaire. Occupational therapy services would be mainly available in Montreal, using a traditional service delivery model. They are mostly organized with a traditional delivery model and offered in special classes. Implementing a collaborative delivery model would allow a better response to the needs of students. Keywords: occupational therapy, school-based practice, school, students with difficulties Des etudes ont demontre l'efficacite de l'ergotherapie en milieu scolaire. Or, une faible implantation de ces services au Quebec est remarquee, attribuable a une meconnaissance de cette pratique professionnelle. Afin de mieux comprendre l'offre de services d'ergotherapie en milieu scolaire au Quebec, une etude descriptive a ete realisee. Cinquante-trois ergotherapeutes exercant en milieu scolaire ont rempli un questionnaire electronique. Les services d'ergotherapie en milieu scolaire au Quebec seraient surtout disponibles dans la region de Montreal et organises selon un modele de services traditionnel. Mettre en place un modele de services collaboratif permettrait de mieux repondre aux besoins des eleves. Mots-cles : ergotherapie, pratique en milieu scolaire, ecole, eleves en difficulte, Introduction Au Canada, l'ecole constitue un milieu de vie important pour les enfants d'age scolaire, en raison de la scolarisation obligatoire. Cependant, certains d'entre eux eprouvent de la difficulte a [...]

Les objectifs de cette recherche sont de tester si la fréquence d'utilisation de la tablette numérique (TN) comme outil pédagogique en classe est associée au rendement scolaire des élèves en mathématiques, en français et en anglais, et si cette relation s'explique par une plus grande motivation autodéterminée chez les élèves. Les résultats, obtenus à l'aide d'un modèle par équations structurelles, indiquent qu'une utilisation plus fréquente de la TN prédit positivement la motivation autodéterminée en mathématiques et en français. En retour, cette motivation prédit les perceptions de compétence qui sont associées positivement à la réussite dans ces matières. L'article traite de l'importance de ces résultats pour les écrits scientifiques sur la TN et pour la théorie de l'autodétermination. Mots-clés : tablette numérique, rendement scolaire, motivation autodéterminée The objectives of this research are to test whether the frequency of use of the digital tablet (DT) as a teaching tool in the classroom is associated with the students' academic performance in mathematics, in French and in English, and if this relation is explained by students' increased self-motivation. The results, obtained from structural equation modeling, indicate that a more frequent use of the DT positively predicts autonomous motivation in mathematics and French. In turn, motivation predicts perceived competence, which is associated with higher achievement in these school subjects. This article considers the meaning of these findings for the scientific literature on DT and for self-determination theory. Keywords: digital tablet, academic performance, self-motivation, Introduction Depuis leur entrée sur le marché en 2010 (Greer & Ferguson, 2015), le nombre de tablettes numériques (TN) utilisé par les élèves connaît une forte croissance. En 2013, 4,5 [...]

Maladaptive wound healing responses to chronic tissue injury result in organ fibrosis. Fibrosis, which entails excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and tissue remodeling by activated myofibroblasts, leads to loss of proper tissue architecture and organ function; however, the molecular mediators of myofibroblast activation have yet to be fully identified. Here we identify soluble ephrin-B2 (sEphrin-B2) as a new profibrotic mediator in lung and skin fibrosis. We provide molecular, functional and translational evidence that the ectodomain of membrane-bound ephrin-B2 is shed from fibroblasts into the alveolar airspace after lung injury. Shedding of sEphrin-B2 promotes fibroblast chemotaxis and activation via EphB3 and/or EphB4 receptor signaling. We found that mice lacking ephrin-B2 in fibroblasts are protected from skin and lung fibrosis and that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is the major ephrin-B2 sheddase in fibroblasts. ADAM10 expression is increased by transforming growth factor (TGF)-[beta]1, and ADAM10-mediated sEphrin-B2 generation is required for TGF-[beta]1-induced myofibroblast activation. Pharmacological inhibition of ADAM10 reduces sEphrin-B2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and prevents lung fibrosis in mice. Consistent with the mouse data, ADAM10-sEphrin-B2 signaling is upregulated in fibroblasts from human subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. These results uncover a new molecular mechanism of tissue fibrogenesis and identify sEphrin-B2, its receptors EphB3 and EphB4 and ADAM10 as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fibrotic diseases., Author(s): David Lagares (corresponding author) [1]; Parisa Ghassemi-Kakroodi [2]; Caroline Tremblay [2]; Alba Santos [1]; Clemens K Probst [1]; Alicia Franklin [1]; Daniela M Santos [1]; Paula Grasberger [1]; Neil [...]

