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Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of split size (small vs. large splits) and odd–even congruency (parity congruency vs. parity incongruency) of answers on arithmetical equation processing. Event-related potentials were recorded from 18 students in a first-answer-then-equation presentation mode. The ERP results showed that the odd–even congruency had a significant effect on the late positive wave in the small, but not the large split, with a late positive slow wave elicited by the small-split and the odd–even congruent conditions. This result suggests that the split effect has priority over parity congruency when both split and parity are at play simultaneously. Specifically, in non-retrieval arithmetic verification tasks, parity is modulated in cases where a direct judgment cannot be reached simply by depending on the split information. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A high optical quality erbium doped Lu2SiO5 single crystal has been grown by the Czochralski method. The distribution coefficient of Er3+ was measured to be ∼0.926. The absorption and emission spectra as well as the fluorescence decay curve of the excited state 4I13/2 were measured at room temperature. The spectroscopic parameters were calculated using the Judd–Ofelt theory, and the J–O parameters Ω 2 , Ω 4 and Ω 6 were found to be 4.451×10-20, 1.614×10-20 and 1.158×10-20 cm2, respectively. The room-temperature fluorescence lifetime of the Er3+ 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition was measured to be 7.74ms. The absorption and emission cross-section as well as the gain cross-section in the eye-safe regime of 1400–1700nm were also determined and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nanorod spinel MnFe2O4 was synthesized by seed–hydrothermal route (combine hydrothermal method with seed growth method). XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDX and VSM were used to investigate the characters of the MnFe2O4. The obtained ferrite exhibited a uniform nanorod shape with 25–40nm in diameter and 300–400nm in length. The formation of the nanorod ferrite was explained as the inducement of seed, and the temperature of synthesizing 1-D ferrite by this method was lower than that without seed. All elements distributed equably along the rod axis. The crystal structure of obtained MnFe2O4 was high symmetry and partial of spinel inversion. In addition, the as-prepared ferrite showed a high saturation magnetization (M s =72.45emug−1) at room temperature and had a high photocatalytic activity (67.18%) to Methylene blue (MB). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The rod-shaped La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) nanorods are prepared by a simple solid-state route, in which KMnO4 and MnCl2 are used as raw materials to prepare the precursor of MnO2 fibres. The diameter of as-obtained LSMO rods is about 50nm and their length longer than 10μm. We found that there is a close relation between morphology and the conditions of synthesis for LSMO preparing by MnO2 fibres as seeds. The process of the rods growth is observed by calcining the samples at different temperatures and periods of time. In the rods growth process, many small aggregates formed containing large numbers of rods in a low temperature (lower than 950°C). These aggregates then broke up to form a large number of individual LSMO rods (950°C, 5h). Finally, the rods changed into cubic particles with prolonging treatment time to more than 5h at 950°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence time of a mixed sesquioxide Nd:LuYO 3 ceramic were measured at room temperature. Judd-Ofelt theory was applied to calculate the spectral parameters of Nd:LuYO 3. The absorption cross section at 812 nm was calculated to be 0.99 × 10−20 cm2 with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 47.69 nm. The emission cross-section at 1077 nm was calculated to be 5.24 × 10−20 cm2 with FWHM of 11.62 nm. The fluorescence lifetime and quantum efficiency of the 4F 3/2 multiplet were determined to be 228.4 μs and 85.2%, respectively. Continuous-wave (CW) laser operation of Nd:LuYO 3 ceramic was demonstrated. Simultaneous laser operation at 1075.24 and 1080.03 nm was achieved with maximum output power of 490 mW and slope efficiency of 6.36%. • Nd:LuYO3 ceramic was fabricated by solid-state reaction. • Judd-Ofelt theory was used to analyze the spectroscopic properties of Nd:LuYO 3 ceramic. • CW laser operation was performed and output power of 490 mW at the absorbed power of 9.1 W is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel energy- and time-saving solution combustion method has been developed to prepare Eu:Y2O3 nano-crystalline phosphor. This novel method employs anhydrous ethanol as solvent and fuel. The prepared nano-crystals after heat-treatment own narrow size distribution, well dispersibility and sinterability, confirmed by XRD, TEM and FTIR. The emission spectra of nano-Eu:Y2O3 samples show clear nano-size related phenomena. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mn1− x Zn x Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 200°C for 12h and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FESEM and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The additions of Zn2+ ions content reduced the nanoparticles size. With the increase of Zn2+ ions content, the Curie temperature (T c) increased firstly and then decreased; when x=0.3 the T c reaches the maximum value (430K). The results could be explained that the Zn2+ ions changed spin ordering to increase the T c in the range of x⩽0.3, and magnetic properties were decreased because of increase of nonmagnetic Zn2+ ions in the range of x>0.3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Cr(0.1%),Yb(10%):GGG crystals have been grown by the Czochralski method. The chemical composition is: Yb0.33Gd2.47Cr0.005Ga5.2O12. There are no observed Yb3+ ions substituting Ga3+ ions, just like that of Yb:GGG crystals. The defects in Cr,Yb:GGG crystal were also investigated. The absorption and emission spectra of Cr,Yb:GGG crystal at room temperature have been measured. The O2 and H2 annealing effect of Cr,Yb:GGG crystal have been compared. Cr3+ can greatly weak the visible luminescence of this crystal. The Cr–Yb-codoped crystals may be potential materials for compact, efficient, high stability LD pumped solid state lasers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, some results on visible luminescence performed on Yb3+-doped gadolinium gallium garnets under 165 and 940nm excitation were presented. The upconversion luminescence was ascribed to Yb3+ cooperative luminescence and the presence of rare earth impurity ions. The gain cross-sections of Yb:GGG crystal as a function of excited-state population fraction β were studied. Emission spectra under 165nm at 20K showed there was no charge transfer luminescence in Yb:GGG. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, single crystal of ytterbium (Yb) doped Ca5(PO4)3F (FAP) has been grown along the c-axis by using the Czochralski method. The segregation coefficients of Yb3+ in the Yb:FAP crystal has been determined by ICP-AES method. The absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence lifetime of the Yb:FAP crystal has been also measured at room temperature. In the absorption spectra, there are two absorption bands at 904 and 982nm, respectively, which are suitable for InGaAs diode laser pumping. The absorption cross-section (σ abs) is 5.117×10−20 cm2 with an FWHM of 4nm at 982nm. The emission cross-section (σ em) is 3.678×10−20 cm2 at 1042nm. Favorable values of the absorption cross-section at about 982nm are promising candidates for laser diode (LD) pumping. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Measurements of the electron spin relaxation rate in charged GaAs quantum dots are made using a new nonlinear optical phase-modulation spectroscopy technique. The measured results of as a function of magnetic field and temperature are best explained in terms of the spin relaxation by the phonon-assisted Dresselhaus spin–orbit scattering. approaches 34 μs at zero magnetic field at 4.5 K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Growth-induced defects in Yb:FAP crystals grown by the Czochralski method have been investigated by optical microscopy, chemical etching, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Anisotropic etching features have been observed on two FAP crystal planes: (0001) and . The shape of etch pits on the (0001) plane is hexagonal, while the etch pits on the plane have a variety of irregular shapes. It is also found that the density of etch pit varies along the boule. Based on the experimental observations, the formation mechanisms of growth defects are discussed, and methods for reducing the growth-induced defect concentration is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A large and transparent Yb:FAP crystal with dimensions up to ∅30mm×85mm has been grown by the Czochralski method. The preparation of the raw material has been investigated. X-ray power diffraction studies of Yb:FAP crystal confirm that the as-grown crystal is isostructural with the FAP crystal. The crystalline quality has been studied using X-ray rocking curve analysis. The segregation coefficient of Yb3+ in the Yb:FAP crystal has been also determined. Linear thermal expansion coefficients in [001] and [100] directions have been measured in the 30–800°C temperature range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Yb (10%):GGG and Yb (30%): GGG crystals have been grown by the Czochralski method. The chemical compositions are: Yb1.07Gd1.74Ga5.19O12 and Yb0.33Gd2.47Ga5.2O12. The absorption and emission spectra of Yb:GGG crystal at room temperature have been measured. The spectroscopic parameters of Yb:GGG and Yb:YAG have been compared. Optical absorption spectra of Yb:GGG show 4f–4f transitions related to Gd3+ ion around 300nm, and also an onset of charge transfer (CT) transitions from oxygen ligands to Gd3+ or Yb3+ cations below 240nm.The CT absorption of Yb3+ is largely overlapped by that of Gd3+ ions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Yb: YAlO3 (YAP) (15at%) and Yb: Y3Al5O12 (YAG)(15at%) have been grown using the Czochralski method. Their absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured at room temperature and important spectroscopic parameters were calculated. Through the comparison of spectroscopic parameters of Yb:YAP and Yb: YAG, all results indicate that 15at% Yb:YAP crystal is a potential candidate used for compact, efficient thin chip lasers when the laser output wavelength is 1012 or 1038nm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The high optical quality Tm: YAG single crystals with dopant concentrations of 2, 4, 8 at % Tm3+ ions have been grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method .The segregation coefficients of Tm3+ ions in CZ-grown 2, 4, 8 at % doped Tm: YAG crystals determined by ICP-AES method are equal to 0.93, 1.04, 1.10, respectively. The absorption spectra in the range of 190–900nm and the IR absorption spectra in the range of 1000–4500cm-1 of the Tm: YAG crystals were also measured at room temperature. The results indicate that Tm: YAG is favorable for laser diode-pumped system, and air annealing can improve the quality of the Tm: YAG crystal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The high optical quality 5 at% doped Yb:YAG single crystals with diameter of 3 inches have been grown by temperature gradient technology (TGT). The segregation coefficient of Yb ions in TGT-grown 5 at% doped Yb:YAG crystals determined by ICP-AES method is equal to 1.1. The absorption spectra in the range of 190–1200 nm of TGT-grown Yb:YAG crystals were also measured at the room temperature. The absorption peaks of trivalent Yb ions and the unknown color centers were found in the absorption spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We investigate the 3-player quantum Prisoner''s Dilemma with a certain strategic space, a particular Nash equilibrium that can remove the original dilemma is found. Based on this equilibrium, we show that the game is enhanced by the entanglement of its initial state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of our study was to investigate the roles of miR-760 and its potential mechanisms in HCC. The functions of miR-760 were identified and measured by MTT, colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Luciferase assay was applied to verify the direct binding of miR-760 on HMGA2 3′untranslated region (3′UTR). Then, in vitro experiment was used to investigate the biological effects of miR-760 and HMGA2. Luciferase and ChIP assays were used to detect the validity of SP1 binding sites on the miR-760 promoter. We demonstrated that miR-760 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC. Besides, HMGA2 was demonstrated as a direct target gene of miR-760. Furthermore, we found that methylation may result in the downregulation of miR-760, and SP1 could inhibit the transcription of miR-760. Our study demonstrated that SP1/miR-760/HMGA2 may serve as a molecular regulatory axis for HCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumorigenesis. miR-216b can play a vital role in the genesis and development of gastric cancer (GC), and its molecular mechanisms require further elucidation. The biological effects of miR-216b in GC cells were investigated by MTT, transwell assays, and cell cycle. Western blot and luciferase assay were performed to demonstrate the direct binding of miR-216b on PXN 3′UTR. Furthermore, MTT, colony formation assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometry analysis, as well as xenograft mice model, were used to measure the effects of miR-216b-PXN on GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion indicated by in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that miR-216b acted as a tumor suppressor in GC progression. miR-216b overexpression suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays identified paxillin (PXN) as a novel target gene of miR-216b. PXN overexpression could partially rescue miR-216b-induced the inhibitory effects in GC cells. Besides, overexpression of miR-216b contributed