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This research was conducted to evaluate synergistic effects of red cabbage leaves either powder or methanolic extract with or without chromium on obese rats by evaluation nutritional indicators, serum lipids profiles, antioxidant enzymes, and some hepatic marker. After induction of obesity in rats by feed in high fat diet for six weeks, obese rats were randomly classified into six groups (seven rats in each) that include positive control group (basal diet), cabbage powder (15% of cabbage powder in basal diet) group, chromium (basal diet and 4.5 µg/ kg body weight/d chromium) group, cabbage extract (basal diet and 20 mg/kg/ body weight /d of cabbage extract ) group, cabbage powder + chromium (15% of cabbage powder in basal diet and 4.5 µg/ kg body weight /d chromium) group and cabbage extract + chromium (basal diet and 20 mg/kg/d of cabbage extract and 4.5 µg/ kg/d chromium) group. The experiment period was 60 days after induction of obesity. The obtained results recorded that administration of cabbage powder with chromium or cabbage extract with chromium could lower body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) and elevate feed efficiency ratio (FER) compared to positive obese control group. All treated groups showed improvement in both serum and liver lipids profiles and liver function enzymes appeared prominently in cabbage powder with chromium and cabbage extract with chromium groups compared with positive control group. It is recommended to administer red cabbage leaves or its extract with chromium as a diet for patients with obesity التاثيرات التأزرية المضادة للسمنة لتناول الکرنب الأحمر والکروم على الفئران البدينة أجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم التاثير التأزري لأوراق الکرنب الاحمر علي صورة مسحوق أو مستخلص ميثانولي مع وبدون الکروم علي الفئران المصابة بالسمنة عن طريق تقييم المؤشرات الغذائية و دهون السيرم والإنزيمات المضادة للأکسدة و بعض وظائف الکبد. وتم إصابة الفئران بالسمنة عن طريق تغذيتها علي وجبات عالية الدهون لمدة ستة أسابيع. تم تقسيم الفئران المصابة بالسمنة بشکل عشوائي إلى ست مجموعات "سبعة فئران في کل مجموعة" وهي المجموعة الضابطة الإيجابية المصابة بالسمنة والتي تناولت الوجبة الاساسية والمجموعة المعالجة بمسحوق الکرنب 15٪ من مسحوق الکرنب في الوجبة الأساسية والمجموعة المعالجة بالکروم مع الوجبة الاساسية بجرعة 4.5 ميکروجرام/کجم من وزن الجسم کروم والمجموعة المعالجة بمستخلص الکرنب مع الوجبه الاساسية بجرعة 20 ملجم / کجم من وزن الجسم مستخلص الکرنب والمجموعة المعالجة بمسحوق الکرنب مع الکروم 15٪ من مسحوق الکرنب و4.5 ميکروجرام/ کجم کروم والمجموعة المعالجة بمستخلص الکرنب مع الکروم مع الوجبه الاساسية 20 ملجم /کجم من وزن الجسم لمستخلص الکرنب و4.5 ميکروجرام/ کجم من الکروم. واستمرت الدراسة لمدة 60 يوما بعد الاصابة بالسمنة. اسفرت نتائج الدراسة علي أن تناول مسحوق الکرنب مع الکروم أومستخلص الکرنب مع الکروم اظهر نقص معنوي في الوزن المکتسب والمتناول من الطعام ونسبه کفاءه الطعام بالمقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطه الإيجابية المريضة بالسمنة. کما أظهرت جميع المجموعات المعالجة تحسن معنوي في کل من مؤشرات الدهون في السيرم والکبد وتحسن معنوي في انزيمات کفاءه الکبد ومضادات الاکسده وکانت افضل النتائج في المجموعات المتناولة لمسحوق الکرنب مع الکروم و المتناوله لمستخلص الکرنب مع الکروم بالمقارنة مع المجموعة الضابطه الإيجابية. وتوصي نتائج الدراسة بضرورة تناول الکرنب الاحمرومستخلصه مع الکروم کنظام غذائي لمرضي السمنة لما له من تاثيرات ايجابية علي نقص الوزن وتحسين وظائف الکبد وخفض دهون الدم.

