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"Archives" and "distant reading" have become common concepts in literary criticism following the mass digitization of books and newspapers. Though these two sources provide gigantic amounts of data available in digitized collections and catalogues, they rarely encompass all printed texts preserved from any given period. A third type is mostly left out: ephemeral prints. This poses a problem for literary bibliographies. The major Danish collection holds 6 kilometers of rarely registered prints. The article shows how to catalogue and then analyze metadata from 825 printed songs circulating in what was then a major venue in the Danish public sphere: the Royal Copenhagen Shooting Association. Following Katherine Bode's proposals for writing data‐rich literary history, I first sum up collection policies in Scandinavian national libraries. The following questions are then examined: How did ephemera circulate inside the association and in the broader public? Which agents were involved in song‐production? How many of these occasional songs entered the authoritative Collected Works on which scholars often rely—and in which forms? Might political contexts explain fluctuations in the number of songs printed and the choice of foreign melodies? In most cases, the overview gained by quantitative analysis facilitates the subsequent closer, qualitative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The statistics on the records produced for the Italian National Bibliography (BNI) in the last decade evidence a stable development with a growing trend. In the face of that, there has been a decrease of human resources never seen before in the history of the National Central Library of Florence (BNCF), that has drastically reduced the editorial staff of BNI to few units. The institutional tasks of BNCF, provided by law, have not changed though. Among these is the archival function for the Italian bibliographic production and its representation through adequate cataloguing and bibliographic instruments. Therefore, in order to either maintain constant or increase BNI from a quantity point of view, by preserving its quality, some variations of a technical and organizational-managerial nature have been recently implemented, pursuing the following: 1. Rapidity of cataloguing; 2. Full implementation of the recommendations of the Central Institute for the General Catalogue of the Italian Libraries and for the Bibliographic Information (ICCU) as regards, for instance, cataloguing regulations, use of the codes of bibliographic qualification, creation and management of the authority files regarding personal names and uniform title; 3. Constant attention to the role of BNCF in the cooperation within the National Library Service (SBN). There are plans to intervene in some critical difficulties that still remain. The emergency due to Covid-19 pandemic has imposed a de facto meaningful and unpredictable reorganization of the work management (from the legal deposit to BNI and to the BNCF catalogue) through methods that could certainly be maintained even in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation of National Library of Norway (NLN) is governed by the Legal Deposit Act of 1989, latest amendment in 2015. By this law, all documents of any type made publicly available in Norway, must be provided to the National Library for registration, preservation and dissemination. According to an added regulation in 2018, NLN may also require the digital version of printed documents, as well as core metadata. Another important policy document is issued by The Ministry of Culture and The Ministry of Education and Research, outlining a library strategy for the period 2020-2023. While including all types of libraries, the strategy has a strong focus on NLN as a driving force and service provider for the rest of the Norwegian library sector, in mandating NLN to support other libraries in a number of ways, - financially through funding development projects, structurally by way of providing crucial infrastructure and developmentally by conducting our own innovation activities. The national bibliography forms the backbone for many of the infrastructure services, like the future Metadata Well, constituting one single authorized source of metadata for Norwegian libraries, various authority files, as well as several thematic bibliographies. It also lies at the heart of enabling end users to access the vast collections of digitized material, even much of the IPR-restricted material, obtained through deals with rightsholder associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of national bibliographic databases that include data on research output within social sciences and humanities (SSH) in Europe. We focus on the comprehensiveness of the database content. Compared to the data from commercial databases such as Web of Science and Scopus, data from national bibliographic databases (e.g. Flemish Academic Bibliographic Database for the SSH (VABB-SHW) in Belgium, Current Research Information System in Norway (CRISTIN)) are more comprehensive and may, therefore, be better fit for bibliometric analyses. Acknowledging this, several countries within Europe maintain national bibliographic databases; detailed and comparative information about their content, however, has been limited. In autumn 2016, we launched a survey to acquire an overview of national bibliographic databases for SSH in Europe and Israel. Surveying 41 countries (responses received from 39 countries), we identified 21 national bibliographic databases for SSH. Further, we acquired a more detailed description of 13 databases, with a focus on their comprehensiveness. Findings indicate that even though the content of national bibliographic databases is diverse, it is possible to delineate a subset that is similar across databases. At the same time, it is apparent that differences in national bibliographic databases are often bound to differences in country-specific arrangements. Considering this, we highlight implications to bibliometric analyses based on data from national bibliographic databases and outline several aspects that may be taken into account in the development of existing national bibliographic databases for SSH or the design of new ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 20 years, national, regional, and academic libraries and other cultural institutions in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia have introduced subject portals, research databases, journal