Azelie Papineau, Vertiges : journal, 1867-1868. Introduction et notes de Georges Aubin. Avant-propos de Micheline Lachance, Montreal, VLB, 2018, 138 p. 23$ Filie cadette de Julie Bruneau et de Louis-Joseph [...]

B cells are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in the ongoing control of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The development of antibodies against the viral surface antigen (HBV surface antigen [HBsAgs]) constitutes the hallmark of resolution of acute infection and is a therapeutic goal for functional cure of chronic HBV (CHB). We characterized B cells directly ex vivo from the blood and liver of patients with CHB to investigate constraints on their antiviral potential. Unexpectedly, we found that HBsAg-specific B cells persisted in the blood and liver of many patients with CHB and were enriched for T-bet, a signature of antiviral potential in B cells. However, purified, differentiated HBsAg-specific B cells from patients with CHB had defective antibody production, consistent with undetectable anti-HBs antibodies in vivo. HBsAg-specific and global B cells had an accumulation of [CD21.sup.-]]CD27.sup.-] atypical memory B cells (atMBC) with high expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1. These atMBC demonstrated altered signaling, homing, differentiation into antibody-producing cells, survival, and antiviral/proinflammatory cytokine production that could be partially rescued by PD-1 blockade. Analysis of B cells within healthy and HBV-infected livers implicated the combination of this tolerogenic niche and HBV infection in driving [PD-1.sup.hi] at MBC and impairing B cell immunity., Introduction The humoral immune response is well recognized as playing an essential role in protection against pathogens. However, accumulating data implicate B cells and Abs, not only in protection against [...]

Background and objectives Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children. Recurrence of primary disease following transplantation is a major cause of allograft loss. The clinical determinants of disease recurrence are not completely known. Our objectives were to determine risk factors for recurrence of FSGS/MCD following kidney transplantation and factors that predict response to immunosuppression following recurrence. Methods Multicenter study of pediatric patients with kidney transplants performed for ESKD due to SRNS between 1/2006 and 12/2015. Demographics, clinical course, and biopsy data were collected. Patients with primary-SRNS (PSRNS) were defined as those initially resistant to corticosteroid therapy at diagnosis, and patients with late-SRNS (LSRNS) as those initially responsive to steroids who subsequently developed steroid resistance. We performed logistic regression to determine risk factors associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) recurrence. Results We analyzed 158 patients; 64 (41%) had recurrence of NS in their renal allograft. Disease recurrence occurred in 78% of patients with LSRNS compared to 39% of those with PSRNS. Patients with MCD on initial native kidney biopsy had a 76% recurrence rate compared with a 40% recurrence rate in those with FSGS. Multivariable analysis showed that MCD histology (OR; 95% CI 5.6; 1.3-23.7) compared to FSGS predicted disease recurrence. Conclusions Pediatric patients with MCD and LSRNS are at higher risk of disease recurrence following kidney transplantation. These findings may be useful for designing studies to test strategies for preventing recurrence., Author(s): Jonathan H. Pelletier [sup.1] , Karan R. Kumar [sup.1] , Rachel Engen [sup.2] , Adam Bensimhon [sup.1] , Jennifer D. Varner [sup.1] , Michelle N. Rheault [sup.3] , Tarak [...]

