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With the rapid development of wearable devices, tactile sensors have received extensive attention as supplements to vision and hearing. However, it remains challenging for a single tactile sensor to generate distinguishable electrical signals when receiving mechanical stimuli in different directions. Herein, a novel flexible electromagnetic tactile sensor (FETS) prepared by combining flexible double‐layer coils and a flexible tilted magnetic column array (TMCA) is presented. Flexible double‐layer high‐density coils are fabricated using the micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The turns of the coil (1 × 1 cm) are 100, while both the line width and spacing of turns are 40 µm. TMCA is prepared using a template and magnetized along the axis direction. When a pulling force or pressure is applied to the TMCA, the magnetic flux decreases or increases correspondingly, allowing the FETS to accurately distinguish stimuli and produce different signals (−/+ or +/−). The FETS presents a sensitivity of up to 21.7 µV kPa−1 (0.05–10 kPa), a minimal magnetic field detection limit of 10 mT, a low‐pressure detection limit of 5 g, and good repeatability (5000 cycles). Additionally, the FETS is applied in robotic tactile testing, Morse code, and noncontact magnetic field recognition. It has potential applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) and information communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides an overview of the transformation and storage of energy and carbon dioxide in deep formations, which are important for low-carbon and sustainable development. The document highlights the importance of fluid mechanics in porous media for large-scale projects related to energy and CO2 transformation and storage. It discusses various studies on topics such as CO2 miscible flooding, CO2-oil two-phase flow, rock microstructure variations, and the mechanical response of rock during fluid flows. The document concludes by stating that the studies presented in this special issue will contribute to the development of theoretical, experimental, and numerical modeling methods in this field. [Extracted from the article]

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of vehicle ownership, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in Guangdong Province, China, from 2020 to 2035 under different scenarios. Key findings highlight the province's pursuit of carbon peak goals and provide valuable insights into strategies to achieve them. Vehicle ownership in Guangdong is projected to exceed 48 million by 2035, which represents a doubling from 2020. Under both scenarios, internal combustion engine vehicle ownership will peak around 2030 and then gradually decline, while under the enhanced scenario, electric vehicle ownership will exceed 40% by 2035. Enhanced vehicle energy efficiency and reduced annual mileage will lead to a 17% reduction in gasoline and diesel consumption by 2035 in both scenarios. At the same time, there will be a substantial five- to six-fold increase in electricity consumption for vehicles compared to 2020. Both scenarios peak in carbon emissions before 2030, with the enhanced scenario achieving this peak a year earlier. The enhanced scenario outperforms the baseline, reducing carbon emissions by about 21.2% from the peak and 8% relative to 2020. Pure electric vehicles exhibit a significant advantage in reducing carbon emissions per vehicle compared to their internal combustion engine counterparts. Encouraging new energy vehicles, especially pure electric ones, accelerates the carbon emissions peak and lowers overall peak emissions. Accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles, reducing per-vehicle fuel consumption and annual average mileage, and optimizing transportation modes are crucial for carbon peaking from the vehicle fuel cycle. Policy recommendations focus on promoting new energy vehicles, optimizing transportation, and advancing research and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qingyi granules can be used to effectively treat patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). To elucidate the role of gut microbiota-mediated metabolism in the therapeutic effects of Qingyi granules. Sprague–Dawley rats were grouped into the sham operation, SAP model, Qingyi granule intervention (Q, 1.8 g/kg) and emodin intervention (E, 50 mg/kg) groups and observed for 24 h. H&E staining and ELISA were used for histopathological analysis and serum enzyme and cytokine assays. 16S rDNA sequencing and UHPLC-HRMS were used for gut microbiota analysis and untargeted metabolomics. In SAP rats, Qingyi granules decreased the pancreatic pathological score (Q, 7.4 ± 1.14; SAP, 11.6 ± 1.14, p < 0.01); serum amylase (Q, 121.2 ± 6.7; SAP, 144.3 ± 8.86, p < 0.05), lipase (Q, 566 ± 20.34; SAP, 656.7 ± 29.32, p < 0.01), and diamineoxidase (Q, 492.8 ± 26.08; SAP, 566.1 ± 26.83, p < 0.05) activities; and IL-1β (Q, 29.48 ± 0.88; SAP, 36.17 ± 1.88, p < 0.01), IL-6 (Q, 112.2 ± 3.57; SAP, 128.9 ± 9.09, p < 0.05) and TNF-α (Q, 215.3 ± 8.67; SAP, 266.4 ± 28.03, p < 0.05) levels. SAP induced Helicobacter and Lactobacillus overgrowth and suppressed Romboutsia and Allobaculum growth and caused aberrations in bacterial metabolites, which were partly reversed by Qingyi granules. Qingyi granules can modulate the gut microbiota and metabolic abnormalities to ameliorate SAP. Multi-omics approaches allow systematic study of the pharmacological mechanisms of compound prescriptions for critical illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase of tumor perfusion and oxygenation during tumor vascular normalization, the hypoxia imaging signal weakens. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a vascular tumor characterized by hypervascularity and marked vascular abnormalities. [ SP 18 sp F]Fluoromisonidazole ([ SP 18 sp F]FMISO) PET, a noninvasive technique for imaging of hypoxia, could determine the function of tumor blood vessels after anti-angiogenic therapy and help to determine the ideal regimen required for normalization [[18]]. There are differences in the vasculature and microenvironment of primary tumor grafts and subcutaneous tumor xenografts [[16]]. [Extracted from the article]

The gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) method is a new technology for detecting volatile organic compounds. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of volatile aroma compounds of Curcuma essential oils (EOs) after 60Co radiation by GC-IMS. Dosages of 0, 5, and 10 kGy of 60Co were used to analyze EOs of Curcuma after 60Co irradiation (named EZ-1, EZ-2, and EZ-3). The odor fingerprints of volatile organic compounds in different EOs of Curcuma samples were constructed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and GC-IMS after irradiation. The differences in odor fingerprints of EOs were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 92 compounds were detected and 65 compounds were identified, most of which were ketones, aldehydes, esters, and a small portion were furan compounds. It was found that the volatile matter content of 0 kGy and 5 kGy was closer, and the use of 10 kGy 60Co irradiation would have an unstable effect on the EOs. In summary, it is not advisable to use a higher dose when using 60Co irradiation for sterilization of Curcuma. Due to the small gradient of irradiation dose used in the experiment, the irradiation dose can be adjusted appropriately according to the required sterilization requirements during the production and storage process of Curcuma to obtain the best irradiation conditions. GC-IMS has the advantages of GC's high separation capability and IMS's fast response, high resolution, and high sensitivity, and the sample requires almost no pretreatment; it can be widely used in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines containing volatile components. It is shown that irradiation technology has good application prospects in the sterilization of traditional Chinese medicines, but the changes in irradiation dose and chemical composition must be paid attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the effects of the circularly polarized light (CPL) and the electric field (EF) on the nonlocal transport in a silicene-based antiferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet (AF/S/F) asymmetrical junction. For case I (II), the CPL and the EF are applied simultaneously in the antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) region, whereas in the ferromagnetic (antiferromagnetic) region, only a constant EF is considered. The spin-valley-resolved conductance can be turned on or off by adjusting the CPL or the EF. The AF/S/F junction can be manipulated as a spin-locked valley filter for case I, while for case II, it can be used not only as a valley-locked spin filter but also as a nonlocal switch between two pure nonlocal processes. Such interesting nonlocal switch effect can be effectively controlled by reversing the direction