repositories, digital collections, research guides, and indexing resources, which scholarly communities outside these regions rely on to advance their research portfolios. In order to address the significant developments in scholarly communication and the proliferation of academic content, this article discusses recent trends in online research resources and strategies for incorporating these resources into research consultations. In addition, as these extensive networks of online resources continue to proliferate, possible models for collaboration with national and regional libraries are needed to strengthen existing partnerships with Slavic librarians outside these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Our study aims at providing an overview of the hermeneutical approaches to translation and the distinct discipline of Translation Studies (TS) established in the second half of the 20th century. We will particularly focus on the Romanian discourse on translation in periodicals (România Literară/ Literary Romania, Secolul XX/ The 20th Century) and volumes (Kohn, 1983; Dimitriu, 2006; Cornea, 2006; Ghiu, 2015; etc.) and its hermeneutical dimension. For this purpose, we will bring into play the texts on the art and craft of translation as mentioned by national bibliographies (Tomescu-Moşneguţu, 1988; Stoica, 2003), reception studies dealing with the issue (Lăcătuşu 2000) and the results of our personal research in the field. Drawing on discourse analysis in a TS-related context (Pym, 1992; Schäffner, 2002) and periodical studies (Scholes and Latham, 2006), we will attempt to account for the original features of the hermeneutical reflections on translation in Romania. Last but not least, we will also account for the most important hermeneutical works in the field in their Romanian translation (Steiner, 1983; Ricoeur 2005) as introduced to the target readership (via prefaces or postfaces). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rich collections of Dutch imprints - produced in the Netherlands in any language or printed in Dutch elsewhere - are to be found in libraries and archives in Riga and Tartu. This essay presents some of them and explains why so many Neerlandica have survived in these collections. It furthermore discusses some systematic lacunae in retrospective national bibliographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the identification of all contributors of an intellectual work, when they are recorded in bibliographic data but in unstructured form. National bibliographies are very reliable on representing the first author of a work; however, secondary contributors are frequently represented only in the statements of responsibility that are transcribed by the cataloguer from the book into the bibliographic records. The identification of work contributors mentioned in statements of responsibility is a typical motivation for the application of information extraction techniques. This paper presents an approach developed for the specific application scenario of the ARROW rights infrastructure being deployed in several European countries to assist in the determination of the copyright status of works that may not be under public domain. An evaluation of our approach was performed in catalogues of nine European national libraries of countries that are available in the ARROW rights infrastructure, which cover eight different languages. The evaluation has shown that it performs reliably across languages and bibliographic datasets. It achieved an overall precision of 98.7 % and recall of 96.7 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intend to analyze the Resource Description and Access (RDA) code's pros and cons, from the point of view of some Brazilian catalogers. The RDA is proposed as an international cataloging code. Undoubtedly, it brings innovations and various positive points, including the introduction of digital materials and some elements from the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Description (FRBR) family. At the same time, RDA can be analyzed from other points of view, e.g., the problem of a strict translation and the prices for licencing or copyright. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Library provides access to research materials from the collections of Europe's national and research libraries, representing members from 46 countries. This paper presents the current status, on-going work, and future plans of the resource dissemination services provided by The European Library, covering resources such as national bibliographies, digital collections, full text collections, its access portal and API, open linked data publication, and integration in digital humanities infrastructures. In the coming years, The European Library will work to provide the means and tools for digital humanities researchers to easily use research materials from libraries in their research activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of clearing the rights situation of a work for digitisation is very difficult to be performed for works that have been published during the 20th and 21st centuries. Although libraries hold materials of public interest, which should be made digitally available to a broader public, legal issues make it necessary to determine their exact copyright status before a library can digitise it. One of the major challenges in rights clearance is the significant fragmentation of rights information across multiple data sources, some of which are not remotely accessible. This makes the rights clearance process very demanding and expensive for libraries. Large-scale digitisation projects can digitise thousands of books per week, and therefore there is a significant need to develop faster ways to clear the copyright status of the books. In the ARROW and ARROW Plus projects (Accessible Registries of Rights Information and Orphan Works), a single framework is being established to combine and access rights information. It proposes to create a seamless service across a distributed network of national databases containing information that will assist in determining the rights status of works. Its goal is to support mass digitisation projects by finding automated ways to clear the rights of the books to be digitised. This paper describes the ARROW service from the perspective of libraries undertaking digitisation projects. It presents the complete ARROW workflow, how national bibliographies are used in ARROW, and the services that ARROW offers particularly for libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karol Estreicher (1827–1908) compiled Bibliografia polska [Polish bibliography], an extraordinary retrospective national bibliography of the body of written works of Poland. Chronologically covering the entire history of printing in Poland up to 1900, it consisted of three distinct parts: the nineteenth century; a universal chronological bibliography of Polish publications; and pre-nineteenth century, conventionally called Bibliografia staropolska [Bibliography of old Poland]. So far a total of 56 volumes of Bibliografia polska have been published. That total includes the 35 volumes that constitute parts 1, 2, and 3; the four volumes that, covering 1891–1900, were published outside the framework of the three parts; and the seventeen volumes that constitute the second edition of part 1, the nineteenth-century bibliography. It was an exhaustive but also complicated bibliographic opus. A prolific writer and literary scholar himself, Estreicher devoted—with remarkable endurance and resilience—50 years of his life to its making. Much of the complexity of his bibliography reflected the cultural and intellectual roots of the author and the way he interpreted the meaning of his project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Although the "open access" and "bibliography" appear to be contradictory concepts, as the first applies to the idea of direct and unrestricted access and the use of the resources' content and the latter refers to the list of resources' descriptions, the issue of open access to bibliography is widely discussed by the librarians' community nowadays. This paper aims to elaborate on the subject of the Polish national bibliographic agency's approach along with its experiences and problems. Design/methodology/approach – "Open Access to National Bibliographies: Best Practices and Business Models" was the subject of the Bibliographic Section's session of the IFLA World Library and Information Congress that took place in Gothenburg in 2010. This article is based on a discussion paper presented at the session. Findings – The better realization of the idea of "open access" to bibliography needs more effort and further cooperation among the libraries, publishers and institutions of law especially in respect of copyright, legal deposit and press laws. International exchange of experience and popularization of good practice in this field is necessary for success and inclusion of the national bibliography into open bibliographic universe. Originality/value – The Polish National Bibliography is a public good, i.e. a non-commercial product. Its principal aim is to give complete and reliable bibliographic data about the intellectual and cultural heritage and to make them easily accessible not only for librarians and other actors of the publishing market, but also for the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses library and information science in Uganda as of April 2012, with a focus on the Legal Deposit System and its impact on National Bibliographic Control (NBC). Topics include the Makerere University Library Legal Deposit Act of 1958, establishing a national bibliography and facilitating copyright protection, and the National Library and publishing industry. Additional information is presented on limited cooperation between legal deposit centres and information and computer technology (ICT).

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Korean books by analysing their "work types" based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 1,000 Korean books were randomly chosen from the Korean National Bibliography (KNB) 2008 at the National Library of Korea, and the frequency of each work type was investigated. Findings - Of the Korean books that were studied, 16.9 per cent (single works, 2.7 per cent and multiple works, 14.2 per cent) were found to be multiple manifestations, and the rates of literature and social science works were relatively high. Research limitations/implications - The FRBR model was applied to a sample of 1,000 Korean books and was not representative of all Korean books. Practical implications - The usefulness of the FRBR model was found to be limited to some complex works and can be improved by applying its work types in an extended way. Originality/value - In the study, the work types of Korean books were analysed based on the FRBR model for the first time using this model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The responsibilities of the Soviet-era book chambers in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have almost all been incorporated into the national libraries of the three Baltic states since they regained independence in 1991. This article will summarize each country's current status as regards legal deposit; current and retrospective national bibliography; indexes; publishing statistics; ISSN, ISBN, and ISMN agencies; and online databases. All three Baltic states have made tremendous progress in making their materials available to researchers worldwide, though full text access is still limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a project carried out by the German National Library, the University and State Library Sachsen-Anhalt in Halle and Semantics GmbH Aachen to establish routines of persistent identification for individual pages of web publications in order to enable and facilitate reliable and long-term valid citation practices for the academic community. The project originated in a pilot project to digitise approximately 10,000 German imprints from the seventeenth century comprising altogether about 600,000 pages, which had to be completed within two years. The material of the 'Ponickau Collection' had been catalogued in the German national bibliography of seventeenth-century imprints (VD 17), which was enriched and turned into a virtual library by adding the digitised texts. This article investigates the means of presentation and indexing of digitised imprints in order to ensure their usability. It also sketches the workflow among the various partners involved in the process. The article highlights the application of Visual Library, which contains various tools for automated creation of metadata, the implementation of persistent identifiers (URN) and the automated enrichment of catalogue entries by the regional cataloguing cooperative Gemeinsamer Bibliotheksverbund (GBV). Special emphasis is given to questions of quality management; the quality is guaranteed by a combination of automated tools and intellectual control at various