Introduction: Obesity has become a pandemic chronic disease. The main principle of obesity treatment is to regulate energy balance by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure. These target mechanisms have become the point of attention in herbal medicine studies. Several molecular mechanisms of actions possessed by Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) have been studied in many experimental research works. Objective: In this mini-review, we encompass the mechanisms of MLE in demonstrating the antiobesity activity, including the potential involvement of YAP/TAZ activity. Methods: Several major electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, were used in selecting articles from the period between August 2011 and August 2020. Results: From 18 established pieces of literature, we demonstrated the anti-obesity activity of MLE in detail. Several citations accompanied the results of these researched-based studies to explain and illustrate the molecular mechanisms, including YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. Conclusion: MLE, through its phytochemistry contents, shows significant benefits in herbal medicine, especially the anti-obesity activity. MLE potentially contributes to modify the lipid metabolism in YAP/TAZ pathway. However, the study demonstrating this involvement has still not published. In the future, more exploration may provide hope for its efficacy and safety as the therapeutic agent of obesity.

In this article, I analyze various discourses held by governmental and health authorities, nutrition experts, and civil society organizations that advocate for the importance of consuming and havin...

As a dark tea, Pu-erh tea(PET) is produced from sun-dried leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica mainly in Yunnan Province of China. Many microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of PET. Among them, Aspergillus niger is most important. It is ...

In recent years, the increase in obesity in the world has led to the development of new strategies in combating obesity. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of niacin and melatonin supplements to combat obesity in rats as a model organism. Treadmill exercise was performed on rats after niacin and melatonin supplementation for 10 days. In each group, weight loss was observed at the end of the 10 days exercise. In this study, it was observed that niacin supplementation leading to weight loss in rats that had treadmill exercise when compared to the control group. In addition, it was found that the weight loss observed in melatonin+niacin supplement was higher than niacin supplement only. It was found that the weight loss observed in the group given melatonin+niacin supplement was higher than the weight loss observed in niacin supplement only. As a result, niacin and melatonin supplementation can be recommended before exercise to combat obesity.

The brown rice vinegar was prepared by adding 10% of vinegar starter, and incubated using the strain Acetobacter pasteurianus JBA172705. The alcohol concentration of brown rice liquor was adjusted to 6%, and seed vinegar was added to 10%. Then, it was cultured by shaking for 16 days (30°C, 120 rpm). After fermentation, brown rice vinegar was extracted with 70% ethanol to evaluate the anti-obesity effect using 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. The total acidity of brown rice vinegar increased to 6.43% after 16 days of fermentation, and acetic acid increased 15 times and succinic acid 2.5 times or more. The total phenolics and free amino acid contents decreased during the acetic acid fermentation period, and were 48.53 mg GAE/mL and 18.79 mg% (w/v) at the 16th day of fermentation. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL of brown rice vineagar extract (BRV 16d), the lipid accumulation rate was 72.2%. The leptin expression level was reduced by more than 50% according to the treatment of brown rice vinegar extract. It was confirmed that the PPARγ and SREBP-1c expression levels decreased at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. As a result, brown rice vinegar is expected to be effective in anti-obesity by suppressing the expression of transcription factors that induce obesity.

Obesity is a global health problem. In the past decades, the prevalence rate of obesity has risen sharply in epidemiology. Obesity has become an increasingly severe epidemic burden linked with diff...

Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a derivative of citric acid, is one of the promising food components with reported anti-obesity properties. HCA is currently extracted only from its principal source, Garcinia cambogia, which is not readily available in the country. Herewith, the study aims to identify potential sources of HCA among local underutilized fruits to increase their current commercial use. A total of twenty underutilized fruits generally rich in citric acid were screened via histochemical staining to detect the presence of HCA. Those samples that produced the characteristic reddish orange colour complexes indicative of HCA have undergone further experiments including extraction (via water extraction method), quantification (via spectrophotometry), and identity validation (via thin layer chromatography) to determine the actual HCA sources. Out of the 20 local fruits tested, HCA was found only from Tamarindus indica L. (tamarind) flesh at 3.731±0.046 g HCA/100 g fresh weight and from Garcinia binucao (batuan) flesh and seeds at 3.447±0.059 g HCA/100 g fresh weight and 1.241±0.009 g HCA/100 g fresh weight, respectively. Meanwhile, most of the other fruits tested were found to contain merely citric acid. This study could bring new ways in utilizing batuan and tamarind fruits as functional ingredients in nutraceuticals and value-added products, thereby increasing its current health and economic significance.

Background: Obesity is one of the most serious problems worldwide. Using anti-obesity medications have gained growing interest among adults as a shortcut for bodyweight management practice. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, knowledge, usage determinants, intake pattern and experienced effects of anti-obesity medications, licensed and unlicensed, among university students in Jordan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured web-based questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Results: 418 students with a mean age of 21.5 responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-obesity medication intake was 11%. The majority (67.2%) had scored poor knowledge regarding these medications. The intake patterns indicated that 78.3% of the consumers were self-administrated without prescription and 76.1% of the consumers used licensed type. Despite being perceived as useful in weight reduction, vomiting, and nausea, were very common adverse events (65.2%). Besides being obese, students with excellent knowledge demonstrated higher odds (OR=24.38 (95%CI: 8.12-73.19) and 10.48 (95%CI: 4.03-27.26), respectively) for medication consumption compared with other, p < 0.0005. Conclusion: Using anti-obesity medications among university students is of concern, particularly due to using unlicensed types and the lack of clinical prescription. With the reported poor knowledge, it becomes crucial to launching awareness campaigns and tailored programs for this age group and the general population.

Recently, the use of seaweed has attracted significant attention and has resulted in several seaweed-based studies for developing health-promoting foods. Sargassum sp. has been consumed as a part of the diet for centuries, especially in Asian countries, and has been reported to exhibit diverse biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammation effects. The present study involved the evaluation of the total phenolics content and in vitro antioxidant activities of seaweed using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation during the production of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. The results revealed that Sargassum siliquastrum contained the highest total phenolics content (36.67 mg GAE/g of extract) and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the 19 Sargassum sp. seaweeds. In terms of the anti-adipogenic activity, the Sargassum nipponium and Sargassum siliquastrum extracts significantly inhibited lipid accumulation (up to 63%) compared to that of the control in 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, the Sargassum sagamianum extract inhibited NO production (up to 85%) in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Our results provide evidence that Sargassum sp. could be useful for the development of healthy functional foods.

Obesity, a disease involved with complex health problems, is indicated by increased BMI, triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Obese individuals are found to be highly susceptible to develop non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,cardiovascular diseases, and also type 2 diabetes mellitus. Synthetic drugs used for treating obesity have been found to be associated with side effects such as anxiety,sleeplessness,hypertension, and drug addiction. Research on natural productspossessing therapeutic biological activitieshasdiscoveredtheir potential to minimize or even completely eliminate such side effects. Medicinal properties ofCalocybe indica include antidiabetic, hypertensive, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects; however, its anti-obesity activity is obscure.In this study, the anti-obesity effects of Calocybe indicawere investigated using a diet-induced obese Zebrafish modeland compared with standard drug Atorvastatin.Results show that 200µg of C. indica was able to effectively bring down triglyceride levels (12.5± 0 mg/ml; normal control 12.7 ± 0.7 mg/ml), cholesterol (210± 15.9 mg; normal control =70.4± 0)and HMG COA Reductase levels (0.9± 0.03; normal = 1.2 ± 0.01). Excessive fat accumulation in the liver (steatohepatitis) reduced after treatment with C. indica to a greater extent than by treatment with standard drug Atorvastatin. 100 µg of C. indica was found to be optimum in decreasing the levels of the liver enzymes, AST (177.1±5.7 IU/L; normal control =177.7±43.02 IU/l), ALT (365.5±2.9 IU/L; normal control= 355.5±34.4 IU/l), and ALP (2.3±1.1μmoles of phenol liberated/mg of protein/min; normal control = 0.7±1.2 μmoles of phenol liberated/mg of protein/min).Whole-body Oil Red O staining of the zebrafishes showed that with increasing concentration of C. indica, the accumulation of triglycerides and lipids decreased.