to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling via partly regulating PXN in GC cells. The above results showed that miR-216b could offer a novel therapeutic avenue by targeting PXN in GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tm3+-doped CaY 0.9 Lu 0.1 AlO 4 single crystal was successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The crystal structure, polarized absorption spectra and polarized emission spectra of Tm:CaY 0.9 Lu 0.1 AlO 4 crystals were investigated. By using the Judd–Ofelt approach, the intensity parameters Ω 2,4,6 , spontaneous transition rate, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes were calculated. Diode-end-pumped continuous-wave Tm:CaY 0.9 Lu 0.1 AlO 4 lasers have also been investigated by establishing a simple and compact plane-concave cavity with four differently coated output couplers. Four different lasing wavelengths at about 2029 nm, 2000 nm, 1966 nm and 1888 nm have been achieved with maximum output power and slope efficiency of (1.98 W, 15.1%), (5.89 W, 46.2%), (6.92 W, 54.9%) and (5.54 W, 44.7%), respectively. The results in regard to the broad emission spectra and good laser performance show that the Tm:CaY 0.9 Lu 0.1 AlO 4 mixed crystal could be very promising for broadband tunable and/or femtosecond ultrafast laser generation in the important 2-μm spectral region. • Tm:CaY 0.9 Lu 0.1 AlO 4 crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. • The crystal structure, polarized spectra were investigated. • The maximum output power of 6.92 W with slope efficiency 54.9% was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with traditional ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology, the laser ultrasonics method (LU) has the advantages of high precision, non-contact, wide-band response, suitable for non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials having complex shapes or working in extreme environments such as the additive manufacturing (AM) process, etc. However, for a purely optical LU system, it is still limited by the poor reflection of rough/absorption surface of the material. In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal detected on the rough surface of a sample, and to overcome the limitation of the resolution restricted by half wavelength, a modified Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) that can be used for internal defect detection of the material is proposed. The modified SAFT is based on LU centering transmission detection and it improves the resolution of the detection system by using the characteristics of ultrasonic propagation and its mode conversion. It is firstly studied in theory with a numerical model based on finite element method (FEM), and then it is applied in experiments to reconstruct the defect according to the signals detected by LU method. In our experiment, the artificial defects buried in an AM sample with diameter from 0.2 mm to 0.75 mm are successfully characterized by the SAFT imaging of ultrasonic signals. The results prove that the position of the defect in 3D and its size can be successfully obtained by the proposed SAFT. • A modified SAFT based on centering transmission detection is proposed. • An AM sample with defect in different size is characterized by a purely optical LU system. • The position in 3D and the size of buried defects in AM sample are identified by proposed SAFT. • The resolution can be improved by using multi-mode scattering method of bulk waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation defects in gallium nitride devices were analyzed by combining experiments with simulation methods. Various forms of native defects, impurities, and these hydrogenated defect complexes in GaN were studied with first-principles calculations employing hybrid functionals which exhibit a reference data base for experimental analysis. We consider hydrogen complexes made of the combinations of single point defects (V Ga , V N), di-vacancies (V Ga -V Ga , V N -V N , V Ga -V N) and impurities (C, O, Si). Formation energies were computed for configurations with different charge states after full geometry optimizations. From the calculated formation energies, thermodynamic transition levels were evaluated, which are related to the thermal activation energies observed in experimental techniques such as deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Hydrogen interstitial atoms were identified by the combination of DLTS and first-principles calculations. The transition level measured by DLTS was E C -0.5 eV, which is consistent with the calculation value. The signal of E C -0.9 eV peak in DLTS may be consisting of [V Ga ]-3/-2 and [V N -V N ]+1/+2. According to the degradation of the electrical performance of the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors and the calculation results, the hydrogen passivation may be caused by [V Ga ]-3, [V Ga -V Ga ]-2 and [V Ga -V N ]-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm3+ doped yttria transparent ceramics (Sm x Y 1-x) 2 O 3 (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.03) were fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering method. Absorption spectra, as well as emission spectra and luminescence lifetime were carried out at room temperature. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was used to calculate the Ω t (t = 2, 4, 6) intensity parameters. The spontaneous transition probabilities, radiative lifetime, branching ratio, and stimulated emission cross-sections have been calculated for 4G 5/2 excited level. The emission cross section for the 4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2 transition at about 607 nm was calculated to be 6.73 × 10−22 cm2. The results indicate that Sm:Y 2 O 3 ceramic may be a potential reddish orange-light laser material around 607 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dongting Lake has experienced land covers changes due to extreme hydrologic events. • We use qualitative and quantitative methods for change detection in Dongting Lake. • A new change detection method Bi-SRUNet++ is proposed for change detection. • This method has the great potential to improve the accuracy of wetland change detection. • The obtained information is important for wetland management and sustainable development. The utility of semantic change detection in myriad change scenarios has garnered considerable attention in contemporary research; however, its applicability in monitoring alterations in wetland ecosystems remains incompletely elucidated. To surmount the constraints associated with binary change detection methodologies—chiefly their insufficiency in the extraction of bi-temporal attributes—we introduced the Bi-Temporal Semantic Reasoning UNet++ (Bi-SRUNet++) algorithm. This algorithm leverages the architectural strengths of UNet++ as its foundational network to precisely delineate features pertinent to multi-class change detection. As a preliminary step, the study focused on the Dongting Lake wetland in China and conducted an analysis of feature trends predicated upon the monthly Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), as derived from Landsat 8 data spanning 