Northern hardwood species display a variety of forms and defects that can reduce stem quality and complicate their timber management. However, for the most part, growth and yield models do not account for the influence of stem form and damage. This study determined the influence of stem form and damage on growth, survival, and projected future sawlog value among several northern commercial hardwood species. To accomplish this, hardwood trees on 112 permanent plots across three long-term research sites in Maine were assigned stem form and risk classes using a tree classification system developed in New Brunswick. A highly significant influence of stem form and risk on annualized individual-tree diameter increment and survival was found. Inclusion of these equations into a regional growth and yield model highlighted the importance of stem form and defects on long-term simulations as projected stand-level future value was significantly reduced by over 17%, on average (range of 13% to 28%), when compared with projections that did not include that tree-level information. The results highlight the importance of stem form and defects, as well as the need to account for them, in growth and yield applications that assess the forecasted value of commercially important hardwood stands. Key words: paper birch, quaking aspen, red maple, red oak, yellow birch. Le tronc des especes de feuillus nordiques presente une variete de formes et de defauts qui peuvent diminuer la qualite des arbres et compliquer l'amenagement de ces essences pour la production de bois d'oeuvre. Cependant, la plupart des modeles de croissance et de rendement tiennent encore tres peu compte de l'impact de la forme du tronc et des defauts. Cette etude avait pour but de determiner l'influence de la forme du tronc et des defauts sur la croissance, la survie et la valeur future estimee des billes de sciage de plusieurs especes commerciales de feuillus nordiques. A cette fin, nous avons utilise un systeme de classification des arbres elabore au Nouveau-Brunswick et attribue une forme du tronc et une classe de risque de perte de vigueur a chaque tige de feuillus nordiques presente dans 112 placettes permanentes reparties dans trois stations de recherche a long terme situees dans le Maine. La forme du tronc et le risque avaient une influence tres significative sur le taux de survie et l'accroissement en diametre annualise des tiges prises individuellement. L'inclusion de ces equations dans un modele regional de croissance et de rendement a mis en evidence l'importance de la forme du tronc et des defauts pour les simulations a long terme etant donne que la valeur future estimee a l'echelle du peuplement etait significativement reduite, de plus de 17 % en moyenne (etendue de 13 a 28 %), comparativement aux projections qui n'incluaient pas cette information au sujet de chaque tige. Les resultats font aussi ressortir l'importance de la forme du tronc et des defauts, ainsi que la necessite d'en tenir compte, dans les applications de croissance et de rendement qui evaluent la valeur anticipee des peuplements feuillus qui ont une importance commerciale. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : bouleau blanc, peuplier faux-tremble, erable rouge, chene rouge, bouleau jaune., Introduction Northern hardwood and mixed-wood forest types account for approximately 8.1 million ha across the northeastern United States (US) and portions of Canada adjacent to this region (Leak et al. [...]