This project investigated how alternative non-stigmatising public health messages influence people’s health behaviours and well-being, relative to traditional stigmatising weight-loss messages. We conducted three experimental studies (total N = 1281) that compared traditional weight-loss messages to weight-neutral messages (Study 1), weight-inclusive messages (Study 2) and size acceptance messages (Study 3). Results revealed that public health messages have differential effects on health behaviours and well-being, depending on the audience’s BMI or perceived weight. However, campaigns that challenge weight stigma and promote body positivity have positive effects on some psychological indicators of health and well-being for people of all body sizes.

Background Dark tea is a post-fermented tea with unique organoleptic characteristics. A unique microbial fermentation procedure is involved in dark tea processing that is considered a major factor to manage the quality of dark tea. Dark tea is gaining increasing attention recently because it contains various bioactive compounds with diverse biological functions. Scope and approach This review summarizes the microbial fermentation process, main bioactive compounds, and important biological functions or health benefits of dark tea, emphasizing its protective effects against different diseases and relevant molecular mechanisms, and proposes the perspectives in research and application of dark tea. Key findings and conclusions Functional core microorganism-mediated bioconversion is crucial for the formation of dark tea's main quality components during the fermentation period. Dark tea contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, free amino acids, peptides, polyphenols, pigments, polysaccharides, and volatile compounds. Consumption of dark teas has been linked to multiple health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protective, gastrointestinal protective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and photoprotective activities. Future studies focusing on the health mechanisms of dark teas and the potential applications of dark tea in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries are guaranteed.

Background: Aloe Vera, a medicinal herb, has been used for centuries in therapeutics and cosmetology. Objective: To compare Antiobesity effects of Aloe Vera whole leaf with new antidiabetic drug, Sitagliptin on streptozotcin induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Settings: Department of Pharmacology, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with NIH, Islamabad, Pakistan. Duration: One year from September 2019 to August 2020. Methodology: Young Sprague Dawley rats, n=40, weighing 220-250 grams were taken and randomly divided into Groups A and B. Group B was fed on high fat diet for two weeks to develop insulin resistance. After induction of diabetes, with low dose streptozotocin, Group B was subdivided into: GroupB1 (Diabetic Control), Group B2 (Aloe Vera whole Leaf treated), Group B3 (Sitagliptin treated). Body weight was measured in all rats every week to assess progress of study, and finally on completion of study (on Day 60). SPSS version 25 was applied for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA test was used for assessing any difference in the mean values. Post-hoc Turkey analysis was done to compare inter-group mean differences. P value of

Background: Increased lipase activity can increase the amount of monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed by the body, this is what affects obesity. If pancreatic lipase activity is inhibited, the production of fatty acids will decrease, consequently the level of fat in the blood will also decrease. Objective: To study anti obesity potential of a single herb or a mixture of green tea and other herbs (Syzygium polyanthum. Lv, Artocarpus communis.Lv, Cinnamomum verum..Lv, Manilkara zapota.Lv, Tectona grandis.Lv) by the in vitro inhibition assay of the lipase enzyme activity Method : A single (8 herbs) or a mixture of three herbs powder (12 formulas) was put into a tea bag with a total weight of 1.5 g to be brewed in 100 mL bottled mineral water at 70⁰-90⁰C for 10 minutes. In vitro lipase enzyme inhibition assay were conducted to measure the ability of these samples as lipase inhibitor. Orlistat used as positive lipase inhibitor. Results : There wa s a difference results of lipase inhibition activity between the sample of a single and a mixture of herbs. I nterestingly, the results shows that formula 3 (mixture of green tea, Manilkara zapota and cinnamon) . has 53.942 % inhibition , formula 9 ( a mixture of green tea, Syzygium polyanthum and cinnamon) has 67.322 % inhibition and formula 12 ( a mixture of green tea, Tectona grandis and cinnamon) has 56.612 % inhibition which close to lipase inhibitory activity by standard Orlistat. Conclusion: The mixture of green tea and two other herbs has a lipase inhibitory activity similar to Orlistat , when compared to the single herb. The highest lipase inhibitory activity is found in formula 9 .

