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ObjectiveThis study focuses on the quasi-static pressure characteristics of a confined cabin in a water mist environment. MethodsFirst, on the basis of the theoretical model of quasi-static pressure in a confined cabin in adiabatic ideal gas, two new assumptions are added to establish a theoretical model of quasi-static pressure in a confined cabin in a water mist environment. Internal explosion experiments in a confined cabin with and without water mist are then performed with the charge as an independent variable, and the quasi-static pressure is measured and used to verify the mitigation effect of water mist on quasi-static pressure and obtain its empirical formula.Results Combined with the theoretical model and experimental data analysis, it is concluded that the ability of water mist to reduce quasi-static pressure increases with the increase in charge-volume ratio, but the increase rate gradually decreases. Both the theoretical formulas of the afterburning correction term and empirical formulas can be used to estimate the quasi-static pressure peak in the cabin.ConclusionsThe experimental results verify the mitigation effect of water mist on quasi-static pressure. The experimental data of this paper and others shows good agreement with the empirical formula of the quasi-static pressure peak of an internal explosion in a water mist environment, and can be used to estimate the quasi-static pressure peak.

Large ships and submarines are the main equipment and mobile platforms supporting three-dimensional naval space operations. However, with the increasing damage power and strike accuracy of warheads, plus the diversity of destroying elements, their living environment is facing increasingly severe threats. It is thus necessary to work on the damage and protection of naval vessels subjected to blast loading. The blast-induced damage and protection of naval vessels is an interdisciplinary issue that involves the integration of explosion mechanics, fluid mechanics, structural mechanics, materials science and other disciplines in which many challenges are yet to be addressed. In view of some of the key issues involved, this paper systematically summarizes the research progress on blast load characteristics, damage mechanisms and protection technologies and equipment at home and abroad in recent years. The shortcomings of the current research are pointed out and the development trends of ship explosion damage and protection are predicted. This study can provide valuable references for future research on the efficient damage and protection of naval vessels.

In order to study the effects of GABA-rich germinated adzuki bean on blood glucose level and intestinal flora in T2DM mice. C57BL/6J mice were used as subjects to construct T2DM model by high fat diet+STZ injection. Different doses of GABA-rich germinated adzuki bean were used to treat T2DM mice for 6 weeks and 16S rRNA sequencing technique was used to identify the microbial structure and distribution in the cecal contents of T2DM mice. The results showed that different doses of GABA-rich adzuki bean dietary intervention could significantly reduce the FBG value of T2DM mice, and the FBG value of high dose GABA-rich adzuki bean (TF3) group was 8.36±0.78 mmol/L, which was 54.09%, lower than that of model group (M). In addition, TF3 diet induced significant changes in intestinal flora abundance in T2DM mice. Firmicutes abundance at gate level was 35.96%, which decreased by 53.17% compared with M model group, and Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia abundance were significantly up-regulated. In summary, the improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism by TF3 diet was significantly correlated with the abundance of dominant bacteria in Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, suggesting that high dose of GABA-rich adzuki bean diet could alleviate hyperglycemia symptoms in T2DM mice through beneficial bacteria, which provided reference for further explaining the relationship between T2DM and intestinal flora.

Coal mining can cause the deformation, fracture, and movement of overlying strata from bottom to top, leading to surface subsidence and other problems. This is a mechanical process, so it is urgent to develop a movement theoretical model based on the mechanical mechanism of rock fracture. Firstly, this paper reviews some theoretical models of rock movement worldwide, and then focuses on our research progress in the field of overall rock movement theoretical models in recent years. Based on the mechanical analysis of the fracture morphology of different layers of rock and the results of similar simulation tests, an “analogous hyperbola” model for the overall movement of mining induced overlying strata was proposed, the focus of the model was approximately located in the layer of the main key stratum of the overlying strata. Furthermore, the overall model of “analogous hyperbola” inside and outside the strata movement was established, and the expression and physical significance parameter system for the internal and external movement of mining overlying rocks were provided. The evolution law of the “hyperbolic like” model for the overall movement of rock layers was analyzed based on different occurrence conditions of overlying rocks and coal seams. On this basis, further extending the two-dimensional “analogous hyperbola” model to the three-dimensional “analogous hyperboloid” model, the three-dimensional movement model of “analogous hyperboloid” in the whole space of mining overburden was established, which includes “quasi-single-leaf” and “quasi-double-leaf” hyperboloids. This theoretical model is based on the research of many predecessors and scholars in China, from the perspective of systems science, it considers the overall movement law of rock layers. A preliminary theoretical model framework of the “analogous hyperbola (hyperboloid)” theory for the overall movement of mining overburden has been formed, hoping to provide a theoretical guidance for scientific coal mining in China.

Anticancer chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CTX) is accompanied by toxic side effects such as bone marrow suppression and intestinal mucosal injury, which seriously affects the treatment tolerance and prognosis of patients. In recent years, polysaccharides have been used as detoxifying and synergistic adjuncts for antitumor drugs due to their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory activities. This paper systematically summarizes polysaccharide purification technologies, elaborates on the detoxification mechanism of polysaccharides on CTX from multiple perspectives such as immunomodulation, antioxidation, intestinal protection, liver and kidney protection, and reproductive system protection, and discusses the synergistic effect of polysaccharides with CTX by directly or indirectly killing tumors. Furthermore, the regulatory pathways of polysaccharides in cancer chemotherapy are summarized from two aspects: toxicity reduction and efficacy enhancement. We hope that this review could provide a reference for research on the mechanism of action of polysaccharides in reducing the toxicity and enhancing the efficacy of CTX, and provide new directions for reducing the toxic side effects of CTX.

Chilled meat is favored by consumers because of its fresh, low price and high nutritive value. However, it is susceptible for microbial contamination in slaughtering, processing, marketing and other links, as well as the change of its color, odor and other qualities, which results in short shelf life, even losing its edible value and other problems of chilled meat, restricting the further development of the fresh meat industry. Therefore, the preservative preservation technology is particularly important in China's meat food, and it has a wide range of application prospects in the development of meat food industry. This paper describes the main reasons for the corruption and deterioration of chilled meat, including microbial contamination, lipid oxidation and discoloration of myoglobin. Besides, it elaborates on chemical preservation technologies such as organic acids, microbial metabolites and physical preservation technologies such as packaging technology, irradiation technology, etc., and their anticorrosion mechanisms. In addition to enumerating the status quo of its application in the preservation of meat, analyzing the advantages of preservation technology and its limitations in the development, and making future research proposals for the development of meat food. In addition, it lists the current status of its application in meat preservation, analyzes the advantages of the preservation technology and its limitations in application, and makes prospects for future preservation technologies, with a view to providing a certain theoretical basis for the further in-depth research on the preservation technology for the preservation of the preservation of cold meat as well as the preservation of fresh meat.

Sarcopenia, an age-associated loss of muscle mass and function, greatly increases the risk of fractures, falls, and death in older adults. The pathogenesis of which is mainly involves motor neuron loss, hormone imbalance, inflammatory factors, and insulin resistance, etc. Supplementing nutrients such as protein, amino acid， n-3, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin and other nutrients can effectively prevent and treat the sarcopenia. This paper focuses on the pathogenesis and nutritional intervention of sarcopenia to provide a reference for the research of sarcopenia.

ObjectivesAlthough the fluid-structure interaction calculation method can better simulate the ship collision process, it requires a longer calculation time. To address this problem, a simplified numerical calculation method is proposed. MethodsThe local cabin section of a ship is taken as the object to carry out water collision experiments under various operating conditions. Force sensors and non-contact measurement based on high-speed photography technology are used to obtain the collision force and motion time history data of the ship. The collision contact force and acceleration response data are then analyzed, and arbitrary Lagrange−Euler (ALE) coupled fluid-solid numerical computational analysis is carried out on the experimental process. The effect of the water on the impacting ship in the collision process is then simplified to the equivalent mass, and the effect on the impacted ship is simplified to the equivalent resistance, which acts on the non-impacting side of the impacted ship in the form of surface force to hinder the movement of the impacted ship. Numerical calculations that do not involve the water-structure coupling process are then carried out on the basis of the simplified method. ResultsThe results show that the errors between the peak collision force and the experimental values for each condition obtained by the simplified calculation method are within 5%, and the calculation time required by this method is much smaller than that of the ALE fluid-structure interaction algorithm ConclusionsThe proposed simplified numerical calculation method can provide useful references for realizing the efficient calculation of ship structure collision response.