stages of the digitisation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article handles general developments and changes in book trade and book publishing which took place in Estonia during the second half of the 19th and in the early 20th century. The aim is to show the formation of bookshops trading with Estonian books, to analyse the activities of Estonian booksellers as publishers and their role in publishing books in the Estonian language. The paper is based on the retrospective national bibliography of Estonian books that were published from 1850 to 1917, on research literature and on the data collected by the author for her doctoral thesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the 'national (ethnic) book' features rarely in the bibliological literature, nor its precise meaning has been established. The problem of the ethnic affiliation of books is present only in two areas of bibliological theory and practice: in the cultivation of national bibliography and in the determination and realization of tasks of national libraries. Thus, does national (ethnic) book exist in a way national literature or national music do? What are the features of the ethnic book? What elements of the book and what system of the book determine its limits? The criteria to distinguish an ethnic book are not clear-cut. The language of a book is said to determine its ethnic affiliation because it is a feature that distinguishes the nation. However, this criterion is quite frequently insufficient because national cultures are often of a multi-language character; on the other hand, the "major" languages serve different nations. The notion of a national book appeared contemporaneously with the formation of nations and the development of literary national languages. In Europe, the beginnings of the national book are connected with the Renaissance and religious reformation in the 15th and 16th centuries when the first texts printed in ethnic languages were distributed. Meanders of economic, political and cultural development of European societies influenced the processes of emergence of national literature and national publication repertoire, being responsible for marked differences among particular countries. By the end of the 19th century, a clear pattern in European book culture could be observed. Publications in a few major languages which were state languages of the greatest European powers prevailed. Much less common were books published in languages of the nations that did not enjoy political independence at that time but had a long history of literary tradition. The appearance, quantitative growth and qualitative development of book production in languages of newly emergent nations was a new phenomenon enhanced through the 19th century. The bibliographic-statistical approach to the size and nature of the global publishing activities (for books and periodicals), with consideration of particular countries and languages, was attempted by Bolesław Iwiński, a cooperator of the Institut International de Bibliographie in Brussels, at the International Congress of Bibliography and Documentation which was hold there in 1910. Currently, the issue of ethnic book, both at present and with reference to the past, remains in the focus of both linguistics (Harald Haarmann, Kenneth Shearer) and political science, bibliology, other humanities and social sciences. An answer to the questions about the quantitative extent of printing production of a given nation, specific types of books, particular national features of the circulation and reception of books considerably enriches the national culture knowledge resources. The role of the book in the nation-formation processes is an important evidence in favour of the ethnic view on the book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the first meeting of the task force for regional bibliography on May 19 and 20, 2008 in Hannover, Germany. The country's first national biography which was published in 1974 is noted, and trends in regional bibliographic efforts are described. Because data collection for regional bibliographies seeks to cover all forms of academic and public activity, the Hannover task force has recognized the necessity of developing keener research instruments and filters.

This essay examines the seminal reference tool, African-American Newspapers and Periodicals: A National Bibliography (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), edited by James P. Danky. It provides background on the creation of this highly acclaimed volume and demonstrates its usefulness in building a research collection of rare periodical literature in African American history and culture. It also documents efforts to build such a collection at Emory University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national bibliography in the contemporary information environment becomes the electronic national bibliography available on CD-ROM or online. Printed editions of the national bibliographies, as well as of the Croatian National Bibliography, are being slowly abandoned. The preparation of the bibliography is based on the internationally accepted standards (ISBD) and machine readable formats. Indexes to the bibliography are the additional access point to the bibliographic database, and the type of index depends on the arrangement of the bibliographic entries in the main order of bibliographic entries - the electronic national bibliographies (e-NB) reviewed in this paper use the UDC systematic order for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from 1895 the Romanian Academy Library is in charge with the creation of the retrospective national bibliography, when Ion Bianu, the director of that time, established the National Bibliography Plan. The article describes the evolution of the national retrospective bibliography of books from the beginning (1903), until present times, mentioning as well the retrospective national bibliography of Romanian periodicals. Now, 145 years after its establishment, the Romanian Academy Library offers to public these research instruments that outline the editorial activities of the mid 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta un editorial en que el autor discurre sobre la inclusión de la revista "Cuadernos de Contabilidad" en el Índice Bibliográfico Nacional Publindex. Se describe el proceso de indexación y se nota que esta revista representa la primera que se relaciona con la contabilidad en este índice. También se considera el papel de la contabilidad en la sociedad actual.