Background : Obesity has become a global issue, leading to increased risk of metabolic syndrome, which encompasses diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and certain cancers. However, obesity is difficult to control through diet and exercise alone, as they are difficult to implement. Objective: The objective of this review is to elucidate the active constituents that can be obtained from various natural sources that act as anti-obesity agents. Due to the global rise in the prevalence of obesity, an urgent need to prevent and control it has arisen. Methods: For this review, we compiled information about natural anti-obesity products through an electronic search of the articles available via PubMed, Scopus, and other internet sources for the period 1975-2019 and included our own research. We analyzed and organized data on various natural products in popular use in addition to relevant pharmacognostic and biological studies. The products’ mechanisms of action were also investigated. Conclusion: Consumption of diets that include high amounts of active anti-obesity natural compounds is a promising strategy for the suppression of lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in obese individuals.

ObjectiveTo review for Canadian physicians the latest pharmacological options for obesity management. Quality of EvidenceA literature search was conducted in PubMed with no time restriction. Canadian and international guidelines referenced. National and international statistics databases quoted for epidemiological data. Levels of evidence range from I to III. Main MessageAs a chronic progressive disease affecting over 7.2 million Canadians, obesity requires early identification and treatment by primary care practitioners. Three anti-obesity medications are approved for use in Canada under the tradenames Xenical®, Saxenda®, and Contrave® which help bridge the gap between non-pharmacological and surgical options for the treatment of obesity. Family physicians are front-line members of the obesity management team and should remain updated on the pharmacological options for weight management. ConclusionAnti-obesity medications lead to greater average weight loss when combined with behavior modifications and provide individuals with excess weight a sustainable option for obesity management. RESUMEObjectifExaminer, à l’intention des médecins canadiens, les dernières options pharmacologiques pour la gestion de l’obésité. Qualité des preuvesUne recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed sans restriction de temps. Les lignes directrices canadiennes et internationales sont référencées. Bases de données statistiques nationales et internationales citées pour les données épidémiologiques. Les niveaux de preuve vont de I à III. Message principal En tant que maladie chronique progressive touchant plus de 7,2 millions de Canadiens, l’obésité nécessite un dépistage et un traitement précoces par les praticiens de soins primaires. Trois médicaments contre l’obésité sont approuvés au Canada sous les noms commerciaux Xenical®, Saxenda® et Contrave®, qui aident à combler le fossé entre les options non pharmacologiques et chirurgicales pour le traitement de l’obésité. Les médecins de famille sont des membres de première ligne de l’équipe de gestion de l’obésité et doivent se tenir au courant des options pharmacologiques pour la gestion du poids. ConclusionLes médicaments contre l’obésité entraînent une perte de poids moyenne plus importante lorsqu’ils sont associés à des modifications du comportement et offrent aux personnes en surpoids une option durable pour la gestion de l’obésité.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of Cannabis sativa seed Flour (CSSF) on obese mice. Methods: The experiment process was carried out in 8 weeks. In this time, three groups of animals were adopted: High caloric diet control group (HCD), group treated with 100 mg/kg of CSSF, group treated with 200 mg/kg of CSSF, and normal diet control group (ND). Then, the histopathological and biochemical parameters analysis has been realized at the end of the experiment. Results: As a result, body weight gain, epididymal, and perirenal adipose tissue decreased in the CSSF (Cannabis sativa seed Flour) group in both doses (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) compared to the HCD. CSSF lowered serum glucose level elevated by HCD. For lipid profiles, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) significantly decreased in the CSSF group. The histopathological results of this study showed a regenerative effect of CSSF on the kidney and liver tissues. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that CSSF can be used as a natural anti-obesity agent.