Background and purpose: For patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer, trastuzumab treatment can prolong the overall survival and significantly improve the prognosis of patients. However, the reference original research trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is more expensive. Biosimilars have comparable efficacy and safety profiles while increasing patient access to treatment. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity of the trastuzumab biosimilar AK-HER2 compared to trastuzumab (Herceptin®) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Methods: This multi-center, randomised, double-blind phase Ⅲ clinical trial was conducted in 43 subcenters in China. This study complied with the research protocol, the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and the quality management standards for drug clinical trials. It was approved by the hospital's medical ethics committee. The clinical trial registration agency is the State Food and Drug Administration (clinical trial approval number: 2015L04224; clinical trial registration number: CTR20170516). Written informed consent was obtained from subjects before enrollment. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the AK-HER2 group and the control group, respectively receiving AK-HER2 or trastuzumab (initial loading dose 8 mg/kg, maintenance dose 6 mg/kg, every 3 weeks as a treatment cycle, total treatment time is 16 cycles) in combination with docetaxel (75 mg/m2, treatment duration is at least 9 cycles). The primary endpoint of this clinical trial was the objective response rate (ORR9) between the AK-HER2 group and the control group in the 9th cycle. Secondary efficacy endpoints included ORR16, disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS) and 1-year survival rate. In this study, 100 subjects (AK-HER2 group to control group=1:1) were randomly selected for blood sample collection after the 6th cycle of medication, The collection time points were 45 minutes after infusion (the end of administration), 4, 8, 24, 72, 120, 168, 336, and 504 hours after the end of administration. After collection, blood samples were analyzed by PK parameter set (PKPS). Other evaluation parameters included safety and immunogenicity assessment. Results: A total of 550 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer were enrolled in this clinical trial between Sep. 2017 and Mar. 2021. In the AK-HER2 group (n=237), 129 subjects in the experimental group achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR), and the ORR9 was 54.4%. There were 134 subjects in the control group (n=241) who achieved CR or PR, and the ORR9 was 55.6%. The ORR9 ratio between the AK-HER2 group and the control group was 97.9% [90% confidence interval (CI): 85.4%-112.2%, P=0.784], which was not statistically significant. In all secondary efficacy endpoints, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups. We conducted a mean ratio analysis of pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters between the AK-HER2 group and the control group, and the results suggested that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two drugs are similar. The incidence of treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) leading to drug reduction or suspension during trastuzumab treatment was 3.6% (10 cases) in the AK-HER2 group and 8.1% (22 cases) in the control group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.027). The incidence rate was significantly lower in the AK-HER2 group than in the control group, and there was no statistically significant difference among the other groups. The differences in the positive rates of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) and neutralizing antibodies (NAB) between groups were of no statistical significance (P=0.385 and P=0.752). Conclusion: In patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, AK-HER2 was comparable to the trastuzumab (Herceptin®) in terms of drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity.

Objective To investigate the ocular clinical features and diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of patients with endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA). Methods Six patients (seven eyes) with EE secondary to KPLA who attended our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled and analyzed in terms of clinical manifestation, examination findings, treatment regimen, and prognosis. Results All six patients were male, among whom five had pyrexia. All patients had impaired vision, and at initial diagnosis, there were four patients (five eyes) with no light perception, one patient (one eye) with manual vision, and one case (one eye) with light perception. All patients had the typical clinical manifestations of endophthalmitis such as impaired vision, conjunctival congestion and edema, ocular swelling and pain, and inflammatory response in the anterior chamber, and postoperative microbial culture of intraocular fluid showed positive Klebsiella pneumoniae. At the last visit, four patients (four eyes) had loss of vision, one patient (one eye) did not cooperate in vision check, and one patient (two eyes) was lost to follow-up. Conclusion EE secondary to KPLA is highly destructive to eyeball structure and visual function, and patients with KPLA who develop systemic symptoms (such as fever) or ocular discomfort (such as loss of vision, eye redness, and eye pain) should attend the outpatient service of ophthalmology department and receive regular follow-up examination to be alert to the development of endophthalmitis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of Zeste White 10 interactor（ZWINT）and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2（CDK2）and clinicopathological features in breast cancer，and evaluate their pathological diagnostic values in breast cancer. Methods GEPIA database was utilized to analyze the difference in the expression of ZWINT between breast cancer and normal breast tissues and assess the correlation between ZWINT and CDK2 expression in breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was employed to predict the relationship between ZWINT expression and clinical prognosis of breast cancer patients. Paraffin-embedded pathological specimens of 84 cases of breast cancer and paired paracancerous tissues and fresh specimens of 20 cases of breast cancer and paired paracancerous tissues were collected. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR）and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression levels of ZWINT and CDK2 mRNA and protein in breast cancer and paracancerous normal breast tissues，to analyze the relationship between ZWINT and CDK2 expression levels and clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Association analysis was used to analyze the correlation between ZWINT and CDK2. Receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve was delineated to evaluate the values of ZWINT and CDK2 in the pathological diagnosis of breast cancer. Results The results of database analysis showed that ZWINT was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and there was a positive correlation between the expression of ZWINT and CDK2 in breast cancer（rs = 0.600，P < 0.001）. The expression of ZWINT was closely correlated with clinical prognosis of breast cancer patients（all P < 0.05）. The test results of 84 cases showed that the expression levels of ZWINT and CDK2 mRNA and protein in breast cancer tissues were higher than those in para-carcinoma tissues（both P < 0.05），and high expression was closely correlated with tumor size，tumor stage and lymph node metastasis（all P < 0.05）. Association analysis revealed that the degree of association of Φ and Cramer V coefficient test under symmetric measurements was the same as 0.322（P = 0.003），while the column linkage number was 0.306（P = 0.003）. The expression levels of ZWINT and CDK2 proteins were closely correlated. The areas under the ROC curve of ZWINT and CDK2 were 0.886 and 0.818，which yielded high diagnostic values for breast cancer. Conclusions ZWINT and CDK2 expression levels are closely correlated the occurrence，development and prognosis of breast cancer. Detection of ZWINT and CDK2 contributes to pathological diagnosis of breast cancer.

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become highly prevalent in recent years characterized by a prolonged disease course and high disease burden. However, there is a lack of data to understand the burden of IBD in China, which may hinder health care planning and resource allocation for the disease. Objective To investigate the burden of IBD and its variation tendency in China from 1990 to 2019, and analyze the influence of age, gender and period on IBD. Methods The incidence, mortality and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rate of IBD in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected using the Global Burden of Disease Database 2019. Joinpoint software was used to analyze the variation tendency and characteristics of standardized incidence, standardized mortality and standardized DALY rate of IBD, and Excel 2019 software was used for data processing. Results From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence increased from 1.47/100 000 to 3.01/100 000 with avevage annual percent change (AAPC) of 2.50%〔95%CI (2.4%, 2.6%) 〕, the standardized mortality decreased from 0.86/100 000 to 0.35/100 000 with AAPC of -1.6%〔95%CI (-3.8%, -3.4%) 〕, the standardized DALY rate decreased from 24.47/100 000 to 16.31/100 000, with AAPC of -2.2%〔95%CI (-2.3%, -2.0%) 〕, the changes of trends were all statistically significant (P

Background The serum reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) values of heart failure patients who died during hospitalization were found significantly higher than the upper limit of the biological reference interval in the clinical work of the author. The prediction of thyroid hormones, especially rT3, on death during hospitalization of heart failure patients was rare reported in the previous studies, it is of great clinical significance to explore the indicators with predictive value for death during hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Objective To investigate the relationship between serum thyroid hormones and prognosis during hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Methods A total of 197 patients with heart failure admitted to Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from April 2019 to April 2022 were included in the study. Baseline data of the study subjects were collected by the electronic medical record system. Fasting venous blood of all subjects was collected within 24 h after admission for total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), rT3 and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-pro-BNP). Subjects were divided into death group (n=18) and non-death group (n=179) according to the occurrence of death during hospitalization. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of death during hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Receiver operating curve (ROC curve) was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of related indicators on death during hospitalization in patients with heart failure, and the area under curve (AUC) of each indicator was calculated and compared by Delong test. Results The age and rT3 of death group were higher than those of non-death group, while FT3, TT3 and TSH of death group were lower than those of non-death group, with statistically significant differences (P

The laminar flow separation and separation-induced transition at low Reynolds number are complex, and have great difficulty in numerical simulation. Based on fully-connected back-propagation neural network, a data-driven model of intermittency at low Reynolds number was established. The input parameters of the data-driven model to reflect transition process and predict intermittency were selected through optimization design. By modifying the k-ω SST two equation turbulence model with a data-driven transition equation, the flow field evolution and unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil under dynamic stall were solved. Results show that the data-driven transition equation combined with two equation turbulence model has the generalization ability for the angle of attack, and clearly reflects the typical flow conditions such as the growth and shedding of the leading-edge vortex and the reattachment of the flow under dynamic stall. The relative error of unsteady aerodynamic lift in dynamic stall between the data-driven transition model and the SST-γ three equation model is lower than 12%.