of the incident energy axis, the handedness of the CPL, or the direction of the EF. These findings may open an avenue to the design and manufacture of the spintronic and valleytronic devices based on the asymmetrical silicene magnetic superconducting heterostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D/2D van der Waals heterojunctions have promising photocatalytic applications. However, their interfacial interaction and photocatalytic mechanism are still unclear. Herein, monolayer black phosphorus (BP)/graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) heterojunction photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is systematically investigated using the density‐functional theory method. It is indicated in the results that BP/GCN heterojunction structure distortion and interface interaction change its electronic structure and photocatalytic performance. The hydrogen‐adsorption free energy of BP/GCN heterojunction is −0.28 eV, indicating that the BP/GCN heterojunction has a high catalytic activity for hydrogen production. Calculated Bader charge and Fermi energy level show that a built‐in electric field from BP to GCN forms in its interface. The energy barrier and built‐in electric field promote the recombination of photogenerated electrons in GCN conduction band and photogenerated holes in BP valence band; electrons on the BP conduction band and holes on the GCN valence band are effectively separated in space; and more electrons and holes can participate in redox reactions on the surface. The BP/GCN heterojunction is a type Z heterojunction. Significant improvement in photocatalytic reaction efficiency is attributed to the type Z photocatalytic mechanism and small free energy of hydrogen adsorption. Herein, it is aimed to offer insights into the photocatalytic mechanism of 2D/2D heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be CSS-subgroup of G if there exists a normal subgroup K of G such that G = HK and H ∩ K is SS-quasinormal in G. In this paper, we investigate the p-nilpotency of the finite groups under the assumption that there is a subgroup D of P such that 1 < |D| < |P| and every subgroup of P with order |D| or 2|D| (whenever |D| = 2) is CSS-subgroup, where p is a prime dividing the order of G and P is a Sylow p-subgroup of G. As an application of the results, a related problem posed by Heliel et al. in [Finite groups with minimal CSS-subgroups, Eur. J. Pure Appl. Math. 14 (2021) 1002–1014] is solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of adding elements to promote phase separation on the functional properties of medium-entropy alloys has rarely been reported. In this paper, medium-entropy alloys with dual FCC phases were prepared by adding Cu and Ag elements, which exhibited a positive mixing enthalpy with Fe. Dual-phase Fe-based medium-entropy alloys were fabricated via water-cooled copper crucible magnetic levitation melting and copper mold suction casting. The effects of Cu and Ag elements microalloying on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of a medium-entropy alloy were studied, and an optimal composition was defined. The results show that Cu and Ag elements were enriched between the dendrites and precipitated an FCC2 phase on the FCC1 matrix. During electrochemical corrosion under PBS solutions, Cu and Ag elements formed an oxide layer on the alloy's surface, which prevented the matrix atoms from diffusing. With an increase in Cu and Ag content, the corrosion potential and the arc radius of capacitive resistance increased, while the corrosion current density decreased, indicating that corrosion resistance improved. The corrosion current density of (Fe63.3Mn14Si9.1Cr9.8C3.8)94Cu3Ag3 in PBS solution was as high as 1.357 × 10−8 A·cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effects of unilateral biportal endoscopic extreme transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(UBE-eXTLIF) with large cage combined with endoscopic unilateral pedicle screw fixation for lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods: Patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who received UBE-eXTLIF with large cage combined with endoscopic unilateral pedicle screw fixation from June 2022 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 4 females and 1 males. The clinical symptoms and signs were consistent with the imaging changes. We recorded operation time, length of postoperative hospital stay, and complications. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and modified Macnab scale was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy at preoperative, postoperative 1 month, and the last follow-up. Results: The operation was successfully completed in all cases. The operation time was 150–180 min, with an average of 164.60 ± 12.03 min. No serious complications such as dural tears and vascular and nerve injuries occurred during operation. All the patients got out of bed 1–3 days after surgery and were hospitalized 4–5 days after surgery, with an average of 4.20 ± 0.45 days. Preoperative VAS scores of low back pain were 6.20 ± 0.84 and respectively decreased to 2.20 ± 0.45 and 1.40 ± 0.55 at postoperative 1 month and at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Preoperative VAS scores of lower limb pain were 4.60 ± 2.61 and respectively decreased to 1.00 ± 0.71 and 0.60 ± 0.55 at postoperative 1 month and at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Preoperative ODI scores were 62.00 ± 3.16 and respectively decreased to 38.00 ± 1.41 and 32.40 ± 3.29 at postoperative 1 month and at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). According to the modified Macnab criteria, the final outcome was excellent in 4 cases and good in 1 case. Five patients could return to normal activities within 3 weeks. Conclusions: UBE-eXTLIF with large cage combined with endoscopic unilateral pedicle screw fixation can achieve excellent clinical results and may become a new minimally invasive endoscopic fusion method for lumbar degenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenges of remote sensing image scene classification are extracting discriminative features and making full use of the training data. The current mainstream deep learning methods usually only use the hard labels of the samples, ignoring the potential soft labels and natural labels. Self-supervised learning can take full advantage of natural labels. However, it is difficult to train a self-supervised network due to the limitations of the dataset and computing resources. We propose a self-supervised knowledge distillation network (SSKDNet) to solve the aforementioned challenges. Specifically, the feature maps of the backbone are used as supervision signals, and the branch learns to restore the low-level feature maps after background masking and shuffling. The "dark knowledge" of the branch is transferred to the backbone through knowledge distillation (KD). The backbone and branch are optimized together in the KD process without independent pre-training. Moreover, we propose a feature fusion module to fuse feature maps dynamically. In general, SSKDNet can make full use of soft labels and has excellent discriminative feature extraction capabilities. Experimental results conducted on three datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although photoinduced copper catalysis for carbon–nitrogen (C–N) amine bond formation with alkyl/aryl halides has been developed, the potential of copper catalysis for the synthesis of 1,3-substituted benzimidazolone molecules remains mostly unexplored. We herein report for the first time that unsymmetrical 1,3-substituted-1,3-dihydro-benzimidazolones can be readily prepared from monosubstituted benzimidazolones with primary alkyl, allyl, and benzyl bromides in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(I) bromide and visible light. The catalytic system was optimized and a library of benzimidazolone products were converted in overall great yields up to 99%, demonstrating the utility of this approach for practical and green synthesis schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been realized that the influence of system parameter uncertainties may be very significant, even dominant, in stochastic response evaluation. Nevertheless, in reality, this evaluation process may be difficult to conduct due to these parameter variables (viz. structural property parameters, such as stiffness, damping, and strength, and excitation characteristics parameters, such as frequency content and duration) that are usually correlated with each other. Therefore, this study devotes to develop a method for evaluating stochastic response uncertainty involving correlated system parameter variables. In this method, the evaluation expression for the mean and standard deviation of the maximum response including uncertainty parameter variables are provided first; subsequently, a third-moment pseudo-correlation normal transformation is able to be performed for converting the correlated and non-normal system