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Researchers at Wuhan Brain Hospital in Hubei, China, have successfully treated a patient with an intracranial infection caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAB) after cranial surgery. The patient received a combination of drugs, including polymyxin B, tigecycline, and amikacin, through intravenous and intrathecal injections, leading to the control and cure of the infection. This study provides valuable insights for the clinical treatment of severe XDRAB intracranial infections, highlighting the effectiveness of the treatment approach used. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study on the synergistic effects of artesunate (AS), EDTA, and colistin (COL) against colistin-resistant Salmonella strains. The combination of AS, EDTA, and COL showed enhanced antibacterial effects against both MCR-negative and MCR-positive Salmonella strains. The study suggests that targeting specific proteins and using natural compounds like AS could be a promising strategy for treating Salmonella infections and overcoming colistin-resistant bacterial infections. The research is available as a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR) in Singapore delves into the mechanisms of action of polymyxin B1 (PMB1) in combating multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The research highlights the importance of understanding how PMB1 interacts with bacterial inner membranes to develop new polymyxin-based antibiotics. By utilizing molecular dynamics simulations, the study sheds light on how PMB1 targets lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the inner membrane, providing valuable insights for enhancing antibiotic efficacy. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to address the threat of polymyxin-resistant strains and the rise of postantibiotic era. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted a study on Klebsiella pneumoniae, a drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The research focused on the use of isobavachalcone (IBC) to enhance the sensitivity of K. pneumoniae to colistin, both in vitro and in vivo. The study found that the combination of colistin and IBC showed promising antibacterial effects by disrupting bacterial membranes and inducing oxidative stress, offering a potential strategy to combat drug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections. The research was supported by various funding sources and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Hangzhou Medical College focused on the synergistic effect of fosfomycin and colistin against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The study utilized time-kill assays, mutation rate tests, and transcriptomics analysis to evaluate the bactericidal effects, drug resistance, and cytotoxicity of the antibiotic combination. The findings suggest that the combination of fosfomycin and colistin exhibited a better bactericidal effect compared to monotherapy, with lower resistance and cytotoxicity. The research sheds light on the potential of this antibiotic combination in combating antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil explores the in vitro antibacterial activity of the combination of rifampicin and polymyxin B against extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. The study found that the combination showed synergistic effects against these resistant strains, indicating potential for further research as a combination therapy. The research was supported by various scientific development organizations and has been peer-reviewed for accuracy and validity. For more details, the full article can be accessed through the journal Current Microbiology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published by the Department of Pharmacy highlights the effectiveness of combining polymyxin B with cefepime-avibactam in combating biofilms of polymyxin B-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The research found that this combination therapy not only suppressed the formation of biofilms but also effectively eradicated mature biofilms. In both in vitro and in vivo models, the combination therapy showed promising results in treating biofilm-related infections caused by these antibiotic-resistant bacteria. [Extracted from the article]

Research conducted at the Korea Food Research Institute in Wonju, South Korea, has focused on antimicrobial cationic peptides and their impact on pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. The study revealed that acid-adapted E. coli strains showed increased resistance to antimicrobials, particularly polymyxins, which are crucial for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted the genetic mechanisms behind this resistance, providing valuable insights for developing strategies to manage antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens. This peer-reviewed research sheds light on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and its implications for public health. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Qingdao University in the People's Republic of China focused on predicting tissue exposures of antibiotics, specifically amikacin, polymyxin-B, and sulbactam, using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. The research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these antibiotics in various tissues and found that the combination therapy exhibited synergy against multi-drug resistant strains. The study concluded that the drug concentrations in tissues were sufficient to combat extremely drug-resistant clinical isolates, highlighting the potential of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling in predicting antibacterial drug exposure in pediatric populations. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Federal University of Pernambuco in Brazil have conducted a study on the antibacterial activity of polymyxins encapsulated in nanocarriers against Gram-negative bacteria. Polymyxins, such as Polymyxin B and Polymyxin E, have re-emerged in clinical practice due to antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the potential of nanocarriers to enhance the efficacy and safety of polymyxins, offering a promising strategy to combat bacterial resistance and improve public health. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a potential new source of peptide antibiotics by mining human microbiomes. Through computational screening of human metagenomes, they identified 323 candidates encoded in small open reading frames with antimicrobial properties. These smORF-encoded peptides (SEPs) showed promising antimicrobial activity, targeting bacterial membranes and potentially reconfiguring microbiome communities. The study suggests the existence of hundreds of antimicrobials in the human microbiome that could be clinically translated, offering new avenues for antibiotic discovery. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the State University of Londrina in Brazil have discovered that a compound called Fluopsin C (FlpC) has antibiofilm activity against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRAb). Biofilm formation is a survival mechanism for A. baumannii and makes it resistant to antimicrobial treatments. The researchers found that FlpC, when combined with polymyxin B, increased bacterial susceptibility to both antibiotics. This study suggests that FlpC has potential as a new antimicrobial product for the treatment of XDRAb infections. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae, a type of Gram-negative bacteria that poses a significant risk to public health. The researchers explored the combination of aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam with varying dosages of polymyxin B and imipenem to combat these bacteria. The study found that high-dose polymyxin B and low-dose polymyxin B + imipenem were effective in clearing the bacterial population. The researchers suggest that further studies are needed to develop optimal antibiotic combinations to combat drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Jinan in Guangzhou, China, has discovered potential biofilm inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacteria. The researchers synthesized a series of compounds and found that compound 30b was the most effective in inhibiting biofilm formation and various virulence phenotypes of P. aeruginosa. Additionally, compound 30b enhanced the antibacterial activity of tobramycin and polymyxin B in combination therapy. These findings suggest that compound 30b could be a promising candidate for treating P. aeruginosa infections. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Antwerp in Belgium has explored a novel approach to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. The researchers developed an antibacterial hydrogel coating using the polymyxin B (PMB) peptide to prevent bacterial adhesion to the polymeric substrate. The coating demonstrated antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in mechanically ventilated patients. The study suggests that this peptide-releasing hydrogel formula could serve as a foundation for preventing VAP. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology have developed a method for preparing porous nanofiber/microparticles (PNfMp) membranes for endotoxin removal in blood purification. The membranes were created using electrospray technology and a binary solvent mixture system. The researchers also modified the surfaces of the membranes with polymyxin B (PMB) for enhanced endotoxin adsorption. The PMB-modified membranes demonstrated a high adsorption capacity for endotoxin and were able to remove endotoxin from human plasma with almost 100% efficiency. This research provides a promising strategy for improving blood purification methods. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Shandong Provincial Hospital in China analyzed the epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. The researchers collected 668 non-duplicate ESBL-producing E. coli strains from clinical samples and identified the mcr-1 gene and other resistance genes in polymyxin B-resistant strains. They found that 19 clinical strains carried the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1, with a positivity rate of approximately 2.8%. The study concluded that horizontal transmission mediated by plasmids is the main mode of mcr-1 transmission. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on the alternative lipid synthesis in Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens in response to phosphate limitation. The outer membrane of these pathogens protects them from antibiotics, but the anionic phosphates on the cell surface allow cationic antimicrobial peptides like colistin to penetrate the membrane and kill the cells. The study found that in response to phosphate scarcity, these pathogens produce aminolipids as an adaptive strategy, which helps them overcome colistin-mediated killing. This research suggests that aminolipid biosynthesis may be a broad strategy used by other Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens to survive in phosphate limiting conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Venus Medicine Research Centre evaluated the nephrotoxicity reduction of a novel formulation of polymyxin B (PMB) called VRP-034 compared to marketed PMB using a 3D kidney-on-a-chip model. The study found that VRP-034 significantly reduced nephrotoxicity compared to marketed PMB, particularly at clinically relevant concentrations. VRP-034 also exhibited superior cell health outcomes and disrupted tubular integrity less than marketed PMB. The findings suggest that VRP-034 has the potential to enable the use of full therapeutic doses of PMB with an improved safety profile. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on Acinetobacter baumannii, a bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics and can cause infections in hospitals. The study found that when the bacteria is exposed to a shortage of phosphate, it produces aminolipids, which help it tolerate the antibiotic colistin. The researchers also discovered that other similar bacteria may use a similar strategy to survive in phosphate-limited environments. This research has not yet been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a Phase 3 clinical study conducted by Cutia Therapeutics(Wuxi)Co.,Ltd. