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The second generation of web tools shook the journalist profession approximately two decades ago with the proactive incorporation of audiences into the media. Citizen journalism and user-generated content arose as an object of interest due to the democratising value of participation attributed to them, with empowered citizens who could emulate the professional and institutional practises of journalists. However, difficulties soon came to the surface, and audience participation in news media began to be limited. Within this context, this article conducts a critical review of studies on audience participation in news media based on a systematic literature review. The results indicate that, in general, audiences showed low interest in the creation of informative content and that their participation has grown increasingly problematic. In addition, journalists are reticent as they defend their professional role above all else, while company strategies have prioritised making participation profitable. For this reason, the idea of citizen journalism that offers user-created content through the media appears to be a thing of the past, with many characteristics that could define it as a failed innovation. Therefore, the text concludes that audience participation in the media could be defined as mediatised participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of data in the media industry has always played a significant role. This is especially evident today, since data (and in many cases big data) are generated through various activities that relate to the production and also consumption of news. This paper attempts to highlight the importance of big data utilization in the media industry. Specifically, it discusses cases of big data exploitation, such as media content consumption and management, data journalism production, social content utilization, and participatory journalism applications. The study also examines the changes that big data has introduced in all stages of the journalism practice, from news production to news distribution, by utilizing the available tools. Finally, it discusses new developments that relate to semantic web (Web 3.0) technologies, which have already started to be adopted by media organizations around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative news media in Norway have become visible in public debates. Partly because of news sharing on social media. Social media has become an arena for news, information, and public debate, and has also become a place to fight for the news agenda. The present study examines news sharing in social media in Norway and how right-wing alternative news outlets use social media to impact the news agenda. These are small organizations with only a handful of employees, but they have very proactive readers and feature a considerable amount of user-generated content. They are critical of immigration, particularly from Muslim countries, and of the political elite. They mimic traditional media in the way they organize and label their content, but their reporting is more subjective. The present study uses quantitative content analysis to reveal which topics are the most shared on social media, and from which news type of news organizations they come. It also looks at how news sharing differed in the days following a series of terrorist attacks and how the pattern changed during the course of a normal day. This leads to a discussion on participatory journalism and how news sharing can be seen as a part of the public debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applies the concepts of interpretive communities and conversational interactions to show how investigative journalists initiated a relatively new method of reporting and generated support among their colleagues for becoming anti-Nazi activists and troll hunters. It draws on a sample of journalistic reporting and related media items to examine investigative reporters' self-reflexive acts and the responses of journalism communities in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States from 2015 to 2020. Investigative journalists initiated open conversations to show that they were enthusiastic activists in retweeting, confronting and quoting neo-Nazi trolling by interviewing the perpetrators. Other journalism communities signified they were pursuing activist-like agendas as they magnified this work through informal networks, social media and news commentaries. Journalists reconsidered their professional boundaries to allow for cooperative conversations about their experiences in a fresh effort to denounce hate speech and begin collective initiatives to enhance social cohesion in civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even democracies endowed with the most active free press struggle to maintain diversity of news coverage. Consolidation and market forces may cause only a few dominant players to control the news cycle. Editorial policies may be biased by corporate ownership relations, narrowing news coverage and focus. To an increasing degree this problem also applies to social media news distribution, since it is subject to the same socio-economic drivers. To study the effects of consolidation and ownership on news diversity, we model the diversity of Chilean coverage on the basis of ownership records and social media data. We create similarity networks of news outlets on the basis of their ownership and the topics they cover. We then examine the relationships between the topology of ownership networks and content similarity to characterize how ownership affects news coverage. A network analysis reveals that Chilean media is highly concentrated both in terms of ownership as well as in terms of topics covered. Our method can be used to determine which groups of outlets and ownership exert the greatest influence on news coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the main modern approaches to the citizen journalism in Russia and defines its key features at the present stage. The publishing activity of the citizen journalists of two Russian platforms "Ridus" and "LiveJournal" was analyzed over a time span of five months in 2017. The analysis results were used as a basis for describing peculiar content features of the Russian citizen journalism, its nature and specifics of information presentation, and for identifying the areas of concern. The paper also deals with social aspects of the citizen journalism as a tool of the civil society enabling the development of a firm civil standing of the audience and encouraging professional media to perform its functions as a social communication institution at a higher quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several recent studies have examined how professional journalists use social media at work. However, we know little about the differences between younger and older journalists' use of social media for newsgathering. We conducted 16 in-depth interviews comparing eight young journalists (median age = 24) with eight older journalists (median age = 50) in Norway. The younger journalists reported using multiple social media platforms, such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram, to collect politically significant information, news observations, sources and comments. By comparison, the older journalists reported relying heavily on elite sources on Twitter. This reluctance to use a variety of social media platforms may limit older journalists' exposure to a variety of news sources. As