142 results
Search Results
2. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Recognizes Immunovaccine Researchers with Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (JITC) 'Best Basic Science Paper Award'
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Cancer treatment ,Cancer ,Cancer research ,Immunotherapy ,Associations ,T cells ,Banking, finance and accounting industries ,Business - Abstract
HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, Nov 13, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE via COMTEX) -- Immunovaccine Inc. (TSX:IMV) (OTCQX:IMMVF), a clinical stage immuno-oncology company, today announced that the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) [...]
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- 2017
3. Top 100 Most Cited Publications on CTLA-4 Molecule in Cancer Research: A Bibliometric Analysis.
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El Idrissi, Hossam Hilal and Balar, Ibtissam
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TUMOR treatment ,PROTEINS ,ONLINE information services ,SERIAL publications ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CITATION analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,T cells ,MEDLINE ,MEDICAL research ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
The aim of this research is to use bibliometric analysis to investigate the status and patterns of the 100 most frequently cited publications regarding the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) research for cancer. The articles published on the topic were retrieved from the core collection database of Web of Science and PubMed using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) of "CTLA-4" from 1986 to December 6, 2020. The selected articles were examined and the bibliometric data compiled based on the number of citations, the author's name, journal, publication year, institution, country, and co-occurrence keywords. 4,874 eligible papers were returned from the Web of Science Core Collection Database and PubMed. The citation frequency ranged from 2372 to 205, with a median of 460, and the top cited paper had 2372 citations. The journals with the most papers were Cell (n = 8, 3541 citations, Impact Factor (IF) = 41.577) and Journal of Experimental Medicine (n = 7, 2716 citations, IF = 10.790). Most of the published papers were from the United States of America (USA) (41.8%). A total of 485 institutes and 29 countries were involved in these 100 articles. There were 1192 authors and the author with the highest number of papers was the Nobel Prize winner, Professor James P. Allison (17 papers; 8700 citations). CTLA-4 blockade was the most frequent keyword (42.1%), followed by metastatic melanoma (4.26%). This work presents an important bibliographic source and can be saved as a reference for future medical health research on the function of CTLA-4 in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Artificial Mini Dendritic Cells Boost T Cell–Based Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer
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Yu Li, Jiani Yang, Shanshan Cheng, Zhiyou Yang, Cheng Zhong, Yue Jin, Yu Wang, Jun Ma, Yuan Li, Nan Zhang, Chao Wang, and Cong Xu
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General Chemical Engineering ,T cell ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Antigen presentation ,T cells ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Metastasis ,Immune system ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Medicine ,General Materials Science ,dendritic cells ,lcsh:Science ,Full Paper ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Cancer ,Immunotherapy ,Dendritic cell ,Full Papers ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,0104 chemical sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,ovarian cancer ,Cancer research ,lcsh:Q ,immunotherapy ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,nanovaccines - Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with high recurrence rates and low survival rates, remaining a disease of high unmet need. Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the potential of the immune system to attack tumors, has emerged as one of the most promising treatment options in recent years. As an important form of immunotherapy, dendritic cell (DC)–based vaccines have demonstrated the ability to induce an immune response, while clinical efficacy of DC vaccines remains unsubstantiated as long‐term benefit is only reported in a restricted proportion of patients. Here, a biomimetic nanovaccine derived from DCs is developed through cell membrane coating nanotechnology. This nanovaccine, denoted “mini DC,” inherits the ability of antigen presentation and T cells' stimulation from DCs and is shown to elicit enhanced activation of T cells both in vitro and in vivo. In a mouse model of ovarian cancer, mini DCs exhibit superior therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against cancer including delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor metastasis compared with DC vaccine. These findings suggest that mini DCs may serve as a facile and potent vaccine to boost anticancer immunotherapy., This work reports a biomimetic nanovaccine derived from dendritic cells (DCs). This nanovaccine possesses abilities of antigen presentation and T cells' stimulation and is shown to elicit enhanced activation of T cells both in vitro and in vivo. It also exhibits superior therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against tumors compared with DC vaccine in a mouse model of ovarian cancer.
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- 2020
5. Identification of CD73 as a Novel Biomarker Encompassing the Tumor Microenvironment, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Responses in Various Cancers.
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Tang, Kun, Zhang, Jingwei, Cao, Hui, Xiao, Gelei, Wang, Zeyu, Zhang, Xun, Zhang, Nan, Wu, Wantao, Zhang, Hao, Wang, Qianrong, Xu, Huilan, and Cheng, Quan
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CANCER cell culture ,TISSUE arrays ,FIBROBLASTS ,IMMUNOMODULATORS ,GLIOMAS ,MACROPHAGES ,STROMAL cells ,CANCER ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,GENE therapy ,TUMORS ,TUMOR markers ,T cells ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
Simple Summary: Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment is currently one of the most promising directions for tumor therapy. Ongoing studies suggest that CD73 plays an important role in the tumor immune process in certain tumors, however, the exact mechanism is unknown. We aim to fully reveal the prognostic value of CD73 in pan-cancer and its role in tumor immunity through large-scale single-cell and bulk sequencing analysis. We found that high CD73 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in many tumors. It is also strongly associated with immune scores, stromal cell infiltration, and immune-related pathways. CD73 can regulate the biological behavior of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, especially macrophages and T cells. Immunotherapy targeting CD73 has obvious effects, and CD73 may shine as a new immune checkpoint in future tumor immunotherapy. CD73 is essential in promoting tumor growth by prohibiting anti-tumor immunity in many cancer types. While the mechanism remains largely unknown, our paper comprehensively confirmed the onco-immunological characteristics of CD73 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pan-cancer. This paper explored the expression pattern, mutational profile, prognostic value, tumor immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy of CD73 in a continuous cohort of cancers through various computational tools. The co-expression of CD73 on cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the TME was also detected. Especially, we examined the correlation between CD73 and CD8
+ (a marker of T cell), CD68+ (a marker of macrophage), and CD163+ (a marker of M2 macrophage) cells using multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue microarrays. CD73 expression is significantly associated with a patient's prognosis and could be a promising predictor of these cancers. High CD73 levels are strongly linked to immune infiltrations, neoantigens, and immune checkpoint expression in the TME. In particular, enrichment signaling pathway analysis demonstrated that CD73 was obviously related to activation pathways of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Meanwhile, single-cell sequencing algorithms found that CD73 is predominantly co-expressed on cancer cells, CAFs, M2 macrophages, and T cells in several cancers. In addition, we explored the cellular communication among 14 cell types in glioblastoma (GBM) based on CD73 expression. Based on the expression of CD73 as well as macrophage and T cell markers, we predicted the methylation and enrichment pathways of these markers in pan-cancer. Furthermore, a lot of therapeutic molecules sensitive to these markers were predicted. Finally, potential anticancer inhibitors, immunotherapies, and gene therapy responses targeting CD73 were identified from a series of immunotherapy cohorts. CD73 is closely linked to clinical prognosis and immune infiltration in many cancers. Targeting CD73-dependent signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic strategy for future tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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6. Predictive value of peripheral regulatory T cells in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
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Wei Wang, Xiangying Meng, Guangxian Liu, Qian Wang, Yang Cong, Ge Shen, Hongjun Gao, Bing Sun, Shikai Wu, Dongmei Chen, Xiaoqing Liu, and Chao Liu