2021–2022. Subsequently, the optimal temporal phases for change detection were ascertained through differential analyses between NDWI and NDVI metrics. Implementing the Bi-SRUNet++ algorithm on a pair of Sentinel-2 images, captured during the optimal phases, yielded augmented change information. Comparative evaluations reveal that the Bi-SRUNet++ algorithm, conceptualized on the framework of Bi-Temporal Semantic Reasoning Network (Bi-SRNet), surpasses the performance indices of its counterpart Semantic Segmentation and Change Detection Late Fusion (SSCD-l). Furthermore, the incorporation of the UNet++ backbone network amplifies the algorithm's capacity for semantic feature extraction, thereby enhancing the efficacy of Bi-SRUNet++ in wetland change detection. The analysis divulges that the total altered area of Dongting Lake during the 2021–2022 period amounts to 1187.97 km2, comprising a water loss of 1186.16 km2, a 715.34 km2 transformation into vegetation, and a conversion of 469.96 km2 into mudflats. The codes and partial dataset in this paper are available at: https://github.com/vivianmiumiu/Bi-SRUNetplusplus-for-SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YScO 3 single crystal co-doped with Ho3+ and Pr3+ ions has been successfully grown by the Czochralaki method. The absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence decay curve were measured at room temperature. The absorption cross section of Ho,Pr:YScO 3 at 649 nm and 1130 nm was calculated to be 0.93 × 10−20 cm2 and 0.32 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was performed to evaluate the spontaneous emission probabilities and the radiative lifetimes. Ho,Pr:YScO 3 exhibited strong emission at 2040 nm and 2890 nm with a emission cross section of 0.80 × 10−21 cm2 and 1.22 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the Ho3+:5I 6 and 5I 7 levels were calculated to be 0.31 ms and 5.89 ms, respectively. All the results indicate that the Ho,Pr:YScO 3 crystal could be a potential laser material for 2.9 μm laser operation. • Ho3+,Pr3+ co-doped YScO 3 was grown by the Czochralski method. • The crystal structure, absorption and emission spectra were investigated. • The effect of Pr3+ on the spectroscopic properties of Ho3+ was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A functionalized POSS-Ti 3 C 2 T x has been prepared via a facile surface-manipulation approach. • Upon addition of 2 wt% of POSS-Ti 3 C 2 T x , a 39.1 % reduction in the peak heat release rate of PS is obtained. • A 54.4 % reduction in the peak CO production rate of PS is achieved. • The initial temperatures of PS in nitrogen and air also increase by 22 °C and 39 °C, respectively. • The good fire safety is due to the adsorption, catalytic and barrier effects of POSS-Ti 3 C 2 T x. High-performance MXene-based polymer nanocomposites are highly desirable for diverse industry applications due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal and other properties. Nevertheless, it remains an intractable challenge to create flame retardant polymer/MXene nanocomposites due to the difficulty to achieve uniform dispersion of MXenes. Here, we reported a facile strategy for the surface manipulation of two-dimensional titanium carbide nanosheets (Ti 3 C 2 T x) with 3-aminopropylheptaisobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (AP-POSS) (POSS-Ti 3 C 2 T x) through electrostatic interactions. The POSS-Ti 3 C 2 T x is steadily dispersed in many polar solvents. Upon incorporated into polystyrene (PS), the combined effect of AP-POSS and MXene makes the resultant PS nanocomposites exhibit significantly improved thermal and thermoxidative stability, e.g. 22 °C and 39 °C increases in the temperature at 5 wt% mass loss under nitrogen and air, respectively. Meanwhile, a 39.1 % reduction in the peak heat release rate, a respective 54.4 % and 35.6 % reduction in the peak CO production rate and the peak CO 2 production rate was achieved, which are superior to those of its own and previous counterparts. This outstanding fire safety is attributed to the combination of adsorption, catalytic and barrier effects of POSS-Ti 3 C 2 T x. Hence, as-designed functionalized MXenes can be effectively applied in PS to formulate multifunctional polymer nanocomposites attractive for wide potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis that is characterized by high rates of postoperative recurrence and mortality. Understanding the molecular mechanism of this malignancy is of great significance for the development of new and effective strategies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6), also known as zyxin-related protein-1 or ZRP-1, is an adaptor protein that belongs to the zyxin family of LIM proteins. Recent studies showed that TRIP6 is involved in carcinogenesis. But the functional role of TRIP6 in HCC has not been reported to date. Methods: TRIP6 expression level in HCC cell lines and normal cell line was measured by qPCR. The roles of TRIP6 on HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion were examined by MTT assay, colony formation assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. The effect of TRIP6 on the overall survival of HCC patients was further analyzed. ChIP assay and western blot were performed to validate whether FOXC1 was involved in the regulation of TRIP6 expression. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that TRIP6 expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that upregulation of TRIP6 was dramatically associated with poor overall survival. TRIP6 knockdown significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, and its effect on cell proliferation was mediated by the modulation of cell cycle progression. FOXC1 also played a vital role in TRIP6 regulation. TRIP6 mediated the FOXC1-regulated proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These results suggest that TRIP6 may contribute to the invasiveness and metastasis of HCC cells, and provide new insight into the crucial role of TRIP6 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm:YAlO 3 (Sm:YAP) crystal with size of Φ28 × 80 mm3 was grown by Czochralski (Cz) method. Polarized absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of Sm:YAP crystal were discussed for the first time. The peak emission cross-sections were calculated to be 0.80 × 10−21 cm2 (604 nm for a-polarization), 1.82 × 10−21 cm2 (604 nm for b-polarization) and 1.63 × 10−21 cm2 (610 nm for c-polarization), respectively. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters were calculated to be Ω 2 = 2.59 × 10−20 cm2, Ω 4 = 1.78 × 10−20 cm2 and Ω 6 = 2.98 × 10−20 cm2, respectively. The decay lifetime of 4G 5/2 energy level was measured to be 2.51 ms. All above results indicate the Sm:YAP crystal may be a potential candidate of reddish-orange laser pumped directly by the GaN/InGaN laser diode. • Sm:YAlO 3 crystal was grown by Cz method. • Polarized optical spectra of Sm:YAlO 3 crystal were investigated. • The transitions of 4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2 have the highest branching ratio value, which is suitable for reddish-orange laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), as one of the most widely used engineering plastics, suffers from the problem of serious flammability and low mechanical strength. To address such an intractable challenge, herein, we report the design of a graphene-based multifunctional additive (Sb-Mo/Br-rGO) via the bromination followed by precipitating antimony molybdenum. The surface functionalization enables Sb-Mo/Br-rGO to homogeneously disperse within the ABS matrix through facile melt-blending. The incorporation of 5 wt% Sb-Mo/Br-rGO leads to a 31% increase in tensile strength and 73% increase in elastic modulus relative to the ABS bulk. In addition to significant enhancement in thermal stability, the inclusion of 5 wt% Sb-Mo/Br-rGO significantly delays the time to ignition of ABS by 12 s, and noticeably reduces the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) by 45% and 54%, respectively. Such improved performance portfolio is primarily because the mechanical reinforcing and thermal barrier effect of graphene nanosheets, the flame retardant effect of bromine/antimony, and the smoke suppression action of antimony molybdenum. This work provides an innovative methodology for the design of multifunctional additives to create high-performance polymeric materials with high strength and low flammability, thus contributing to improving the quality of life. Image 1 • A novel multifunctional graphene-based flame retardant, Sb-Mo/Br-rGO, has been fabricated. • The addition of 5 wt% of SbMo-BrG increases tensile strength of ABS from 52.2 to 68.4 MPa. • The addition of Sb-Mo/Br-rGO significantly extends the time to ignition of ABS. • The addition of 5 wt% Sb-Mo/Br-rGO respectively reduces the PHRR and total smoke production by 45% and 54%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiotherapy inadvertently affects gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial cells, causing intestinal barrier disruption and increased permeability.Objective: We examined the effect of amino acid-based oral rehydration solution (AA-ORS) on radiation-induced changes of intestinal barrier function and epithelial tight junctions (TJs) in a randomized experimental study using a total-body irradiation (TBI) mouse model.Methods: Eight-week-old male Swiss mice received a single-dose TBI (0, 1, 3, or 5 Gy), and subsequent gastric gavage with AA-ORS (threonine, valine, serine, tyrosine, and aspartic acid) or saline for 2 or 6 d. Intestinal barrier function of mouse ileum was characterized by electrophysiological analysis of conductance, anion selectivity, and paracellular permeability [fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran]. Ultrastructural changes of TJs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Membrane protein and mRNA expression of claudin-1, -2, -3, -5, and -7, occludin, and E-cadherin were analyzed with western blot, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. Nonparametric tests were used to compare treatment-dose differences for each time point.Results: Saline-treated mice had a higher conductance at doses as low as 3 Gy, and as early as 2 d post-TBI compared with 0 Gy (P < 0.001). Paracellular permeability and dilution potential were increased 6 d after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Conductance decreased with AA-ORS after 2 d in 3-Gy and 5-Gy mice (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), and on day 6 after 5 Gy TBI (P < 0.001). Anion selectivity and FITC permeability decreased from 0.73 ± 0.02 to 0.61 ± 0.03 pCl/pNa (P < 0.01) and from 2.7 ± 0.1 × 105 to 2.1 ± 0.1 × 105 RFU (P < 0.001) in 5-Gy mice treated with AA-ORS for 6 d compared with saline. Irradiation-induced ultrastructural changes of TJs characterized by decreased electron density and gap formation improved with AA-ORS. Reduced claudin-1, -3, and -7 membrane expression after TBI recovered with AA-ORS within 6 d, whereas claudin-2 decreased indicating restitution of TJ proteins.Conclusions: Radiation-induced functional and structural disruption of the intestinal barrier in mice is reversed by AA-ORS rendering AA-ORS a potential treatment option in prospective clinical trials in patients with gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser grade 7 at.% Er:Y 2 O 3 transparent ceramics with submicron grain size were fabricated by using one-step vacuum sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) technique. Through studying the sintering trajectory of Er:Y 2 O 3 ceramics, the sintering temperature zone where sufficient relative density (>96%), no pore-boundary separation, and sub-micron grain size (<1 μm) ceramic samples could be identified. The samples pre-sintered in this zone were readily densified by HIPing. To maximum the densification and achieve high transparency, it is critical to suppress the final-stage grain growth. After HIPing at 1520 °C, the Er:Y 2 O 3 ceramics were fully densified without further grain growth, and exhibited in-line transmission of about 81.6% at 2000 nm. Continuous wave (CW) room temperature laser operation of the Er:Y 2 O 3 transparent ceramic at 2.7 μm was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tm3+-doped calcium niobium gallium garnet (Tm:CNGG) single crystals have been successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. The crystal structure, absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and lifetimes of Tm:CNGG crystals were investigated. The absorption and emission bandwidths of Tm:CNGG crystals are larger than those of other Tm3+ doped garnet crystals, which will be beneficial for laser diode (LD) pumping and ultrashort pulse generation. Additionally, continuous wave (CW) laser operation around 2 μm was achieved in the 2.0 at.% Tm:CNGG crystal by LD pumping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using aeolian sand to replace 100% of the fine aggregate in the semirigid base of asphalt pavements, it was obtained that the road performance at 4% cement content with 50% and 58% of aeolian sand meet the design requirements for any level of highway and primary road. • Cement and fly ash stabilised aeolian sand gravel has good resistance to sulfate erosion and can mitigate semi-rigid subgrade damage problems. • The microscopic mechanism of cement and fly ash stabilized aeolian sand gravel under the dry-wet cycle of Na 2 SO 4 sulfate solution. To alleviate the scarcity of road construction materials in desert areas, the feasibility of 100% replacement of fine aggregates by aeolian sand for semirigid base pavement was studied. First, complete the design of the proportion of cement, fly ash, aeolian sand and gravel was completed by orthogonal testing. Second, based on mechanical property tests, compressive strength and splitting strength of each mix proportion were investigated at the maintenance ages of 7 d and 28 d. The resistance to sulfate erosion and water stability of each mix proportion were investigated at different ages with durability tests. Moreover, the strength development and deterioration mechanism of aeolian sand mixtures were analysed by SEM and EDS test systems. The results show that the increasein aeolian sand content significantly degrades the strength of the road performance of