Reasonable artificial reef layout can provide suitable habitat, promote species diversity and ecosystem stability. However, affected by various factors, the actual location of the artificial reef may be different from the plan, resulting in the failure of the artificial reef construction to achieve the expected results. In this study, four indicators, including center of gravity error, peripheral area error, overlapping area error, and reef quantity error, were used to evaluate the status of artificial reef placement errors in Tianjin Ocean Ranching. The results showed that the error of the peripheral area and reef quantity is -0.11 and 0.067, respectively, it meant that the accuracy of delivery layout was relatively high; the average error of center of gravity and overlapping area was 0.59 and 0.73, respectively, and the accuracy of delivery positioning was relatively poor, which needed further improvement. From the perspective of actual changes, in 2018, the center of gravity error, overlapping area error, and reef quantity error of artificial reefs were significantly improved, and only the peripheral area error was slightly larger, indicating that the accuracy has achieved the expected effect. This study quantified the placement error of artificial reefs in Tianjin Ocean Ranching, and the results could provide useful reference for improving the effect of artificial reef placement, provide a scientific basis for relevant policy formulation, and guide management practices for Tianjin Ocean Ranching.

In order to reveal the differences in the biosynthesis and metabolism of the major bioactive composition in sea buckthorn berry pulp during ripening, non-targeted metabolomics based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to analyze the metabolites of sea buckthorn berry pulp from two strains at different developmental stages (green and orange pulp). The results showed that the four sample groups had significant metabolic differences. A total of 124 significantly differential metabolites were detected among the four groups based on variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1 and t-test P < 0.05, including organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, flavonoids and secondary metabolites. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, 15, 7 and 4 significantly differential metabolites associated with lipid, flavonoid and serotonin metabolism were identified, respectively, and eight significantly differential metabolites involved in anticancer function were selected. The significant up-regulation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/16:0) and glycerophosphocholine could be the reason for the high accumulation of lipids in sea buckthorn berry pulp. The significant upregulation of isorhamnetin was key for the high flavonoid content in sea buckthorn berry pulp. Relatively high contents of N-acetylserotonin, capecitabine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other bioactive composition involved in anticancer function were shown in sea buckthorn berry pulp during its development. These results provide a scientific basis for revealing the metabolic mechanism of bioactive composition of sea buckthorn berries and developing related functional products.

The arid inland river basins in northwestern China have been experienced various stages of soil and water resources over-exploitation over the past 50 years, as well as ecological protection and restoration in recent years, which has significantly influenced the regional groundwater and ecological environment. However, the long-term evolution of groundwater and its ecological effects remain unclear. In this study, the Kongque River Basin is chosen as a study area, and the spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater flow field is analyzed based on the comparison of recent groundwater monitoring data and historical data. The ecological effects of long-term groundwater evolution are discussed by analyzing the influence of regional groundwater to Populus euphratica in the riparian zone. The results show that from 1971 to 2021, the groundwater flow in the Kongque River Basin has undergone drastic variation due to excessive groundwater exploitation, and the groundwater levels have shown a general downward trend. The total area where the groundwater levels have decreased by more than 40 m is 204.69 km2, as well as 1735.81 and 1018.56 km2 for 20−40 and 5−20 m, and eventually led to the formation of a regional drawdown funnel, which have seriously affected the water consumption of Populus euphratica in the middle and lower reaches. From 1971 to 2016, the regional groundwater level depth in the riparian zone of the Kongque River Basin decreased by more than 10 m, with a degradation and shrinkage of Populus euphratica. After the implementation of the ecological water transport project since 2016, the groundwater level depth has gradually increased by 2−4 m, and reached the critical groundwater level of Populus euphratica. From 2014 to 2018, the regional NDVI increased by 17%, which indicates that the coverage rate of natural vegetation has improved. This study can improve the understanding of evolution patterns in groundwater and ecological environment in arid inland river basins of the northwestern China, and provide scientific references for sustainable development and utilization of groundwater and ecological protection in similar regions.

The test material in this experiment was the wine grape variety 'Petit Verdot' (Vitis vinifera L.cv. Petit Verdot). Sucrose, glucose, fructose, and rhamnose were selected for sugars, with mass fractions of 2%, 5% and 8%, respectively. The grape was sprayed with exogenous sugars and cultured in vitro for 12 days in a plant growth incubator. The rate of fruit color change was monitored and analyzed, and the primary quality indicators such as titratable acids, reducing sugars, anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics were examined extensively using principal component analysis. According to the results, under in vitro culture conditions, fructose, sucrose and rhamnose improved grape fruit quality significantly, while glucose had no obvious effect on grape fruit quality. In terms of improving the comprehensive quality of fruit, the best treatment effect was fructose, with 8% Fru ranking the first, 5%Fru ranking the second and 2% Fru ranking the ninth. The optimum concentration of 2% Suc ranked third overall, 8% Suc ranked fifth overall, and 5% Suc ranked eighth. Rhamnose optimal concentration of 5%, ranked in the fourth, 2% Rha ranked sixth, 8% Rha ranking behind in the control group, as the 12th. Glucose function was not obvious to improve the quality of the grapes, 2% Glu ranking in the seventh, higher than that of control group two, while both 5% and 8% Glu ranked lower than the control, at 13 and 11, respectively. According to the scores of principal component 1 and principal component 2, fructose significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins and phenols (principal component 1), in which 5% Fru scored the highest, 8% Fru the second and 2% Fru the third. Sucrose significantly increased the content of soluble solids, reducing sugars and titratable acids (principal component 2), with 2% Suc scoring highest, 5% Suc second, and 8% Suc sixth. To sum up, different kinds of sugar into the skin cells may have different metabolic pathways and metabolites, the mechanisms of metabolism of different types of sugars in grape skin cells need to be further explored.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and related diagnosis and treatment regimens. Methods Related clinical data were collected from a child with ALL and recurrent HSE who were admitted to our hospital, and a literature review was performed. Results A boy, aged 9 years, developed the manifestations of pyrexia, abnormal olfactory function, disturbance of consciousness and cognitive impairment, memory loss, and personality changes during remission induction therapy for ALL (intermediate-risk). Routine cerebrospinal fluid examination showed mild leukocytosis (mainly mononuclear cells); biochemical examination of cerebrospinal fluid showed a mild increase in protein; cranial MR showed patchy long T1 and long T2 signal shadows in the bilateral temporal insula and the right posterior frontal lobe; high-throughput sequencing of pathogenic microorganism in cerebrospinal fluid showed positive herpes simplex virus type 1. The symptoms gradually disappeared after antiviral therapy with acyclovir, anti-inflammatory therapy with methylprednisolone, and immune supportive therapy with gamma-globulin, with normal results of routine cerebrospinal fluid examination and biochemical examination. At 5 months after the cessation of antiviral therapy, the child had the recurrence of HSE during induction chemotherapy, and his clinical symptoms were improved after acyclovir treatment. Conclusion ALL comorbid with HSE is rare in children, and high-intensity chemotherapy may induce HSE. Due to a lack of typical clinical manifestations, early identification and treatment may help to improve prognosis.

The photo-self-Fenton collaborative system, which combines Fenton reaction with photocatalytic system, exhibits excellent oxidation ability over pollutants without external addition of hydrogen peroxide. Herein, the PDI-C/Fe3+ photo-self-Fenton system, combining carboxylic acid side chain modified perylene diimide supramolecule (PDI-C) and Fe3+, is used to obtain an extremely efficient and durable degradation efficiency of Phenol (a model pollutant in phenolic wastewater). The research systematically investigates the catalytic reaction mechanism by examining the changes in the form and content of iron species, the production mechanism and content changes of hydrogen peroxide and the content changes of various active species. The interaction between Fe3+ and the carboxylic acid side chain of PDI-C promotes photo-generated electron capture by Fe3+ and the resultant conversion to Fe2+, accordingly facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers. On the other hand, the hydrogen peroxide generated in-situ during the photocatalytic process pairs with the effective circulation of iron ions to form a photo-self-Fenton system, which synergically promotes the efficient and durable phenol degradation. It is also found that as the reaction prolonged, α-FeOOH formed on the surface of PDI-C not only results in iron loss, but also leads to the obscuration of light-absorbing sites, thus becoming a non-negligible factor for the decrease of catalytic activity. Notably, acid addition can not only inhibit the generation of α-FeOOH, but also aid the leaching of formed α-FeOOH, enabling an efficient iron ion circulation and the photo-self-Fenton system's efficient operation. The work also identifies two pathways of hydrogen peroxide production and reveals a competitive relationship between ·OH and ·O2– in the presence of Fe3+. These findings highlight the high efficiency and durability of the PDI-C/Fe3+ photo-self-Fenton system in degrading phenol pollutants under visible light irradiation, while showcasing its potential for practical applications due to its cost-effectiveness and simplicity.