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Male ,Cellular immunity ,Pathology ,Lung Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,stereotactic body radiation therapy ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,0302 clinical medicine ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,Aged, 80 and over ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,Flow Cytometry ,Prognosis ,Combined Modality Therapy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Immunotherapy ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,T cells ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Lymphocyte Count ,Lung cancer ,non-small cell lung cancer ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,lymphocyte subsets ,business.industry ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Radiation therapy ,030104 developmental biology ,Tumor progression ,Clinical Research Paper ,Neoplasm Grading ,business ,CD8 ,Biomarkers - Abstract
// Chao Liu 1 , Shikai Wu 1 , Xiangying Meng 1 , Guangxian Liu 2 , Dongmei Chen 1 , Yang Cong 1 , Ge Shen 1 , Bing Sun 1 , Wei Wang 2 , Qian Wang 1 , Hongjun Gao 3 and Xiaoqing Liu 3 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China 2 Cancer Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China 3 Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China Correspondence to: Shikai Wu, email: // Keywords : T cells; lymphocyte subsets; stereotactic body radiation therapy; non-small cell lung cancer; immunotherapy Received : December 19, 2016 Accepted : January 27, 2017 Published : February 09, 2017 Abstract Background: Studies increasingly focus on the impact of radiotherapy on immunity; however, the role of peripheral cellular immunity prior to radiotherapy in cancer patients remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the predictive roles of lymphocyte subsets on tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing radiotherapy, and their expression in NSCLC patients at first relapse. Methods: We enrolled 70 NSCLC patients and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy donors and tested the lymphocyte subsets in their peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Among them, 40 newly diagnosed patients received radiotherapy and were enrolled to investigate the predictive value of lymphocyte subsets on tumor progression after radiotherapy by uni- and multivariate analyses; 30 patients at first relapse were included to evaluate the differences of lymphocyte subsets between them and first diagnosed patients and healthy volunteers. Results: Increased proportions of regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD8+CD28- T cells and decreased CD4+ T cells and CD4/CD8 ratios were observed in NSCLC patients at first relapse compared to newly diagnosed patients. In the 40 first diagnosed patients undergoing radiotherapy, uni- and multivariate analyses showed that increased level of regulatory T cells correlated with poor progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.55 and 3.76, P = 0.022 and 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: Peripheral regulatory T cells were increased and independently predict tumor progression in NSCLC patients undergoing radiotherapy, suggesting the promising combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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- 2017
7. Researchers from University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Describe Findings in Nanotopography (Nanotopography-based Lymphatic Delivery for Improved Anti-tumor Responses To Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy)
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Kimberly-Clark Corp. ,Antigens ,Cancer prevention ,Tumors -- Research -- Drug therapy ,Immunotherapy ,Paper industry ,T cells ,Cancer research ,Lymphocytes ,Cancer ,Nanotechnology ,Editors ,Health - Abstract
2019 NOV 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Immunotherapy Weekly -- Investigators discuss new findings in Nanotechnology - Nanotopography. According to news reporting out of Houston, [...]
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- 2019
8. GROUPS SEEK MORE FDA FLEXIBILITY IN EARLY CELL THERAPY DEVELOPMENT
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United States. Food and Drug Administration ,Cancer treatment ,Drug approval ,T cells ,Antigens ,Automobiles ,Cancer ,Immunotherapy ,Production management ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
ROCKVILLE, MD -- The following information was released by the Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society: By Michael Mezher A new white paper from the Friends of Cancer Research (FOCR) and the [...]
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- 2019
9. Targeting Metabolic Reprogramming of T-Cells for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Response.
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Dabi, Yosef Tsegaye, Andualem, Henok, Degechisa, Sisay Teka, and Gizaw, Solomon Tebeje
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T cells ,CELLULAR immunity ,CHIMERIC antigen receptors ,CANCER cells ,TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is an effective treatment option against cancer. One of the approaches of cancer immunotherapy is the modification of T cell-based anti-tumor immune responses. T-cells, a type of adaptive immune response cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity, have long been recognized as key regulators of immune-mediated anti-tumor immunity. T-cell activities have been reported to be suppressed or enhanced by changes in cell metabolism. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming during activation of T cells is required for the development of distinct differentiation profiles of these cells, which may allow the development of long-term cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. However, T cells have been shown to undergo metabolic exhaustion in tumor microenvironment (TME) as it poses several obstacles to their function. Applications of several mechanistic solutions to improve the efficacy of T cell-based therapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are yet to be determined. Modifying the metabolic properties of these cells and employing them in cancer immunotherapy is a potential strategy for improving their anti-tumor activity and therapeutic efficacy. To give an insight, in this review paper, we endeavoured to cover metabolic reprogramming in cancer and T cells, signalling mechanisms involved in immuno-metabolic regulation, the effects of the TME on T cell metabolic fitness, and targeting metabolic reprogramming of T cells for an enhanced anti-tumor response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. UCLA SCIENTISTS DEVELOP NOVEL TECHNOLOGY THAT POSITIONS 'OFF-THE-SHELF' CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR THE CLINIC
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T cells ,Immunotherapy ,Cancer ,Scientists ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
LOS ANGELES, CA -- The following information was released by UCLA Health System: By Linda Wang Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body's own immune system to attack [...]
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- 2024
11. Asher Bio Announced Publications in Cancer Discovery Highlighting the Differentiated Profile of AB248, its CD8+ T Cell Selective IL-2 Product Candidate
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T cells ,Immunotherapy ,Cancer ,Interleukins ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO: Asher Biotherapeutics, a biotechnology company developing precisely-targeted immunotherapies for cancer, autoimmune, and infectious diseases, today announced the publication of two manuscripts in Cancer Discovery, a journal of [...]
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- 2024
12. FOXP3 (in)stability and cancer immunotherapy.
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Mortezaee, Keywan
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FORKHEAD transcription factors , *T cells , *REGULATORY T cells , *DEUBIQUITINATING enzymes , *IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
• FOXP3 controls Treg differentiation and activity. • FOXP3 induces metabolic versatility in intra-tumoral Tregs. • Treg subsets show different reliance on FOXP3. Dysregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is described in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a transcription factor that its activity is an indicator of Treg identity. FOXP3 induces metabolic versatility in intra-tumoral Tregs, so that its deficiency mediates Treg instability or even gives rise to the acquisition of effector T cell phenotype. FOXP3 dysregulation and defectiveness occurs upon ubiquitination, methylation and presumably acetylation. Stimulators of PTEN, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), and nucleus accumbens–associated protein-1 (NAC1), and inhibitors of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), Deltex1 (DTX1) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) are suggested to hamper FOXP3 stability, and to promote its downregulation and further Treg depletion. A point is that Treg subsets reveal different reliance on FOXP3, which indicates that not all Tregs are strictly dependent on FOXP3, and presumably Tregs with different origin rely on diverse regulators of FOXP3 stability. The focus of this review is over the current understanding toward FOXP3, its activity in Tregs and influence from different regulators within tumor microenvironment (TME). Implication of FOXP3 targeting in cancer immunotherapy is another focus of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Mechanisms, combination therapy, and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy resistance.