cement and fly ash stabilized aeolian sand gravel base; the 7 d unconfined compressive strength was 2.8 MPa, and splitting strength was 0.61 MPa when the aeolian sand content was 66%. The erosion products and hydration products of the binding material during the dry and wet cycles of the specimens under different ages filled the voids between the aggregates which improved the structural density, increasing the water stability coefficient and sulfate erosion resistance coefficient more than 95%. The complete replacement of fine aggregate by aeolian sand for semi-rigid type bases meets the design requirements of highway roadbases, which shows that the replacement of fine aggregate by 100% aeolian sand for a semirigid base was feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The luminescence properties of 0.5%Pr-doped BGO crystals grown by using the micro-pulling down technique were carefully investigated. Room temperature absorption spectra were registered and analyzed within the framework of the Judd-Ofelt formalism and the best fit to the data is obtained by using a modified treatment allowing for the admixture of intensity enabling wave-functions. The results indicate 3P 0 and 1D 2 radiative lifetimes of about 5.7 μs and 79 μs, in perfect agreement with the time-constants derived from the measured fluorescence decays at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Registration of time-resolved emission and excitation spectra and calibration of the 3P 0 emission spectrum in cross section unit clearly indicate that Pr-doped BGO could be the first isotropic crystalline material leading to efficient diode-pumped laser operation at room temperature with laser performances, at least in the deep-red spectral region, comparable to that found with the most important anisotropic Pr-doped fluoride and oxide crystals. • Pr:Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 crystal fibers are successfully grown by micro-pulling down. • Absorption spectra are analyzed by using the Judd-Ofelt formalism. • Emission, excitation spectra are registered from the near-UV to the deep-Red. • It is found a 3P0 emission lifetime of 5.7 μs for a quantum yield close to 1. • Record emission cross-sections are obtained in the red and deep-red. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pr3+-doped Sr 0.5 La 0.5 Mg 0.5 Al 11.5 O 19 (ASL) crystal along 〈100〉 direction was successfully grown using the Czochralski technique under azote atmosphere. Absorption and emission spectra of Pr:ASL crystal have been measured at room temperature. Continuous-wave laser operation of the a-cut and c-cut Pr:ASL samples under InGaN laser diode pumping has been demonstrated. For deep red laser operation at about 726 nm, the maximum output powers achieved from a-cut sample was 92.8 mW with slope efficiency of about 11.9%, while 46.6 mW with slope efficiency of 8.0% for the c-cut sample. For red laser at about 645 nm, maximum output powers of 49.2 mW and 42.8 mW were obtained for the a-cut sample and c-cut sample, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 6.7% and 8.5%, respectively. • Pr:Sr 0.5 La 0.5 Mg 0.5 Al 11.5 O 19 crystal was successfully grown using the Czochralski method. • Spectral parameters of Pr:Sr 0.5 La 0.5 Mg 0.5 Al 11.5 O 19 crystal were obtained. • Red and deep red laser were demonstrated in Pr:Sr 0.5 La 0.5 Mg 0.5 Al 11.5 O 19 crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The cationic peptide liposome can deliver IGF-1R-siRNA to inhibit tumor growth. • The liposome exhibited limited toxicity when used at normal dosages. • The study strengthens the use of peptide liposomes as a gene delivery vehicle. • The study correlated the lipid headgroup structures and toxicology. The toxicology of cationic liposomes was explored to advance clinical trials of liposome-mediated gene therapy through the analysis of a peptide cationic liposome with DOTAP as a positive control. We first investigated the delivery of luciferase siRNA by several peptide liposomes in mice bearing lung cancer A549 cell xenografts. Of these, a cationic liposome (CDO14) was selected for further investigation. CDO14 efficiently mediated IGF-1R-siRNA delivery and inhibited the growth of the A549 cell xenografts. The in vivo toxicity and toxicological mechanisms of the selected liposome were evaluated to assess its potential utility for gene delivery. Specifically, the effects of CDO14 on mouse body weight, hematology, urine, serum biochemical indices, and histopathology were measured in acute toxicity and subchronic toxicity tests. CDO14 showed limited toxicological effects at low dosages although it induced pulmonary inflammation and liver injury at higher dosages. The toxicity of CDO14 was lower than that of DOTAP, and the toxicity of CDO14 did not change when complexed with siRNA. The pulmonary inflammation induced by CDO14 occurred via expressional up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and expressional down-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Liver injury induced by CDO14 was mediated by the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Lastly, CDO14 did not affect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in normal liver cells, suggesting that it did not induce apoptosis of normal cells. The toxicological results demonstrate that peptide-based headgroups in lipids are superior to those with quaternary ammonium headgroups that are used as gene vectors for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Eu3+-doped Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (BGO) single crystal with the size of Ø2 × 83 mm3 was successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down method. The absorption cross section, emission cross section and Judd–Ofelt analysis of Eu:Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (Eu:BGO) were reported for the first time. The absorption cross-section is 1.03 × 10−20 cm2 with full-width at half-maximum of 3.1 nm at around 393 nm. The spectroscopic intensity parameter Ω t (t = 2,4,6), radiative transition probabilities, branching ratios and radiative lifetime were obtained, respectively. Furthermore, the stimulated emission cross-section centered at 611 nm was calculated to be 6.32 × 10−21 cm2. The fluorescence lifetime of 5D 0 level was obtained to be 1.51 ms. The results indicate that Eu: BGO single crystal could be a potential laser host in the visible range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We report on the growth, spectroscopic properties and visible laser operation of Pr3+-doped LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LMA) crystal. The absorption and emission spectra were recorded in visible wavelength range and the decay time of 3P 0 manifold was measured to be about 34.5 μs at room temperature. Using an InGaN laser diode as pump source, continuous-wave laser operation of Pr:LMA crystal have also been demonstrated in red at about 645 nm and deep red at about 725 nm, which provide new linearly polarized sources for various potential applications. Highlights • A Pr:LMA crystal was successfully gown by using the Czochralski method. • Spectral parameters of Pr:LMA crystal