Chitosan hydrogel (CS–Ma–Gel) was constructed by ionic crosslinking of maleic acid. Taking Amoxicillin (Am) as the model drug, the drug loaded hydrogel (Am/CS-Ma-Gel) was prepared. The structure and morphology of the hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM and so on. The swelling property and drug sustained release behavior for the hydrogels were investigated in different pH media. The experiment results indicated that Am was uniformly dispersed in CS–Ma–Gel hydrogel network without phase separation. Both the swelling property and Am sustained release behavior for the hydrogels exhibited pH responsiveness. In pH 2.00, 4.00, 6.86 and 9.18 media, the swelling rates of CS-Ma-Gel were 800%, 2200%, 760% and 1300%, respectively. Cumulative drug release rates of Am/CS-Ma-Gel were 24.6%, 70.4%, 35.7% and 50.4% for 42 h, respectively. The swelling rate and drug cumulative release rate in acidic and alkaline media were higher than those in neutral media, and the drug release capacity was positively correlated with the swelling property. The preparation method of Am/CS–Ma–Gel is simple and green. Am/CS–Ma–Gel shows the characteristics of amphoteric ionic pH-responsive hydrogel. The research lays a theory and experiment foundation for the development of chitosan sustained release materials.

108新課綱強調「透過探究與實作達到課程統整的目的」，因此，師資職前教育課程基準要求師資生具備「協同發展跨領域課程教學與評量」及「探究與實作設計與實施」的專業素養。簡言之，即師資生須具備發展「跨學科探究與實作」的「課程教學與評量」之素養。然如何培養師資生這些素養以及成效如何，尚缺實徵研究。近年芬蘭推動「現象為本的學習」或可培養這些素養，研究者據以開發一門「雙實作」的「教育實踐課程」，第一個實作是師資生在大學端親身經歷探究實作的過程，接著進入第二個實作：設計一門「探究入門」微課程，到高中端教學實踐5週。本研究旨在探討教育實踐課程對提升師資生跨學科探究能力，以及跨學科課程教學與評量素養的影響為何？分析量化及質性資料發現：一、使師資生從現象中找 出有興趣的問題，親身經歷探究過程，有助於提升其跨學科探究能力；二、師資生從現象切入設計「探究入門」微課程時，已跳脫學科界線，可提升其發展跨學科課程教學與評量的素養；且中學生在探究能力的提問、修正問題與假設上，有明顯進步。根據研究結果，本研究提出教育實踐課程的可行模式，以培養師資生面對108新課綱所需的能力與素養。 1. Introduction In 2019, the Ministry of Education of Taiwan introduced new guidelines for the 12-year basic education. The 2019 curriculum guidelines emphasize the importance of inquiry and practice and transdisciplinarity. Student teachers are expected to develop collaborative skills across disciplines; integrate curriculum, instruction, and assessment; and acquire the ability to design and implement inquiry-based courses. However, few empirical studies have examined how teacher education programs have adapted to the new curriculum guidelines or whether adaptation to the guidelines has been effective. In Finland, phenomenon-based learning has emerged as a promising approach, which aligns with the objectives of the 2019 guidelines. This study incorporated phenomenon-based learning into the design and implementation of a dual-practice approach to a teaching practice course. The first part of the course involved an inquiry project to prepare student teachers for the second part of the course, which involved designing and implementing a 5-week microcourse called Inquiry 101 for high school students. The present study examined whether this teaching practice course enhanced student teachers’ transdisciplinary inquiry skills and their ability to integrate curriculum, instruction, and assessment. 2. Literature Review Inquiry-based learning has been promoted across disciplines (Chang et al., 2011; Selby, 2006; VanSledright, 2010; Wineburg, 2001). However, previous studies have shown that in-service teachers might not be adequately prepared for this new pedagogical approach and have highlighted the importance of integrating the new approach into teacher education (Khalaf & Zin, 2018; Levy et al., 2013). Teachers in Taiwan often face greater challenges than those in other countries; they are expected to teach and implement inquiry in a transdisciplinary setting according to the 2019 guidelines. As a curriculum reform, Finland recently introduced phenomenon-based learning, which aims to enhance students’ motivation through their exploration of real-life phenomena rather than by focusing their attention on subject-specific knowledge (Halinen et al., 2015; Lonka et al., 2018). This approach stimulates students’ curiosity and intrinsic motivation and enhances their problem-solving skills. Additionally, it promotes transdisciplinary integration and increases the usefulness of knowledge acquired in class. Integrating phenomenon-based learning into inquiry, which is called the interrogative model, has been developed; it involves the processes of scientific inquiry and knowledge acquisition as “a question and answer process” (Hakkarainen & Sintonen, 2002). Students are guided to differentiate between explanation-seeking and fact-seeking questions. Explanation-seeking questions, such as why and how questions, constitute the core of inquiry-based learning; fact-seeking questions, which primarily consist of who, where, when, which, and what questions, provide the foundation for higher-level explanation-seeking inquiry. In general, inquiry-based learning involves four major phases: (1) identifying a question of interest, (2) formulating a hypothesis, (3) verifying the hypothesis, and (4) drawing a conclusion. These inquiry processes are not linear in practice; they are usually iterative and require revisions. Therefore, support or scaffolding is required to guide students through the inquiry processes, so that they can effectively learn and conduct knowledge construction (Hakkarainen, 1998, 2003; Hakkarainen & Sintonen, 2002; Rahikainen et al., 2001). 3. Methods The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a dual-practice approach in a teacher education course, which focused on developing preservice teachers’ ability to design and implement transdisciplinary inquiry. This approach was guided by the belief that preservice teachers will teach as they learn (Moilanen, 2015). In the first part of the course, preservice teachers were required to work collaboratively on an inquiry project for 4 weeks. They selected a phenomenon of interest from real life, formulated and verified hypotheses, drew conclusions, and completed a 3000-word report. The purpose of this practice was to familiarize the preservice teachers with phenomenon-based inquiry. In the second part of the course, they designed and implemented a 5-week microcourse called Inquiry 101 for high school students. This study recruited 14 preservice teachers participating in a teaching practice course at a research-intensive university in Taiwan. The Inquiry 101 course was offered in partnership with a local high school. Four classes, with a total of 94 tenth-grade students, were enrolled. Each class had 22-24 students and was taught by a group of three or four preservice teachers. After the completion of the course, feedback sessions were conducted with the principal and mentors from the participating high school along with the preservice teachers. The feedback enabled the preservice teachers to reflect on their teaching and learning processes. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. 4. Results The study examined whether a dual-practice approach was effective for improving preservice teachers’ transdisciplinary inquiry skills and their ability to integrate curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Analysis of the inquiry reports revealed that although the preservice teachers were able to propose meaningful and clear research questions, they struggled with formulating and verifying hypotheses. Further analysis of the pre- and post tests revealed that the first part of the course consolidated the preservice teachers’ understanding of inquiry processes; it also enhanced their awareness of formulating hypotheses and using hypotheses to guide reference search. Analysis of reflection journals indicated that the phenomenon-based microcourse enhanced the ability of the preservice teachers to integrate curriculum, instruction, and assessment in a transdisciplinary manner. These findings were supported by the analysis results of lesson plans, video recordings of the classes, and self-evaluations by the preservice teachers. Self-evaluations by both the preservice teachers and students demonstrated that the course improve their ability to differentiate between basic and higher-level questions and to identify questions worth inquiry. 5. Concluding Remarks The teaching practice course examined in this study is expected to serve as a capstone course that helps preservice teachers integrate their learning and inquiry experiences in teacher education. The present study found that the experiences of preservice teachers varied greatly. The findings suggest that a dual-practice approach may be a practical way of preparing preservice teachers for the 2019 curriculum guidelines, which emphasize inquiry and practice to achieve curriculum integration. The participation of preservice teachers in inquiry projects would familiarize them with phenomenon-based inquiry and equip them with the skills needed to design and implement inquiry-based courses. Additionally, microcourses may enhance their ability to integrate curriculum,instruction, and assessment in a transdisciplinary setting.