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Yang, Manshi, Cui, Mengying, Sun, Yang, Liu, Shui, and Jiang, Weibo
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TUMOR markers ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,T-cell exhaustion ,IMMUNE checkpoint proteins ,INTERFERON receptors ,T cells - Abstract
Anti-programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies exert significant antitumor effects by overcoming tumor cell immune evasion and reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the emergence of drug resistance causes most patients to respond poorly to these immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies have shown that insufficient T-cell infiltration, lack of PD-1 expression, deficient interferon signaling, loss of tumor antigen presentation, and abnormal lipid metabolism are all considered to be closely associated with immunotherapy resistance. To address drug resistance in tumor immunotherapy, a lot of research has concentrated on developing combination therapy strategies. Currently, ICIs such as anti-PD-1 /PD-L1 antibody combined with chemotherapy and targeted therapy have been approved for clinical treatment. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in terms of the tumor microenvironment, gut microbiota, epigenetic regulation, and co-inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors. We also discuss various promising combination therapeutic strategies to address resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, including combining these therapies with traditional Chinese medicine, non-coding RNAs, targeted therapy, other ICIs, and personalized cancer vaccines. Moreover, we focus on biomarkers that predict resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy as well as combination therapy efficacy. Finally, we suggest ways to further expand the application of immunotherapy through personalized combination strategies using biomarker systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Identification of CD73 as a Novel Biomarker Encompassing the Tumor Microenvironment, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Responses in Various Cancers
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Kun Tang, Jingwei Zhang, Hui Cao, Gelei Xiao, Zeyu Wang, Xun Zhang, Nan Zhang, Wantao Wu, Hao Zhang, Qianrong Wang, Huilan Xu, and Quan Cheng
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CD73 ,cancer ,immunotherapy ,macrophages ,T cells ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
CD73 is essential in promoting tumor growth by prohibiting anti-tumor immunity in many cancer types. While the mechanism remains largely unknown, our paper comprehensively confirmed the onco-immunological characteristics of CD73 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pan-cancer. This paper explored the expression pattern, mutational profile, prognostic value, tumor immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy of CD73 in a continuous cohort of cancers through various computational tools. The co-expression of CD73 on cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the TME was also detected. Especially, we examined the correlation between CD73 and CD8+ (a marker of T cell), CD68+ (a marker of macrophage), and CD163+ (a marker of M2 macrophage) cells using multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue microarrays. CD73 expression is significantly associated with a patient’s prognosis and could be a promising predictor of these cancers. High CD73 levels are strongly linked to immune infiltrations, neoantigens, and immune checkpoint expression in the TME. In particular, enrichment signaling pathway analysis demonstrated that CD73 was obviously related to activation pathways of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Meanwhile, single-cell sequencing algorithms found that CD73 is predominantly co-expressed on cancer cells, CAFs, M2 macrophages, and T cells in several cancers. In addition, we explored the cellular communication among 14 cell types in glioblastoma (GBM) based on CD73 expression. Based on the expression of CD73 as well as macrophage and T cell markers, we predicted the methylation and enrichment pathways of these markers in pan-cancer. Furthermore, a lot of therapeutic molecules sensitive to these markers were predicted. Finally, potential anticancer inhibitors, immunotherapies, and gene therapy responses targeting CD73 were identified from a series of immunotherapy cohorts. CD73 is closely linked to clinical prognosis and immune infiltration in many cancers. Targeting CD73-dependent signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic strategy for future tumor immunotherapy.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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15. Editorial: Targeted Immunotherapy for Cancer.
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Williams, Williams V.
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IMMUNE checkpoint proteins ,T cells ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,MEDICAL societies ,KILLER cells ,PROTEOLYSIS ,DRUG side effects ,UBIQUITINATION - Abstract
Cancer, Immunotherapy, Targeted immunotherapy, Immune modulation - immunological terms, targeted (selective) treatment, Immune checkpoint inhibitor Looking predominately at NSCLC, they review the history of the developments in cancer immunotherapy, summarize the mechanism of action and based on the results of the recent first-line trials, propose a potential first-line immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of the patients with NSCLC. Keywords: Cancer; Immunotherapy; Targeted immunotherapy; Immune modulation - immunological terms; targeted (selective) treatment; Immune checkpoint inhibitor EN Cancer Immunotherapy Targeted immunotherapy Immune modulation - immunological terms targeted (selective) treatment Immune checkpoint inhibitor 1 3 3 04/14/22 20220412 NES 220412 Targeted immunotherapy for cancer is a field that is on fire with new innovations and notable successes. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
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16. The 4-1BBζ costimulatory domain in chimeric antigen receptors enhances CD8+ T-cell functionality following T-cell receptor stimulation.
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Chu, Gerard J., Bailey, Charles G., Nagarajah, Rajini, Sagnella, Sharon M., Adelstein, Stephen, and Rasko, John E. J.
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CHIMERIC antigen receptors ,CD8 antigen ,T cells ,B cells ,AUTOANTIGENS - Abstract
Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have revolutionized the treatment of CD19- and B-cell maturation antigen-positive haematological malignancies. However, the effect of a CAR construct on the function of T-cells stimulated via their endogenous T-cell receptors (TCRs) has yet to be comprehensively investigated. Methods: Experiments were performed to systematically assess TCR signalling and function in CAR T-cells using anti-mesothelin human CAR T-cells as a model system. CAR T-cells expressing the CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory endodomains were manufactured and compared to both untransduced T-cells and CAR T-cells with a non-functional endodomain. These cell products were treated with staphylococcal enterotoxin B to stimulate the TCR, and in vitro functional assays were performed by flow cytometry. Results: Increased proliferation, CD69 expression and IFNγ production were identified in CD8+ 4-1BBζ CAR T-cells compared to control untransduced CD8+ T-cells. These functional differences were associated with higher levels of phosphorylated ZAP70 after stimulation. In addition, these functional differences were associated with a differing immunophenotype, with a more than two-fold increase in central memory cells in CD8+ 4-1BBζ CAR T-cell products. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the 4-1BBζ CAR enhances CD8+ TCR-mediated function. This could be beneficial if the TCR targets epitopes on malignant tissues or infectious agents, but detrimental if the TCR targets autoantigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Of mice and lymphoid aggregates: modeling tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer.
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Vaccaro, Alessandra, van de Walle, Tiarne, Ramachandran, Mohanraj, Essand, Magnus, and Dimberg, Anna
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TERTIARY structure ,T cells ,B cells ,IMMUNE response ,CANCER treatment - Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are lymph node-like aggregates that can form in association with chronic inflammation or cancer. Mature TLS are organized into B and T cell zones, and are not encapsulated but include all cell types necessary for eliciting an adaptive immune response. TLS have been observed in various cancer types and are generally associated with a positive prognosis as well as increased sensitivity to cancer immunotherapy. However, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of TLS in eliciting anti-tumor immunity as well as the mechanisms involved in their formation and function is still lacking. Further studies in orthotopic, immunocompetent cancer models are necessary to evaluate the influence of TLS on cancer therapies, and to develop new treatments that promote their formation in cancer. Here, we review key insights obtained from functional murine studies, discuss appropriate models that can be used to study cancer-associated TLS, and suggest guidelines on how to identify TLS and distinguish them from other antigen-presenting niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Mnemo Therapeutics Announces Publication in Cancer Discovery on Ablation of SUV39H1 for Long-Term Protection Against Solid Tumors.
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THERAPEUTICS ,T cells ,TUMOR treatment ,BIOTECHNOLOGY industries ,TUMORS ,ATRIAL flutter - Abstract
Mnemo Therapeutics, a biotechnology company, has published a preclinical study in Cancer Discovery that demonstrates the potential of inactivating the enzyme SUV39H1 to enhance the differentiation and persistence of CAR T cells. The study shows that genetic ablation of SUV39H1 reprograms T cells to express memory-associated genes and reduce exhaustion-associated genes, leading to improved efficacy and protection against tumor relapse in mouse models of lung cancer and other solid tumors. The findings suggest that inactivating SUV39H1 could be a promising approach to improving the long-term success of immunotherapy treatments for tumors. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
19. Recent highlights of cancer immunotherapy.
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Fan, Xianqun
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IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,CELL receptors ,CIRCADIAN rhythms ,LYMPH nodes ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,GENETIC engineering ,TUMORS ,T cells ,CANCER vaccines ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of cancer treatment, harnessing the power of the immune system to combat cancer cells. As an innovative approach, it has shown immense promise and has revolutionized the way we perceive and treat cancer. This commentary aims to highlight the recent important advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, T cell receptor-gene engineered T cell therapy, and tumor vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Both intratumoral regulatory T cell depletion and CTLA-4 antagonism are required for maximum efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.