parameter variables with unknown joint probability density function (PDF) or marginal PDF into the mutually independent standard normal ones; ultimately, a point estimate procedure (PEP) based on univariate dimension reduction integration can be carried out for evaluating the structural stochastic response including uncertainty system parameters. Several numerical examples with an engineering background involving correlated system parameter variables are analyzed and discussed under stochastic excitation, and their results are compared with those yielded by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) so as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach proposed. It indicated that the method proposed, in this study, provides an effective path to deal with uncertainty evaluation of stochastic structural response involving correlated random variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 15 May 2021, the Zhurong rover of China's first Mars mission, Tianwen-1 (TW-1), successfully landed in southern Utopia Planitia on Mars. Various landforms were present in the landing area, and this area recorded a complex geological history. Cones are one of the typical landforms in the landing area and Utopia Planitia, and they have a great significance to the local geological processes due to the diversity of their origins. Using High-Resolution Imaging Camera (HiRIC) images collected by the TW-1 orbiter, we identified a total of 272 well-preserved circular cones in the landing area. Detailed surveys of their spatial distribution, morphological characteristics, and morphometric parameters were conducted. A preliminary analysis of the surface characteristics of these cones also provides additional information to strengthen our understanding of them. The results of the high-resolution topographic analysis show that the cone heights are in the range of 10.5–90.8 m and their basal diameters range from 178.9–1206.6 m. We compared the morphometric parameters of the cones in the landing area with terrestrial and Martian analogous features and found that our measured cones are consistent with the ranges of mud volcanoes and also a small subset of igneous origin cones. However, the result of spatial analysis is more favorable to mud volcanoes, and the lower thermal inertia of the cones in the landing area compared to their surrounding materials is also a typical characteristic of mud volcanoes. Based on current evidence and analysis, we favor interpreting the cones in the TW-1 landing area as mud volcanoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic reliability evaluation on foundation of stone cutting machine is usually affected by ambient background noise. In this paper, a nested evaluation approach of dynamic reliability is conducted for handling this complex situation. After getting the detected data, a fast identified process is available for fastly identifying the dynamic parameter foundation of stone cutting machine by using the peak-picking method, in which the natural frequency of foundation is able to be first identified by the equivalent frequency response function for the self-power spectrum of the foundation; subsequently, the damping ratio of the foundation, on the basis of the previous result of natural frequency, is identified by the half-power broadband technology; eventually, after obtaining these dynamic parameters identified, the failure probability of the foundation and its corresponding dynamic reliability index, under ambient excitation, is capable to be calculated based on the first-passage probability of the maximum response. An example of stone cutting machine foundation with engineering background is investigated in detail, and its result diagrams calculated by the proposed approach can be demonstrated that the foundation of stone cutting machine is safe and reliable in the current environment. The proposed method, in this paper, provides an effective path for evaluating the foundation reliability of stone cutting machine under ambient excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mauremys reevesii is an endangered freshwater turtle that symbolizes longevity in Chinese culture. Despite its importance, genetic studies of this species remain limited, with no genomic sequence reported to date. Here, we report a high‐quality, chromosome‐level genomic sequence of M. reevesii obtained using a combination of Nanopore and Hi‐C sequencing technologies. The 2.37 Gb M. reevesii genome was assembled from a total of ~226.80 Gb of Nanopore sequencing data. The M. reevesii genome contig N50 is 34.73 Mb, the highest value in published turtle genomes. In total, 18,238 genes were functionally annotated. The contigs were clustered and ordered onto 27 pseudochromosomes covering ~96.55% of the genome assembled with Hi‐C data. To explore genome evolution, synteny analysis was performed between M. reevesii (freshwater turtle) and Gopherus evgoodei (terrestrial turtle) genomes. In general, each chromosome of M. reevesii corresponded to one chromosome of Gopherus evgoodei, but some interchromosomal rearrangements occurred between the two species based on the assembled genomes. These interchromosomal rearrangements were further confirmed by mapping of the long‐read nanopore data to the assembly. The reconstructed demographic history showed varied effective population size among freshwater, marine and terrestrial turtles. We also discovered expansion of genes related to the innate immune system in M. reevesii that may provide defence against freshwater pathogens. The high‐quality genomic sequence provides a valuable genetic resource for further studies of genetics and genome evolution in turtles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain applicable catalysts for toluene combustion, Ru‐promoted Pr2Sn2O7 has been prepared with impregnation (Ru/Pr2Sn2O7) and hydrothermal method (Ru−Pr2Sn2O7). For the two Ru/Pr2Sn2O7 catalysts, Ru scatters on the surface of Pr2Sn2O7 as both metallic Ru and RuO2. In contrast, for the two Ru−Pr2Sn2O7 catalysts, Ru is substituted into Pr2Sn2O7 lattice as Ru4+. The distribution states of Ru affect significantly the active surface oxygen amount and the toluene adsorption capacity, which are the two major reasons influencing the reactivity. On Ru/Pr2Sn2O7, a greater quantity of active oxygen sites can be formed than on Ru−Pr2Sn2O7. Furthermore, the presence of surface Ru0 facilitates also toluene adsorption. As a consequence, the intrinsic activity of the two Ru/Pr2Sn2O7 catalysts are much higher than the two Ru−Pr2Sn2O7 catalysts. It is concluded that supporting Ru on Pr2Sn2O7 surface is a better way than doping Ru into its lattice to fabricate more active and applicable catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high‐efficient red thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials is crucial to expanding their applications. Here, the acceptor reconstruction strategies of acceptor bonding and acceptor fusing in donor–acceptor‐type materials to modulate their nonradiative deactivation process and emission color for expanding high‐efficient red TADF emitters are presented. They are applied to design novel red TADF emitters TXO‐b‐TPA and TXO‐f‐TPA based on non‐red thioxanthone oxide (TXO) acceptor. Compared to TXO‐based emitter TXO‐TPA, these acceptor reconstruction strategies enable red‐shifted (48–88 nm) and efficient red TADF emission (600–640 nm). Their radiative and nonradiative transition processes can be modulated by the different molecular orbital and excited state distributions based on their acceptor structural differences, which results in a dramatic enhancement of their organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device efficiencies from 1.21/3.63% (TXO‐f‐TPA) to 20.9% (TXO‐b‐TPA). These results confirm that the acceptor reconstruction strategies provide a viable solution for overcoming the limitations of previous red TADF emitters. Moreover, the retrieval of reported TADF materials can further demonstrate that these acceptor reconstruction strategies can be transferrable to more non‐red TADF materials to expand high‐efficient red‐shift and/or red TADF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on hyperspectral image (HSI) super-resolution that aims to fuse a low-spatial-resolution HSI and a high-spatial-resolution multispectral image to form a high-spatial-resolution HSI (HR-HSI). Existing deep learning-based approaches are mostly supervised that rely on a large number of labeled training samples, which is unrealistic. The commonly used model-based approaches are unsupervised and flexible but rely on handcrafted priors. Inspired by the specific properties of model, we make the first attempt to design a model-inspired deep network for HSI super-resolution in an unsupervised manner. This approach consists of an implicit autoencoder network built on the target HR-HSI that treats each pixel as an individual sample. The nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) of the target HR-HSI is integrated into