Background The incidence, mortality and disability rates of ischemic stroke are high, and the reperfusion injury after thrombolytic therapy has a great impact on patients. Acupuncture is a characteristic therapy for the treatment of the disease, but the action mechanism remains unclear. Objective To observe the effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on miR-124-3p/glycogen synthase kinase β (GSK-3β) /cyclin D (Cyp-D) signaling pathway and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) rats, and explore its possible mechanism of prevention and control of CIRI. Methods From June to August 2022, a total of 100 clean SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, EA group, agonist group and EA + inhibitor group, with 20 rats in each group. For 7 d of intervention before modeling, in the EA group and EA + inhibitor group, "Baihui" (GV 20) , "Fengfu" (GV 16) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) were selected to perform electroacupuncture 1 time a day for 7 days. For 24 h before modeling, miR-124 agonist and inhibitor (5 nmol) were injected into the lateral ventricles in the EA + agonist group and inhibitor group. Except for the sham operation group, the right cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model of rats was prepared by the modified suture method in the rest groups. The right cerebral cortex of rats was taken, the degree of neurological impairment in each group was observed using mNSS scale and TTC staining, the nerve cell injury was observed by TUNEL staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, Cyp-D, Cyt-C and Caspase-3 in cerebral cortex of each group were detected by immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR. The degree of MPTP openness was detected by flow cytometry, the higher rate of MPTP-positive cells indicated greater degress of MPTP openness. Results Except for the sham operation group, all rest groups of rats were successfully modeled. Compared with the sham operation group, mNSS score and infarct volume of brain tissue were increased, mitochondrial structure was seriously damaged, cell apoptosis index was increased, p-GSK-3β positive expression was reduced, Cyp-D positive expression was enhanced, miR-124-3p, Cyp-D, Cyt-C and Caspase-3 mRNA expressions were increased, p-GSK-3β/ GSK-3β ratio was decreased, relative Cyp-D, Cyt-C, and Caspase-3 protein expressions were increased, and MPTP openness degree was increased in the model group (P

In order to study the spectrum-effect relationship between fingerprint and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, the fingerprints of 18 batches of V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves were established by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), and the cluster analysis of medicinal materials from different sources was performed simultaneously. The main phenolic compounds from V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves were identified and determined. The contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids in V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves were analyzed, and the antioxidant activities in vitro were evaluated by the methods of DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric ion reducing ability power. The spectrum-effect relationships of V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis, gray relational analysis and partial least square regression analysis. The results were as follows: (1) The fingerprints of V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves were established with 21 common peaks and a total of 10 peaks were identified. The order of content was chlorogenic acid > isoorientin > luteoloside > isovitexin > isochlorogenic acid A > isochlorogenic acid C > protocatechuic acid > orientin > isochlorogenic acid B > neochlorogenic acid. The similarity among the samples from different producing areas was high, and the values were ranged from 0.816 to 0.983. (2) The results of the cluster analysis showed that the content of the compounds had a certain influence on the classification and the samples from different sources were divided into three categories, among which the samples from the south and the north were different. (3) The contents of total phenolics and total flavonoids in V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves were 15.82 to 61.83 mg·g-1 and 27.85 to 157.65 mg·g-1, respectively, and the antioxidant activity of all samples from V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves existed differences. (4) The spectrum-effect relationship indicated that the antioxidant activity of V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves was the result of the synergistic effect of many compounds, and compounds such as peak 9 (isoorientin), peak 4 and peak 5 (chlorogenic acid) made the greatest contribution to the antioxidant activity of V. negundo var. cannabifolia leaves. V. negundo var. cannabifolia has good antioxidant activity, and the main activity indexes are isoorientin and chlorogenic acid. This study can provide a reference basis for the screening and quality control of antioxidant components in V. negundo var. cannabifolia.

In this paper, the extraction process of burdock root polysaccharide was optimized using dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) combined with water extraction, and its infrared spectral structure and monosaccharide composition were analyzed to evaluate its scavenging activities against DPPH·, ·OH and ABTS＋· radicals. The results showed that the factors affecting the yield of burdock root polysaccharide were DHPM pressure>extraction temperature>liquid to solid ratio>extraction time> number of treatments in descending order. The optimal extraction conditions were determined by response surface methodology: DHPM pressure of 148.0 MPa, liquid-solid ratio of 25:1 mL/g, two times of treatment, extraction temperature of 63 ℃ and extraction time of 1 h. Under these conditions, the predicted yield of burdock root polysaccharide reached 29.6%, and the relative error between the actual yield of 29.7% and predicted values was only 0.3%. The polysaccharides were mainly composed of fructose, glucose, arabinose, galactose and glucosamine hydrochloride, with molar ratios of 0.844:0.122:0.024:0.008:0.002. The polysaccharides of burdock root had different effects on DPPH·, ABTS+· and ·OH radicals. The IC50 values were 0.30, 0.36 and 3.93 mg/mL, respectively. The study would provide a reference for the green and efficient extraction of burdock root polysaccharide.

In the presence of blueberry anthocyanins (ACNs), chitosan hydrogel crosslinking with salicylaldehyde (ACNs/CS-SA) was constructed. The structure and morphology of ACNs/CS-SA were characterized. The stability, swelling properties and ACNs controlled-release behaviors for the ACNs/CS-SA were investigated in the media of different pH. ACNs were uniformly dispersed in three-dimensional network structure of CS-SA hydrogel by physical embedding, which was confirmed by FT-IR and XRD characterization. The thermal stability of ACNs was significantly improved due to gelation, which was confirmed by TG-DTG characterization. Both the swelling properties and ACNs controlled-release behaviors for the ACNs/CS-SA exhibited pH response. In buffer media of pH2.7, 4.6 and 6.7, the cumulative release rates of ACNs for 24 h were 74.28%±4.58%, 40.72%±4.04% and 15.70%±1.71%, and the release process followed Weibull equation with the correlation coefficients R2 0.99405, 0.95165 and 0.99712, respectively. This study lays a theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of novel drug encapsulation materials and the application of ACNs owing to the ACNs/CS-SA pH responsiveness and ACNs thermal stability improvement.

Background The diagnostic gold standard for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is based on bone marrow morphology, progenitor cell count and cytogenetics. But the dysplasia is not specific for MDS. In the context of poor quality of bone marrow smear, very mildmorbid hematopoiesis, insignificant increase in blasts, especially a normal karyotype, the diagnosis of MDS is often challenging. Multiparameter flow cytometry has become a key tool for the diagnosis of MDS. Some studies have shown that integrated flow cytometric score (iFS) is the best scoring system for MDS diagnosis, but its use has not been reported in Chinese population. Objective To assess diagnostic and prognostic values of iFS in MDS to demine whether it is an appropriate flow cytometry scoring system for clinical diagnosis and prognosise valuation of MDS. Methods The immunophenotype data of 83 patients with MDS and 77 patients with non-MDS treated in Department of Hematology, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2019 and April 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Low-grade MDS was defined as less than 5% blasts in bone marrow, including MDS with single lineage dysplasia, MDS with multilineage dysplasia, MDS with ring sideroblasts, MDS, unclassifiable, and MDS with isolated del (5q). The results of chromosome karyotype and bone marrow morphology of MDS patients were collected. The probability of phenotypeabnormalities in each cell lineinterpreted according to the iFS was compared between MDS and non-MDS patients. ROC analysis was conducted to assess the performance of iFS and Ogata score in diagnosing MDS, with sensitivity, specificity and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) calculated. In the MDS group, the Spearman's rank correlation was adopted to analyze the correlation of iFS grade with cytogenetic risk category and Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). The event-free survival curve was plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between MDS patients diagnosed by the iFS and the other MDS patients by Log-rank test. Results MDS group had higher prevalence of phenotype abnormalities of myeloid progenitors (71.1% vs 1.3%), granulocytes/monocytes (73.5% vs 18.8%) and erythrocytes (60.2% vs 14.2%) than non-MDS group (P

Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a member of the family Sebastidae—an ovoviviparous marine fish widely distributed in the coastal waters of China. This species has important commercial value and is also a delicious table fish. It often inhabits areas at the bottom of the sediment in rocky reefs with clear water quality. The species does not exhibit a long-distance migration habit or remarkable clustering. In recent years, sea ranching has developed rapidly in China. Black rockfish is a good candidate to promote sea ranching, because it does not exhibit a long migratory habit and is called a housekeeping fish. In recent decades, owing to the overfishing of wild resources and deterioration of the environment, the natural pools of black rockfish have decreased sharply. Thus, the national black rockfish release and breeding plan was implemented in 2006. Currently, millions of young black rockfish are released into the sea every year in China, which has played a positive role in promoting the conservation and restoration of natural resources. However, the release activity of marine organisms is random and under lax supervision. In recent years, various tagging technologies, including external markers, such as T-bar markers, and internal markers, such as otolith markers, have been developed to support the evaluation of the enhancement effect of released species. At present, otolith fluorescent labeling is the only reported marker technology that can be used for the proliferation and release of black rockfish. However, otolith staining has some problems, such as difficulty in detection and rapid fading, and it is not effective as an internal marker. Currently, there has been no efficient internal marker for black rockfish juveniles; thus, an effective marking technology must be established for evaluating the enhancement effect of black rockfish to support scientific release and natural resource maintenance. The coded wire tag (CWT) is a magnetized stainless-steel wire segment with a diameter of 0.25 mm. Several rows of numbers are engraved on the marking line to represent a specified batch or a single code. CWTs are widely used internal tags with many advantages, including small size, easy management, accuracy, and high retention. CWTs have been effectively used in over 30 fish genera worldwide because of their high retention rates and minimal biological impact on living fish, although serious effects on growth and survival have been reported among different species and tag placements. In the present study, we investigated the marking effects of CWTs on released juveniles of black rockfish. According to different sizes and marking placements, the experimental juveniles of black rockfish were divided into four groups: small fish [average total length = (8.25±0.84) cm, average body weight = (9.99±2.75) g ] with gill levator arcus palatine muscle tagging group (SLM group); small fish with dorsal muscle tagging group (SDM group), large fish [average total length = (11.13±0.67) cm, average body weight = (20.95±2.99) g ] with gill levator arcus palatine muscle tagging group (SDM group); and large fish with dorsal muscle tagging group (LDM group). The survival rate, tag retention, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of genes related to growth or stress were measured to evaluate the effects of CWTs on black rockfish juveniles. The survival rate was 100% in all study groups. The tag retention rates in the SLM and LLM groups were 87% and 97%, respectively. The tag retention rate in the SDM and LDM was 100%. The specific growth rate of all tagged fish was lower than that of the control fish. After 30 days of culture post-tagging, the liver catalase enzyme activity in the SLM and LDM groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the liver superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. The liver IGF-I mRNA levels were significantly higher in the SLM, LLM, and LDM groups than in the control group. There were no significant differences in HSP70 mRNA levels between the small fish groups, while in the large fish groups, HSP70 mRNA level in the LDM group was lower than that in the LLM and control groups. Therefore, CWT is suitable for marking black rockfish juveniles based on survival and tag retention data; however, the specific growth rate of tagged fish was lower than that of the control fish, and the antioxidant enzyme activities and expression of genes related to growth and stress showed significantly different expression responses to CWT marking, indicating that tagging caused physiological stress in released black rockfish juveniles. Therefore, indoor temporary breeding or wild domestication time should be relatively long for the seedlings marked with CWTs, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of the marked released seedlings and their growth after release. Overall, CWTs may be useful to evaluate the enhancement effects of released species and support accurate assessments of the proliferation and release effect of black rockfish.

ObjectivesThe addition of thermoplastic phase materials between the layers of traditional marine composite laminates can effectively improve the impact resistance properties of marine composites. This study carries out experiments to explore the impact damage characteristics of such materials. MethodsThe thermoplastic/thermoset interface of laminates is observed with an optical microscope, and the bonding mode of the two-phase materials is analyzed. Composite laminates with different structures are impacted at low velocity with three different energies. The damage morphology of each specimen is observed via ultrasonic C-scan and electron microscopy to obtain the impact response and damage mechanism of each specimen. ResultsThe results show that marine composite laminates embedded with PEI film have better damage resistance than carbon fiber laminates. Under 8 J and 12 J of impact energy , the delamination damage is reduced by 19% and 39% respectively, and they showed better integrity after 12 J impact. ConclusionsEmbedding PEI thermoplastic film inside laminates can improve their toughness and significantly reduce internal delamination damage. Compared with carbon fiber laminates and double-sided coated laminates, PEI thermoplastic film can significantly improve the impact resistance of internal film embedded laminates.

ObjectiveIn order to improve the explosion and impact resistance of the protective structures of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), air bottles, etc., the structural response and failure modes of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) cylindrical shells under underwater explosion and high hydrostatic pressure are investigated. MethodA computational model of CFRP cylindrical shell implosion under the combined action of hydrostatic pressure and impact load is established using ABAQUS software and the coupled Euler-Lagrange (CEL) method. The effectiveness of the numerical simulation method is then verified by comparison with the experimental results. On this basis, the failure modes and parametric effects of CFRP cylindrical shell implosion are obtained. ResultsThe underwater implosion of composite cylindrical shells can be divided into three stages: buckling, wall contact and failure propagation. Reducing the length-to-diameter ratio of the CFRP cylindrical shell can improve the impact resistance ability and affect the failure mode of the structure. With the increase in the number of fiber layers, the static water bearing capacity and impact resistance ability of the shell structure increase. With the increase in the impact block velocity, the wall boundary contact and failure propagation of the cylindrical shell become more obvious, matrix fractures occur more frequently and the cracks show an obviously increasing trend in the lengthwise direction of the cylindrical shell. ConclusionThe results of this study can provide data guidance for the structural design of underwater vehicles and promote the application of composite materials in the field.

In order to study the application of high drainage roadway in goaf gas extraction and gas control in upper corner, and explore the influence of high drainage roadway extraction position on gas distribution law in goaf. Taking 15302 fully mechanized top coal caving face of Liyang Coal Mine as the research object, the gas distribution was simulated by using Fluent numerical simulation software when the goaf without extracted and when the roadway was extracted at different extraction positions. By compared the data of gas extraction concentration and gas concentration in the upper corner, analyzed the gas extraction effect of high-drainage roadway at different extraction positions. Combining the simulation results with the actual field, designed a suitable high-drainage roadway extraction scheme, and used the field measured data to verify. The results showed that the gas extraction concentration in high drainage roadway increased with the increase of the vertical height between the extraction location and the roof, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of the horizontal distance from the return air roadway. The gas concentration in the upper corner decreased first and then increased with the increase of vertical distance and horizontal distance; The theoretical optimal extraction position was the vertical distance of 30 m, the horizontal distance of 32 m, and the gas concentration at the corners of the working face was within 0.19%. The designed extraction position was 40 m vertical and 35 m horizontal, and the gas concentration at the corners of the working face was maintained at 0.63%~0.65%. Reasonable high drainage roadway extraction position can not only effectively solve the problem of gas over-limit at the corner of the working face, but also help to improve the gas extraction efficiency in the goaf.

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of Drosophila protein Ash2 analogue(ASH2L)in gastric carcinoma cell lines infected with Helicobacter pylori(Hp). Methods The expression of ASH2L in various tumors, the relationship between ASH2L and pathological characteristics of stomach adenocarcinoma and the prognosis of the patients were analyzed by TIMER2.0, UALCAN and other software. Human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES, gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC-7901 and AGS were infected with Hp and the expression of ASH2L before and after Hp infection was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results The analysis showed that ASH2L was differentially expressed in 15 kinds of tumors and was highly expressed in stomach adenocarcinoma. The overall survival (OS) and post-progression survival (PPS) of patients with high ASH2L expression were lower than those with low ASH2L expression(P＜0.05). There were some differences in the expression of ASH2L in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma in different age groups, different races and different pathological grades, but not related to gender. The expression of ASH2L was significantly up-regulated in three human gastric epithelial cell lines infected with Hp(P＜0.05). Conclusions ASH2L may play an important role in tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma caused by Hp infection, and its expression level is closely related to various pathological features and prognosis of the patients, and it is expected to be a molecular marker for prognosis.

Natural fractures play an important role for the exploration and development of low-permeability reservoirs in the Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin. Abundant hydrocarbon resources have been found in the Yanchang Formation of the Gufengzhuang area, showing good exploration prospects. However, only limited research results on fractures have been obtained, and the distribution law and active period are both unclear. Based on the analyses of core, imaging logging, carbon-oxygen isotope, homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion, acoustic emission, tectonic stress and fracture activity, the characteristics, formation stages and causes of natural fractures in the Chang 7 to Chang 9 members of the Yanchang Formation in the Gufengzhuang area were studied, and corresponding indications for petroleum accumulation were discussed. Natural fractures are well-developed in the Chang 7 to Chang 9 members of the Yanchang Formation, especially in the Chang 7 member. High-angle and vertical fractures are ubiquitously developed, mainly of NEE orientation, followed by NE, and finally NW and NWW. The fractures are generally unfilled or semi-filled by calcites, providing effective pathways for hydrocarbon migration. The fracture surface is flat, and obvious traces of oil migration such as oil invasion, oil stain and oil spot can be observed. The average values of oxygen isotopes of the Chang 7 to Chang 9 members are -15.8‰, -17.5‰ and -18.7‰, indicating that the factures were formed at depth of 1 675, 2 338 and 2 785 m. According to the homogenization temperature peaks of fluid inclusions of 90-100 ℃ and 120-130 ℃, the formation depth of fractures is 1 750-2 000 m and 2 500-2 750 m. The fractures in the Chang 7 to Chang 9 members were active during multiple stages, including the Indosinian, Yanshanian and Himalayan stages, with the Yanshanian and Himalayan as the main active stages. Effective fractures developed in multiple stages have improved the physical properties of low-permeability reservoirs in the study area. They provided important migration channels and storage spaces for the formation of multi-layer and deep-layer reservoirs such as Chang 7, Chang 8 and Chang 9, and affected the productivity of oil wells.