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Lax, Brianna M., Palmeri, Joseph R., Lutz, Emi A., Sheen, Allison, Stinson, Jordan A., Duhamel, Lauren, Santollani, Luciano, Kennedy, Alan, Rothschilds, Adrienne M., Spranger, Stefani, Sansom, David M., and Wittrup, K. Dane
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REGULATORY T cells ,CYTOTOXIC T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 ,DIPHTHERIA toxin ,T cells ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS - Abstract
Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies have successfully elicited durable tumor regression in the clinic; however, long-term benefit is limited to a subset of patients for select cancer indications. The incomplete understanding of their mechanism of action has hindered efforts at improvement, with conflicting hypotheses proposing either antagonism of the CTLA-4: B7 axis or Fc effector-mediated regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion governing efficacy. Here, we report the engineering of a nonantagonistic CTLA-4 binding domain (b1s1e2) that depletes intratumoral Tregs as an Fc fusion. Comparison of b1s1e2-Fc to 9d9, an antagonistic anti-CTLA-4 antibody, allowed for interrogation of the separate contributions of CTLA-4 antagonism and Treg depletion to efficacy. Despite equivalent levels of intratumoral Treg depletion, 9d9 achieved more long-term cures than b1s1e2-Fc in MC38 tumors, demonstrating that CTLA-4 antagonism provided additional survival benefit. Consistent with prior reports that CTLA-4 antagonism enhances priming, treatment with 9d9, but not b1s1e2-Fc, increased the percentage of activated T cells in the tumor-draining lymph node (tdLN). Treg depletion with either construct was restricted to the tumor due to insufficient surface CTLA-4 expression on Tregs in other compartments. Through intratumoral administration of diphtheria toxin in Foxp3-DTR mice, we show that depletion of both intratumoral and nodal Tregs provided even greater survival benefit than 9d9, consistent with Treg-driven restraint of priming in the tdLN. Our data demonstrate that anti-CTLA-4 therapies require both CTLA-4 antagonism and intratumoral Treg depletion for maximum efficacy--but that potential future therapies also capable of depleting nodal Tregs could show efficacy in the absence of CTLA-4 antagonism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. Identification and validation of a tumor-infiltrating Treg transcriptional signature conserved across species and tumor types.
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Kiner, Evgeny, Ergun, Ayla, Asinovski, Natasha, Ortiz-Lopez, Adriana, Paoluzzi-Tomada, Elisa, Mathis, Diane, Benoist, Christophe, Magnuson, Angela M., Kilcoyne, Aoife, Jun Seok Park, and Weissleder, Ralph
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IMMUNOLOGY ,TUMORS ,T cells ,CANCER ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are central elements of immunologic tolerance. They are abundant in many tumors, where they restrict potentially favorable antitumor responses. We used a three-pronged strategy to identify genes related to the presence and function of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. Gene expression profiles were generated from tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TITRs) of both human and mouse tumors and were compared with those of Tregs of lymphoid organs or normal tissues from the same individuals. A computational deconvolution of wholetumor datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed to identify transcripts specifically associated with Tregs across thousands of tumors from different stages and locations. We identified a set of TITR-differential transcripts with striking reproducibility between tumor types in mice, between mice and humans, and between different human patients spanning tumor stages. Many of the TITR-preferential transcripts were shared with "tissue Tregs" residing in nonlymphoid tissues, but a tumorpreferential segment could be identified. Many of these TITR signature transcripts were confirmed by mining of TCGA datasets, which also brought forth transcript modules likely representing the parenchymal attraction of, or response to, tumor Tregs. Importantly, the TITR signature included several genes encoding effective targets of tumor immunotherapy. A number of other targets were validated by CRISPR-based gene inactivation in mouse Tregs. These results confirm the validity of the signature, generating a wealth of leads for understanding the role of Tregs in tumor progression and identifying potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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22. Use of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients with advanced cancer: a single-center study from China.
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Wu, Luling, Su, Jie, Yang, Junyang, Gu, Ling, Zhang, Renfang, Liu, Li, Lu, Hongzhou, and Chen, Jun
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies ,THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents ,PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors ,HIV infections ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,CYTOMETRY ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,RNA ,TUMOR classification ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CANCER patients ,NIVOLUMAB ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,TUMORS ,T cells ,PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons ,PATIENT safety ,LONG-term health care ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
Background: Anti-PD-1 antibodies have been approved for treating several cancer. However, data regarding the safety and efficacy of these agents in HIV-infected patients with cancer is lacking, because these patients are frequently omitted from clinical trials. Objectives: The primary aim of our research is to assess the safety, activity, and long-term outcomes of PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of HIV-infected patients with advanced cancer. Method: We retrospectively analyzed data from HIV-infected patients with advanced cancers who were treated with PD-1 inhibitors at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China. Results: Fifteen HIV-infected patients (all are men; asian; median age, 44) with cancer who were treated with chemotherapy and/or combined the other oncology treatments [along with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)] prior to Sintilimab (12 out of 15) or Nivolumab (1 out of 11) or Camrelizumab (2 out of 11) injection were identified. Eight patients responded to treatment (disease control rate 53.3%), with 1 got partial response (PR) and 7 were stable. Most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were grade 1 or 2 including anemia, leukopenia, hyperglycemia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Eight patients (53.3%) experienced treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) with grades 3/4including myelosuppression, infection, and neurological disorders. CD4
+ T cell count and plasma HIV RNA remained stable throughout the treatment. Conclusions: When used in HIV-infected patients with advanced malignancies, PD-1 inhibitors tend to have favorable efficacy, manageable side effects, and no deteriorated impacts on plasma HIV-RNA and CD4+ T cell count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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23. Antibody-based cancer immunotherapy by targeting regulatory T cells.
- Author
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Quanxiao Li, Jun Lu, Jinyao Li, Baohong Zhang, Yanling Wu, and Tianlei Ying
- Subjects
REGULATORY T cells ,T cells ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,TUMOR necrosis factor receptors ,TUMOR microenvironment - Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are among the most abundant suppressive cells, which infiltrate and accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor escape by inducing anergy and immunosuppression. Their presence has been correlated with tumor progression, invasiveness and metastasis. Targeting tumor-associated Tregs is an effective addition to current immunotherapy approaches, but it may also trigger autoimmune diseases. The major limitation of current therapies targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment is the lack of selective targets. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs express high levels of cell surface molecules associated with T-cell activation, such as CTLA4, PD-1, LAG3, TIGIT, ICOS, and TNF receptor superfamily members including 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR. Targeting these molecules often attribute to concurrent depletion of antitumor effector T-cell populations. Therefore, novel approaches need to improve the specificity of targeting Tregs in the tumor microenvironment without affecting peripheral Tregs and effector T cells. In this review, we discuss the immunosuppressive mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and the status of antibody-based immunotherapies targeting Tregs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. T cell-derived exosomes in tumor immune modulation and immunotherapy.
- Author
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Qiujun Zhou, Shenyu Wei, Hui Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Shasha Fan, Yi Cao, and Chenglei Wang
- Subjects
IMMUNOREGULATION ,EXOSOMES ,T cells ,NON-coding RNA ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells and have a phospholipid bilayer structure. Exosomes contain DNA, small RNA, proteins, and other substances that can carry proteins and nucleic acids and participate in communication between cells. T cells are an indispensable part of adaptive immunity, and the functions of T cell-derived exosomes have been widely studied. In the more than three decades since the discovery of exosomes, several studies have revealed that T cell-derived exosomes play a novel role in cell-to-cell signaling, especially in the tumor immune response. In this review, we discuss the function of exosomes derived from different T cell subsets, explore applications in tumor immunotherapy, and consider the associated challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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25. Tizona Announces Publication in Cancer Discovery Highlighting the Important Role of CD39 and Extracellular ATP in Inflammasome-driven Anti-Tumor Immunity
- Subjects
Cancer ,Immunotherapy ,T cells ,Cancer treatment ,Electronic periodicals ,Antibodies ,Immune response ,Tumors ,Enzymes ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO: Tizona Therapeutics, Inc. has issued the following press release: Tizona Therapeutics, Inc., a clinical stage, privately held company developing first-in-class cancer immunotherapies, announced today the online publication [...]