were obtained. • Using a blue laser diode as pump source, red and deep red laser were demonstrated from Pr:LMA crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nd3+-doped Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (Nd:BGO) single crystals have been successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay curve have been measured at room temperature. The absorption cross section is about 1.39 × 10–20 cm2 at around 808 nm for 0.3 at% Nd:BGO. The Judd–Ofelt theory has been applied to calculate the intensity parameters, and three spectroscopic parameter Ω t (t = 2,4,6), radiative transition probabilities, radiative lifetime and branching ratios were calculated. The stimulated emission cross-section of 4F 3/2 →4I 11/2 transition at 1064 nm was obtained to be 3.29 × 10–20 cm2 for 0.3 at% Nd3+-doped BGO crystal. The fluorescence lifetimes of 0.3 at% and 1.0 at% neodymium-doped BGO crystals were measured to be 288 μs and 242 μs, respectively. Those results indicate that Nd3+-doped BGO crystal grown by the μ-PD method would be a potential laser medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • SNHG6 was highly expressed in BC tissues and associated with poorer clinicopathologic features. • Down-regulation of SNHG6 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in BC cells. • SNHG6 serves as an endogenous sponge by directly binding to miR-26a-5p and MAPK6 was validated as a target of miR-26a-5p. • SNHG6 oncogenic activity is in part through negative regulation of miR-26a-5p/MAPK6 in vivo. Abstract The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has recently been shown to be important regulators involved in the progression of various human cancers. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) is a recently identified cancer-related lncRNA. However, the clinical significance and biological function of SNHG6 in breast cancer (BC) are still unclear. In the present study, we found that SNHG6 was highly expressed in BC tissues and cell lines, which was associated with poorer clinicopathologic features. Knockdown of SNHG6 inhibited BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo using CCK-8, Edu staining, transwell assays and nude mice model. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter experiments indicated that SNHG6 serves as an endogenous sponge by directly binding to miR-26a-5p and down-regulating miR-26a-5p expression. MiR-26a-5p overexpression significantly enhanced the effect of SNHG6 knockdown on the cell behaviors in BC. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter indicated that MAPK6 was validated as a target of miR-26a-5p. Therefore, our study may reveal a novel SNHG6/miR-26a-5p/MAPK6 pathway regulatory axis in BC pathogenesis. SNHG6 may serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in the treatment of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • High-power passively Q-switched Tm:CYA lasers at short wavelengths have been operated. • The operating wavelength was tuned from 1848 to 1876 nm, for the first time. • The tunable Tm:CYA laser is very potential in neural stimulation applications. Abstract Laser emission between about 1850 and 1880 nm is of great interest for neural stimulation applications. We report here on the diode-pumped, continuous-wave and passively Q-switched laser operation of Tm:CaYAlO 4 in this specific wavelength domain, for the first time to our knowledge. In the continuous-wave regime, the maximum output power reaches 5.35 W at 1864 nm with a laser slope efficiency of about 40.5%. Using a Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber, passive Q-switching is achieved with a maximum average output power of 2.37 W at 1857 nm. The narrowest laser pulse width is found to be about 59 ns for a repetition rate of 35.3 kHz and the corresponding laser pulse peak power and pulse energy are about 1.145 kW and 67.5 μJ, respectively. By introducing an undoped YAG crystal as intracavity etalon, tunable and passively Q-switched laser operation is obtained between 1848 and 1876 nm while keeping high pulse energies and peak powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Triptolide activates p38, p53, BAX in immortalized podocytes and induces apoptosis. • Triptolide also downregulates genes essential for podocyte structure and function. • Triptolide-induced podocyte injury is not prevented by glucocorticoids. • Triptolide is not toxic to podocytes in vivo. Abstract Triptolide (TP) has an anti-proteinuric effect and is used for the treatment of podocytopathies. TP has also been shown to act directly on immortalized podocytes in culture to protect them from injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of TP on healthy podocytes both in vitro and in vivo to better understand the action of TP on podocytes. We found that treatment of TP at 10 ng/ml, a concentration that is routinely used for podocyte protection, was sufficient to activate pro-apoptotic signaling of MAPK p38, p53 and BAX and induced apoptosis in cultured podocytes; and higher concentrations of TP exacerbated the p38, p53 and BAX activations and apoptosis. Moreover, TP severely downregulated the genes that are essential for podocyte structure and function. Interestingly, in contrast with other agents TP-induced podocyte injury was not prevented by glucocorticoids. In vivo , high-dose TP treatment for prolonged time did not cause podocyte injury, essential genes downregulation, and proteinuria in mice. TP was also not toxic to the podocytes with isolated glomeruli ex vivo. In summary, TP is toxic to immortalized podocytes in culture but not to the podocytes in animals or isolated glomeruli ex vivo. Our study suggests that immortalized podocytes might have genetically evolved to become sensitive to TP toxicity and thus caution should be taken in interpreting data from immortalized podocytes. Nevertheless, in vivo TP could be as safe as glucocorticoids in treating podocytopathies. Finally, TP may be used as a unique in vitro model for studying steroid-resistant podocytopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We report on diode-pumped continuous-wave and passively Q-switched c-cut Nd:LMA lasers. For continuous-wave operation, the maximum output power reaches 3.10 W with slope efficiency of about 48.9% at 1055 nm and 2.63 W with slope efficiency of 43.1% at 1082 nm. For passively Q switched operation, using a Cr:YAG as saturable absorber, the achieved maximum average output power is 1.49 W at 1055 nm with pulse width of 18.4 ns. Moreover, we have also realized simultaneous dual-wavelength laser operation at 1055 and 1082 nm with a maximum average output power of 1.22 W and a pulse width of 19.4 ns. Furthermore, inserting an etalon for suppressing the 1055 nm line, we have operated single wavelength laser at 1082 nm with output power of 0.31 W and pulse width of 20.8 ns. This work has verified the potential of Nd:LMA crystal as a laser gain medium. Highlights • Absorption and emission spectra of a c -cut Nd: LaMgAl 11 O 19 crystal are reported. • Efficiently continuous-wave operation at 1055 and 1082 nm have been realized for the first time to our knowledge. • Efficiently passively