Ipomoea reptans Poir or kangkung is a popular leafy vegetable, a favorite to people in Asian countries. However, limited information is available on their bioactivities. In the present study, the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity potential of I. reptans leaves were investigated. Different fractions (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane) of I. reptans leaves were evaluated for their scavenging activity on DPPH radicals, whereas their reducing potential was investigated by cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CuPRAC), total antioxidant, and reducing power assays. The antidiabetic potential was investigated by their inhibition effect on a-glucosidase. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of I. reptans leaves were solvent dependent. Ethyl acetate contained the highest phenolic content, followed by ethanol and hexane fractions. However, for flavonoid content, the order was ethanol > ethyl acetate > hexane. All fractions showed DPPH scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner, with activities weaker than standards ascorbic acid and BHT, in the order of ethanol > ethyl acetate > hexane. All fractions showed reducing capacity, but only hexane and ethanol fractions of I. reptans leaves showed inhibition on a-glucosidase, with hexane showed more potent inhibition compared to acarbose. The study also found that fractions of I. reptans inhibit lipase and trypsin, enzymes related to lipid metabolism. Findings in this study offer a prospect for I. reptans leaves as a functional food source for antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity purposes.

The main objective of this article is to analyze the efficacy of polyphonic compounds, especially Chlorogenic Acid in anti-obesity and anticancer. Overweight and obesity became severe global health issues in all sex and age groups respectively according to WHO, this is the significant risk factors for several chronic illnesses this is increasing from recent decades, due to lifestyle changes intake of food lack of proper healthcare particularly in urban communities. According to the India Council of Medical Research (ICMR), more than 1300 Indians die every day due to cancer, especially Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma are primary skin cancers. This research aims to help anti-obese and anticancer by providing health benefits of green Coffee. The ethnobotanical study proved that green coffee beans of Coffee Robusta variety have significant medicinal properties, which are essential for the human diet. In vitro results showed that high free radical scavenging activity with IC50 towards DPPH 30.99µg/mL ABTS0.83 µg/mL, Alpha-amylase 31.75 µg/mL, MTT assay 101.26 µg/mL and Anti-obesity activity 33.34 µg/mL respectively. In conclusion, more in vivo and in vitro experimental studies are required to understand the full use of the extract in the prevention of lethal diseases.

N = 182 posters) derived from 25 obesity-prevention campaigns shows 13.2% included stigmatizing elements. These stigmatizing advertisements were found in almost half (44%) of the 25 obesity-prevent...

Aim: Obesity is a public health problem on a global and national scale. It is associated with high blood pressure, type II diabetes and certain metabolic complications. In Cameroon, obesity is observed in both rural and urban population where the people are still very attached to traditional values to solve their health problems. The present study was aimed at determining antiobesity medicinal plants used by the traditional healers in the Foumban and Dschang Municipalities. Methodology: An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against obesity was conducted in 2 localities, Foumban and Dschang, of the western region of Cameroon. The questionnaire was submitted and the information was collected via oral interviews with traditional healers and the people of the localities who benefited from anti-obesity treatments based on medicinal plants. Results: Twenty five medicinal plants belonging to 16 families and used in the management of obesity were identified. Leaves and bark are the most used plant parts; they are followed by fruits (seeds) and Roots. Most herbal remedies are prepared as decoction in Foumban (30%) and Dschang (62%) respectively. The most common plant used by these people was Solanum indicum (49.27%, Foumban) and Tetrapleura tetraptera (40%, Dschang). Conclusion: Relatively to the management of obesity with medicinal plants, the population of these localities presented interesting knowledge. However, there is still a need for further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations of the above common and most used ones.