- Published
- 2019
26. Adrenergic Signaling in Immunotherapy of Cancer: Friend or Foe?
- Author
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Jensen, Agnete Witness Praest, Carnaz Simões, Ana Micaela, thor Straten, Per, Holmen Olofsson, Gitte, and Baxevanis, Constantin N.
- Subjects
TUMOR treatment ,ADRENERGIC receptors ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,EXERCISE ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,KILLER cells ,T cells ,PHYSICAL activity - Abstract
Simple Summary: Exercise is associated with many aspects of a healthy lifestyle. Among these, exercise leads to the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which mobilize cells of the immune system, a process which is suggested to possess therapeutic value in cancer therapy, alone or in combination with immunotherapy. Strikingly, administration of β-blockers—which block the effect of adrenaline/noradrenaline—are also suggested to be useful in cancer therapy alone or in combination with immunotherapy. Herein we discuss the question of whether exercise and the administration of β-blockers could potentially be useful in cancer therapy. The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide, which is to a large extent related to the population's increasing lifespan. However, lifestyle changes in the Western world are causative as well. Exercise is intrinsically associated with what one could call a "healthy life", and physical activity is associated with a lower risk of various types of cancer. Mouse models of exercise have shown therapeutic efficacy across numerous cancer models, at least in part due to the secretion of adrenaline, which mobilizes cells of the immune system, i.e., cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cells, through signaling of the β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Clinical trials aiming to investigate the clinical value of exercise are ongoing. Strikingly, however, the use of β-blockers—antagonists of the very same signaling pathway—also shows signs of clinical potential in cancer therapy. Cancer cells also express β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and signaling of the receptor is oncogenic. Moreover, there are data to suggest that β2AR signaling in T cells renders the cell functionally suppressed. In this paper, we discuss these seemingly opposing mechanisms of cancer therapy—exercise, which leads to increased β2AR signaling, and β-blocker treatment, which antagonizes that same signaling—and suggest potential mechanisms and possibilities for their combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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27. CAR T Cells in Trials: Recent Achievements and Challenges that Remain in the Production of Modified T Cells for Clinical Applications.
- Author
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Köhl, Ulrike, Arsenieva, Stanislava, Holzinger, Astrid, and Abken, Hinrich
- Subjects
- *
CHIMERIC antigen receptors , *T cells , *B cells , *LEUKEMIA , *LYMPHOMAS , *DRUG approval , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells is attracting growing interest for the treatment of malignant diseases. Early trials with anti-CD19 CAR T cells have achieved spectacular remissions in B-cell leukemia and lymphoma, so far refractory, very recently resulting in the Food and Drug Administration approval of CD19 CAR T cells for therapy. With further applications and increasing numbers of patients, the reproducible manufacture of high-quality clinical-grade CAR T cells is becoming an ever greater challenge. New processing techniques, quality-control mechanisms, and logistic developments are required to meet both medical needs and regulatory restrictions. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art in manufacturing CAR T cells and the current challenges that need to be overcome to implement this type of cell therapy in the treatment of a variety of malignant diseases and in a greater number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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28. The Role of Different Immunocompetent Cell Populations in the Pathogenesis of Head and Neck Cancer—Regulatory Mechanisms of Pro- and Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Impact on Immunotherapy.
- Author
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Starska-Kowarska, Katarzyna
- Subjects
RISK of metastasis ,DISEASE progression ,IMMUNOCOMPETENCE ,FIBROBLASTS ,HEAD & neck cancer ,CANCER relapse ,KILLER cells ,MACROPHAGES ,CANCER ,MYELOID-derived suppressor cells ,NEUTROPHILS ,CELL lines ,T cells ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,OVERALL survival ,T helper cells ,EPIGENOMICS ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Simple Summary: According to the latest GLOBOCAN data, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the sixth most prevalent human malignancy. Recent studies indicate that various immune cell populations may determine the pathogenesis of HNSCCs. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the immune response in HNSCC tumorigenesis, molecular signatures and the mechanisms regulating pro- and anti-cancer activity; it also examines their impact on the current status and future prospects of immunotherapeutic strategies for overcoming immune escape of HNSCC. The study corpus encompasses a wide range of recent molecular, observational and intervention studies on the role of immune signalling pathways and interaction between neoplastic cells and immune cells in human HNSCCs. Rapid advances in the field of immuno-oncology and the constantly growing body of knowledge concerning immunosuppressive mechanisms have allowed effective and personalized immunotherapy to be used as a first-line therapeutic procedure or an essential component of a combination therapy for primary, relapsed and metastatic HNSCC. A greater understanding of the immune response in cancers may also contribute to the further identification of new potential immunological biomarkers necessary for greater clinical benefit in HNSCC patients. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous groups of human neoplasms. HNSCC is characterized by high morbidity, accounting for 3% of all cancers, and high mortality with ~1.5% of all cancer deaths. It was the most common cancer worldwide in 2020, according to the latest GLOBOCAN data, representing the seventh most prevalent human malignancy. Despite great advances in surgical techniques and the application of modern combinations and cytotoxic therapies, HNSCC remains a leading cause of death worldwide with a low overall survival rate not exceeding 40–60% of the patient population. The most common causes of death in patients are its frequent nodal metastases and local neoplastic recurrences, as well as the relatively low response to treatment and severe drug resistance. Much evidence suggests that the tumour microenvironment (TME), tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and circulating various subpopulations of immunocompetent cells, such regulatory T cells (CD4
+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs ), cytotoxic CD3+ CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and CD3+ CD4+ T helper type 1/2/9/17 (Th1 /Th2 /Th9 /Th17 ) lymphocytes, T follicular helper cells (Tfh ) and CD56dim /CD16bright activated natural killer cells (NK), carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated neutrophils (N1/N2 TANs), as well as tumour-associated macrophages (M1/M2 phenotype TAMs) can affect initiation, progression and spread of HNSCC and determine the response to immunotherapy. Rapid advances in the field of immuno-oncology and the constantly growing knowledge of the immunosuppressive mechanisms and effects of tumour cancer have allowed for the use of effective and personalized immunotherapy as a first-line therapeutic procedure or an essential component of a combination therapy for primary, relapsed and metastatic HNSCC. This review presents the latest reports and molecular studies regarding the anti-tumour role of selected subpopulations of immunocompetent cells in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, including HPV+ve (HPV+ ) and HPV−ve (HPV− ) tumours. The article focuses on the crucial regulatory mechanisms of pro- and anti-tumour activity, key genetic or epigenetic changes that favour tumour immune escape, and the strategies that the tumour employs to avoid recognition by immunocompetent cells, as well as resistance mechanisms to T and NK cell-based immunotherapy in HNSCC. The present review also provides an overview of the pre- and clinical early trials (I/II phase) and phase-III clinical trials published in this arena, which highlight the unprecedented effectiveness and limitations of immunotherapy in HNSCC, and the emerging issues facing the field of HNSCC immuno-oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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29. Peptide Blocking CTLA-4 and B7-1 Interaction.
- Author
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Podlesnykh, Stepan V., Abramova, Kristina E., Gordeeva, Anastasia, Khlebnikov, Andrei I., and Chapoval, Andrei I.
