Search

Abstract: A new epoxy resin matrix with good adherence to T800 carbon fibers (T800 CFs) in filament winding was developed by addition of hardener and resin diluter. Interfacial behavior of the T800 CF/epoxy composites was analyzed according to the Naval Ordnance laboratory (NOL) ring test, short-beam-shear test and fracture surface observation. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used in analysis of the interfacial behavior. The interfacial properties of the T800 CF/epoxy filament wound composites were improved by optimizing the matrices through increasing the toughness and reducing the viscosity, which is an important factor in influencing the wettability of T800 CFs. The Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the unidirectional T800 CF/epoxy composites and the tensile strength of NOL-ring in this work reached to 123 and 2570MPa, respectively. Also, the interfacial adhesion was much improved by the chemical reactions between the new matrix and the sizing on the T800 CFs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Petroleum-contaminated soil (PCS) is a global environmental issue. An effective remediation technique is urgently needed to address this problem. This study applied a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter (SAARB) to the decontamination and remediation of PCS. The effects of petroleum content, surfactant content, and water content on oil removal efficiency were studied, and the operation conditions were optimized using the response surface method. Results showed that contents of petroleum and water that were too high or too low depressed total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal. The presence of surfactant markedly reduced the TPH removal efficiency. The optimal operation conditions were the ratio of aged refuse to PCS = 1.6; water content = 41%; and petroleum content = 3.8%. The TPH removal efficiencies under optimized conditions and during a confirmatory experiment were 59.89% and 51.38%, respectively. PCS contained an abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and macro molecular alkanes, and these organic compounds were considerably removed by SAARB treatment. The microbial community exhibited a marked change at both phylum level and genus level after 3 months of remediation in the PCS. At the genus level, norank_f _SS1–B-06-26 became the most dominant; further isolation and verification experiments for its ability to degrade petroleum are needed. In addition, the abundance of norank_o _Saccharimonadales , Aquabacterium , Hydrogenophaga, and norank_f_ Saccharimonadaceae, which can degrade hydrocarbons, also increased. This study provides a theoretical reference for SAARB application in the remediation of PCS. • Petroleum-contaminated soil was remediated by SAARB technique. • Total petroleum hydrocarbon removal by SAARB was more than 50% under idea condition. • Petroleum hydrocarbons were degraded by SAARB, according to 3D-EEM and GC-MS analysis. • Microbial structure greatly changed after remediating by SAARB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroblastoma (NB) is considered a highly prevalent extracranial solid tumor in young children, and the upregulation of N-myc proto-oncogene (MYCN) is closely associated with the late stages of NB and poor prognostic outcomes. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of exosomal microRNA (miRNA/miR)-17-5p from MYCN-amplified NB cells on the proliferative and migratory potential of non-MYCN amplified NB cells. miR-17-5p was found to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade by targeting PTEN, and the overexpression of miR-17-5p was found to promote cellular migration and proliferation in vitro. Further experimentation revealed that the elevated expression of miR-17-5p in SK-N-BE(2) cell-derived exosomes significantly promoted the proliferative and migratory capacities of SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting PTEN. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that miR-17-5p derived from MYCN-amplified NB cell exosomes promoted the migration and proliferation of non-MYCN amplified cells, highlighting an exosome-associated malignant role for miR-17-5p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development and application of Fenton and ozonation systems in landfill leachate treatment over the last 20 years, and the current research status are reviewed in this paper, with an emphasis on the technical and economic characteristics of Fenton and ozonation systems used to treat different types of landfill leachate. To date, a total of 101 and 78 articles have been published regarding leachate treatment by Fenton and ozonation systems, respectively. These articles considered the use of two systems to treat aged leachate, biologically treated leachate and leachate comprising the concentrated solution resulting from reverse osmosis (RO). The oxidization mechanisms of the two systems used to treat landfill leachate significantly differed in terms of their optimal process parameters (e.g., initial pH value, reagent dosage, and reaction time) and removal efficiency. The Fenton and ozonation systems outperformed persulfate-based advanced oxidation technology in terms of their improved biodegradability of landfill leachate and engineering practicability. The cost of the reagents required to treat landfill leachate by Fenton and ozonation systems accounted for at least 85% of the total operating cost. In contrast to the ozonation system, the Fenton system was more cost-effective when both systems were used to treat the same type of landfill leachate. This study provides a theoretical basis for the operation of Fenton and ozonation systems and also offers technical support for landfill leachate disposal companies that opt to use these technologies. Unlabelled Image • Studies of landfill leachate disposal by Fenton and ozonation systems were reviewed. • Water quality characteristics were determined for different leachate. • Mechanism, parameters, and efficiency in Fenton and ozonation systems were discussed. • Operating costs of Fenton and ozonation systems were established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease. Recent studies showed its pathogenesis involved circular RNA (circRNA). However, the role of circ_0060531 in psoriasis development and the behind mechanism remain to be explored. Psoriasis cell model was constructed by treating keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) using interleukin 22 (IL-22). Expression of circ_0060531, microRNA-330-5p (miR-330-5p) and GRB2 associated binder 1 (GAB1) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The functional effects of circ_0060531 on IL-22-caused cell injury were investigated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine, wound-healing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Protein expression was analysed by Western blot. The interactions among circ_0060531, miR-330-5p and GAB1 were identified by dual-luciferase reporter or RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Circ_0060531 and GAB1 expression were significantly increased, while miR-330-5p was decreased in psoriatic skin biopsies and IL-22-stimulated HaCaT cells in comparison with controls. In function, circ_0060531 knockdown assuaged IL-22-induced cell proliferation, cell migration and inflammation. Besides, circ_0060531 acted as a miR-330-5p sponge, and regulated the processes of IL-22-treated HaCaT cells by binding to the miRNA. Under the treatment of IL-22, miR-330-5p mediated HaCaT cell damage by targeting GAB1. Importantly, circ_0060531 modulated GAB1 production by interacting with miR-330-5p. Circ_0060531 knockdown assuaged IL-22-induced keratinocyte dysfunction through miR-330-5p/GAB1 pathway, proving a novel target for the therapy of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaics (PV) deployment is not easy in dense urban areas because there is little space for the installation. Furthermore, tenants have few incentives to install PV panels because they frequently relocate, and most PV facilities are nonremovable. To address these factors, this study reports on an innovative model that collectively installed 260 W of mini-PV on the balconies of almost all the households in two high-rise apartment complexes in Seoul, South Korea. This project was unique in that it established energy commons in a community using private space. This study found that economic and social factors significantly influenced community-internal or micro factors, which in turn affected the success of the community energy project. Economic factors such as the expected economic benefit and residents paying no direct installation costs shaped the initial conditions for the commencement of the project. Leadership played a key role by speeding up the process, relieving residents' concerns and distrust. This study introduced an innovative community energy model that can be referenced by megacities and communities. It provides opportunities for enhancing awareness of energy transition via on-site energy production using renewable energy and allows even communities that have insufficient common space to build energy commons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have been developed for cartilage regeneration, however, there is no consensus on the preferable method for biocompatible scaffolds that enhance regeneration and attenuate inflammation. We designed a 3D porous electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) @gelatin-based scaffold by a novel method. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), commonly used in clinical cartilage treatment, is capable of regulating cartilage formation and inhibiting inflammation. Thus we further functionalized the 3D scaffold by crosslinking of CS, assuming that CS-functionalized scaffold (CSS) would promote cartilage regeneration and modulate inflammation. We confirmed that CSS exhibits not only appropriate reversible compressibility and mechanical property, but also appropriate biocompatibility, allowing cell proliferation. In vitro , the potential of CSS for chondrogenic differentiation was improved compared to control and PLA@gelatin scaffold as chondrogenic markers Collagen2 and Aggrecan was significantly increased. Meanwhile, significant reduction in two crucial inflammatory factors (NO and PGE2) in CSS group demonstrated inflammation inhibition. In vivo , rabbit cartilage defects were created and CSS effectively promoted cartilage repair. Additionally, superior anti-inflammation effect of CSS was demonstrated by reduction in iNOS and PGES, enzymes producing NO and PGE2, respectively by immunohistology. Our results indicated the preferable property of CSS for cartilage regeneration and its potential in immunoregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DOM composition in landfill and incineration leachate was systematically compared. • Transformations of the DOM molecular compositions by MBR/NF were investigated. • Phenolic compounds, polyphenols and polycyclic aromatics enriched in MBR leachate. • NF lowered the DOM abundances but with more complex DOM in the NF concentrate. • Coagulation in conjunction with an advanced O 3 /H 2 O 2 process was used to treat NF concentrate. Transformations of the molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in incineration leachate (IL) were investigated. Results revealed that DOM in IL had a lower oxidation degree than that in mature MSW landfill leachate (LL). Moreover, aliphatic compounds (2.0 ≥ H/C ≥ 1.5) having the highest bioavailability were the most abundant type of DOM in IL, making IL significantly more biodegradable than LL. Under microbial actions, etc., DOM composed of phenolic compounds (aromaticity index (AI) ≤ 0.50 and H/C < 1.5), polyphenols (0.66 ≥ AI > 0.50) and polycyclic aromatics (AI > 0.66) in MBR-treated effluents were enriched and more diverse than in the untreated leachates. Nanofiltration (NF) dramatically lowered the relative abundances of phenolic compounds, polyphenols and polycyclic aromatics in effluent generated by treatment of IL in a MBR. Although the concentration of DOM in NF effluent was comparatively low, the DOM compositions in the resulting NF concentrate were nearly identical to those in MBR effluent, but were more complex than those in an international standard DOM due to a higher content of CHOS and CHONS heteroatomic compounds. Particularly, coagulation in conjunction with ozone/hydrogen peroxide oxidation process were dramatically reduced most polyphenols and polycyclic aromatics from the NF concentrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemically unstable natural products are prone to show their reactivity in the procedures of extraction, purification, or identification and turn into contaminants as so-called "artifacts". However, identification of artifacts requires considerable investments in technical equipment, time, and human resources. For revealing these reactive natural products and their artifacts by computational approaches, we set up a virtual screening system to seek cases in a biochemical database. The screening system is based on deep learning models of predicting the two main classifications of conversion reactions from natural products to artifacts, namely solvolysis and oxidation. A set of result data was reviewed for checking validity of the screening system, and we screened out a batch of reactive natural products and their probable artifacts. This work provides some insights into the formations of natural product artifacts, and the result data may act as warnings regarding the improper handling of biological matrixes in multicomponent extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landfill leachate contains high concentrations of complex organic matter (OM) that can severely impact the ecological environment. If landfill leachate is to be treated using a combined "biological + advanced treatment" process, the molecular information of OM must be investigated to optimize the operation parameters of the combined process and maximize the removal of organic pollutants. This study applied ultra-high resolution mass spectroscopy to investigate the degradation and transformation characteristics of refractory OM in mature landfill leachate at the molecular level (m / z = 150–800) during biological treatment (i.e., semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter, SAARB) and subsequent chemical oxidation (i.e., the Fenton process and ozonation). After SAARB treatment, the polycyclic aromatics (aromatic index, AI > 0.66) and polyphenol (0.66 ≥ AI > 0.50) contents increased, and the highly unsaturated phenolic compounds (AI ≤ 0.50 and H/C < 1.5), which have a high bioavailability, were mostly removed. Compared with raw leachate, SAARB effluent (i.e., SAARB leachate) contained fewer organics with short carbon chains, more organics with long carbon chains, an elevated condensation degree for organics and, thus, a considerably reduced biodegradability. Although both the Fenton and ozonation processes could remove many of the polycyclic aromatics and polyphenols, ozone produced considerable amounts of aliphatic compounds with high bioavailability. Compared to ozonation, the Fenton process utilized the hydroxyl radical to non-selectively react with OM and produced better mineralization results. Unlabelled Image • The Fenton process had a better mineralization effect for leachate treatment. • The SAARB process cannot remove polycyclic aromatic and polyphenol compounds. • Transformation of DOM in Chemical treatment was characterized by ESI FT-ICR MS. • The types of OM targeted by ozonation and the Fenton process are quite different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current close-to-smart power systems, renewable energies are the most significant elements that need to be carefully addressed in power system studies. In this regard, microgrids (MGs) have been introduced recently to activate the large penetration of renewables. However, integration of such generation technologies that are associated with severe uncertainty in their power output would significantly impact the scheduling of energy resources in MGs. Thus, efficient energy management systems are required to be employed in MGs. Therefore, this paper presents a day-ahead scheduling framework for an MG equipped with a solar photovoltaic (PV) unit. In this respect, different climate conditions and their impacts on the power output of the PV unit and the optimal scheduling of the MG have been investigated in this paper. To this end, four different days from the four seasons have been used to extract the data of solar irradiance. The scheduling problem has been formulated in a single-objective optimization framework, where the objective function is defined as minimizing the total operating cost over the scheduling period. An effective optimization algorithm named "modified krill herd (MKH)" algorithm is proposed to solve the mentioned day-ahead scheduling problem, while there are renewable and non-renewable generating units, besides an energy storage system. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison has been made between the MKH algorithm and some well-known optimization algorithms to verify the superior performance of the suggested method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Refractory organics are degraded by the synergistic effects of MW with PS and H 2 O 2. • The MW/PS process degrades organics better than the MW/H 2 O 2 process. • Differences in DOM degradation mechanisms were revealed at the molecular level. • Humus is better degraded in the MW/PS process due to the major contribution of SO 4 -. This study investigated the degradation of organics in mature leachate treated by microwave radiation-activated persulfate (MW/PS) and hydrogen peroxide (MW/H 2 O 2) processes. Obvious synergistic effects existed in both the MW/PS and MW/H 2 O 2 processes, but were significantly higher in the MW/PS process. Refractory organics were better degraded by the MW/PS process than the MW/H 2 O 2 process due to the major contribution of SO 4 –. Moreover, according to Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization analysis results, the refractory organics (e.g. polycyclic aromatics (AI > 0.66), polyphenols (0.66 ≥ AI > 0.50)) were greatly degraded by both the MW/H 2 O 2 and MW/PS processes, but the MW/PS process degraded dissolved organic matter (DOM) over a wider range than the MW/H 2 O 2 process due to the different dominant radicals in the two processes. In addition, after reaction in the MW/PS process, the O/C ratio of DOM in the treated effluent showed an obvious increase, which can be mainly attributed to the reaction of sulfate radicals with the N- and S- containing compounds via single electron transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A combined process to treated landfill leachate was studied at the molecular level. • Mature landfill leachate contained a variety of organics with low bioavailability. • A membrane bioreactor can remove some organics from mature landfill leachate. • A reverse osmosis system can almost completely remove organics from mature leachate. This study investigated the effectiveness of a combined membrane bioreactor (MBR) and reverse osmosis (RO) process for treating leachate produced by a large-scale anaerobic landfill. The MBR process had limited treatment efficiency for removing organic pollutants, but when combined with RO, the integrated system completely removed macromolecular compounds (i.e., humic- and fulvic-like substances) and produced effluent that satisfied the applicable discharge standard. The landfill leachate contained many types of DOM that had high molecular weight and were highly unsaturated. Although the MBR process removed some DOM that had a relatively low saturated degree (mainly aliphatic compounds (2.0 ≥ H/C ≥ 1.5) with relatively high bioavailability), many bio-refractory compounds were not removed. The RO system greatly reduced the content of residual DOM in MBR effluent and was effective for removing heteroatom DOM, especially polycyclic aromatics (AI > 0.66) and polyphenols (0.66 ≥ AI > 0.50). The effluent from the combined process of MBR and RO treatment mainly contained a small number of aliphatic compounds and phenolic compounds (AI ≤ 0.50 and H/C < 1.5) that had higher bioavailability than DOM in the raw leachate and posed little environmental risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine translation of chemical nomenclature has considerable application prospect in chemical text data processing between languages. However, rule based machine translation tools have to face significant complication in rule sets building, especially in translation of chemical names between English and Chinese, which are the two most used languages of chemical nomenclature in the world. We applied two types of neural networks in the task of chemical nomenclature translation between English and Chinese, and made a comparison with an existing rule based machine translation tool. The result shows that deep learning based approaches have a great chance to precede rule based translation tools in machine translation of chemical nomenclature between English and Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to statistics, falls are the primary cause of injury or death for the elderly over 65 years old. About 30% of the elderly over 65 years old fall every year. Along with the increase in the elderly fall accidents each year, it is urgent to find a fast and effective fall detection method to help the elderly fall.The reason for falling is that the center of gravity of the human body is not stable or symmetry breaking, and the body cannot keep balance. To solve the above problem, in this paper, we propose an approach for reorganization of accidental falls based on the symmetry principle. We extract the skeleton information of the human body by OpenPose and identify the fall through three critical parameters: speed of descent at the center of the hip joint, the human body centerline angle with the ground, and width-to-height ratio of the human body external rectangular. Unlike previous studies that have just investigated falling behavior, we consider the standing up of people after falls. This method has 97% success rate to recognize the fall down behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilters (SAARB) are known to efficiently remove organic matter, nitrogenous substances, and anions from landfill leachate. However, long-term recirculation of mature landfill leachate inevitably leads to accumulation of pollutants and decreases treatment capacity. In this study, the washing action provided by domestic sewage was used to recover and even enhance the treatment performance of SAARBs treating mature landfill leachate. Three SAARB columns were operated for 300 d after which a "Recirculation-Washing-Recirculation" sequence was followed. In the first recirculation period (22 d), removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) decreased from ca. 90% and 60%, respectively, initially to about 75% and less than 20%, respectively. Thereafter, washing (20 d) of the SAARBs was accomplished by applying domestic sewage. In the subsequent second recirculation period (30 d), the SAARBs were operated at the same hydraulic loading as used initially, but achieved high (ca. 90%) COD and relatively high (ca. 59%–76%) TN removal, including degradation of refractory organic matter such as humic- and fulvic-like substances. Overall, the mechanisms of the treatment performance recovery (including organics degradation and nitrification-denitrification) using domestic sewage can be attributed to three main effects: (1) some accumulated pollutants were washed out, thereby leading to recovery of the adsorption ability of aged refuse; (2) the inhibition of bio-refractory organics stress on microbial activities was mitigated by domestic sewage washing; and (3) the wash out of some accumulated salts (e.g., chloride and sulfate ions) probably helped the microbial activity recover. • A "Recirculation-Washing-Recirculation" sequence was operated in SAARBs. • SAARBs treated landfill leachate and were washed with domestic sewage. • Pollutant removal from landfill leachate was improved by washing action. • Microbial activity was improved after washing action. • Washing action greatly promote nitrification-denitrification within SAARBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet-quenching substances (UVQS), recently identified pollutants in landfill leachate, can interfere with ultraviolet disinfection when landfill leachate is co-treated with municipal sewage. This study investigated the elimination of UVQS in mature landfill leachates through a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a semi-aerobic aged refuse biofilter (SAARB). Humus (i.e., fulvic and humic acids) was the main component of organic matter in both MBR- and SAARB-treated landfill leachates, while there was a more stable chemical structure of humus in the MBR-treated leachate. The concentration of UVQS in MBR-treated mature landfill leachate was higher than that of SAARB-treated leachate. Ozonation can degrade UVQS effectively, especially for landfill leachate containing a high concentration UVQS (i.e., MBR-treated landfill leachate). However, a large accumulation of small molecule acid might be caused by ozonation for highly concentrated UVQS in landfill leachate, leading to the delayed degradation of total organic carbon. Moreover, ozonation degraded both fulvic acid and humic acid; and degraded humic acid more effectively. For instance, 88.0% removal (MBR-CP2) and 96.0% removal (SAARB-CP2) of humic acid was higher than those (83.3% for MBR-CP1 and 92.3% for SAARB-CP1) of fulvic acid. The destruction of UV-quenching functional groups of organics (such as C C) by ozone was the main UVQS degradation mechanism of ozonation applied to MBR- and SAARB-treated landfill leachates. Therefore, the ozonation process can efficiently decrease UV absorption intensity in both MBR- and SAARB-treated landfill leachates. • More leachate UVQS can be reduced by SAARB (6.35 cm−1) than MBR (29.85 cm−1). • Humus is the main UVQS in MBR- and SAARB-treated landfill leachates. • Humic can be degraded more efficient than fulvic in ozonation process. • Ozonation process can destruct UV-quenching polar functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cartilage decellularized matrix (CDM) is processed into inks for 3D printing. • CDM-based scaffolds with controlled 3D shape and pore structure are obtained. • Fibers can improve the mechanical property of 3D-printed CDM scaffolds. • 3D-printed fiber-reinforced CDM scaffolds exhibit elasticity in wet condition. • Fiber-reinforced CDM scaffolds can repair articular cartilage defects in rabbits. Cartilage decellularized matrix (CDM) is considered a promising biomaterial for fabricating cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds. An ideal CDM-based scaffold should possess customizable 3D shape for complex tissue regeneration and proper pore size for cell infiltration, as well as provide mechanical support for cell growth. 