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The article uncovers an unpublished letter of poet Helen Maria Williams to literary salon owner Hester Lynch Piozzi in London, England, dated February 7 and probably written around 1790. The letter presents a description of Williams' life in London, insights into her ability to set up social gatherings, and nature of her friendship with Piozzi. It suggests that the home of Williams provided a place for people to meet and reveals the involvement of Piozzi in the novel "Julia."

The article provides details of the ancient Greek or Russian signet ring in the Louvre Museum in Paris, France which American poet Hilda Doolittle encountered during a visit in 1911 and matches the serpent and thistle motif which she dreamt about around the years 1904 to 1906. It describes similarities and differences of the signet ring and the description by Doolittle, including the engraved stone, position of the coiled serpents, and depiction of the deity Agathodaemon.

The article tells about a poem by Emily Dickinson discovered by Margaret R. Dakin, of the Archives and Special Collections of Amherst College in Massachusetts, embedded in an 1873 letter from Martha Ann Cushing Esty to her sister Sarah Eliza Cushing Tuckerman. It considers the idea of nature as a familiar topic in the writings of Dickinson and the familiarity of the her handwriting and rhymes. It mentions Dickinson's sending of flowers, notes and poems to the Cushing sisters.

The article identifies Mr. P as Reverend Thomas Powys, rector of Fawley, Buckinghamshire, England, to be the contributor of poems published in "European Magazine" from October to December 1804. Clues in the text of the poems are cited that helped unearthed the identity of Mr. P such as geographical references to Fawley, biographical information and inclination to fulfill his pastoral duties. It provides information on the career of Powys including as domestic chaplain and Justice of the Peace.

The article highlights a private letter sent from France by Privy Seal clerk John Offord on June 6, 1420 to an anonymous recipient in England. Topics include the numerous letters sent by Signet and Privy Seal clerks prior to the death of King Henry V of England in 1422, the reference of Offord's letter to treatments of Henry's marriage and Anglo-French relations in Paris and Johan Kern's identification of Offord's letter as addressed to his Privy Seal colleague and English poet Thomas Hoccleve.

The article presents biography of the Welsh metaphysical poet Henry Vaughan. He was born in 1621 and brought up at Tretower Court in modern-day Powys and was educated by Matthew Herbert, rector of Llangattock, and at Jesus College, Oxford. His twin, Thomas, was a poet, too, and an alchemist. Hanry died in 1695.

The article examines the suppressed polemic in an unpublished poem in 17th-century royalist poet Thomas Stanley's Cambridge poetic manuscript indicating that he was not removed from polemical verse. Topics include Stanley's lack of participation in contemporary polemic in Great Britain, an indication that the untitled elegy from his manuscript may have been written for Henry, Lord Hastings, after his death in 1649, and an authoritative analysis of Stanley's poetry by Galbraith Crump.

The article considers the folio of works by Italian poet Petrarch, titled "Francisci Petrarchae Florentini...OPERA quae extant omnia..." as the closest match to the edition of poems that English poet Thomas Watson used for his poetic sequence "Hekatompathia, or passionate centurie of loue." It mentions the matching of Watson's numbering of the poems to that of the folio of sonnets except in two instances, as well as the matching spelling except for two mistakes.

The article suggests a news pamphlet titled "Letters Sent From Venice," published by Henry Bynneman in 1571 or 1572, as a source for Elizabethan poet George Gascoigne's "A Devise of a Maske for the Right Honourable Viscount Mountacute," an English eyewitness account of the Siege of Famagusta and the Battle of Lepanto. It discusses Gascoigne's use of figures found in the pamphlet to present an account of Turkish losses in the battle.

The article presents an unpublished letter by Scottish poet and writer Sir Walter Scott to his cousin William Scott of Raeburn, dated May 1, 1826. The letter states Walter's acceptance of the proposal of his cousin to stay in his place in Abbotsford, England so he could go to the election, as well as the condition of Lady Scott.

The article cites the reference to American poet Emily Dickinson in a letter from Martha Ann Cushing Esty to her sister Anna Louisa Cushing dated July 11, 1873. It presents Esty's correspondence describing her attendance to the annual Dickinson tea party and reference to Dickinson and her sister Lavinia. It assumes the personal relationship of Dickinson with the Cushing sisters considering Esty's correspondence.

The article focuses on Abraham Cowley biblical epic Davideis as there is a previously unremarked echo of the Astronomica, a didactic epic by the ancient Roman Stoic poet Manilius. Topics include considered that Cowley never finished writing Davideis, and the Preface to his 1656 Poems where he first published it.

The article uncovers details about Jamaican poet Francis Williams' often-misunderstood background with a focus on the poem "Ode to George Haldane" that has been officially attributed to him. Topics include a brief background on his family, argument on Edward Long's translation of the poem by Williams, and a number of inaccuracies and examples of Long taking flagrant creative license in the poem.