the autoencoder network, where the two NMF parts, spectral and spatial matrices, are treated as decoder parameters and hidden outputs, respectively. In the encoding stage, we present a pixelwise fusion model to estimate hidden outputs directly and then reformulate and unfold the model’s algorithm to form the encoder network. With the specific architecture, the proposed network is similar to a manifold prior-based model and can be trained patch by patch rather than the entire images. Moreover, we propose an additional unsupervised network to estimate the point spread function and spectral response function. Experimental results conducted on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The GaSe 1-x Te x /MoS 2 displays a type-II band alignment. • The electrons are moved from the GaSe 1-x Te x to the MoS 2 layer. • Te doping improves effective mass ratio and carrier separation efficiency. • The visible light absorption ability is improved in the lower energy region. In this work, the influence of Te atom doping on GaSe 1-x Te x /MoS 2 heterojunctions within the electronic, optical, and photocatalytic behavior are examined by means of first-principles calculations. The outcomes demonstrate that GaSe 1-x Te x /MoS 2 is a van der Waals heterojunction and displays a type-II band alignment, as substantiated by the binding energy and layer separation. Te atom doping can functionally govern the bandgap of GaSe 1-x Te x /MoS 2 , and all of them present a progressively decreasing tendency with the increase of the doping concentration, covering a range from 1.28 eV to 0 eV. Additionally, the VBM and CBM in all configurations derive from the contribution of electrons supplied by the Te- p and Mo- d orbitals, respectively. The CDD and W suggest that the electrons in GaSe 1-x Te x /MoS 2 are moved from the GaSe 1-x Te x to the MoS 2 layer, yet the impact of Te doping on the charge distribution at the interface is quite tenuous. Moreover, the increase in Te doping concentration improves the probability of photogenerated electron and hole desynchronization, and the larger VBOs and CBOs in the interlayers of GaSeT 0.33 /MoS 2 and GaSeB 0.33 /MoS 2 lead to a redistribution of electrons, which is conducive to the acceleration of the efficient dissociation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Comparing with the monolayers, the two heterojunctions reveal the relatively wider absorption edge and enhanced light absorption ability in the lower energy visible light range, predicting the potential utilization of both in the fields of photocatalysis and solar energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yutu‐2 rover of Chang'E‐4 encountered four special rocks along its path. The onboard Visible and Near‐infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS) collected their spectral data at close range. In this work, we focus on the visible/near‐infrared image cubes captured by the VNIS. Simple classification was performed using the K‐means algorithm based on the 750/900 nm spectral ratios to highlight the surface material variations. In the case of narrow measurements of phase angle, the classification results were not significantly affected by viewing geometry. Varying degrees of dust coverage on the rock surfaces were revealed, which may be attributed to ejecta deposition and dust electrostatic levitation. The spectral shapes of the less dust‐covered surfaces indicated that these rocks are dominated by mafic materials, suggesting they may not originate from the lunar upper crust. The influence of dust coverage on spectral measurement of rocks was also confirmed, which significantly attenuates the absorption depths. Plain Language Summary: The Chang'E‐4 (CE‐4) mission is the first probe to successfully land on the lunar farside. The rover of CE‐4 mission, Yutu‐2, has come across four curious rocks during its exploration. To reveal their compositions, Yutu‐2 rover conducted close investigations and captured their spectral images using the onboard Visible and Near‐infrared Imaging Spectrometer instrument (VNIS). We analyzed these data and found an interesting phenomenon that these rock surfaces are partly covered by lunar dust. Dust coverage obscures the information from the rocks themselves, making it difficult to decipher the rock compositions if not carefully handled. Fortunately, benefiting from the spatial insight provided by the VNIS, we analyzed the areas with less dust coverage on rock surfaces and determined that these rocks are likely dominated by mafic materials, suggesting that they may not originate from the lunar upper crust. Key Points: The spectral variations of the rock surfaces are revealed using the visible/near‐infrared image cubes collected by the Chang'E‐4 (CE‐4) roverThe four rocks encountered by the CE‐4 rover may be all dominated by mafic materials but with different degrees of dust coverageThe absorption depths of the rock surface spectra in the field of view are significantly attenuated as a result of dust coverage [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol optical depth from different satellite sensors are widely used to estimate surface PM2.5 concentrations. However, these products generally have coarse resolutions, limiting the ability to evaluate PM2.5 concentrations in urban regions where the human activities are relatively high. This study first develops an ensemble machine learning approach to produce PM2.5 concentrations with an extremely high spatial resolution of 250 m, based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements of top-of-atmosphere reflectance and related meteorological variables. The Yangtze River Delta region, with one of the highest levels of PM2.5 pollution in China, is the study region chosen. The model shows a very high and stable performance with a coefficient of determination ($R^{2}$) of 0.90, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of $12.0~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ , a mean prediction error (MPE) of $7.8~\mu \text{g}/\text{m}^{3}$ , and a mean relative prediction error (RPE) 16.9% for sample-based cross validation. The model can accurately capture the distribution patterns and magnitudes of PM2.5 concentrations over the study region for seasonal mean, daily variations, and different levels of air pollution. The very high resolution of the model has the advantage of capturing the uneven spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentrations at small spatial scales and identifying small areas with very high PM2.5 concentrations, offering a possible approach for locating the sources of PM2.5 emissions. In general, the model developed here estimates very well PM2.5 concentrations at a very high spatial resolution, providing detailed information, useful for air-pollution-related studies, as well as pollution monitoring and evaluation by governments, especially in urban and urban-center areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the relationship between the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Prostate cancer-associated transcription factors 14 (PCAT14) and the clinical characteristics of prostate cancer and immune cell infiltration. Methods. The relationship between PCAT14 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer was analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the value of PCAT14 as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. The relationship between PCAT14 and immune cell infiltration was analyzed to explore the effect of PCAT14 on the immune-related functions of prostate cancer. Results. The ROC curve showed that PCAT14 had a significant diagnostic ability (area under curve = 0.818) for prostate cancer. A reduced expression of PCAT14 in prostate cancer was related to T stage, N stage, primary therapy outcome, residual tumor, Gleason score, and age. The expression of PCAT14 was independently associated with the progression-free interval in prostate cancer patients. The infiltration of immune cells in prostate cancer showed a significant negative correlation between the expression of PCAT14 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, activated dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and neutrophils. Conclusions. PCAT14 is highly expressed in prostate cancer and is expected to be a diagnostic marker. PCAT14 might promote the development of prostate cancer through chemokines, antimicrobials, and cytokines that affect the infiltration of immune cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperspectral image fusion aims to generate a high-resolution hyperspectral image by utilizing a low-resolution hyperspectral image and a high-resolution multispectral image. Inspired by model-based image fusion method, we propose a new image fusion network which use deep prior information as spatial guide information. Our fusion network is mainly obtained by the following steps: First, we propose a fusion model which use spatial information as regularization term. Second, we use half splitting quadratic