3D printing is an efficiently technique for preparing customizable 3D scaffolds, however, fabricating CDM-based 3D-printed scaffolds with customizable shapes, proper pore structure and satisfactory mechanical properties remains a challenge. In the current study, to achieve customizable CDM-based 3D scaffolds, CDM was successfully processed into inks suitable for 3D printing. Further, the poor mechanics of CDM-based scaffolds were significantly improved by adding electrospinning fiber into the CDM-based inks for 3D printing. Importantly, the 3D-printed electrospinning fiber-reinforced CDM-based scaffold presented good biocompatibility and can enhance repair articular cartilage defects in rabbits. The current study provides a novel strategy for printing electrospinning fiber-reinforced CDM-based scaffolds for tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MW-PS-H 2 O 2 binary-oxidant process was firstly used to treat DDNP wastewater. • The oxidant utilization rate considerably increased with the binary oxidant process. • Both S O 4 · - and · O H were major contributions to organics degradation. Microwave (MW) irradiation is a superior approach to a warm-up system than conventional heating, and persulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) can be efficiently activated to produce a reactive oxygen species for organic degradation. However, shortcomings remain regarding whether to use a low oxidant or the low treatment efficiency of a single oxidant process. In this study, a PS-H 2 O 2 binary oxidant process induced by MW was developed to treat dinitrodiazophenol industrial wastewater. The best chemical oxygen demand (COD) (73.5%) and color number (CN) (98.1%) removal efficiencies were obtained for the MW-PS-H 2 O 2 process under conditions of a total oxidant dose = 7.4 mM and n(PS)/n(H 2 O 2) = 3.7/3.7. In the MW-PS-H 2 O 2 process, the combination of ·OH and SO 4 − better degrades organics in DDNP industrial wastewater with the advantages of lower residual salinity (sulfate ions) and less invalid decomposition of excessive H 2 O 2. In addition, benzene ring substances and functional group substances were greatly degraded, and the molecular weight of the organics considerably decreased as a result of the MW-PS-H 2 O 2 process. Overall, the results demonstrate that the MW-PS-H 2 O 2 process is a promising treatment method for dinitrodiazophenol industrial wastewater with high treatment efficacy and high oxidant utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Provincial CO 2 emissions of China are investigated from different perspectives. • Embodied emission flows driven by final demands and primary inputs are quantified. • Income-based emissions are relatively higher in energy resource-abundant province. • Tertiary industries are the major contributors to China's income-based emissions. Emission accounting can help to identify main CO 2 emitters and inform emission mitigation policymaking. Previous studies have proved that the application of different accounting principles results in different emission levels, thus bring different policy implications, while the emissions enabled by primary inputs (or income-based emission) have been overlooked in studies for carbon mitigation in China. Understanding the role of primary inputs in CO 2 emissions is a prerequisite to create efficient supply-side mitigation policies. Here, we conduct a quantitative study of China's provincial production-, consumption-, and income-based CO 2 emissions in a unified multi-regional input-output analysis framework. The results are compared from the three perspectives for 30 provinces in China to help the government identify the main policy targets from production, demand, and supply sides. We found that 64% and 35% of China's emissions are transferred among provinces driven by final demands and primary inputs, respectively. Mitigation policies in heavily industrialized provinces, such as Hebei, Liaoning, and Henan, where the production-based emissions are higher than the consumption- and income-based emissions, should be focused on production side. Similarly, policies in eastern coastal developed provinces and resource-abundant provinces should be focused on demand- and supply-side, respectively. Moreover, we found that tertiary industries, which previous studies generally regard as low-carbon industries, are the major contributors to China's income-based CO 2 emissions with a total of 2026 Mt or 31% of China's total income-based CO 2 emissions. Thus, expanding tertiary industries without reducing their industrial linkages to carbon-intensive industries is not conducive to China's emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) electrospun fibrous scaffolds with customizable shapes and large pores is a challenging task. In this study, for the first time, one-dimensional (1D) gelatin/poly (lactic- co -glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun fibers were processed into inks suitable for 3D printing. By combining 3D printing and freeze drying, electrospun fiber-based inks were successfully fabricated into 3D-printed scaffolds (3DP) with precisely controlled shapes and large pores, in addition to fibrous surface morphologies similar to that of a native extracellular matrix (ECM). The 3DP exhibited good elasticity and water-induced shape memory, and was found to be superior to 3D-printed scaffolds fabricated using pure gelatin fibers and freeze-shaped scaffolds fabricated using non-fibrous gelatin/PLGA powder. Moreover, 3DP combined with chondrocytes achieved satisfactory cartilage regeneration in vivo. The novel strategy of 3D printing electrospun fibers established in this study provides a research model for the design and fabrication of multiple scaffolds for various tissue regeneration applications. Unlabelled Image • Electrospun fibers were processed into three-dimensional inks for the first time. • Fiber scaffolds with controlled shapes and large pores were successfully fabricated. • Three-dimensional printed fiber scaffolds exhibited elastic property in the wet condition. • Three-dimensional fiber scaffolds combined with chondrocytes achieved satisfactory cartilage regeneration in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metformin/glipizide tablets are a compound formulation composed of metformin hydrochloride and glipizide. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets of metformin/glipizide (500 mg/2.5 mg) in healthy Chinese subjects. We conducted a single-center, open-label, randomized, two-way crossover study with a total of 48 subjects enrolled (24 in each dietary group). The test or reference formulations were given to the subjects at random at a ratio of 1 : 1, with a seven-day washout period. Blood samples, collected at prearranged intervals before and up to 24 hours after dosage, were analyzed using validated LC-MS/MS technology to ascertain plasma concentrations of metformin and glipizide. Finally, 23 subjects completed the fasting and fed studies, respectively. In both studies, the 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (test/reference) of the C m ax , AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were all found to fall within the acceptable range for bioequivalence (80%–125%). The exposure of metformin/glipizide FDC tablets in vivo was not significantly affected by food. No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both the test and reference metformin/glipizide tablets exhibited bioequivalence and were well tolerated under both fasting and fed conditions. This trial is registered with CTR202686. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anaesthetic methods and drugs with rapid onset, rapid recovery and better postoperative analgesia are more suitable for rapid recovery in obstetric anaesthesia. We formulated the following hypothesis: a combination of mepivacaine and ropivacaine could provide a longer analgesic effect and have more advantages in terms of rapid-recovery indicators. Methods: A total of 180 pregnant women scheduled to undergo elective caesarean sections were randomly assigned to three surgical groups, which received 2% mepivacaine (Group M), 2% mepivacaine + 0.75% ropivacaine (Group MR) (Volume 1:1) or 0.75% ropivacaine (Group R) through an epidural catheter. The situation of postoperative analgesia and other indicators of rapid recovery were recorded. Results: One hundred and fifty patients were included in the final analysis. Their demographic data were similar. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of Group MR and Group R were lower than Group M at 1 and 2 h after surgery both at rest and with movement (P < 0.05), and the time to first ambulation in Group MR (17.38 ± 2.06 h) and Group M (17.20 ± 2.09 h) was shorter than that in Group R (22.18 ± 1.74 h) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Application of 2% mepivacaine combined with 0.75% ropivacaine for epidural anaesthesia can provide longer postoperative analgesia and earlier ambulation, these effect may be more suitable than that of 2% mepivacaine or 0.75% ropivacaine alone for caesarean section. Trial registration: This study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR 2300078288; date of registration: 04/12/2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NAZ2329 is the first cell-permeable small molecular allosteric inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor–type Z (PTPRZ), which was considered as a new potential molecular target for drug development in glioblastoma. A facile and high-efficient synthesis of NAZ2329 was developed by a straight-forward strategy starting from key ethoxy benzyl bromide intermediate obtained from commercially available 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-bandgap conjugated polymers with photocurrent response to near-infrared (NIR) wavelength are the basis of optoelectronic technologies such as semitransparent organic photovoltaics (STOPVs), NIR polymer photodetectors (PPDs), ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs), photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). Compared with inorganic-based photodetectors, PPDs, based on low-bandgap conjugated polymers with the chemical structures easy to be tuned, can achieve a wide range of spectral responses. On the other hand, this kind of polymers can enhance the short-circuit current (JSC) in TOPV by extending the absorption spectrum range. In this review, our focus will be on the development of low-bandgap conjugated polymers extending over 1000 nm and the performance of PPDs or OPVs. The perspective article summarizes the design strategy of such polymers, the derivation process of the useful heterocycles, absorption, bandgap, and energy levels. Thereafter, we will draw attention to the challenges and the possible research direction in the future to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the design of NIR polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: What is known and Objective: Meropenem, a broad‐spectrum carbapenem, is frequently used to treat severe bacterial infections in critically ill children. Recommendations for meropenem doses in adult infections are available; however, few studies have been published regarding the use of meropenem in children with sepsis, especially in those receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of meropenem in children with sepsis receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Methods: This was a prospective observational clinical study of children with sepsis receiving ECMO or CRRT in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a children's hospital. The enrolled children received 20 mg/kg meropenem infusion over 1 hour, every 8 hours, and were grouped into children receiving ECMO, children receiving CRRT and children receiving neither ECMO nor CRRT. Plasma meropenem concentrations were determined using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). The key PK parameters were determined using the non‐compartmental approach. Results and discussion: Twenty‐seven patients were finally enrolled. The eCLCR of the CRRT group was lower than that of the ECMO group. The values of elimination half‐life (t1/2), area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUCtau), area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞), and total clearance (CL) in the ECMO group were not different from those of the other groups (all p > 0.05). However, the AUCtau (p = 0.0137) and AUC0‐∞ (p = 0.0234) significantly decreased after filtration through a hemofiltration membrane in patients receiving CRRT. What is new and Conclusion: No significant alterations in the PK parameters of meropenem occurred in children with sepsis administered ECMO and/or CRRT. Further investigations including PK modelling could provide evidence for appropriate meropenem dosing regimens during ECLS administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blonanserin is a novel oral antischizophrenic drug. Under fasting (n = 50) and fed (n = 60) conditions, this study compared the bioequivalence of the generic blonanserin tablet with the reference blonanserin tablet. In this single‐center, randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, 2‐sequence, crossover study, 110 patients were randomly given a 4‐mg dose of either the test or reference blonanserin tablet with a 14‐day washout period. Blood samples were taken before performing and up to 72 hours following. A validated high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry technique was used to measure the levels of blonanserin in plasma. Safety was evaluated throughout the study. The study found no significant differences in the maximum observed drug concentration in the plasma (Cmax), the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last sampling time (AUC0‐t), and the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐∞) between the 2 blonanserin formulations. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the test/reference formulations for Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were within the 80%‐125% limit. Food dramatically raised blonanserin exposure, and also significantly prolonged the lag time of absorption. No serious adverse events occurred. These results indicate that the 2 blonanserin formulations were bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. In clinical treatment, it is necessary to consider the food effect of blonanserin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurological emergency in pediatric patients. This study aimed to screen for prognostic biomarkers of SE in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using metabolomics. Methods: Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) was conducted to identify prognostic biomarkers in CSF metabolomics by comparing the poor outcome group (N = 13) with the good outcome group (N = 15) of children with SE. Differentially expressed metabolites were identified using Mann–Whitney U test corrected by Benjamini‐Hochberg and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). Results: The PLS‐DA model identified and validated significant metabolic differences between the poor and good outcome groups of children with SE (PLS‐DA with R2Y = 0.992 and Q2 = 0.798). A total of 49 prognosis‐related metabolites were identified. Of these metabolites, 20 including glutamyl‐glutamine, 3‐iodothyronamine, and L‐fucose had an area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 80% in prognostic prediction of SE. The logistic regression model combining glutamyl‐glutamine and 3‐iodothyronamine produced an AUC value of 0.976, with a sensitivity of 0.863 and specificity of 0.956. Pathway analysis revealed that dysregulation of the citrate cycle (TCA) and arginine biosynthesis may contribute to poor SE prognosis. Conclusions: This study highlighted the prognosis‐related metabolomic disturbances in the CSF of children with SE and identified potential prognostic biomarkers. A prognostic prediction model combining glutamyl‐glutamine and 3‐iodothyronamine with high predictive value was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The identification of the working status of the welder. • Promoting the intelligentization of welding work monitoring. • An improved algorithm based on SSD(single shot multibox detector). • Replacing the backbone of SSD with MobileNet, and adding a feature fusion module. As enhance of safety requirement in the smart cities, biometrics recognition, as an approach for society safety, has been greatly researched and developed. The identification of working status of welders will help judge whether they are wearing personal protective equipment correctly. We proposed an improved algorithm based on SSD (Single Shot Multibox Detector) that can identify three mainstream manual welding methods including SMAW (shielded metal arc welding), GMAW (gas metal arc welding) and TIG (tungsten inert gas), which has never been researched before and can promote the intelligentization of