Q-switched operation at 1055 and 1082 nm have also been realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microparticles containing methacryl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (M-POSS) were synthesized through the RAFT precipitation polymerization (RAFTPP) method using paclitaxel (PTX) as the templates. During the course of this investigation, methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as the functional monomer, while ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was utilized as a cross-linker. The effects of different molar ratios of M-POSS on the microparticles were characterized. The obtained MIP microparticles were confirmed by FT-IR and TGA-DSC. The results of SEM showed regular spherical-shaped MIP microparticles with diameters around 170–490 nm. The PTX loading quantity was closely correlated with the content of M-POSS, and the MIP microparticles showed a satisfactory affinity to PTX with high drug loading (17.1%) and encapsulation efficiency (85.5%). Moreover, these MIP microparticles were sensitive to pH, and consequently the release rates of PTX at pH 5 were much faster than those at pH 7 due to the acid cleavage of the hydrogen bonds. In addition, the results from release experiments of the MIP microparticles showed a very slow and controlled release of PTX, which heralded promising potential as a carrier for PTX delivery in cancer therapy. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Uniform molecularly imprinted microparticles are prepared by RAFTPP. • The control of particle size is suitable for different analytical application. • The microparticles show high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. • The products have potential applications as a drug vehicle for controlled release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spectral properties and high-efficiency broadband laser operation of Tm:CYGA crystal at 2 μm were demonstrated. • The maximum continuous-wave output power of 1.43 W was obtained. • A 284.7 nm tuning coverage was realized with a BF. We report on spectral properties and a high-efficiency broadband laser operation of Tm:CaY 0.9 Gd 0.1 AlO 4 (Tm:CYGA) crystal. The polarized absorption and emission spectra, gain cross sections and fluorescence lifetime are systematically studied, presenting a broad absorption and emission spectra and thus a smooth gain band. Furthermore, under an absorbed pump power of 4.35 W, a maximum continuous-wave (CW) laser output power of 1.43 W at 1967.8 nm is obtained, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 42.2 %. The beam quality factors (M2) in X-axis and Y-axis are measured to be 1.011 and 1.027, respectively. A tunable Tm:CYGA laser with a tuning range of 284.7 nm from 1837.5 to 2122.2 nm is achieved employing a birefringent filter (BF). The results indicate that the Tm:CYGA crystal is an excellent laser medium for generating high-efficiency broadband CW laser, indicating its potential for ultrashort pulse generation in the 2-μm spectral range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the Floating zone technique was used to grow high-quality Cr3+:YScO 3 crystals. The absorption cross-sections of the 4A 2 →4T 1 transition and 4A 2 →4T 2 transitions were calculated to be 1.71 × 10−20 cm2 at 488 nm and 0.72 × 10−20 cm2 at 666 nm, respectively. The crystal field strength Dq, Racah parameters B, and C were calculated to be 1502 cm−1, 533 cm−1, and 3362 cm−1, respectively. In the Cr3+:YScO 3 crystal, the effective phonon energy and Huang-Rhys factor S were calculated to be 284 cm−1 and 8.62, respectively. The emission cross-section at 988 nm corresponding to the 4T 2 →4A 2 transition was calculated to be 1.44 × 10−20 cm2 with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 318 nm. All the results show that Cr3+:YScO 3 crystal has the potential to be a tunable and ultrafast laser crystal. • Cr:YScO 3 crystals were successfully grown by the Floating zone technique(FZ) method. • Broad emission spectrum with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 318 nm in Cr:YScO 3 crystals was observed. • Spectral properties and crystal field parameters of Cr:YScO 3 crystals were investigated and analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ho3+-doped CaYAlO 4 (Ho:CALYO) crystal fibers have been successfully grown from the melt by the micro-pulling-down (μ -PD) technique for the first time. The polarized absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and lifetime decay curves were measured at room temperature. The most intense emission of 2 at.% Ho:CALYO crystal fiber appears at 2072 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 181.1 nm for σ polarization and at 2022 nm with FWHM of 199.4 nm for π polarization, respectively. The decay lifetimes of 5I 7 state of Ho:CALYO crystal fibers with different holmium concentration were calculated. All the results show that Ho:CALYO crystal fiber has potential as a laser gain medium for ultrashort and tunable Mid-infrared laser system. • Ho:CaYAlO 4 shaped crystal fibers with different Ho3+ concentration were grown using by the micro-pulling-down method. • The effect of Ho3+ concentration on the spectroscopic properties of Ho:CaYAlO 4 crystal fibers was studied. • Ho:CaYAlO 4 crystal fibers have large FWHMs of fluorescence spectra, which is better for tunable and short pulse laser output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tb 3+ -doped YAlO 3 (YAP) single crystal was grown by Czochralski (Cz) method. Based on the polarized absorption spectra, the spectroscopic parameters were calculated to be Ω 2 = 3.49 × 10 −20 cm 2 , Ω 4 = 5.87 × 10 −20 cm 2 and Ω 6 = 2.55 × 10 −20 cm 2 , and then the spontaneous transition rate, fluorescent branching ratio and radiative lifetime of 5 D 4 multiplet were obtained. The yellow emission cross sections of 5 D 4 → 7 F 4 transition were calculated to be 1.72 × 10 −22 cm 2 , 2.73 × 10 −22 cm 2 and 2.65 × 10 −22 cm 2 for a, b and c polarization, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime of the 5 D 4 multiplet was fitted to be 1.72 ms. All the data indicate that Tb:YAP crystal is a promising candidate for yellow laser operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the role of Y 3+ ion on microstructure, optical transmittance, and thermal properties of CaF 2 transparent ceramics. Series of nanosized CaF 2 powders doped with different concentration of Y 3+ ion were synthesized by direct precipitation method. XRD, FSEM and TEM results demonstrated that the CaF 2 nanoparticles could be tuned in size through doping of Y 3+ ion. Corresponding CaF 2 transparent ceramics were fabricated by hot-pressed (HP) method. Compared with the undoped CaF 2 sample, the transmittance of the CaF 2 ceramics improved dramatically after doping with Y 3+ ions and reached above 80% at the wavelength of 1200 nm. The effects of Y 3+ ion on the microstructure and thermal properties of CaF 2 transparent ceramics were also investigated. Overall consideration of the transmittance and thermal properties of the samples, the optimal concentration of Y 3+ ion was about 1 at.%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]