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and immune response of CU-20101, a botulinum toxin type A, in treating moderate to severe glabellar lines. The study consists of two parts: a controlled study comparing CU-20101 with Botox, and an open-label study evaluating repeated injections of CU-20101. The study is currently recruiting participants in China and is projected to be completed by March 1, 2026. Contact details and eligibility criteria for participants are provided. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) has found that the addition of bile salts to certain agar media can enhance bacterial twitching motility, a form of bacterial surface translocation. The study suggests that bile salts disrupt lipid membranes and apply envelope stress as detergents, altering the physicochemical properties of a twitching surface. The researchers also discovered that hydrophilic surfaces, such as glass and tissue culture-treated polystyrene plastics, promote bacterial twitching without the need for detergents. These findings have implications for understanding the functionality of bacterial type IV pili (T4P) as a virulence determinant and developing countermeasures against bacterial colonization and infection. [Extracted from the article]

The patent application titled "Methods For Treating Bacterial Cell Populations" discusses the need for improved methods to treat bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant and persister bacterial cells. The inventors propose using a bacterial transmembrane proton motive force (PMF) inhibitor, specifically an imidazole-based antifungal agent, to disrupt the PMF and eradicate the resistant and/or persister sub-population. The application includes claims for co-administering an antibacterial agent and for re-sensitizing the cells to antibacterials. Various imidazole-based antifungal agents and bacterial cell populations are mentioned as examples. The inventors believe that complete eradication of tolerant cells is crucial to prevent chronic and recurrent infections in seriously ill patients. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Science and Technology China have developed biodegradable and multifunctional microneedles (MNs) for the combined treatment of cutaneous infections. The microneedles are designed to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, providing improved drug transdermal efficiency and antifungal properties. The microneedles have been shown to withstand humidity, wound exudate, and pus, and maintain their potency to effectively penetrate skin tissues. The promising outcomes of this research lay a solid foundation for clinical translation to treat deep skin-related diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Deraya University focused on the use of antibiotics, specifically polymyxins, which are important in situations where other treatment options are limited. The researchers developed a simple and environmentally friendly method to quantify two medications, colistin and polymyxin B, using a spectrophotometric approach. The technique was successfully applied to measure these medications in their parenteral dosage forms, with excellent results. The study also included content uniformity testing. This research provides valuable insights into the analysis and quantification of antibiotics, contributing to the field of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Texas Tech University discusses research findings on nosocomial infections, which are infections acquired in healthcare settings. The study focuses on the use of polymyxin B, a type of antibiotic, to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The researchers conducted in silico gene mining to identify bacteria with the potential to produce polymyxins, and confirmed the biosynthetic capacity of Paenibacillus polymyxa through metabolite characterization. In vitro analysis showed that polymyxin B was effective against select nosocomial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Acinetobacter baumaii. This research provides valuable insights into potential treatment options for multidrug-resistant bacteria. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University in China have developed a simple method to measure the concentration of polymyxin B (PB) in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic study in elderly patients infected with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The study found that both dose strategies used in the study resulted in excessive PB exposure in elderly patients, exceeding the therapeutic window recommended by guidelines. This research provides new insights into the pharmacokinetics of PB in this patient population. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint abstract discusses the potential of using bacteriophages, which are viruses that specifically target bacteria, in combination with antibiotics to reduce bacterial load. The study found that temperate phages, which can integrate into the host genome, can be awakened by stressors such as antibiotics, resulting in a potent synergy between the phages and antibiotics. The researchers screened 36 temperate phages isolated from clinical strains and found that they can synergize with different antibiotics, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotics and re-sensitizing the bacteria to them. The study suggests that temperate phages can act as adjuvants to antibiotics in clinically relevant pathogens, even in the presence of antibiotic resistance, expanding their therapeutic potential. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia have made significant progress in the development of new antibiotics to combat life-threatening infections caused by Gram-negative 'superbugs'. With a lack of new antibiotics in development, the researchers focused on discovering new natural scaffolds with distinct mechanisms of action. They successfully developed a total chemical synthesis methodology for a unique cyclic lipodepsipeptide called laterocidine, which showed activity against multiple drug-resistant pathogens. Through structure-activity relationship studies, they identified important structural features that drive the antimicrobial activity of laterocidine and engineered a peptide that surpassed the efficacy of the original peptide. This engineered peptide demonstrated complete inhibition of the growth of a polymyxin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The research was supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science and Stanford University have discovered potential new antibiotics by studying the gut microbiomes of nearly 2,000 people. By analyzing the genetic information of bacteria in the human gut using artificial intelligence, the researchers identified dozens of peptides with antimicrobial properties. After experimental validation, over half of the peptides tested successfully inhibited bacterial growth, with one candidate demonstrating anti-infective capabilities on par with an FDA-approved antibiotic. This study suggests that mining the human microbiome for new antimicrobial peptides could be a promising avenue for future research and clinical applications. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine discusses the use of extracorporeal hemoperfusion (HP) therapy in an adult horse with Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) colitis-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The horse, an 8-year-old American Quarter Horse gelding, developed severe SIRS and acute kidney injury. The researchers performed HP therapy twice within 48 hours, which stabilized the horse's condition. However, the horse was euthanized after four days due to laminitis. The study suggests that further investigation is needed to explore the potential of HP therapy as an adjunctive treatment for severe SIRS/sepsis in horses. [Extracted from the article]

The article details a study from Shanghai Jiao Tong University comparing the effectiveness and safety of colistin sulfate (CS) versus polymyxin B sulfate (PMB) in treating pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). It states that both treatments were similarly effective, but CS was associated with fewer adverse effects compared to PMB.

A study conducted at Wenzhou Medical University in Zhejiang, China, has found that combining the antibiotic colistin with diclofenac sodium (DS) can enhance its antibacterial activity against colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The researchers observed synergistic effects when using the combination of colistin and DS against clinical strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the enhanced antibacterial activity and reduction of bacterial loads in infected mouse thighs. This research provides a potential new treatment strategy for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences explores the use of porous silicon microneedle patches for the delivery of polymyxin-based antimicrobials. The researchers highlight the global trend of increasing antibiotic resistance to Gram-negative bacteria and the need for alternative antibiotics. The study demonstrates that the porous silicon microneedle patches efficiently deliver polymyxin B (PMB) to the skin, maintaining its bioactivity and antimicrobial efficacy. This research expands the possibilities of current transdermal drug delivery systems. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Federal University Pelotas in Brazil have conducted a study on the antibiofilm activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNP) and polymyxin B against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab). Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacteria associated with nosocomial infections and is difficult to control due to its antibiotic resistance and ability to form biofilms. The study found that Bio-AgNP and polymyxin B, when used alone or in combination, demonstrated inhibitory and biofilm-disrupting activity against CR-Ab. This research suggests that Bio-AgNP could be an alternative in the control of CR-Ab strains. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Catania in Italy highlights the growing concern of Acinetobacter baumannii in hospital settings, particularly among critically ill patients. The bacterium's ability to develop resistance to antibiotics is a significant challenge, and current antimicrobial agents are becoming less effective. Researchers are exploring alternative therapeutic approaches, such as combination drugs and novel molecules, as well as the potential of phage therapy and artificial intelligence. The fight against A. baumannii requires a coordinated global response, as it is a broader public health issue. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) has shed light on the mechanisms behind polymyxin B resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) B strains. Polymyxins are a class of antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. The study found that specific insertion sequence 1 (IS1) elements play a role in the amplification of genes involved in the biosynthesis and transfer of certain modifications to the bacterial outer membrane, leading to increased resistance to polymyxin B. The research suggests that complex phenotypes, including polymyxin B resistance, can result from tandem amplification events. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium have developed a liquid chromatographic method for the fast determination of lincomycin, polymyxin, and vancomycin in a preservation solution for transplants. The method was found to be selective towards these antibiotics and their degradation products, with no interference from other ingredients in the preservation solution. The method was validated and found to be sensitive, linear, precise, and accurate. The antibiotics were also found to be stable in the preservation solution for four weeks when stored at -20 °C. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Universidad de La Sabana focused on the development and characterization of antibodies for the monitoring of glycopeptide antibiotics. The researchers aimed to create new methodologies for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. The study successfully developed antibodies capable of recognizing specific antibiotics, such as Vancomycin, Colistin, Daptomycin, and Meropenem, with good detectability. These antibodies offer a promising tool for precise and effective therapeutic monitoring, potentially enhancing treatment efficacy and patient safety. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research conducted at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China on antimicrobial cationic peptides. The study aimed to investigate the risk factors and develop a scoring tool for the early prediction of polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity (PIN), a major safety concern in clinical practice. The researchers collected data on critically ill patients who received intravenous polymyxin B or colistin sulfate and identified variables associated with PIN. They developed a prediction model and a risk-scoring system that can effectively identify patients at risk of developing PIN. The study provides valuable insights for clinicians using polymyxins and offers a tool for risk assessment. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Newcells Biotech Ltd. compared the impact of VRP-034, a novel formulation of polymyxin B, with commercially available polymyxin B on markers of kidney injury in human proximal tubule monolayers in vitro. The study found that VRP-034 demonstrated improved tolerance in the model compared to polymyxin B, suggesting its potential as a safer alternative for renal protection. The research assessed various concentrations of the formulations and measured transepithelial electrical resistance, intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels, lactate dehydrogenase release, and injury biomarkers. The findings indicated a significant decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance with polymyxin B compared to VRP-034, and higher injury biomarker release with polymyxin B. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, Lithuania, has found that increased efflux activity is a major cause of bacterial antibiotic resistance. The researchers suggest that using efflux pump inhibitors could be a promising approach to restoring the effectiveness of antibiotics. They specifically studied the interaction of the efflux inhibitor phenylalanyl-arginyl-b-naphthylamide (PAbN) with Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium cells and found that the cells accumulated a high amount of PAbN due to its affinity to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), a major component of the outer membrane. The study also found that the polycationic antibiotic Polymyxin B released the accumulated PAbN. This research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and potential strategies to overcome it. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Ahram Canadian University explored the use of colistin-conjugated bimetallic silver-copper oxide nanoparticles as a potential treatment for pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nanoparticles were synthesized using gamma rays and characterized through various analytical methods. The study found that the nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin, and inhibited virulence factors such as pyocyanin production and biofilm formation. The nanoparticles were also found to be non-toxic in a Galleria mellonella model. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of these nanoparticles. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Chiang Mai University in Thailand have conducted a study on the antibacterial activities of phenolic compounds in Miang extract against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Miang, a type of chewing tea made from Camellia sinensis var. assamica or Assam tea leaves fermentation, was found to contain pyrogallol, which exhibited strong antibacterial activity against various strains of bacteria, including colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae. The study also revealed that Miang extract caused changes in the morphology and proteomic profile of K. pneumoniae, suggesting its potential as an alternative antibacterial agent. This research provides valuable insights into the development of natural active pharmaceutical ingredients to combat drug-resistant bacteria. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in China focused on the feasibility and usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of polymyxin B in patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). The study enrolled 42 patients who received intrathecal/intraventricular administration of polymyxin B. The primary outcomes were clinical cure and 28-day all-cause mortality. The study found that maintaining polymyxin B cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations above 2.0 mg/L was associated with clinical cure when the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.5 mg/L. The researchers concluded that TDM of polymyxin B in CSF warrants further clinical studies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Genentech Inc. discusses new research on antibiotics, specifically polymyxins, which are gram-negative antibiotics that target lipid A, a component of the outer membrane of bacteria. The study used surface plasmon resonance to investigate the interactions between polymyxins and lipid A and proposed a three-state mechanism for polymyxin activity: transient binding, membrane insertion, and super-stoichiometric cluster accumulation. The findings could potentially lead to the development of new lipid A-targeting antibiotics and provide insights into interactions with the gram-negative outer membrane. The full article can be accessed for free through the provided link. [Extracted from the article]