welding monitoring to construct smart cities. The improvement includes two parts. Firstly, the backbone of SSD is replaced with MobileNetV3. Then, a feature fusion module is added to enhance the information of low-level feature maps to improve detection accuracy. The experimental results of our welding behavior detector show that, the mAP is 87.45%, detection speed is 25FPS, and parameter memory is 87.5 MB, which has a relatively excellent performance considering speed, accuracy and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multi-period frame transient switching control (MP-TSC) scheme for buck converter with a controlled coupled inductor, aiming at improving the load transient response. The proposed buck converter utilizes a controlled coupled inductor as the output inductor. During a load transient, the coupled inductor is controlled as a small equivalent inductance so as to achieve fast transient regulation. While in the steady state, the coupled inductor behaves as a large inductance to reduce the output current ripple. Furthermore, on the basis of the proposed variable inductance circuit, an MP-TSC control scheme is proposed and implemented in a digital form. With the proposed control scheme, the load transient event is divided into n + 1 sub-periods, and in each sub-period, the capacitor-charge balance principle is used to determine the switching time sequence. Moreover, the control principle design and transient response index analysis are provided. Furthermore, its feasibility is validated in simulation and experiment with a 12–3.3V low-voltage high-current synchronous buck converter. Experimental results demonstrate that the voltage deviation of the proposed MP-TSC scheme (coupled coefficient of the controlled coupled inductor is 0.52) has improved by more than 79% compared to that with the auxiliary circuit disabled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Degradation of BPA was investigated by · OH - and SO 4 · - - AOPs. • The TOC removal rate achieved 36% and 24% for the catalyzed H 2 O 2 and persulfate. • BPA followed different transformation pathways in two systems. • The less radical scavenging may led to the higher removal of BPA by catalyzed H 2 O 2. • The magnetic fly ash presented good structural stability during the recycle runs. Abstract In this study, H 2 O 2 and persulfate (PS) were both proved to be heterogeneously catalyzed by the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle supported on coal fly ash for reactive oxidation species (ROS). The two heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were systematically investigated, and the system with H 2 O 2 exhibited higher reactivity for Bisphenol A (BPA) elimination and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. The two systems were comprehensively compared in terms of degradation kinetics, transformation way, water matrix species and catalyst stability. Systems with H 2 O 2 and PS can remove 100% and 80.2% of the BPA after 120 min (0.22 mmol/L), respectively([H 2 O 2 ] = 22 mmol/L, [PS] = 22 mmol/L). The oxidant efficiency in system with H 2 O 2 was obviously higher probably due to the less radical scavenging. A mechanism was proposed that the interface interactions between solid and liquid phase will affect the collision among molecular of oxidants and catalyst, as well as the lifetime of radicals during the their diffusion process. The quenching experiments demonstrated that the primary radical species in two systems were · OH and SO 4 · - / · OH , respectively, thus causing the different BPA degradation pathways and by-products. The catalyst presented good structural stability and relatively low Fe leaching in both systems during the recycle. The valence state transformation from Fe2+ to Fe3+ after the reaction explained the gradual catalytic activity loss. In the tap water and municipal wastewater, the system with PS was less influenced by the real water matrix due to the lower university of SO 4 · - toward organics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Determination of Acidolysis Hydrocarbons in Oil/Gas Geochemical Exploration Sample By Gas Chromatograph," by Chen Weiming and colleagues is presented.

Highlights • A heterogeneously catalyzed H 2 O 2 /persulfate system was investigated. • Bisphenol A can be effectively degraded in the binary oxidants system. • The oxidants ratios and solution pH affected the system efficiency and radicals. Abstract Bisphenol A is one of the typical endocrine chemicals that can be found in many different kinds of water bodies. A heterogeneously catalyzed H 2 O 2 /peroxydisulfate system coupled with magnetite supported on coal fly ash was investigated for the degradation of bisphenol A. The activity tests results showed that the bisphenol A (50 mg/L) degradation efficiency of 60 min in the binary oxidants system can be significantly enhanced from 16.7% to 100% after the addition of catalyst ([oxidants] 0 = 20 mM, [H 2 O 2 ] 0 /[PDS] 0 = 4, [Catalyst] = 2 g/L, pH = 5, T = 25 °C), while the oxidation process can be affected by solution pH, catalyst surface properties and oxidant ratios. Based on the results of quenching experiments, it was proposed that in a binary system, there were 3 radicals including hydroxyl radical, sulfate radical and superoxide radical possibly responsible for the bisphenol A degradation, and either radical may predominate over the other two depending on the adsorption behaviors on the catalyst surface as well as the radicals' inter-conversions. The stability and reusability analysis of catalyst were carried out in 7 sequential batch studies. The negligible concentration of dissolved Fe ion in first 4 runs illustrated the dominant role of heterogeneous process, while the gradually leached Fe ion in following runs demonstrated the involvement of homogeneous process. The findings of this study strongly suggest that the heterogeneous binary oxidant system is a promising treatment technology for the abatement of bisphenol A, while the suitable oxidant ratio and solution pH are essential for making the most of the radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the authors attempted to present a detailed study on the adsorption of bovine hemoglobin (BHB) by sulfonated polystyrene nanospheres (SPS NSs). The adsorption characteristics including adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied in detail. The adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Langmuir model, leading to a remarkable adsorption capacity of 2831.4 mg g−1. Such an adsorption capacity is among the highest values reported in the literature. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed by the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intra‐particle diffusion equations. The thermodynamic parameters including binding site, binding affinity, and changes of enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry measurements. The electrostatic interaction of BHB and SPS NSs was identified as the major adsorption mechanism. The effects of solution pH, temperature and competitive metal ions in the adsorption process were studied. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of the adsorption process was determined to be 2.34 kJ mol−1. Sulfonated polystyrene nanospheres (SPS NSs) were used to extract bovine hemoglobin (BHB) from aqueous solutions via electrostatic interaction. The adsorption isotherms were better fitted by the Langmuir model, leading to a remarkable adsorption capacity of 2831.4 mg g−1. Such an adsorption capacity is among the highest values reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated persulfates are efficient reagents for oxidation of organic contaminants and water treatment. Various compounds are currently used to activate persulfates, but there is a need for cheap and efficient activators. Here, we report the first use of steel slag, an industrial solid waste, as a solid activator for peroxydisulfate activation. We tested this system for bisphenol A degradation. Results indicate that about 70% of bisphenol A can be removed within 1 h. Conditions were 50 μg/L of bisphenol A, 2 g/L of peroxydisulfate, 3 g/L of steel slag and temperature of 298 K. The components and surface morphology of unused and recycled steel slag were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, whereas the main reactive oxygen species were elucidated by using radical scavengers. Findings show that both base oxides and iron oxides are responsible for peroxydisulfate activation. A redox mechanism involving liquid and solid phases is proposed. Overall, this study reveals the successful recycling of steel slag to activate persulfates for water treatment, following the principle of ‘waste control by waste.’ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis is a critical condition affecting patients worldwide. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in sepsis contributes to organ dysfunction and mortality. The oXiris is a recently developed continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) hemofilter indicated for the adsorption of cytokines from the bloodstream. In our study, in a septic child, CRRT with three filters, including the oXiris hemofilter, resulted in a downregulation of inflammatory biomarkers and a reduction of vasopressors. Herein, we described the first report of such usage in septic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As for ripple-current mode control, it cannot achieve average current tracking, resulting in poor current accuracy and even current waveform distortion. Meanwhile, fast-scale instability may occur in some operating conditions. To solve these problems effectively, a current-ripple compensation (CRC) control technique is proposed in this paper. The error between the average of the controlled current and the reference current is compensated by certain compensation signal, achieving average current tracking while suppressing fast-scale instability. On this basis, the compensator in the outer-voltage loop is further simplified to a proportional part by introducing a rebuilt average reference current. The idea and design procedure of the proposed CRC control technique are discussed in detail. Accordingly, two available implementation schemes for the proposed CRC are presented, including slope compensated and parabolic compensated schemes. Finally, two application cases, respectively, to dc–dc Buck converter and Boost PFC converter, are presented to verify the proposed CRC control technique. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Cardiac fibrosis is a severe condition with limited therapeutic options and often occurs in chronic cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and myocardial infarction. There is currently a clear need to identify novel mediators of cardiac fibrosis to facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting cardiac fibrosis. Integrin subunit β-like 1 (ITGBL1), an extracellular matrix protein, has previously been implicated in various fibrotic diseases. However, the precise role of ITGBL1 in regulating myocardial fibrosis remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate whether ITGBL1 regulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced myocardial fibrosis in vitro and in vivo and the possible mechanism of action. It was found that the protein expressions of ITGBL1, Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1), and Snail were all increased significantly in fibrotic heart tissues from Ang II-infused mice and Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts, all of which were inhibited by the Ang II type I (AT1) receptor antagonist losartan. Silencing the ITGBL1/FOXQ1/Snail axis with specific siRNAs reversed Ang II-induced fibrotic effects and upregulation of FOXQ1 and Snail expressions in cardiac fibroblasts. FOXQ1 siRNA inhibited Snail expression in Ang II-induced cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, ITGBL1/FOXQ1 interacted with the TGF-β1 signaling to form a positive feedback loop. Our findings suggest that the extracellular matrix protein ITGBL1 mediates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis via the FOXQ1/Snail axis, which identifies ITGBL1 as a novel mediator of cardiac fibrosis and represents a potential therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis. [Display omitted] • Extracellular matrix protein ITGBL1 mediates Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis. • ITGBL1 regulates the FOXQ1/Snail axis to mediate cardiac fibrosis. • Inhibition of the FOXQ1/Snail axis prevents Ang II-induced fibrotic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the stability of the bridge structure, we detect bolts in the bridge which cause the symmetry failure of the bridge center. For data acquisition, bolts are small-scale objects under complex background in images, and their feature expression ability is limited. Due to those questions, we propose a new bolt positioning detection based on improved YOLOv5 for bridge structural health monitoring. This paper makes three major contributions. Firstly, according to the calibration anchor boxes of bolts, the size and proportion parameters of the initial anchor boxes are optimized by K-means++ clustering algorithm to solve the initial clustering problem of anchor boxes in object detection. Second, the hypercolumn (HC) technique fuses the low-level global features of the trunk and the high-level local features of three different scales to solve the problem of the inefficient distribution of anchors and insufficient extraction of classification features. In this way, we improve the detection accuracy and speed of bolt detection. Finally, we establish a dataset of bridge bolts through network collection and public datasets, including 1494 images. We compare and verify the new method in the collected bolt dataset. The experimental results show that the precision (P) of the improved YOLOv5x is up to 87.3%, and the average precision (AP) is up to 86.3%, which are 6.5% and 5.9% higher than the original YOLOv5x, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For single-atom catalysts (SACs), the catalyst supports are not only anchors for single atoms, but also modulators for geometric and electronic structures, which determine their catalytic performance. Selecting an appropriate support to prepare SACs with uniform coordination environments is critical for achieving optimal performance and clarifying the relationship between the structure and the property of SACs. Approaching such a goal is still a significant challenge. Taking advantage of the strong d-π interaction between Cu atoms and diacetylenic in a graphdiyne (GDY) support, we present an efficient and simple strategy for fabricating Cu single atoms anchored on GDY (Cu1/GDY) with uniform Cu1-C4 single sites under mild conditions. The Cu atomic structure was confirmed by combining synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The as-prepared Cu1/GDY exhibits much higher activity than state-of-the-art SACs in direct benzene oxidation to phenol with H2O2 reaction, with turnover frequency values of 251 h−1 at room temperature and 1889 h−1 at 60°C, respectively. Furthermore, even with a high benzene conversion of 86%, high phenol selectivity (96%) is maintained, which can be ascribed to the hydrophobic and oleophyllic surface nature of Cu1/GDY for benzene adsorption and phenol desorption. Both experiments and DFT calculations indicate that Cu1-C4 single sites are more effective at activating H2O2 to form Cu=O bonds, which are important active intermediates for benzene oxidation to phenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By fully utilizing the abundant surface functional groups of the fungus to coordinate with metal cobalt ions and the phosphorus and nitrogen elements of the organism itself to regulate the coordination environment of the central metal atoms, a cobalt-based single-atom catalyst TAHCF/Co-N was successfully constructed for selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatic compounds with good performance. [Display omitted] • Hyphae could be biocultured into macroscopic 3D structure. • Hyphae have natural functional groups for anchoring metal ions. • Fungal phosphorus sources could tailor the coordination of single metal sites. • The catalyst exhibits impressive performance for nitroarene hydrogenation. Utilizing biomass as a versatile catalyst building platform holds tremendous promise for catalyst design. In this study, we demonstrate a facile and effective method to fabricate high-performance catalysts using Trichoderma afroharzianum hyphae derived carbon fiber (TAHCF) embedded with Co 1 -N 3 P 1 active sites for nitroaromatic hydrogenation. This strategy leverages the intrinsic self-assembly and metal ion adsorption capabilities of Trichoderma afroharzianum (TA). During the carbonization process, amino acid-rich fungi undergo transformation into biochar substrates co-doped with functional heteroatoms, facilitating the creation of TAHCF single-atom catalyst. Moreover, the catalytic performance can be further enhanced by tailoring the coordination structure of metal atoms on the carbon substrates. Remarkably, we achieve a high turnover frequency of 1553 h−1 for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, along with exceptional conversion and selectivity for various nitro compounds with the metal loading as low as 0.02 wt%. Our study presents a characteristic synthetic method that advances the design of single-atom catalysts by leveraging the inherent structure characteristics of biomass in the pursuit of energy sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brachial plexus (BP) root injury often results in disability of the upper extremities. Improvements in high-frequency ultrasonography have enabled the visualization of BP nerve roots. This study was aimed at quantifying the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in BP root injury at different stages post-trauma. A consecutive series of 170 patients with BP root injury between 2015 and 2019 were studied retrospectively and divided into three groups on the basis of time between injury and ultrasound examination (≤1 mo, 1-3 mo, >3 mo). Diagnosis of complete BP root injury under ultrasound was determined using a pre-defined criterion, including pseudomeningocele, retraction and rupture. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated based on surgical findings and intra-operative electrophysiological tests. Rates of detection of the cervical (C5-C8) and thoracic (T1) nerve roots under ultrasound were 99.4%, 99.4%, 99.4%, 95.9% and 79.4%, respectively. The sensitivity for complete BP root injury was 0.74, and the specificity was 0.91. No significant differences in sensitivity or specificity were observed across time stages. Ultrasound exhibited substantial consistency with surgical findings (κ = 0.70) for complete BP root injury at any stage post-injury. Ultrasound can be an optional method of diagnosis of complete BP root injury at an early stage post-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrospun-aligned nanoyarn-reinforced nanofibrous scaffold (NRS) was developed for tendon tissue engineering to improve mechanical strength and cell infiltration. The novel scaffold composed of aligned nanoyarns and random nanofibers was fabricated via electrospinning using a two-collector system. The aim of the present study was to investigate three different types of electrospun scaffolds (random nanofibrous scaffold, aligned nanofibrous scaffold and NRS) based on silk fibroin (SF) and poly( l -lactide- co -caprolactone) blends. Morphological analysis demonstrated that the NRS composed of aligned nanoyarns and randomly distributed nanofibers formed a 3D microstructure with relatively large pore sizes and high porosity. Biocompatibility analysis revealed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited a higher proliferation rate when cultured on the NRS compared with the other scaffolds. The mechanical testing results indicated that the tensile properties of the NRS were reinforced in the direction parallel to the nanoyarns and satisfied the mechanical requirements for tendon repair. In addition, cell infiltration was significantly enhanced on the NRS. In conclusion, with its improved porosity and appropriate mechanical properties, the developed NRS shows promise for tendon tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative emission technologies (NETs) are becoming increasingly popular as an important means of combating climate change. However, NET development is still in its infancy compared with other solutions that have been thoroughly examined in the literature, such as renewable energies. Despite advances in the understanding of NETs, most existing studies are subject-constrained, case-driven, and literature-based, leaving a lack of comprehensive tracking of the wide range of NET options at a more granular level. The present study aims to fill this research gap from a patent standpoint by providing a thorough assessment of global technical improvements and achievements occurring in this domain over a 40-year timeline. After two rounds of rigorous screening of 936 patent families originally retrieved using a set of widely recognized patent search queries for NETs, our analysis kept 891 patents pertaining to 452 patent families. Then, the historical evolution and geographical distribution of these negative emission innovations were investigated, as well as tracked changes in technological hotspots, and innovation drivers and knowledge flows were identified. To advise on and steer the future direction of prospective NET breakthroughs, the study highlighted 16 subcategories of technologies within five NET categories. • The progress in patented negative emissions innovations is dissected in this study. • We studied the historical evolution of nine types of NET patenting over 40 years. • The forces driving progress in patenting in diverse NETs are identified. • Sixteen prospective clusters are proposed as future breakthrough opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative emission technologies (NETs) are becoming increasingly popular as an important means of combating climate change. However, NET development is still in its infancy compared with other solutions that have been thoroughly examined in the literature, such as renewable energies. Despite advances in the understanding of NETs, most existing studies are subject-constrained, case-driven, and literature-based, leaving a lack of comprehensive tracking of the wide range of NET options at a more granular level. The present study aims to fill this research gap from a patent standpoint by providing a thorough assessment of global technical improvements and achievements occurring in this domain over a 40-year timeline. After two rounds of rigorous screening of 936 patent families originally retrieved using a set of widely recognized patent search queries for NETs, our analysis kept 891 patents pertaining to 452 patent families. Then, the historical evolution and geographical distribution of these negative emission innovations were investigated, as well as tracked changes in technological hotspots, and innovation drivers and knowledge flows were identified. To advise on and steer the future direction of prospective NET breakthroughs, the study highlighted 16 subcategories of technologies within five NET categories. • The progress in patented negative emissions innovations is dissected in this study. • We studied the historical evolution of nine types of NET patenting over 40 years. • The forces driving progress in patenting in diverse NETs are identified. • Sixteen prospective clusters are proposed as future breakthrough opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging pathogen that leads to severe outcomes, especially in pediatric patients with multiple sites infection.Case Presentation: We report a case of multiple sites and life-threatening infection caused by CA-MRSA in a 6-year-old girl who manifested sepsis, myelitis, purulent arthritis, purulent meningitis, hydropericardium, pneumonia, and empyema. The girl exhibited good response to the combination therapy of linezolid and rifampicin after treatment failure of vancomycin with maximum dose due to its serum concentration unable to reach therapeutic goal. We performed pleural effusion and hydropericardium effusion drainage and treated left lower limb infection using interdisciplinary approaches.Conclusion: This case highlights the need to be aware of CA-MRSA infection, which requires accurate diagnosis, identification of infected sites, appropriate antibiotic treatment, and surgical debridement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggravation of the global warming crisis, due to excessive consumption of traditional energy, urgently calls for the strategic goal of sustainable development. This study addresses endogeneity concerns by employing panel fixed effect and DID models, employing panel data from China's provincial green finance index spanning from 2016 to 2021. The empirical findings indicate that: (1) the impact of the new energy industry on environmental and economic benefits is more pronounced in inland areas characterized by lower GDP and smaller population size; (2) this effect is driven by green technological innovation, government incentive policies, and job creation. Drawing upon these results, this paper offers a range of pertinent recommendations at governmental, industrial, and societal levels to foster sustainable development, thereby enhancing social welfare. • We address endogeneity concerns by employing panel fixed effect and DID models. • New energy industry development contributes to environmental and economic benefits. • The impact of the new energy industry is more pronounced in inland areas. • The effect is driven by CO2 reductions, incentive policies, and job creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of chromone-containing triarylmethane derivatives via a HFIP promoted tandem alkylation/annulation protocol of o -hydroxyaryl enaminones with chlorohydrocarbon is described. Employing DCM/HFIP as solvent, the reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature without any transition-metal catalyst, providing a variety of chromone-containing triarylmethanes in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the developed protocol reveals a broad substrate scope and good group tolerance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]