The present study examined how negative feelings induced by anti-obesity Public Service Announcements (PSAs) influence viewers’ emotional processing of subsequent food commercials. We also investig...

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycaemic, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Globularia alypum (GA).Materials and methods: GA methanol and water e...

Obesity is one of the most prevalent health concerns among all age groups & populations worldwide, resulting into a significant increase in mortality and morbidity related to metabolic disorders. Targeting one or more enzymes involved in lipid metabolism can be selective for evaluation of anti obesity action of drug. The present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro anti obesity action by inhibiting pancreatic lipase & ᾳ amylase enzyme by various fractions of methanolic extract of aerial parts Fagonia cretica L. along with their phytochemical analysis. The n- hexane (HFFC), Chloroform (CFFC), Ethyl acetate (EAFFC), n-butanol (BFFC) & aqueous fractions (AQFFC) were prepared from methanolic extracts of F. cretica L & were analyzed for qualitative as well as quantitative phytochemical study using reported methods. The qualitative phytochemical studies of prepared extract & fractions showed presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, alkaloids & carbohydrates. All the fractions were then examined for their in-vitro lipase inhibitory & ᾳ amylase inhibitory activities at a concentration level of 50, 100, 150 & 200µg/ml and their percentage inhibitory effects were reported. Among the analyzed samples, BFFC showed highest lipase inhibitory action i.e. 83.02 ± 2.47% as compared to other fractions. EAFFC showed significantly higher ᾳ amylase inhibitory action i.e. 80.22 ± 1.18% as compared to other fractions.

Background and objectives A drug repurposing strategy is an approach for identifying new therapeutic uses for approved or investigational drugs. Thanks to the moderate cost of repurposing a drug compared to bringing new chemical entity to the market, drug repurposing is rapidly gaining ground. The aim of this work is to study the anti-obesity effect of disulfiram (DSF), an irreversible aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat chronic alcoholism since 1951. Methods Thirty male Albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups. G1, the control group, was given a standard diet. G2, the positive control group, was given a high-fat diet (HFD). G3 was given an HFD, and DSF 50 mg/kg/day was administered orally from day one for six weeks. G4 was given an HFD, and DSF 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally from day one for six weeks. G5 was given an HFD for six weeks; then treatment started with 50 mg/kg/day DSF orally. G6 was given an HFD for six weeks; then treatment started with 200 mg/kg/day DSF orally for three weeks. The body weight, food consumption and blood glucose levels were monitored over the given time interval. Results Both doses of DSF significantly limited the body weight gain caused by an HFD for the treated animals. HF-fed rats received 50 and 200 mg/kg/day of DSF had their body weight increased by 51.93 ± 7.89% and 20.88 ± 15.05% respectively, whereas the body weight of control animals increased by 93.1 ± 20.04%. DSF also significantly decreased the body weight of obese animals. At 50 and 200 mg/kg/day of DSF, HF-fed rats lost 16.74 ± 8.61% and 23.9 ± 3.93% respectively, as their untreated counterparts had their body weight increased by 11.85 ± 3.79% after three weeks of treatment, thus restoring a body weight matching those who received a standard diet. Conclusion FDA-approved disulfiram has a strong anti-obesity effect on HFD-fed rats.

People with obesity are often the target of disparaging humour. The typical derision of obesity found in everyday life also extends into the realm of the media. Many assumptions have been made about the effects this type of humour may have on the public’s attitudes toward people with obesity, but little empirical research exists. In the present research, two studies sought to uncover whether jokes and humorous media depictions of people with obesity affect individuals’ attitudes. In Study 1, participants (N = 271) either read a list of derogatory jokes about obesity, read a list of derogatory comments about obesity, or read a list of jokes that were unrelated to obesity. All participants were then asked to report their 1) attitudes toward people with obesity in several domains, 2) level of belief in stereotypes about obesity and 3) judgement of the social acceptability of jokes about obesity. Participants’ scores on these dependent measures did not differ across groups suggesting obesity jokes do not have an immediate impact on attitudes. In Study 2, participants (N = 146) were shown video clips from film and television programmes that featured derogatory humour targeting obese characters. Again, participants’ scores on dependent measures did not differ across groups. The results of these studies suggest that brief exposure to derogatory weight-related humour may not affect individuals’ attitudes toward people with obesity as might be assumed. Longer exposure to disparaging humour may be required to shift individuals’ attitudes about people with obesity