Objective To analyze the impact factors for unplanned discontinuation of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) within 24 h after thoracic surgery so as to prevent over-use of medical resources. Methods Clinical data of patients with thoracic surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the duration time from the start to the end of PCIA: group A(≤24 h) and group B(＞24 h). Univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression were used to compare the demographic characteristics, anesthesia/surgery type, PCIA regimen and adverse effect between the two groups. Results A total of 371 patients were included in this study. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of patients stopped PCIA in 24 hours was higher in female patients than that in male patients (16.8%/39.4%). The proportion of PCIA stop in 24 hours after thoracoscopic surgery was higher than that after thoracotomy (31.4%/19.7%). In PCIA, patients who used morphine were more likely to stop using postoperative PCIA within 24 hours than those who used oxycodone and sufentanil, and patients who used oxycodone were more likely to stop using PCIA within 24 hours than those who used sufentanil (60%/40.5%/25.3%). The proportion of patients who stopped using 5-HT3 receptor blocker in PCIA within 24 hours was lower than that of those who did not (14.9%/30.6%). Patients who were of sedation at the time of follow-up were less likely to stop using PCIA within 24 hours than those who did not have sedation (25.3%/41.8%). Patients who complained of postoperative nausea were more likely to stop using PCIA within 24 hours than those who did not(62.1%/17.3%).The proportion of patients with postoperative vomiting who stopped using PCIA within 24 hours was higher than those without postoperative vomiting (64%/22.1%). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that female, thoracoscopic surgery, intraoperative inhalation of nitrous oxide, postoperative nausea and postoperative vomiting were related with unplanned discontinuation of PCIA within 24 h after thoracic surgery. Conclusions For patients undergoing thoracic surgery,the application of postoperative PCIA should be comprehensively evaluated according to the patient's personal situation, surgery type, and the risk of postoperative nausea/vomiting.

【Objective】The purpose of this study is to understand the distribution, properties and expression patterns of members of the BCAT (Branched-chain Aminotransferase) gene family, so as to lay a foundation for further research on the function of Capsicum chinense Jacq BCAT genes. C. chinense is one of the five main cultivars of pepper. Its fruit usually has a strong fruity aroma formed by branched chain esters. BCAT is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of corresponding 2-oxo acids from branched-chain amino acids, and is the first reaction enzyme to catalyze the synthesis of branched-chain esters.【Method】The BCAT gene family members of C. chinense were identified, expressed and cloned using bioinformatics analysis and real-time quantitative PCR.【Result】Five members of the BCAT gene family were obtained and named as CcBCAT1~CcBCAT5, and then bioinformatics analysis and CcBCAT1-CcBCAT4 cloning were performed on them. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these genes were distributed on the four chromosomes of pepper, and the proteins were all hydrophilic proteins with amino acid lengths ranging from 184 aa to 557 aa, molecular weights ranging from 20.29 ku to 89.60 ku, and isoelectric points ranging from 5.57~8.34. Subcellular localization prediction results showed that CcBCAT1 was located in chloroplast and mitochondria, and other gene family members were located in chloroplast. The spatiotemporal expression analysis of CcBCATs genes showed that CcBCAT1-4 genes had tissue expression specificity. The regular expression of CcBCAT4 gradually increased with the maturity of pepper, and the accumulation trend of branched-chain amino acid derivatives related to pepper fruit was similar. CcBCAT5 was not detected.【Conclusion】In conclusion, this study clarified the expression pattern of the BCAT gene family in Chinese pepper, speculated that CcBCAT4 was involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites related to pepper fruit.

As a new severe plastic deformation processing technology, friction stir processing (FSP) has a very broad application prospect in microstructure modification of materials, preparation of fine - grained superplastic materials and improvement of comprehensive properties of materials. Compared with the specimens processed by normal friction stir processing (NFSPed), the grain sizes of the specimens treated by submerged fiction stir processing (SFSPed) were smaller, the microstructure was compact and uniform, and the microhardness, tensile rate and wear resistance were all greatly improved. Moreover, the specimens treated with double - pass submerged friction stir processing had smaller grain sizes, more compact and uniform microstructures and higher tensile rates than that treated with single - pass submerged friction stir processing. In this paper, the technical characteristics of submerged fiction stir processing were reviewed and the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium based alloys after FSP under different processing conditions were compared. At the same time, the research progress and deformation mechanism of superplasticity of magnesium alloys processed by submerged fiction stir processing were introduced, and furthermore, its industrial application was prospected.

The human health damage and social stability caused by public health emergencies have attracted worldwide attention. But there is a lack of research on capacity evaluation of China's community emergency preparedness and response for public health emergencies. We summarized the latest advances in theoretical frameworks and capacity evaluation of community emergency preparedness and response for public health emergencies based on a systematic review and textual analysis of relevant studies, and proposed that future research should pay attention to the building of the capacity of community emergency preparedness and response for public health emergencies and the development of corresponding assessment tools applicable to communities in China. This study will contribute to the assessment, normalization and improvement of the capacity of community emergency preparedness and response for public health emergencies.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been identified as a biomarker of axonal injury in a variety of central nervous system diseases. The value of NfL as a biomarker in peripheral neuropathy has gained increasing attention. We reviewed the relationships of serum NfL with and the dynamics of axonal injury in various immune-mediated peripheral neuropathies (such as Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy), hereditary peripheral neuropathy, drug-induced peripheral neuropathies and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and drew a conclusion after a comprehensive analysis: the quantified NfL may be used as a promising biomarker to monitor disease activity, assess short- and long-term prognosis, and also as a potential biomarker for clinical trials and monitoring treatment response.

Hsian-tsao gum (HG) possessed of good biological activity and gel-promoting property could improve the textural properties of surimi gel. Ca2+ was commonly used in surimi products, however, effects of Ca2+ on the gel properties of HG-added surimi were not clear. The effects of Ca2+ on the sensory properties, gel properties (gel strength, texture properties, gel-forming forces and microstructure) and in vitro digestibility of HG-added surimi gel were therefore studied. The results showed that Ca2+ reduced the disulfide bonds, ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds, and increased the hydrophobic and non-disulfide covalent bonds, in which the disulfide bonds and non-disulfide covalent bonds determined the gel properties (gel strength, hardness and springiness) and microstructure, thus affecting the gel solubility and in vitro digestibility. Adding 3 mmol/kg Ca2+ could improve sensory properties (elasticity, hardness and tissue status), water holding capacity, gel strength and texture characteristics (hardness, springiness) of HG-added surimi gel, accompanied with the decrease in gel dissolution rate and in vitro digestibility. With the continuous increase of Ca2+ concentration, the structural porosity, gel dissolution rate and in vitro digestibility of HG-surimi gel were increased, but the gel strength, hardness, elasticity and water holding capacity were decreased. Based on PCA results, in vitro gel digestibility was positively correlated to microstructure porosity and gel solubility, but negatively correlated to gel strength, hardness, springiness, water holding capacity and gel forming force (disulfide bonds, ion bonds, hydrogen bonds). Therefore, the HG-added surimi gel with different sensory and structural properties could be designed by adding different concentrations of Ca2+, which provided a theoretical reference for the diversified development of HG-surimi gel products.

Milk exosomes are a newly discovered functional vesicles secreted by animal mammary epithelial cells, small vesicles with membrane structure in the diameter of about 30~200 nm, which contain many bioactive substances such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids on the surface and inside the membrane. Recent studies have found exosomes with biological functions such as mediating cell communication, promoting cell proliferation, and participating in immune responses. Exosomes can be isolated from the emulsion by centrifugation, chemical, immunoaffinity and identified their morphology, size, specific substances. This article reviews the biological function, three omics studies, separation and identification methods, and aims to provide scientific reference for the research and development of milk source exosomes.

【Objective】The study was carried out to understand the Phytophthora disease resistance and genetic diversity of pepper germplasm materials, and to provide references for the establishment of core pepper germplasm bank and improvement of pepper Phytophthora disease resistance breeding.【Method】The Phytophthora disease resistance of 96 pepper germplasm materials was evaluated by using modified root irrigation inoculation method and the genetic diversity of them with 20 SSR molecular markers selected from the whole genome were analyzed.【Result】The results show that there was only 1 immune material, 6 highly resistant, 24 resistant, 53 susceptible and 12 highly susceptible materials among the 96 materials, which were basically consistent with the field performance. The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that a total of 79 alleles were detected among 20 SSR markers, with 2-9 alleles per marker and an average of 3.95 alleles. Shannon's index ranged from 0.2992 to 1.9893, with an average of 0.9513, indicating that the genetic polymorphism of the 20 SSR molecular markers selected was high. Nei's genetic diversity index ranged from 0.1614 to 0.8440, with an average of 0.5259, indicating high genetic diversity among materials. Cluster analysis results showed that the tested materials could be divided into three groups at the genetic distance of 0.37, including 3, 14 and 79 materials, respectively. Additionally, the genetic distance among 8 groups of materials was close to 0.【Conclusion】The improved root irrigation inoculation method is suitable for the identification of pepper Phytophthora disease, and the results are basically consistent with those of the field performance. Moreover, it is more convenient. The genetic polymorphisms of the 20 SSR molecular markers selected are high and suitable for genetic diversity analysis of pepper germplasms. The 96 pepper germplasm materials are rich in resources, but there are homogeneous materials, and some materials should be discarded properly during germplasm preservation.