method to solve the improved fusion model. Third, we interpret the model with a network structure. In the network, we use encoding-decoding structure to construct the spatial regularization term. Finally, in order to ensure both spectral and spatial information contained in each iteration can be fully utilized, an aggregation module is added at the end of the network. Experimental results on three simulation data sets demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in solving the fusion problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to convert galloping-based vibration energy generated by wind flow into electricity more effectively, an innovative piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) with V-shaped windward wings is proposed and designed to evaluate its performance in this paper. The V-shaped PEH mainly consists of three components: the main cantilever beam made of an aluminum plate, a piece of macro-fiber piezoelectric composite stuck to the end of the main cantilever beam as the key element of energy harvesting, and a pair of V-shaped windward wings as the structure of the bluff body to produce stronger and more regular vortices in wind flow. Wind tunnel experiments are conducted to evaluate its performance of the output voltages, and the results confirm that the angles of V-shaped wings have dramatically affected the behavior of energy harvesting. A pair of 60° angles was confirmed as the optimal angle for this V-shaped PEH, which can achieve the peak-to-peak value of alternating current voltage (VAC-PP) of more than 100 V when the wind velocity is 10 m/s. Subsequently, the fully fluid–solid-electric coupling for this corresponding two dimensional model is simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics, which expounds the mechanism of swing for this V-shaped PEH under the galloping-based vibration, as well as verifies the rationality of the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote the utilization efficiency of solar energy, a one‐step strategy to fabricate 2D/2D Z‐scheme BiOCl/g‐C3N4 nanosheets (BiOCl/CNs) heterojunction through the in‐situ growth of BiOCl on CNs was studied. Here, we report that ultrathin CNs with wrinkled surface are prepared by a rapid cooling method. The wrinkled surface of CNs provided more active sites for BiOCl to anchor on it thus facilitating the formation of the tight heterojunction structure via a solvothermal process. The as‐prepared BiOCl/CNs hybrid photocatalysts was confirmed by various physicochemical characterizations. The results showed the uniform distribution of BiOCl nanoflakes on g‐C3N4 nanosheets and formation of 2D/2D Z‐scheme heterojunction structure. The as‐prepared BiOCl/CNs‐5 photocatalyst displays extraordinarily photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic degradation of RhB and Cr(VI) reduction under visible light irradiation, about 94 % RhB and 93 % Cr(VI) was degraded in 100 min. The remarkable photocatalytic properties were attributed to the Z‐scheme hierarchical structure, large specific surface and efficient charge carrier separation. Furthermore, the Z‐scheme photocatalytic reaction mechanism was presented to elucidate the improved photocatalytic activity of BiOCl/CNs photocatalyst. The photodegradation of phenol and radical species trapping experiments were conducted to prove the formation of Z‐scheme. This work provides a facile route for the construction of g‐C3N4 based Z‐scheme structure photocatalyst for efficient visible light photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric cantilever beams, which have simple structures and excellent mechanical/electrical coupling characteristics, are widely applied in energy harvesting. When the piezoelectric cantilever beam is in a wind field, we should consider not only the influence of the wind field on piezoelectric beam but also the electromechanical coupling effect on it. In this paper, we design and test a wind-induced flag-swing piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). The piezoelectric cantilever beam may vibrate in the wind field by affixing a flexible ribbon to the free end as the windward structure. To fulfill the goal of producing electricity, the flexible ribbon can swing the piezoelectric cantilever in a wind-induced unstable condition. The experimental findings demonstrate that the flag-swing PEH performs well in energy harvesting when the wind field is excited. When the wind speed is 15 m/s, the peak-to-peak output AC voltage may reach 13.88 V. In addition, the voltage at both ends of the closed-loop circuit's external resistance is examined. The maximum electric power of the PEH may reach 43.4 μW with an external resistance of 650 kΩ. After passing through the AC-DC conversion circuit, the flag-swing PEH has a steady DC voltage output of 1.67 V. The proposed energy harvester transforms wind energy from a wind farm into electrical energy for supply to low-power electronic devices, allowing for the creation and use of green energy to efficiently address the issue of inadequate energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-resolution optical cameras have always been important scientific payloads in Mars exploration missions, which can obtain detailed images of Martian surface for the study of geomorphology, topography and geological structure. At present, there are still many challenges for Mars high-resolution images in terms of global coverage, stereo coverage (especially for colour images), and data processing methods. High Resolution Imaging Camera (HiRIC) is a high-quality, multi-mode, multi-functional, multi-spectral remote sensing camera that is suitable for the deep space developed for China's first Mars Exploration Mission (Tianwen-1), which was successfully launched in July 2020. Here we design special experiments based on the in-orbit detection conditions of Tianwen-1 mission to comprehensively verify the detection capability and the performance of HiRIC, from the aspects of image motion compensation effect, focusing effect, image compression quality, and data preprocessing accuracy. The results showed that the performance status of HiRIC meets the requirements of obtaining high resolution images on the Martian surface. Furthermore, proposals for HiRIC in-orbit imaging strategy and data processing are discussed to ensure the acquisition of high-quality HiRIC images, which is expected to serve as a powerful complementation to the current Mars high-resolution images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The small sample problem has always been a serious challenge in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. In order to obtain satisfactory results when the training samples are insufficient, the information around the training samples should be fully utilized. In this paper, we focus on small sample learning and propose a novel composite kernel learning network (CKLNet) for HSI classification. First, principal component analysis and extended morphological analysis are utilized to extract features. Then, we introduce generalized kernel method into deep learning technology. The spatial-spectral composite kernel learning (SSCKL) module is developed to construct discriminative and robust spatial-spectral generalized kernel features. In the process of constructing kernel features, the deep correlation information between samples is extracted simultaneously. The kernel hyperparameters in SSCKL are automatically learnt through backpropagation, thus avoiding the need to spend a lot of time on cross-validation. Finally, inspired by U-Net, a global-local feature extraction (GLFE) module is designed to extract spatial features of different scales. A set of classification probability maps can be obtained by the 1 × 1 convolutional layer in the GLFE module. Experimental results on three widely used datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CKLNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tianwen-1 mission is China's first Mars exploration mission. To complete the scientific objectives of "orbiting, landing, and patrolling" in one mission, thirteen instruments for acquiring multi-disciplinary data are configured. The data products with rich ancillary data and flexible structures will facilitate the data application. To integrate the requirements of experts from disparate disciplines and leverage new information technologies, a complete redesign of data products is promoted in the Tianwen-1 mission. We discuss the whole process of data product generation from the data pipeline design to data validation. We design the various data products according to the application requirements of each data type, including radar echo data, spectrum data, image data, energy spectrum data, magnetic field data, meteorological data, and acoustic data. Since various error sources will exist in the generation chain of the data products, data validation is essential before release to the public; the validation activities are discussed at the end. We deliver these scientific