The article explores the use of the phrase "one of the roughs," by American poet Walt Whitman in revealing his poetic identity in the 1855 edition of his poetry collection "Leaves of Grass." Topics discussed include the admiration demonstrated by Whitman for the works of English writer Charles Dickens, the response of literary critics to his method of self-identification, and the association of the phrase to gang members in New York City in the late 1800s.

The article explores the literary influence of English poet Edmund Spenser on American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne. Topics discussed include the interest demonstrated by Hawthorne in Spenser's epic poem "The Faerie Queene," the way Hawthorne adopted the design, themes, and allegory of narratives written by Spenser, and the Spenserian characteristics of Hawthorne's book "Fancy's Show-Box: A Morality."

The article explores the acknowledgment of Roman historian Titus Livius or Livy by medieval English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. Topics discussed include the way Livy was mentioned in "The Physician's Tale," one of "The Canterbury Tales," written by Chaucer, the connection of English poet John Gower to Chaucer's probable knowledge of Livy, and the Livian political concerns of Gower which he demonstrated in his tales compared to the narratives of Chaucer.

The article explains a reference about knights of the same order in the digression in the 1595 book "Defence of Poesy" by Philip Sidney. The reference was made when Sidney complained about bad poets who rushed to print. It cites the difference between the logic of poet Horace and Sidney despite the fact that the latter's reference echoes the former's work "Ars Poetica." Also noted is the goal of Sidney to improve the quality of English poetry in drafting the digression.

The article looks at the unpublished poem "Ode to Contemplation" by John Wilson Croker, author, literary critic and first secretary of the Admirality in the early 19th century Britain. Topics discussed include the reputation of Crocker as a literary critic in light of his review of the poem "Endymion" by John Keats and works by Mary Shelley and Alfred Tennyson, overview of Croker's poem "The Battles of Talavera," and the absence of punctuation in the "Ode to Contemplation."

The author suggests that the expression "into thin air" used by William Shakespeare in the play "The Tempest" was taken from Roman poet Virgil and his poem "Aeneid IV." Topics include the Oxford English Dictionary's acknowledgement of Shakespeare as the first to use the expression, the author's claim that Shakespeare may have been prompted by Virgil's line, and the reference of "The Tempest" to " Aeneid" from the opening pattern of storm and shipwreck to the extended banter about widow Dido.

The author comments on an article by Ad Putter which discussed apparent exceptions to the norms governing metrical treatment of weak adjectives in the verse of English poets Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower and Thomas Hoccleve. Topics include the author's claim that Putter advanced a purely linguistic explanation for variable counting or discounting of adjectives by the poets, an explanation of the rule mere tautology in alternating-stress and the poets' treatment of phonology of "high" and "sly."

The article focuses on Henry Goldingham, a composer, servant of English statesman Robert Dudley and author of the poem "The Garden Plot." Topics include information on Henry's family which had held manors in Essex and Suffolk, England since the early 12th-century, evidence for Henry's parentage and a brief background on his later years and declining fortunes.

The article focuses on a letter sent by papyrologist and literary scholar H. Idris Bell to the London newspaper "The Daily News and Leader" in 1914 which replied to Anglo-Welsh essayist and poet Edward Thomas' review of "Life and Poems of Dafydd ap Gwilym" compiled and translated by Evelyn Lewes. Topics include Thomas' influence on Welsh culture and the depiction of Wales in English writing, comment on Dafydd's biography as described in the book, and Thomas' criticism of Lewes' English style.

The article discusses the revision of the date of the nineteenth-century letter sent by American poet Emily Dickinson to "Springfield Republican" newspaper editor Samuel Bowles. Topics explored include the gratitude demonstrated by Dickinson to the previous visit made by Bowles, the recorded activities in Bowles in 1875 which may have complicated the initial dating of the letter, and the speculations regarding the relationship between Dickinson and Bowles.

The article examines the editorial fluidity of "Crow. From the Life and Songs of the Crow" by English poet Ted Hughes. Topics covered include some questions surrounding the purpose of editorial and textual alternation of the literary work, an examination of Hughes' involvement in the open poetic structure of the book, and Hughes' interest in the poetry of Eastern Europe.

The article argues that the popular funeral poem "Immortality" also known by its first line "Do not stand by my grave and weep," was written by American poet Clare Harner (1909-1977), although it is commonly attributed to Mary E. Frye. The tribute was written for the younger of her two brothers Olin "Olie" Wade Harner, a schoolteacher. It was first published in the Winter/December 1934 issue of "The Gypsy," a little magazine published out of Cincinnati, Ohio.

The article focuses on the two uncollected poems by Christopher Smart published in the periodical "The Universal Visiter or Monthly Memorialist" (UV). Topics discussed include the role of Smart as provider of material for the periodical together with Richard Rolt, influence of the intention of Smart to memorialize the English poetic tradition in the selection of engraved frontispiece for UV, and reason behind the attribution of essays on English poets published in UV to Smart.