- Subjects
PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors ,CYTOTOXIC T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,T cells ,MONOCLONAL antibodies - Abstract
Discovery of the B7 family immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), as well as their ligands B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274), and B7-DC (PD-L2, CD273), has opened new possibilities for cancer immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The blockade of inhibitory receptors (CTLA-4 and PD-1) with specific mAb results in the activation of cancer patients' T lymphocytes and tumor rejection. However, the use of mAb in clinics has several limitations including side effects and cost of treatment. The development of new low-molecular compounds that block immune checkpoints' functional activity can help to overcome some of these limitations. In this paper, we describe a synthetic peptide (p344) containing 14 amino acids that specifically interact with CTLA-4 protein. A 3D computer model suggests that this peptide binds to the
99 MYPPPY104 loop of CTLA-4 protein and potentially blocks the contact of CTLA-4 receptor with B7-1 ligand. Experimental data confirm the peptide-specific interaction with CTLA-4 and its ability to partially block CTLA-4/B7-1 binding. The identified synthetic peptide can be used for the development of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors that can block CTLA-4 functional activity for cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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30. HOW THE BODY FIGHTS CANCER AND INTRUDERS
- Subjects
Technical institutes ,Cancer treatment ,Cancer vaccines ,Influenza viruses ,Vaccines ,Cancer ,T cells ,Immunotherapy ,Salmonella ,Scientists ,Fishes ,Immune system ,Influenza ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
PASADENA, CA -- The following information was released by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech):New methods for understanding the immune system and how to boost itThe human body's immune system [...]
- Published
- 2019
31. Tizona Announces Publication in Cancer Discovery Highlighting the Important Role of CD39 and Extracellular ATP in Inflammasome-driven Anti-Tumor Immunity
- Subjects
Cancer treatment ,Cancer ,Immunotherapy ,Antibodies ,T cells ,Electronic periodicals ,Immune response ,Tumors ,Editors ,Enzymes ,Business ,Health ,Health care industry - Abstract
2019 NOV 19 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Cancer Weekly -- Tizona Therapeutics, Inc., a clinical stage, privately held company developing first-in-class cancer immunotherapies, announced the [...]
- Published
- 2019
32. Neon Therapeutics announces publication of study on cancer neoantigens
- Subjects
Cancer ,Cancer research ,Immunotherapy ,T cells ,Algorithms ,Antigens ,Criminal investigation ,Artificial neural networks ,Spectroscopy ,Tumors ,Technology ,Mass spectrometry ,Antigenic determinants ,Business ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Neon Therapeutics announced publication in the scientific journal Immunity of a breakthrough process for predicting which neoantigens will be presented by MHC class II molecules in the tumor microenvironment. Predicting [...]
- Published
- 2019
33. Natural Killer Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Functional Impairment and Therapeutic Potential.
- Author
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Yano, Max, Byrd, John C., and Muthusamy, Natarajan
- Subjects
CHRONIC lymphocytic leukemia ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,FUNCTIONAL status ,KILLER cells ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CANCER patients ,T cells ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
Simple Summary: Natural killer (NK) cells are immune cells with potent anti-tumor and anti-infection activity. The potential benefit of NK cell therapy against chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has long been recognized, but efforts to develop effective NK cell therapies have been hampered by multiple factors including the immunosuppressive effects of CLL against NK cells. In this review, we first outline the specific NK cell impairment seen in CLL and the known mechanisms causing these defects. We then discuss the NK-altering effects of current CLL therapeutics as well as the past and present progress towards developing NK cell therapy for CLL. Immunotherapy approaches have advanced rapidly in recent years. While the greatest therapeutic advances so far have been achieved with T cell therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T, recent advances in NK cell therapy have highlighted the therapeutic potential of these cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most prevalent form of leukemia in Western countries, is a very immunosuppressive disease but still shows significant potential as a target of immunotherapy, including NK-based therapies. In addition to their antileukemia potential, NK cells are important immune effectors in the response to infections, which represent a major clinical concern for CLL patients. Here, we review the interactions between NK cells and CLL, describing functional changes and mechanisms of CLL-induced NK suppression, interactions with current therapeutic options, and the potential for therapeutic benefit using NK cell therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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34. Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes.
- Author
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Smole, Anze
- Subjects
TUMOR treatment ,CELLULAR therapy ,CARCINOGENESIS ,MANUFACTURING industries ,CELL receptors ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,GENETIC engineering ,IMMUNITY ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,T cells ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a clinically approved cancer immunotherapy approach using genetically engineered T cells. The success of CAR T cells has been met with challenges regarding efficacy and safety. Although a broad spectrum of CAR T cell variants and applications is emerging, this review focuses on CAR T cells for the treatment of cancer. In the first part, the general principles of adoptive cell transfer, the architecture of the CAR molecule, and the effects of design on function are presented. The second part describes five conceptual challenges that hinder the success of CAR T cells; immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, T cell intrinsic properties, tumour targeting, manufacturing cellular product, and immune-related adverse events. Throughout the review, selected current approaches to address these issues are presented. Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of certain blood cancers that do not respond to other available treatment options. Well-trodden paths taken by pioneers led to the first clinical approval, and now the journey continues down lesser-known paths to treat a variety of cancers and other serious diseases with CAR T cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered NK cells: new weapons of cancer immunotherapy with great potential.
- Author
-
Wang, Xiao, Yang, Xuejiao, Yuan, Xiang, Wang, Wenbo, and Wang, Yueying
- Subjects
KILLER cells ,CHIMERIC antigen receptors ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,CANCER treatment ,TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cells have obtained prominent achievement in the clinical immunotherapy of hematological malignant tumors, leading to a rapid development of cellular immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Scientists are also aware of the prospective advantages of CAR engineering in cellular immunotherapy. Due to various limitations such as the serious side effects of CAR-T therapy, researchers began to investigate other immune cells for CAR modification. Natural killer (NK) cells are critical innate immune cells with the characteristic of non-specifically recognizing target cells and with the potential to become "off-the-shelf" products. In recent years, many preclinical studies on CAR-engineered NK (CAR-NK) cells have shown their remarkable efficacy in cancer therapy and their superiority over autologous CAR-T cells. In this review, we summarize the generation, mechanisms of anti-tumor activity and unique advantages of CAR-NK cells, and then analyze some challenges and recent clinical trials about CAR-NK cells therapy. We believe that CAR-NK therapy is a promising prospect for cancer immunotherapy in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. CD8 T-cell heterogeneity during T-cell exhaustion and PD-1-targeted immunotherapy.
- Author
-
Ando, Satomi and Araki, Koichi
- Subjects
T cells ,CD8 antigen ,PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,IMMUNE response ,T-cell exhaustion - Abstract
Persistent antigenic stimulation results in loss of effector function or physical deletion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. This T-cell state is called T-cell exhaustion and occurs during chronic infection and cancer. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells during T-cell exhaustion express the inhibitory receptor PD-1, the expression of which plays a major role in T-cell dysfunction. PD-1 blockade re-invigorates CD8 T-cell immunity and has been proven effective against many different types of human cancer. To further improve the efficacy of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy in cancer patients, a better understanding of T-cell exhaustion is required. Recent studies have revealed that antigen-specific CD8 T cells during T-cell exhaustion are heterogeneous and have also uncovered the detailed mechanisms for PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we review the CD8 T-cell subsets that arise during T-cell exhaustion, the lineage relationship among these individual subsets and the role of each subset in PD-1 blockade. Also, we discuss potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Reducing farnesyl diphosphate synthase levels activates Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and improves tumor suppression in murine xenograft cancer models.