products to the community in a timely manner, with ancillary information and quality information. This paper can provide practical reference for Tianwen-1 data application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Incorporating piezo-response into photocatalysis holds great promise for eco-friendly strategies in environmental remediation and sustainable energy conversion. Herein, flexible N -defect nanoporous g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (NPCNs) was prepared via one-step method, then whose surface was protonated. And existed dense 1T/2H phase and vertical interfaces in non-layer-dependent-piezo-response sailboat-like-MoS 2 (Sv-MS) formed by in-situ stresses during nucleation and growth by experiments and MD-simulations. Noble-metal-free Z-scheme PC/VM heterojunction with broad-spectrum absorption, enhanced piezo-response and intimate triple-interface was established by electrostatic self-assembly, performing efficient hybrid-driven piezo-photocatalysis. With a systematic modification of morphology, grain size, phase composition, and surface condition of the components, the optimal PC(3.6H)/VM(u2) exhibited high piezo-photocatalytic rates for degradation of organic dyes and antibiotic (RhB (0.565 min-1), MO (0.052 min-1), MB (1.557 min-1), TC (0.062 min-1)) and hydrogen evolution (3528 μmolg-1h-1) under visible-light and ultrasonic-wave, with maintenance under NIR-light (λ max = 1000 nm) attributed to up-conversion effect (RhB: 0.212 min-1, H 2 : 2355 μmolg-1h-1). Furthermore, the piezo-photocatalytic mechanism was proposed by experiments and DFT-calculations for effective triple-interface Z-Scheme charge migration. This work provides a rational protocol for constructing diverse-energy-triggered, multiple-interfaces and broad-solar-spectrum (UV–Vis-NIR) piezo-photocatalysts in degradation and hydrogen evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLet H be a subgroup of a finite group G. We say that H satisfies the partial Π -property in G if there exists a chief series ΓG:1=G0G such that for every G-chief factor Gi/Gi−1 (1≤i≤n) of ΓG, |G/Gi−1:NG/Gi−1(HGi−1/Gi−1∩Gi/Gi−1)| is a π(HGi−1/Gi−1∩Gi/Gi−1) -number. In this paper, we study the influence of some second minimal or second maximal subgroups of a Sylow subgroup satisfying the partial Π -property on the structure of a finite group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A u-shaped residual network was proposed to rapidly and accurately recognize microstructure. • Tesseract-ocr and OpenCV were applied to obtain non-pixel-level digitized information on fine features such as grain boundary length and phase boundary length. • Based on the fine feature data, the relationships between mechanical properties and the fine microstructural features were established by using the random forest algorithm. Traditional metallographic characterization of steel microstructure can only roughly determine average grain size and phase fractions because it relies too much on researchers' personal experiences. As a result, when the microstructure-property relationships are to be established, only the rough microstructural features can be taken into accounts, which is usually incapable of grasping the correct strengthening and toughening mechanisms. To solve this long-existed problem, an integrated system with the microstructural perception by deep learning (DL) and prediction of mechanical properties by machine learning (ML) was developed, which can quickly and precisely recognize typical ferrite-pearlite microstructures in the most used hot rolled plain carbon steels and make the predictions of their mechanical properties. In the microstructural perception, a U-shaped residual network was proposed to implement deep learning of metallographic images to obtain digital information such as the size and distribution of grains and the lengths of grain and second phase boundaries. As compared to the conventional deep learning algorithm, the pixel accuracy (PA) and frequency weighted intersection over union (FWIoU) of predictions were improved by 2.84% and 5.27%, respectively. On this basis, the relationships between mechanical properties and the detailed microstructural features were established by using the random forest (RF) algorithm. Compared with the predictions by rough features of average grain size and phase fractions, the root mean square errors (RMSE) of the yield strength (YS), tensile strength (TS), and elongation (EL) based on the test data were reduced by 71.53%, 67.51% and 53.4%, respectively. By using the accurate perceptron for microstructure and properties, changes of strengths and elongations with processing parameters and chemical compositions were analyzed in good agreement with physical laws. Also, this perceptron can be extended to high strength steels with microstructures comprised of ferrite and bainite or complex phases if the data of metallographic images and properties are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on the enhanced channel attention network. The vibration signals are collected via a wireless sensor node, which are input to the neural network, and channel attention block is used to strengthen the assignment of important features, so that the attention of network is paid onto the critical fault information. Furthermore, channel attention block and residual convolution block are combined to form an enhanced channel attention network to extract the detail features. Experiment results show that the model can achieve 100% recognition accuracy for rolling bearings in various working conditions. It is also shown that the proposed new learning algorithm can provide a higher diagnosis accuracy than those state-of-the-arts in a strong disturbance environment, which reflects better robustness and generalisation ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the differences in oral function and psychological well-being between patients with PTC after the gasless transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (gasless-TOETVA) and patients with PTC after open surgery. Methods: PTC patients who underwent radical surgery from May 2021 to August 2022 were included in this study. Postoperative data on oral function and psychological well-being, including the Oral Health Impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y, were collected and analyzed. Results: 212 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 102 patients who received gasless-TOETVA were assigned to the gasless-TOETVA group, while the remaining 110 patients who underwent open surgery were categorized as the open group. Although the OHIP-14 score in the gasless-TOETVA group was higher than that of the open group from 6 months to 1 year after surgery (p = 0.012), the difference in OHIP-14 scores between the two groups disappeared 1 year after surgery (p = 0.155). There were no differences between the gasless-TOETVA group and the open group in state-anxiety scores. However, the gasless-TOETVA group had significantly lower trait-anxiety scores than the open group at all follow-up time periods. Furthermore, within the gasless-TOETVA group, patients who were more than 1 year post-surgery showed significantly increased trait-anxiety scores compared to those of patients who were less than 1 year post-surgery (Δ = 3.4; p = 0.032). In contrast, the open group showed a decreasing trend in trait-anxiety scores, but there was no statistically significant difference between patients who had surgery less than 1 year ago and those who had surgery more than 1 year ago (Δ = − 2.2; p = 0.094). Conclusion: Gasless TOETVA had a temporary impact on oral function, but it did not alleviate the state of anxiety. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in trait-anxiety scores among PTC patients who underwent gasless-TOETVA after 1 year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes are great catalysts for MgH 2 hydrogen storage material. Nevertheless, the synthesis of MXenes needs a large quantity of corrosive HF solution to remove the Al layers from the MAX materials, which is harmful to the environment. In this work, TiNbAlC MAX was employed without HF-treatment to tailor the hydrogen storage of MgH 2. The MgH 2 + 10 wt% TiNbAlC composite was prepared by ball milling. The addition of 10 wt% TiNbAlC greatly reduces the onset temperature of MgH 2 desorption from 332 °C to 197 °C. The composite can desorb 6.2 wt% of H 2 in 10 min at a constant temperature of 300 °C. Moreover, the dehydrided MgH 2 + 10 wt% TiNbAlC composite can start to absorb hydrogen at room temperature under a H 2 pressure of 6 MPa. The hydrogen desorption activation energy of the composite was calculated by Kissinger's method to be 101 kJ mol−1. Microstructures studies demonstrated that TiNbAlC will partially react with MgH 2 /H 2 to form TiH 1.971 , which can act as a "hydrogen pump" to facilitate the hydrogen sorption of MgH 2. This work suggests that MAX materials are good catalysts for hydrogen storage of MgH 2 and provides new insight into the role of MAX phase in tailoring the hydrogen storage of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. [Display omitted] • TiNbAlC can significantly enhance the hydrogen storage of MgH 2. • Enhancing effect of TiNbAlC is comparable to many MXenes • TiNbAlC partially transform to active TiH 1.971. • TiH 1.971 acts as a "hydrogen pump" for hydrogen sorption of MgH 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case study of a 35-year-old man with a history of uraemia who presented with increased tumor marker levels. The patient underwent both [18F]F-FDG PET/CT and [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 total-body PET/CT scans. The [18F]F-FDG PET/CT showed increased FDG uptake in osteogenic destructive bones and extensive calcification, while the [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT revealed FAPI uptake in the same lesions as well as additional abnormal foci. The study suggests that FAPI PET/CT may be superior to FDG PET/CT in diagnosing and assessing kidney fibrosis and related calcium phosphorus metabolism disorders in chronic kidney disease. [Extracted from the article]