a result, younger journalists seem to follow a more multi-perspectival approach to social media and may be more innovative in their newsgathering. Hence, younger journalists may be exposed to more diverse types of news sources than older journalists. Together, the findings indicate a generational gap in 'networked publics' concerning how younger and older journalists approach newsgathering in social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marca Community is arguably one of the most popular online sports communities in Spain with over 400,000 members. In its forum, users can comment on the news published by the sport-based newspapers Marca while interacting with other members. Drawing on the existing literature on virtual communities, this study empirically examines the engagement in online discussion in order to determine the degree of “community building" promoted by the members. We propose a methodological approach taking under consideration the singularities of the sports fans and of the online conversation. A structural analysis focusing on the user interaction was conducted over the members (N=4,967) who posted comments in 8 selected articles. The findings suggest that Marca Community is a non-hierarchical liquid network wherein members participate in an equal footing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social network burst in the Spanish Radio in the period between 2009-2010, transforming profoundly the relation with the listeners, and enriching significally the emission. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of this symbiosis among media, in addition to the disparate benefit among various distant channels regarding this new tool. We will test out this decisive use, but incipient, and the clear superiority of Facebook over Twitter, the two most used platforms. Regarding the profile of whom they manage today the network in the Radio Station, it is notable that there is a lack of specific training in the community management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To grasp the current status of network public opinion (NPO) research and explore the knowledge base and hot trends from a quantitative perspective, we retrieved 1385 related papers and conducted a bibliometric mapping analysis on them. Co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis, co-citation analysis and keyword burst analysis were performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. The results show that the NPO is mainly distributed in the disciplinary fields associated with journalism and communication and public management. There are four main hotspots: analysis of public opinion, analysis of communication channels, technical means and challenges faced. The knowledge base in the field of NPO research includes social media, user influence, and user influence related to opinion dynamic modeling and sentiment analysis. With the advent of the era of big data, big data technology has been widely used in various fields and to some extent can be said to be the research frontier in the field. Transforming big data public opinion into early warning, realizing in-depth analysis and accurate prediction of public opinion as well as improving decision-making ability of public opinion are the future research directions of NPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impact of social media usage such as Twitter during the March and April 2009 apparent flood danger to the Red River Valley, which separates the North Dakota and Minnesota in a region that extends across the U.S.-Canadian border into the province of Manitoba. It also assesses the credibility of public journalism and user-generated media. Further, it mentions that an analysis of tens of thousands of tweets sent during the flood threat period indicates mechanisms for information production, distribution and organization in use in the otherwise unmanageable information space of microblogging.

The article discusses online journalistic media formats with an emphasis on blogs. It asserts that the Internet has expanded the ways in which people can participate in journalism. Blogs, wikis, online social networks, forums, chat rooms, instant messaging, and news groups represent what has come to be known as social media, the article says. Social media have led to so-called citizen or participatory journalism, in which the power of public communication, circulation of information, and the setting of agendas has been devolved from traditional media entities to citizens, the article adds. Blogs as a journalistic medium are examined in detail.

Introduction: Social media has become one of the fastest-growing communication media in Indonesia. Its use for various purposes has been found to be very useful. Objectives: To know the usefulness of my social media contents in delivering mental health information. Methods: We gather information from the public using surveymonkeycom started on May 1st, 2017 until September 30th, 2017. We asked them to fill the survey form about their activity in social media and their opinion about my mental health awareness information. Results: 395 respondents conducted the survey. 94.9% (respondents) checked their social media accounts every day. Half of respondentsare18-29 years old range. 47.09% of respondents using social media every day to access health contents on the internet. Most of the respondents (47.8%) accessed my Facebook (5K friends and 12,887 followers) and 47.55% accessed my Twitter (35K followers). Our survey used self-assessment that used point (mentioned as a star from range 1 to 10, 1: least benefit, 10: very strong benefit). My Facebook account seemed to be the most popular social media that attracted people to get information about mental health, followed by my blog in Kompasiana Citizen Journalism and my Youtube channel (34K subscribers). Respondents founded my contents in social media to be useful with the points of 8.3 and add some knowledge to them with 8.5 points. Conclusions: Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube channel were still to be themost socialmedia that respondents thought to be informative to spread the awareness of psychosomatic issues and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social network burst in the Spanish Radio in the period between 2009-2010, transforming profoundly the relation with the listeners, and enriching significally the emission. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of this symbiosis among media, in addition to the disparate benefit among various distant channels regarding this new tool. We will test out this decisive use, but incipient, and the clear superiority of Facebook over Twitter, the two most used platforms. Regarding the profile of whom they manage today the network in the Radio Station, it is notable that there is a lack of specific training in the community management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on efforts by Steffen Leidel and Elena Ern to improve the quality of content on Latin American blogs and related forms of on-line citizen journalism through "blog re-visto" (www.revisto.de), a project of the German entity Deutsche Welle Akademie. It distinguishes between citizen news gathering and professional journalism, noting that news presented according to journalistic principles carries the highest quality, credibility, and overall value. Finding that Internet connectivity is increasing and improving in Latin America, the article describes the greatest challenge to citizen reporting as ensuring content quality.