Over the last decades, aerial insectivorous birds have been declining in both North America and Europe. Those declines have been hypothetically attributed to a decrease in prey availability caused by agricultural intensification, but empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we quantify the effect of landscape composition on the abundance and diversity of potential prey of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808)) and on nestling diet in southern Quebec, Canada. We collected food boluses from nestlings and compared their composition with spatiotemporally corresponding samples from traps on farms distributed along a gradient of agricultural intensification. The diet of nestlings was mostly composed of Diptera, both in biomass and abundance, but by mid-June, these decreased with increasing proportions of intensively cultivated crops within 500 m of the nests. Trap catches for Diptera and all arthropods combined followed the same trends. Yet, the associations between Diptera subgroups (Nematocera, non-schizophoran Brachycera, Schizophora (Calyptratae), and Schizophora (Acalyptratae)) and landscape composition differed between traps and boluses, suggesting that prey selection was altered by agricultural intensification. Our results suggest that agriculture can alter the availability of preferred prey for aerial insectivores, and further studies should evaluate the impact of prey availability to explain the decline of aerial insectivores. Key words: aerial insectivorous bird, arthropods, agricultural intensification, Diptera, redundancy analysis (RDA), Tree Swallow, Tachycineta bicolor. Depuis quelques decennies, les oiseaux insectivores aeriens sont en declin en Amerique du Nord et en Europe. La diminution de la disponibilite de proies dans l'environnement causee par l'intensification agricole est souvent l'hypothese suggeree pour expliquer ces declins, mais les preuves empiriques le confirmant sont rares. Cette etude quantifie l'effet de la composition du paysage sur l'abondance et la diversite des proies potentielles de l'Hirondelle bicolore (Tachycineta bicolor (Vieillot, 1808)) tout comme sur la diete des oisillons dans le sud du Quebec (Canada). Des becquees alimentaires ont ete prelevees a des oisillons et leur composition a ete comparee a celle d'echantillons recoltes par des pieges a insectes installes le long d'un gradient d'intensification agricole. La diete des oisillons etait majoritairement composee de dipteres tant au niveau de l'abondance que de la biomasse, mais des la mi-juin, ces parametres diminuaient a mesure qu'augmentait la proportion des cultures intensives dans un rayon de 500 m des nids. Les memes relations ont ete trouvees pour les echantillons des pieges a insectes en ce qui a trait aux dipteres analyses seuls, mais aussi pour tous les arthropodes combines. Les associations entre les sous-groupes de dipteres (nematoceres, brachyceres non-schizophores, schizophores (Calyptratae) et schizophores (Acalyptratae)) et les composantes du paysage agricole differaient cependant entre les becquees alimentaires et les pieges a insectes suggerant que la selection des proies est influencee par l'intensification agricole. Nos resultats suggerent donc que l'agriculture peut alterer la disponibilite de proies pour les insectivores aeriens, mais d'autres etudes devraient toutefois etre effectuees afin d'expliquer l'effet de la disponibilite de proies dans le milieu sur le declin des insectivores aeriens. Mots-cles: oiseau insectivore aerien, arthropodes, intensification agricole, dipteres, analyse de redondance, hirondelle bicolore, Tachycineta bicolor., Introduction Anthropogenic environmental changes are affecting a large number of species worldwide and in many cases result in their decline (Fuller et al. 1995; Wittmer et al. 2007; Cahill et [...]

Suite à la mise en oeuvre du programme d'apprentissage à temps plein de la maternelle et du jardin d'enfants, cette étude a comme but d'examiner les différences de stress parentale, en particulier les difficultés quotidiennes identifiées par des parents d'enfants inscrits à des programmes à temps plein et à temps partiel. En se basant sur un projet de démonstration intégrant la maternelle/le jardin et les services de garde d'enfants, nous avons émis l'hypothèse que les parents d'enfants inscrits à un programme à temps plein éprouvent moins de difficultés quotidiennes. Dans le contexte d'une étude de suivi longitudinale sur la transition du programme à temps partiel au programme à temps plein dans la province, nous avons demandé aux parents participant à l'étude de remplir un questionnaire au sujet des difficultés quotidiennes des parents. Les résultats indiquent que le programme à temps plein diminue les difficultés quotidiennes seulement chez les parents employés à temps plein. Nous considérons les conséquences sur le plan politique de l'intégration du programme d'apprentissage à temps plein de la maternelle/du jardin d'enfants et des services de garde d'enfants. Mots-clés: maternelle à temps plein stress parental, tracas quotidian, emploi des parents, modèle de soins intégrés Parenting daily hassles are viewed as the recurring demands associated with raising a young child (Crnic & Greenberg, 1990) and contribute to parental well-being and parenting relationships (Crnic, Gaze, & Hoffman, 2005). The goal of this study was to examine differences in the daily hassles reported by parents of half-day and full-day kindergarten students following the phased-in implementation of full-day kindergarten in Ontario. Based on results from a previous demonstration project of integrated kindergarten and childcare, it was hypothesized that parents of full-day kindergarten children would experience fewer daily hassles related to education and childcare. Four hundred and forty-nine parents participating in a longitudinal study tracking Ontario's transition from half-day to full-day kindergarten were asked to complete a survey of their experiences with early childhood parenting daily hassles, as well as a demographic questionnaire as part of the larger study. We investigated whether parents of children enrolled in full-day programs experienced reductions in parenting daily hassles as compared to parents of children in half-day programs. Overall, parents of children enrolled in full-day kindergarten reported similar levels of daily hassles to parents of children in half-day programs. Additional analyses of demographic factors indicated that full-day kindergarten was related to lower levels of daily hassles for parents who worked full-time. Policy implications regarding integrated full-day kindergarten and childcare are discussed. Keywords: full-day kindergarten, parenting stress, parenting daily hassles, parent employment, integrated care model, Introduction Parenting Stress Stress is considered a continuous interaction between a person and the environment (Lazarus, 1984). Parenting stress can result from the discrepancy between the demands of parenthood and [...]