• A facile approach is exploited to modify the crystallinity and surface properties of TiO 2. • The solvothermal route is used to incorporate TiO 2 into Fe 2 O 3 QDs/g-C 3 N 4 , resulting in the formation of surface flaws, lattice oxygen-activated regions, and an indirect z-scheme system through the adjustment of band alignment. • The electron-hole pair is efficiently separated, conserving the electron reduction capability and the electron oxidation capability of the hole. • Major active species for the photocatalytic degradation identified as the h + and •O 2 −. This study reported the fabrication of TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 ternary Z-scheme photocatalyst via low-temperature calcination followed by a nonaqueous route with tunable particle size and strong interfacial contact. The subsequent Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 and TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 were investigated in terms of structure, morphology, optical properties, and surface chemical composition analysis via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The crystalline nature of the samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HRTEM. Under visible light, the photocatalytic capabilities of as-fabricated TiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 /g-C 3 N 4 were examined by degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), and an enhancement in photocatalytic efficacy was found. TiO 2 works as a primary photosensitizer, providing extra photoinduced electrons, while Fe 2 O 3 acts as a "bridge" for electron transport from the TiO 2 moiety to the g-C 3 N 4 thereby establishing an indirect charge transport pathway based on the Z-scheme. Radical scavenging tests were conducted to further explore the cause of increased activity and degradation mechanisms. The proposed technique might be a viable option for the removal of rhodamine b compounds and remedying freshwater reservoirs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron oxide structure has an important impact on the surface quality of steel, and the experimental segmentation and identification of iron oxide structure can provide help for statistical and modeling studies of iron oxide. In this paper, the images of the oxide scale structure were used to establishing a dataset, and a segmentation model was established, which was based on U-net combined with VGG16 and SENet. The results of precision statistics show that the value of PA, commonly used in the evaluation of image segmentation with the optimized U-Net was 91.56%, which was much higher than the values recognized by Deeplab V3 + , FCN-8 s, and original U-Net under the same training conditions. Based on the optimized U-Net identification network, a variety of numerical information was extracted from oxide scale images, such as the thickness range of the iron oxide scale, phase ratio of oxides, and grain size of proeutectoid Fe3O4 formed in FeO. This network can be used to calculate the structural proportion of the deformed oxide scale, further define the relationship between the proportion and its unit size, which would provide sufficient convenience and support in using images of Fe oxide structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the only natural satellite of the earth, the Moon has always been the first choice for human exploration of the solar system. China's lunar exploration project (Chang'e project) was launched in 2004. At present, it has created a perfect end to the three phases of "orbiting, landing and returning". A series of remarkable research achievements have been made on the basic issues of current lunar scientific research, such as the Earth-Moon space environment, lunar surface material, morphology, geological structure, lunar subsurface and internal structure, and the origin and evolution of the Moon, further deepening the human understanding of the Moon. This paper briefly reviews the development process of China's lunar exploration project, summarizes the main research results and scientific understanding, and finally prospects to the future development of China's lunar and planetary exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing airflow into the low-intensity dry magnetic separator (LIDMS) is an effective means to improve the separating efficiency of ferromagnetic particles under dry conditions. In this study, a multi-physical coupling model was established to compare the separating performance of LIDMS under four typical air supply modes. The result shows that Mode D can maximize the competing force along the normal direction of the drum due to the vertically outward air supply mode, and its separating performance is the best, especially for the particles with a fine diameter. The mechanism of airflow under different modes which enhances the LIDMS is expounded by analyzing the characteristics of the magnetic field and the flow field and calculating the forces on particles with various properties. We expect that this study could provide a reference for the dry separation of magnetic minerals and the development or optimization of LIDMS under airflow conditions. [Display omitted] • The performance of magnetic separation under different air supply modes is compared. • A multi-physical model is established to simulate the magnetic separation process. • The difference in separation performance is explained by analyzing the flow field and forces on particles. • The airflow in a normal direction can maximize the dry magnetic separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most important energy sources for the future. Safe, large-scale storage of hydrogen contributes to the commercial development of the hydrogen industry. Use of bedded salt caverns for natural gas storage in China provides a new option for underground hydrogen storage (UHS). In this study, the physical properties of multicomponent gases in UHS and salt rock are reviewed and discussed, along with the flow of hydrogen in the surrounding salt rock. Mathematical models of the two-phase multicomponent flow of the gas–brine system in the UHS were established. A numerical model of a simplified elliptical salt cavern was built to simulate the migration of the gas–brine system in the UHS. The hydrogen tightness of the UHS was evaluated through simulation with different storage strategies, salt rock and interlayer permeabilities, and gas components. The results indicate that: (1) Cyclic injection and withdrawal facilitate hydrogen leakage, which is accelerated by increasing the frequency. (2) The huff-n-puff of hydrogen gas in the injection and withdrawal cycles forces the gas into pore space and enhances the relative permeability of the gas phase. The migration of hydrogen and brine weakens the hydrogen tightness. Brine saturation is an important index for evaluating the hydrogen tightness of UHS. (3) The leakage rate of UHS increases with an increase in the permeability of the salt rock and interlayer and the total thickness of the interlayers. The average permeability K wa weighted by the thickness of layers for the bedded salt formation is proposed to integrate three variables to facilitate field application of the simulation results. The critical K wa is less than 3.02 × 10−17 m2 if the recommended annual hydrogen leakage rate is less than 1%. (4) The difference between hydrogen and other gas species is another important factor in the leakage rate and should be considered. This study provides theoretical guidance for evaluating the feasibility of UHS in salt caverns and site selection in China. • Two-phase multicomponent flow of gas and brine was simulated to evaluate H 2 tightness of salt cavern. • Cyclic injection and withdrawal facilitated hydrogen leakage. • A critical average permeability weighted by thickness of layers was proposed for H 2 storage sites selection. • The effect of gas species on gas leakage