- Author
-
Mei-Ling Liou, Lahusen, Tyler, Haishan Li, Lingzhi Xiao, and Pauza, C. David
- Subjects
T cells ,INTRAPERITONEAL injections ,TUMOR growth ,HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma ,CANCER cells ,PROSTATE cancer - Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are attractive candidates for cancer immunotherapy due to their potent capacity for tumor recognition and cytolysis of many tumor cell types. However, efforts to deploy clinical strategies for Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cancer therapy are hampered by insufficient potency. We are pursuing an alternate strategy of modifying tumors to increase the capacity for Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation, as a means for strengthening the anti-tumor response by resident or ex vivo manufactured Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are activated in vitro by nonpeptidic antigens including isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), a substrate of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) in the pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenoids. In an effort to improve in vivo potency of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, we reduced FDPS expression in tumor cells using a lentivirus vector encoding a short-hairpin RNA that targets FDPS mRNA (LV-shFDPS). Prostate (PC3) or hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh-7) cells transduced with LV-shFDPS induced Vγ9Vδ2 T cell stimulation in vitro, resulting in increased cytokine expression and tumor cell cytotoxicity. Immune deficient mice implanted with LV-shFDPS transduced tumor cells showed dramatic responses to intraperitoneal injection of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with strong suppression of tumor growth. In vivo potency was increased by transducing tumor cells with a vector expressing both shFDPS and human IL-2. Tumor suppression by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells was dose-dependent with greater effects observed in mice injected with 100% LV-shFDPS transduced cells compared to mice injected with amixture of 50% LV-shFDPS transduced cells and 50% control (no vector) tumor cells. Delivery of LV-shFDPS by intratumoral injection was insufficient to knockdown FDPS in the majority of tumor cells, resulting in insignificant tumor suppression by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Thus, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells efficiently targeted and suppressed tumors expressing shFDPS in mouse xenotransplant models. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for suppression of genetically modified tumors by human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and indicates that co-expression of cytokines may boost the anti-tumor effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Targeting CD38 in Neoplasms and Non-Cancer Diseases.
- Author
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Szlasa, Wojciech, Czarny, Jakub, Sauer, Natalia, Rakoczy, Katarzyna, Szymańska, Natalia, Stecko, Jakub, Kołodziej, Maksymilian, Kaźmierczak, Maciej, and Barg, Ewa
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY diseases ,HIV infections ,AMYLOIDOSIS ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,COVID-19 ,EXTRANODAL NK-T-cell lymphoma ,DISEASES ,MONOCLONAL antibodies ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,APOPTOSIS ,KILLER cells ,B cell lymphoma ,GASTROINTESTINAL diseases ,KIDNEY transplantation ,MEMBRANE glycoproteins ,GRAFT versus host reaction ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,GLYCOSIDASES ,IMMUNITY ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN light chains ,MULTIPLE myeloma ,T cells ,SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus ,T-cell lymphoma ,ANTIGENS ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,PHARMACODYNAMICS ,CHEMICAL inhibitors - Abstract
Simple Summary: CD38 remains an interesting target for anticancer therapy. Its relatively high abundance in neoplasms and crucial impact on NAD+/cADPR metabolism and the activity of T cells allows for changing the immune response in autoimmune diseases, neoplasms, and finally the induction of cell death. Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity is responsible for cell death induced by targeting the tumor with anti-CD38 antibodies, such as daratumumab. A wide range of laboratory experiments and clinical trials show an especially promising role of anti-CD38 therapy against multiple myeloma, NK cell lymphomas, and CD19- B-cell malignancies. More studies are required to include more diseases in the therapeutic protocols involving the modulation of CD38 activity. CD38 is a myeloid antigen present both on the cell membrane and in the intracellular compartment of the cell. Its occurrence is often enhanced in cancer cells, thus making it a potential target in anticancer therapy. Daratumumab and isatuximab already received FDA approval, and novel agents such as MOR202, TAK079 and TNB-738 undergo clinical trials. Also, novel therapeutics such as SAR442085 aim to outrank the older antibodies against CD38. Multiple myeloma and immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis may be effectively treated with anti-CD38 immunotherapy. Its role in other hematological malignancies is also important concerning both diagnostic process and potential treatment in the future. Aside from the hematological malignancies, CD38 remains a potential target in gastrointestinal, neurological and pulmonary system disorders. Due to the strong interaction of CD38 with TCR and CD16 on T cells, it may also serve as the biomarker in transplant rejection in renal transplant patients. Besides, CD38 finds its role outside oncology in systemic lupus erythematosus and collagen-induced arthritis. CD38 plays an important role in viral infections, including AIDS and COVID-19. Most of the undergoing clinical trials focus on the use of anti-CD38 antibodies in the therapy of multiple myeloma, CD19- B-cell malignancies, and NK cell lymphomas. This review focuses on targeting CD38 in cancer and non-cancerous diseases using antibodies, cell-based therapies and CD38 inhibitors. We also provide a summary of current clinical trials targeting CD38. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Evolving Role of CD8+CD28− Immunosenescent T Cells in Cancer Immunology.
- Author
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Huff, Wei X., Kwon, Jae Hyun, Henriquez, Mario, Fetcko, Kaleigh, and Dey, Mahua
- Subjects
TELOMERES ,T cells ,CYTOTOXIC T cells ,CANCER cells ,CELLULAR aging ,CYTOKINE receptors - Abstract
Functional, tumor-specific CD8
+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes drive the adaptive immune response to cancer. Thus, induction of their activity is the ultimate aim of all immunotherapies. Success of anti-tumor immunotherapy is precluded by marked immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leading to CD8+ effector T cell dysfunction. Among the many facets of CD8+ T cell dysfunction that have been recognized—tolerance, anergy, exhaustion, and senescence—CD8+ T cell senescence is incompletely understood. Naïve CD8+ T cells require three essential signals for activation, differentiation, and survival through T-cell receptor, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors. Downregulation of costimulatory molecule CD28 is a hallmark of senescent T cells and increased CD8+ CD28− senescent populations with heterogeneous roles have been observed in multiple solid and hematogenous tumors. T cell senescence can be induced by several factors including aging, telomere damage, tumor-associated stress, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Tumor-induced T cell senescence is yet another mechanism that enables tumor cell resistance to immunotherapy. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of CD8+ CD28− senescent T cell population, their origin, their function in immunology and pathologic conditions, including TME and their implication for immunotherapy. Further characterization and investigation into this subset of CD8+ T cells could improve the efficacy of future anti-tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Engineering Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy.
- Author
-
Zhou, Yang, Li, Miao, Zhou, Kuangyi, Brown, James, Tsao, Tasha, Cen, Xinjian, Husman, Tiffany, Bajpai, Aarushi, Dunn, Zachary Spencer, and Yang, Lili
- Subjects
HOMOGRAFTS ,CELLULAR therapy ,MACROPHAGES ,CELL receptors ,STEM cells ,GENETIC engineering ,CELLS ,TUMORS ,T cells ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
Simple Summary: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that can be genetically engineered and differentiated into different types of immune cells, providing an unlimited resource for developing off-the-shelf cell therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive review that describes the current stages of iPSC-based cell therapies, including iPSC-derived T, nature killer (NK), invariant natural killer T (iNKT), gamma delta T (γδ T), mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and macrophages (Mφs). Cell-based immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially in patients who are refractory to other therapies. However, there are critical obstacles that hinder the widespread clinical applications of current autologous therapies, such as high cost, challenging large-scale manufacturing, and inaccessibility to the therapy for lymphopenia patients. Therefore, it is in great demand to generate the universal off-the-shelf cell products with significant scalability. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an "unlimited supply" for cell therapy because of their unique self-renewal properties and the capacity to be genetically engineered. iPSCs can be differentiated into different immune cells, such as T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, gamma delta T (γδ T), mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and macrophages (Mφs). In this review, we describe iPSC-based allogeneic cell therapy, the different culture methods of generating iPSC-derived immune cells (e.g., iPSC-T, iPSC-NK, iPSC-iNKT, iPSC-γδT, iPSC-MAIT and iPSC-Mφ), as well as the recent advances in iPSC-T and iPSC-NK cell therapies, particularly in combinations with CAR-engineering. We also discuss the current challenges and the future perspectives in this field towards the foreseeable applications of iPSC-based immune therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Towards Neuroimmunotherapy for Cancer: the Neurotransmitters Glutamate, Dopamine and GnRH-II augment substantially the ability of T cells of few Head and Neck cancer patients to perform spontaneous migration, chemotactic migration and migration towards the autologous tumor, and also elevate markedly the expression of CD3zeta and CD3epsilon TCR-associated chains
- Author
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Saussez, Sven, Laumbacher, Barbara, Chantrain, Gilbert, Rodriguez, Alexandra, Gu, Songhai, Wank, Rudolf, and Levite, Mia
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. CD3+CD4-CD8- (Double-Negative) T Cells in Inflammation, Immune Disorders and Cancer.