This paper posits that the two divergent strategies aiming to legitimize cinema in the transitional and early classical eras--imitation of the established arts, and emphasis on the popular nature and specificity of the new media--can be correlated to different sets of words and expressions used to label moving pictures. It then proceeds to track the fate of these connoted words and expressions through the distant reading of the vast corpuses of digitized historical publications explored by Project Arclight and the Google Books Ngram Viewer. The findings foreground the role played by newspapermen in the institutionalization of cinema. KEYWORDS: cultural hierarchies, institutionalization, transitional era, nomenclature, newspapers, digital humanities, The US cultural commentator Gilbert Seldes appears to have become in 1924 the first--but certainly not the last--critic to bemoan the passing of a golden age of the movies. Born [...]

Northern hardwood trees display a wide variety of stem forms and defects, which can substantially reduce their financial value and also complicate their silviculture. While attributes of stem form and defect have been incorporated into tree classification systems, their ability to assess product value and recovery in standing trees has not been adequately tested. To address this issue, we classified stem form and risk using a system developed by the Northern Hardwoods Research Institute (NHRI) for four species across several locations in Maine, New Hampshire, and New Brunswick: sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), red maple (Acerrubrum L.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Using these data, we (i) quantified interspecific and regional variation in stem form and damage, (ii) related potential sawlog recovery to tree size, form, and risk, and (iii) compared the efficacy of the NHRI system with a commonly used classification system and a continuous measure of stem quality. High variation in both stem form and damage among the species was found, with red maple showing the largest range. A simplified NHRI system including three form classes proved to be sufficient in differentiating sawlog potential in individual trees, while a model using a continuous measure of stem quality (estimated merchantable sawlog height) performed best. Key words: stem form, risk, northern hardwoods, classification systems, sawlog potential. Le tronc des feuillus nordiques presente une variete de formes et de defauts qui peuvent reduire substantiellement leur valeur financiere et aussi compliquer leur sylviculture. Bien que les attributs de la forme et des defauts du tronc aient ete incorpores dans des systemes de classement des arbres, leur capacite a estimer le rendement et la valeur des produits chez les arbres sur pied n'a pas ete adequatement testee. Pour aborder ce probleme, nous avons classe la forme du tronc et le risque de perte de vigueur a plusieurs endroits dans le Maine, le New Hampshire et le Nouveau-Brunswick en utilisant un systeme developpe par l'Institut de recherche sur les feuillus nordiques (IRFN) pour quatre especes : l'erable a sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.), l'erable rouge (Acer rubrum L.), le bouleau jaune (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) et le chene rouge (Quercus rubra L.). A l'aide de ces donnees nous avons (i) quantifie la variation interspecifique et regionale de la forme de la tige et des dommages, (ii) relie le rendement potentiel en billes de sciage a la taille de l'arbre, la forme du tronc et le risque de perte de vigueur et (iii) compare l'efficacite du systeme de l'IRFN a celle d'un systeme de classement generalement utilise ainsi qu'a la mesure continue de la qualite du tronc. Nous avons trouve une grande variation de la forme du tronc et des dommages parmi les especes; l'ampleur de la variation etait la plus importante chez l'erable rouge. Le systeme de l'IRFN simplifie comportant trois classes de de forme s'est avere suffisant pour differencier les billes de sciage potentielles chez les arbres individuels tandis qu'un modele utilisant la mesure continue de la qualite du tronc (hauteur marchande estimee en billes de sciage) etait le plus performant. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: forme du tronc, risque de perte de vigueur, feuillus nordiques, systeme de classement, bille de sciage potentielle., Introduction The northern hardwood forest type covers approximately 8.1 million ha in the United States (US), spanning from New York into portions of Canada adjacent to this region (Leak et [...]