Objective: To evaluate anti-obesity effect of aqueous P. nigrum extract in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) (20g/day/rat) for a period of 50 d to induce obesity. Aqueous P. nigrum extract (20 mg/kg) administered orally to high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats from 8th day to 50th day (total 42 d). The parameters like gain in body weight, serum lipids, insulin and leptin were measured. Results: The rats treated with extract showed a significant reduction in body weight gain, serum insulin, leptin, lipids as compared to rats fed with only a high-fat diet (HFD). In addition, the extract-treated group showed a considerable rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level (29.61±7.68 mg/dl) as compared to the control group (23.23±9.69 mg/dl). Conclusion: The results indicate that aqueous P. nigrum extract possess the potential to reduce obesity markers in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats.

Summary Objective In shared medical appointments (SMAs), multiple patients with a similar clinical diagnosis are seen by a multidisciplinary team for interactive group sessions. Very few studies have specifically studied SMAs and weight loss in patients with obesity. This study compared weight loss outcomes and anti‐obesity medication (AOM) access between patients with obesity managed through (SMAs) versus individual appointments. Methods Retrospective study of adults seen for obesity between September 2014 and February 2017 at Cleveland Clinic Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Percent weight loss from baseline was compared between two propensity score‐matched populations: patients who attended ≥1 SMA and patients managed with individual medical appointments. Results From all eligible patients identified (n=310 SMA, n=1,993 non‐SMA), 301 matched pairs were evaluated for weight loss. The SMA group (n=301) lost a mean of 4.2%, 5.2% and 3.8% of baseline weight over 6, 12 and 24 months; the non‐SMA group (n=301) lost significantly less weight (1.5%, 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively) (paired t‐test, P

Background: The medical and social impact of being overweight, as well as the difficulty in making long-term changes in diet, physical activity, and pitfalls associated with allopathic management, lure obese individuals to over-the-counter weight-loss herbal products (WHPs). However, the safety of herbals is questionable, as reports from all over the world suggest adulteration with synthetic weight loss agents. Objective: The present study was carried out to develop a rapid and sensitive method to screen potential weight loss adulterants in WHPs. Methodology: We procured 33 licensed brands of WHPs that are available in Puducherry (India) and through web stores. Drug-free spiked herbal matrices were used for internal proficiency testing. Spiked herbal matrices and samples were extracted and centrifuged. The supernatant was collected and subjected to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Isocratic elution was carried out by the mobile phase of methanol: 0.1% v/v formic acid (70%:30% v/v) through a C18 column. Analytes were monitored in electrospray ionization positive and negative modes, and an multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan was used. Results: Run time was 12 min. Intra- and inter-day precision was < 15% and recoveries were in the range of 99% to 115%. Limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analytes were in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 ng/ml. Conclusion: We developed a sensitive and rapid validated method for the detection of potential adulterants in WHPs. None of the WHPs analyzed were found to contain adulterants. The proposed method will be useful for routine monitoring. WHPs analyzed in this study were not adulterated indicating that WHPs from licensed sources are reliable.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a class of positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12 octadecadienoic acid) having conjugate double bond system. CLA are synthesized in rumen of the ruminants by biohydrogenation of dietary fatty acids; and thus, can be obtained from dairy products as well as from the meat of sheep, lamb and other ruminants. Among the several isomers, c9, t11-CLA isomer is the most biologically active form and accounts approximately 80% of total isomers. A number of clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the role of CLA as anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic, etc. Several researchers have suggested the positive association of CLA in weight management, hypercholesterolemia, immunomodulatory functions, and improved bone metabolism.