The structure, electrical structure, and heat transmission of diamond/copper, diamond/silver, and diamond/titanium carbide surfaces have been investigated using first-principles calculations. The results show that the diamond/titanium carbide interfacial structure is the most stable, with the shortest interfacial distance (1.990 Å), the greatest interfacial adhesion effort (5.578 J/m2), and the best bond strength. The results of the electronic density of states, mulliken population analysis ,charge density difference, and radial distribution function indicate the presence of more charge transfer and stronger bonding in diamond/titanium carbide. According to the results of the phonon density calculation, the interfacial thermal resistance of diamond/titanium carbide is low.

Metformin is a drug which has been widely used in clinical practice. Multiple clinical trials have suggested that long-term use of metformin could result in serum vitamin B12 reduction even deficiency, while vitamin B12 deficiency might lead to peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic anemia and aggravation of preexisting cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients. Vitamin B12 deficiency-induced neuropathy is easily misdiagnosed as diabetic neuropathy. However, the incidence of vitamin B12 reduction induced by metformin intervention varies among different studies, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this paper, research progress on vitamin B12 reduction caused by metformin was reviewed and the possible reasons of differences in the incidence rate were analyzed, aiming to identify, prevent and treat vitamin B12 reduction caused by metformin.

To explore the in vivo hypolipidemic effect of the compound composition of crataegus, ume, grape skin, wolfberry and mulberry. There were 50 SPF-grade healthy male SD rats, 10 rats were given maintenance feed as a blank control group, and 40 rats were given model feed as a model group. After the model group was given the model feed for 2 weeks, the 40 animals in the model group were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the TC level, namely high, medium and low dose groups (1.5, 0.5, 0.25g/kg·BW) and the model control group. After grouping, the three dose groups were given the test sample orally at 10mL/kg·BW every day, and the blank control group and the model control group were given the same volume of distilled water at the same time. After continuous intragastric administration for 30 days, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. The liver coefficient, hepatic lipase (HL), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity levels were measured, and the degree of hepatic steatosis was observed by HE staining. The results showed that compared with the model control group, the levels of serum TC, TG and LDL-C in the high-dose and middle-dose groups significantly decreased (P

Objective To evaluate the impact of scenario simulation teaching on the training of pediatric internship for eight-year program medical students. Methods Sixty medical students were enrolled in the study. The month spend in pediatric department was divided into traditional teaching for two weeks and scenario simulation teaching for another two weeks. Electronic questionnaires and anonymous surveys were applied to all medical students, and then learning effects were compared. Results The response from 64.71% of students showed great interests on the scenario simulation method which improved the enthusiasm for learning. The results also showed that 58.82% of students acknowledged the great support to their training. Also,74.51% of students agreed that scenario simulation teaching promoted their clinical practice. However, the implementation of scenario simulation teaching often required students to spend more time. Conclusions Scenario simulation teaching can be used as an important assistant teaching mode in the process of pediatric internship training and it should be adopted in combination with the in spot training.

In order to provide a basis for the design and application of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites and aiming at the galvanic corrosion between carbon fiber composite materials and metals, the influences of CFRP type, metal material type, service environment and structural connection method on the above - mentioned galvanic corrosion were expounded based on the microstructure and performance characteristics of the carbon fiber and its composite materials. As the riveting, bolting and bonding between carbon fiber composite materials and metals could have different effects on the galvanic corrosion and there is little research on this aspect at present, this will be one of the important study contents in the future.

Objective To compare the sedative effect of different regimens of dexmedetomidine in day-case ophthalmic surgery. Methods Fifty patients, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ, who underwent elective ophthalmic surgery, were randomly divided into two groups with 25 in each: The dexmedetomidine(group A) and dexmedetomidine midazolam plus sufentanil (group B). In group A, the loading dose of dexmedetomidine was 0.7 μg/kg, followed by 0.5 μg/(kg·h) dexmedetomidine. In group B, the loading dose was midazolam 1.5 mg and sufentanil 5 μg, followed by 0.5 μg/(kg·h) dexmedetomidine. Intra-operative heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), bispectral index (BIS), oxygen saturation (SPO2) and Ramsay scores, Aldrete score, satisfaction score of patient and surgeon were recorded. Results At T2, T4-T6 time points, the Ramsay scores of group B were lower than that of group A (P＜0.05). The MAP was lower in group B than group A at T3-T7 time points; The HR was higher(P＜0.05) in group B than group A at T2 and T3 time points. Patient satisfaction was significant different between the two groups, the IOWA scores of group B was higher than that of group A(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in BIS, SPO2 and surgeon satisfaction. Conclusions The combination of dexmedetomidine midazolam plus sufentanyl appears to have more advantages in day-case ophthalmic surgery regarding hemodynamic stability, sedation effect and patient satisfaction.

Objective To establish a stable-expressing human cell cycle regulatory protein 50A (CDC50A) SKOV3 cell strain expressing vector containing CDC50A by molecular cloning. Methods CDC50A was introduced into the expression vector pLVX-IRES-GFP by molecular cloning method. The pLVX-CDC50A-GFP expression plasmid was packaged by lentivirus and stably transfected into SKOV3. SKOV3 cell strain with high-expressing CDC50A was established. The expression of Flag protein was analyzed by flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results The construction of pLVX-CDC50A-GFP expressing vector was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and endonuclease digestion. The efficiency of infection was observed qualitatively under fluorescence microscope and detected quantitatively by flow cytometry as 86.5%. Flag-tag protein was detected by Western blot to present only in the positive group. Conclusions The SKOV3 cell strain was established by infecting with lentivirus of pLVX-CDC50A-GFP, laying a foundation for the mechanism study of CDC50A in ovarian cancer.

ObjectiveIn order to improve the anti-shock perfomance of ships subjected to underwater explosion, this paper studies the energy absorption and impact resistance of the new protective structure consisted of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)-lattice aluminum sandwich plates. MethodsFirst, finite element software ABAQUS is used to establish the numerical simulation model of CFRP-lattice aluminum sandwich plates under non-explosive and non-contact underwater explosion load, and its reliability is verified. Single variables are then controlled to analyze the influence of the fiber layer thickness of the upper and lower panels and the rod diameter of the sandwich lattice structure on the energy absorption characteristics and structural deflection of the CFRP-lattice aluminum sandwich plates. Finally, based on the above three design parameters, a surrogate optimization model is established using the experimental design method and numerical simulation methodology to optimize the energy absorption of the CFRP-lattice aluminum sandwich plate structure. ResultsThe results show that when the mass of the CFRP-lattice aluminum sandwich plates is constant, the specific absorption of the optimized results can be increased by 284%. In full consideration of the deformation of the lower plates, the specific energy absorption of the optimized results can be increased by 59%. ConclusionsThis study shows that the proposed optimized structure of CFRP-lattice aluminum sandwich plates can effectively improve their energy absorption capacity, and the response surface method is an optimization method that can effectively improve the energy absorption characteristics of the structure.

Objective To construct the expression vectors carrying human Type Ⅳ-P-type phospholipids transferases 11A or 11B (ATP11A or ATP11B), and to detect the up-regulation effect on ATP11A or ATP11B. Methods The primers were designed according to ATP11A or ATP11B sequence and cloned into EZ-TTM Cloning Vector. The primers were identified by enzyme digestion and verified by sequencing. ATP11A and ATP11B sequences were digested and directed to expression vectors pLVX-IRES-mCherry and pLVX-IRES-RFP, respectively. Then the recombinant expression plasmids with immunofluorescence protein were transfected into HEK-293T using liposomes. Finally, the expression of the recombinant cell strains was verified by sequencing, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blot. Results The construction of ATP11A and ATP11B cloning vectors was confirmed by gel electrophoresis and was analyzed by endonuclease. The efficiency of transfection was observed qualitatively under microscope, detected quantitatively by flow cytometry as 38.9%,41.9% respectively, and the tagged proteins were detected by Western blot to present only in the positive groups. Conclusions The expression vectors of human ATP11A and ATP11B are successfully constructed and their expression levels could be effec-tively upregulated,which lay a foundation for future mechanism studies involved to ATP11A or ATP11B.