was not negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High-temperature fatigue crack growth (FCG) characteristics of IN718 Ni-based alloy after laser peening (LP) were investigated. • The residual stress relaxation and micro-structure evolution of the samples at high temperature after LP were analyzed. • The CRS can reduce the ΔK of the crack tip, which is an important reason for decreasing FCG rate of IN718 Ni-based alloy. • The strengthening mechanism of LP on the high-temperature FCG resistance of IN718 Ni-based alloy was discussed. The characteristics of fatigue crack growth (FCG) of laser peened IN718 Ni-based alloy at high temperature with different laser power densities were studied. The residual stress relaxation and micro-structure evolution of the samples at high temperature after laser peening (LP) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Meanwhile, SEM was used to characterize the fracture morphologies of the samples. The strengthening mechanism of LP on the high-temperature FCG resistance of IN718 Ni-based alloy was discussed. The results showed that large compressive residual stress, fine grains and complex grain boundaries induced by LP could significantly enhance the resistance of FCG at 700 °C. As a result, the FCG rate was decreased and fatigue life of the sample was increased. In addition, the laser power density was found to be inversely proportional to the average spacing of fatigue striations and directly proportional to the size and depth of dimples, which indicated that the increase in laser power density can improve the high-temperature FCG resistance of IN718 Ni-based alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine concentration of different antibiotics, a absorption device based on one-step transfer of graphene was designed and fabricated. The transmission spectrum of the resonant cavity is simulated and measured by using a terahertz time domain spectroscopy system, and the characteristic resonance frequency shift is observed. It is found that different concentrations of samples will lead to the blue shift of the resonant position of graphene-metamaterial absorber, and the degree of blue shift is directly proportional to the concentration of antibiotics. It provides evidence that the terahertz spectroscopy based on a metamaterial absorber may be used to develop a method for the determination of macrocyclic antibiotics. • Characterization of antibiotic concentration by one-step transfer graphene metamaterial absorber. • Graphene-metamaterial heterostructure is realized by transferring graphene to absorbing materials. • The degree of formant blue shift can be used to characterize the concentration of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working principle diagram of graphene-metamaterial heterojunction in terahertz reflection mode. Graphene was combined with metamaterials for detection. Transfer the monolayer graphene to the top of the metamaterial absorbing material. The transmission spectrum of the resonant cavity is simulated and measured by terahertz time domain spectroscopy system, and the obvious resonant frequency shift is observed. [Display omitted] • 1. A kind of metamaterial absorber (the basic unit of the absorber is composed of gold-high resistance silicon-aluminum three-layer structure) is designed. • 2. The graphene-metamaterial absorber heterostructure has higher detection sensitivity for molecules with π electrons. The interaction between the terahertz wave propagating in free space and the sample is weak, which leads to the weak signal of the sample, which cannot meet the detection needs of trace samples. In order to meet the detection of trace samples, a kind of metamaterial absorber (the basic unit of the absorber is composed of gold-high resistance silicon-aluminum three-layer structure) is designed, and the monolayer graphene is transferred on the surface of the metamaterial absorber to construct the graphene-metamaterial absorber heterostructure. The transmission spectrum of the resonant cavity is simulated and measured by terahertz time domain spectroscopy system, and the obvious resonance frequency shift is observed. The results show that the graphene-metamaterial absorber heterostructure can detect josamycin antibiotic solution with concentration of 0.02 mg/L (the mass of josamycin is 0.2 ng). Compared with using the same structure metamaterial absorber to detect josamycin antibiotics, the sensitivity is increased by an order of magnitude. Using graphene-metamaterial heterostructure to detect the relative change of heterostructure reflectivity caused by josamycin antibiotics can reach 40%. The research in this paper provides a new technical means for accurate and rapid detection in terahertz band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the first effort in literature, this paper conducts pore scale modeling on the methane hydrate dissociation and transportation in the reconstructed three-dimensional models of the MH-bearing sediment. The porous MH sample is synthesized using excess-gas method and imaged by micro-CT, which is used as input for the reconstructed mesh models. The real-time distribution of MH & water & methane, velocity and temperature is investigated. The effects of the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the injected water on MH dissociation and transportation are simulated and discussed. The results indicate that: 1) The hydrate generated by the excess - gas method is mainly cementing and mineral-coating on the sands surface, and occupies the small pores firstly. 2) The heterogeneity of the porous MH sediments is one of the key factors which influences the dissociation and the transportation process of the MH. 3) A lack of heat supply will restrict the dissociating rate of the MH reaching the maximum under the given PT conditions. 4) The gathering of the gas will decrease the flowing capacity of both water and methane. This study provides a new method to predict the multiple physicochemical and thermodynamical properties of the porous MH bearing sediments. • Pore scale MH dissociation and transportation in the real-shape porous media is modeled. • Real-time phase-change, multiphase flow, heat & mass transfer in porous media are studied. • Absolute and dynamic permeability of water & methane in the MH samples are predicted. • New method to predict petrophysical-thermal properties of MH sediments is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The piezo-response of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide(MoS 2) only exists at the edge of odd-number layers. It's crucial to design reasonable micro/nano-structures and construct tight interfaces to weaken layer-dependence, enhance energy harvesting, charge transfer and active sites exposure to improve piezoelectricity. The novel sailboat-like-vertical-MoS 2 -nanosheets(SVMS), in which abundant vertical MoS 2 nanosheets(∼20 nm, 1–5 layers) are uniformly distributed on horizontal substrate of MoS 2 , with abundant vertical interfaces and controllable phase composition are prepared by facile method. The larger geometric-asymmetry enhances mechanical energy capture. Experiment and theory revealed the enhanced in-/out-of-plane polarization, higher piezo-response in multi-directions and abundant active edge sites of SVMS, thereby eliminating the layer-dependence and generating higher piezo-potential. Cooperating with the Mo-S bonds at vertical interfaces, free electrons-holes are efficiently separated and migrated. The piezo-degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB) and hydrogen evolution rate under ultrasonic/stirring are 0.16 min−1 and 1598 μmolg−1h−1 for SVMS(2H) with the highest piezo-response (under ultrasonic wave, stirring and water flow), which are over 1.6 and 3.1 times than few-layer MoS 2 nanosheets. 94% RhB(500 mL) is degraded under water-flow(60 min). The mechanism was proposed. Overall, the design of SVMS with enhanced piezoelectricity was studied and modulated by regulating microstructure and phase composition, which has excellent application potential in fields of environment, energy and novel materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed multi‐sensor fusion based on the generalised covariance intersection (GCI) fusion has been widely integrated into the Random Finite Set theory, which is promising for multi‐target tracking with an unknown number of targets. However, it has not been widely investigated in the multiple extend target tracking (METT) field, and there is still an open problem on how to solve the inconsistency of label space among the sensors. For these problems, we first introduce the GCI fusion into the METT and proposed an association algorithm by considering the estimated shapes and the target positions to avoid the phenomenon of the label inconsistency as well as to reduce the computational burden. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a better tracking performance than the traditional METT algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]