In tolerant hardwood forests of eastern North America, multiple-aged silvicultural systems rely on advanced regeneration to restock the forests. Evaluation of the long-term influence of advanced regeneration on the mature stand is critical for improving management practices. We used a retrospective approach to evaluate the influence of advanced regeneration present at the time of harvest on the current (2012) stand structure and the quality of the growing stock. The study was carried out in partially harvested stands in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Trees were sampled from stands with varying degrees of harvest intensities, times since harvest, and site characteristics. Pre-existing advanced regeneration contributed the bulk of trees in the 10-19 cm diameter class across the stands. In stands with low-intensity harvest, the overstory was dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) that originated as advanced regeneration. In stands with high-intensity harvest, however, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) pre-existing advanced regeneration dominated the overstory. The probability of sugar maple and yellow birch being acceptable growing stock peaked at a diameter at breast height (DBH) of about 30-40 cm, while other species combined peaked at a DBH of around 20-25 cm. Our results suggest that harvest intensities based on the dominant advanced regeneration composition and harvesting systems that minimize the risk of physical damage to advanced regeneration are required to achieve partial harvesting objectives. Key words: northern hardwoods, partial harvest, mortality rate, advanced regeneration, stand structure. Dans les forets de feuillus tolerants a l'ombre de l'est de l'Amerique du Nord, l'efficacite des systemes sylvicoles inequiennes repose sur la regeneration preetablie pour repeupler les forets. L'evaluation a long terme de l'influence de la regeneration preetablie sur le peuplement mature est importante pour ameliorer les pratiques d'amenagement. Nous avons utilise une approche retrospective pour evaluer l'influence de la regeneration preetablie presente au moment de la coupe sur la structure actuelle (2012) du peuplement et sur la qualite des arbres sur pied. Cette etude a ete realisee dans des peuplements partiellement coupes du nord-ouest du Nouveau-Brunswick, au Canada. Des arbres ont ete echantillonnes dans des peuplements presentant divers degres d'intensite de coupe, de temps depuis la coupe et de caracteristiques de la station. La majorite des arbres de la classe de diametre de 10 a 19 cm des peuplements provenaient de la regeneration preetablie. Dans les peuplements ayant subi une faible intensite de coupe, le couvert dominant etait surtout compose d'erables a sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) provenant de la regeneration preetablie. Toutefois, dans les peuplements ayant subi une forte intensite de coupe, des bouleaux jaunes (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) provenant de la regeneration preetablie composaient surtout le couvert dominant. La probabilite que les erables a sucre et les bouleaux jaunes forment un effectif de qualite acceptable etait maximale lorsqu'ils avaient atteint un DHP de 30 a 40 cm comparativement a un DHP d'environ 20 a 25 cm pour l'ensemble des autres especes. Nos resultats indiquent qu'il faut ajuster l'intensite de la coupe selon la composition dominante de la regeneration preetablie et adopter des systemes de coupe qui minimisent les risques d'endommager la regeneration preetablie pour atteindre les objectifs d'une coupe partielle. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: feuillus nordiques, coupe partielle, taux de mortalite, regeneration preetablie, structure du peuplement., 1. Introduction Northern hardwood forests cover an extensive landscape in eastern North America (Seymour et al. 2002) and represent an important resource in the region (USDA Forest Service 2001). Partial [...]

Background: Heart transplantation is no longer considered an experimental operation, but rather a standard treatment; nevertheless the context has changed substantially in recent years owing to donor shortage. The aim [...]

ABSTRACT The physiology of ion regulation in the highly invasive European green crab Carcinus maenas has been widely studied, but mostly in constant salinity conditions, and not in context of [...]