- Author
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Wu, Zhiheng, Zheng, Yu, Sheng, Jin, Han, Yicheng, Yang, Yanyan, Pan, Hongming, and Yao, Junlin
- Subjects
T cells ,REGULATORY T cells ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases ,IMMUNOLOGIC diseases ,GRAFT versus host disease ,CELL morphology ,TUMOR-infiltrating immune cells - Abstract
The crucial role of CD4
+ and CD8+ T cells in shaping and controlling immune responses during immune disease and cancer development has been well established and used to achieve marked clinical benefits. CD3+ CD4- CD8- double-negative (DN) T cells, although constituting a rare subset of peripheral T cells, are gaining interest for their roles in inflammation, immune disease and cancer. Herein, we comprehensively review the origin, distribution and functions of this unique T cell subgroup. First, we focused on characterizing multifunctional DN T cells in various immune responses. DN regulatory T cells have the capacity to prevent graft-versus-host disease and have therapeutic value for autoimmune disease. T helper-like DN T cells protect against or promote inflammation and virus infection depending on the specific settings and promote certain autoimmune disease. Notably, we clarified the role of DN tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and outlined the potential for malignant proliferation of DN T cells. Finally, we reviewed the recent advances in the applications of DN T cell-based therapy for cancer. In conclusion, a better understanding of the heterogeneity and functions of DN T cells may help to develop DN T cells as a potential therapeutic tool for inflammation, immune disorders and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Cleveland Clinic research finds VISTA directly blocks T-cells from functioning in immunotherapy.
- Subjects
IMMUNOTHERAPY ,T cells ,MYELOID-derived suppressor cells ,IMMUNE checkpoint proteins - Abstract
A recent study conducted by scientists and physicians at the Cleveland Clinic has found that the immune checkpoint protein VISTA can directly inhibit T-cells, which are crucial for immunotherapy and fighting tumors. The researchers discovered that VISTA can bind to a protein called LRIG1 in T-cells, leading to the suppression of T-cell replication, survival, and function. This interaction between VISTA and LRIG1 has been linked to resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma and endometrial cancer. The findings suggest that blocking LRIG1 function could potentially halt tumor growth in various cancers. The study highlights the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of VISTA and develop more effective treatments. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
44. High Intensity Aerobic exercise training and Immune cell Mobilization in patients with lung cancer (HI AIM)—a randomized controlled trial
- Author
-
Holmen Olofsson, Gitte, Mikkelsen, Marta Kramer, Ragle, Anne-Mette, Christiansen, Anne Birgitte, Olsen, Anne Pries, Heide-Ottosen, Lise, Horsted, Cecilia Bech, Pedersen, Cia Moon Scharbau, Engell-Noerregaard, Lotte, Lorentzen, Torben, Persson, Gitte Fredberg, Vinther, Anders, Nielsen, Dorte Lisbet, and thor Straten, Per
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. RNA-mediated immunotherapy regulating tumor immune microenvironment: next wave of cancer therapeutics
- Author
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Pandey, Poonam R., Young, Ken H., Kumar, Dhiraj, and Jain, Neeraj
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Genocea Biosciences, Inc announces milestone publication in Cancer Discovery
- Subjects
T cells ,Biotechnology industry ,Immunotherapy ,Cancer ,Tumor antigens ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.: Genocea Biosciences, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company developing next-generation neoantigen immunotherapies, has announced a milestone publication in Cancer Discovery, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. The [...]
- Published
- 2021
47. ImmunoPET: harnessing antibodies for imaging immune cells
- Author
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Wu, Anna M. and Pandit-Taskar, Neeta
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Resistance to immunotherapy in human malignancies: Mechanisms, research progresses, challenges, and opportunities.
- Author
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Bashash, Davood, Zandi, Zahra, Kashani, Bahareh, Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi, Atieh, Salari, Sina, and Ghaffari, Seyed H.
- Subjects
T cells ,CYTOTOXIC T cells ,NON-small-cell lung carcinoma ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,CHIMERIC antigen receptors - Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in different types of cancer therapies, an effective therapeutic strategy is still a major and significant challenge. One of the most promising approaches in this regard is immunotherapy, which takes advantage of the patients' immune system; however, the many mechanisms that cancerous cells harbor to extend their survival make it impossible to gain perfect eradication of tumors. The response rate to cancer immunotherapies, especially checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell therapy, substantially differs in various cancer types with the highest rates in advanced melanoma and non‐small cell lung cancer. Indeed, the lack of response in many tumors indicates primary resistance that can originate from either tumor cells (intrinsic) or tumor microenvironment (extrinsic). On the other hand, some tumors show an initial response to immunotherapy followed by relapse in few months (acquired resistance). Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance makes it possible to develop effective strategies to overcome this hurdle and boost therapy outcomes. In this review, we take a look at immunotherapy strategies and go through a number of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms. Also, we present various ongoing methods to overcoming resistance and introduce some promising fields to improve the outcome of immunotherapy in patients affected with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Pharmacological Activation of cGAS for Cancer Immunotherapy.
- Author
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Garland, Kyle M., Rosch, Jonah C., Carson, Carcia S., Wang-Bishop, Lihong, Hanna, Ann, Sevimli, Sema, Van Kaer, Casey, Balko, Justin M., Ascano, Manuel, and Wilson, John T.
- Subjects
KILLER cells ,IMMUNE checkpoint proteins ,NUCLEIC acids ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,T cells ,CATIONIC lipids - Abstract
When compartmentally mislocalized within cells, nucleic acids can be exceptionally immunostimulatory and can even trigger the immune-mediated elimination of cancer. Specifically, the accumulation of double-stranded DNA in the cytosol can efficiently promote antitumor immunity by activating the cGAMP synthase (cGAS) / stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway. Targeting this cytosolic DNA sensing pathway with interferon stimulatory DNA (ISD) is therefore an attractive immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, the therapeutic activity of ISD is limited by several drug delivery barriers, including susceptibility to deoxyribonuclease degradation, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient cytosolic delivery. Here, we describe the development of a nucleic acid immunotherapeutic, NanoISD, which overcomes critical delivery barriers that limit the activity of ISD and thereby promotes antitumor immunity through the pharmacological activation of cGAS at the forefront of the STING pathway. NanoISD is a nanoparticle formulation that has been engineered to confer deoxyribonuclease resistance, enhance cellular uptake, and promote endosomal escape of ISD into the cytosol, resulting in potent activation of the STING pathway via cGAS. NanoISD mediates the local production of proinflammatory cytokines via STING signaling. Accordingly, the intratumoral administration of NanoISD induces the infiltration of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes into murine tumors. The therapeutic efficacy of NanoISD is demonstrated in preclinical tumor models by attenuated tumor growth, prolonged survival, and an improved response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. ADC Therapeutics Announces Publication Highlighting the Potential of Camidanlumab Tesirine (Cami) as a Novel Immuno-oncology Approach for Solid Tumor Cancers
- Subjects
ADC Therapeutics S.A. ,Cancer treatment ,Cancer ,Immunotherapy ,Pharmaceutical industry ,Biological products ,T cells ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
LAUSANNE: ADC Therapeutics SA has issued the following press release: ADC Therapeutics SA (NYSE: ADCT), a late clinical-stage oncology-focused biotechnology company pioneering the development and commercialization of highly potent and [...]
- Published
- 2020
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