The article deals with a Bible with original poem presented by English novelist and poet Charlotte Brontë to her sister Emily. Topics covered include an inscription on the flyleaf of a 1776 Bible promising eternal life for all Christians and a brief address to Emily, the involvement of book-collector Thomas James Wise in forging signatures, and the British Library's collection history of the Bible associated with Brontë.

The article considers whether a written account reportedly on the state of mental health of poet Christina Rossetti during her teenaged years has a basis in fact. The account comes from an annotation made in a copy of the 1898 book "Christina Rossetti: A Biographical and Critical Study," by Mackenzie Bell which was publicized in a 1968 note by James A. Kohl. Topics include author's assistant Hope Cranstoun Metcalfe, the diary of author and Christina's brother William Michael Rossetti, psychology scholar Lionel Godfrey Burchett, and notes taken by Christina's physician Charles John Hare who treated her during her adolescence was

The article discusses about the reflection of English poet George Herbert in the poetry of Edward Benlowes.

The article discusses the use of geometry by English poet and painter William Blake in his monotype painting called "Newton." Topics discussed include the relationship between natural sciences and his paintings which is described in his work in terms of empirical chaos and abstract order, geometric character of "Newton" based on the theory of optics, and the use of triangles in the artwork.

The author characterizes the manuscript works of English romantic poet William Wordsworth in notebooks where he wrote unfinished and unpublished parts of his "The Recluse" project in the late 1790s to the early 1800s. Topics discussed include publication of his work "The Prelude" in connection to Recluse, boundaries between one poem and another, between neat and messy drafts when the notebook was in active use, and the characteristics of his unpublished poetry.

The article discusses the allegory on the theory of mouth-space and the Tongue of Touch based on the expressive views of English poet William Blake. Topics discussed include complexity in the art and symbolism of Blake, description of Blake's Tongue of Touch in his works "The Book of Thel" and "Songs of Experience," and the sexual characteristics of the Tongue in "Poetical Sketches."

The article discusses the character of the Northern speech in the works of English poets Geoffrey Chaucer, John Skelton, and Edmund Spenser, with particular focus in the area of pronunciation. Topics discussed include the pronunciation, morphology, and lexicon in the Reeve's Tale, the third story told in Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales," pronunciation of words with e spellings in Skelton's "Why Come Ye Nat to Courte?" and the word heme in Spenser's "Shepheardes Calender."

The article discusses the letter sent by English poet John Masefield to several students of Monkton Combe Junior School in Somerset, England in the mid-1950s. Topics explored include the way Masefield responded to the letter of appreciation he received from the students, his vision for the poem "Cargoes," which he described to the recipients of his letter, and the explanation Masefield offered about the trade routes of Nineveh merchants.

The article discusses the identification of Joel Warren Norcross, brother of American poet Emily Dickinson, as the addressee in the 1883 letter written by the latter. Topics explored include the possibility that Thomas H. Johnson and Theodora Ward, editors of the 1958 book "The Letters of Emily Dickinson," may have mistakenly identified the addressee as the other brother, Alfred Norcross, the subject covered by the letter, and brief details about the family of Dickinson.

The article features haberdasher John Dernelly and his poem in the 1895 guard book "Bodleian Library, Eng. Poet. C. 3." It cites the references to the poem in the "Summary Catalogue" of the Bodleian Library and "First-Line Index of English Poetry, 1500-1800" by Margaret Crum. It mentions the inclusion of self-deprecating passages in the will of Dernelly. Also noted is the depiction of the career of Dernelly as a producer of fine wares and his contemplative meditation in the poem.

The article discusses a July 1855 letter written by British poet Alfred Tennyson to American poet Frederick Goddard Tuckerman, which discusses revisions made to his poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade." The letter was incorrectly published in the book "The Letters of Alfred Lord Tennyson," edited by Cecil Y. Lang and Edgar F. Shannon. An updated transcription of the letter is provided.

The article focuses on the corrections and annotations made by scholar and editor Edmond Malone to the book about poet John Dryden titled "The Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected: With Notes and Illustrations and a Collection of His Letters," which Malone published in 1800. Topics discussed include the history of the annotations' discovery and the transcription of Malone's notes and the annotations added by bibliographer James M. Osborn.

The article discusses a July 8, 1890 letter written by Unitarian minister and author John Hamilton Thom recollecting a October 1846 dinner discussion with English Romantic poet William Wordsworth. Topics include Wordsworth's attendance at a Presbyterian or nonconformist church, the Oxford Movement, and Tractarianism.

The article discusses eighteenth-century British author and digester Giles Jacob, focusing especially on his 1720 book "An Historical Account of the Lives and Writings of Our most Considerable English Poets, whether Epick, Lyrick, Elegaick, Epigrammatists, &c.," the second of his two-volume "Poetical Register." The book compiles accounts of the lives of 209 English poets, based particularly upon a similar 1687 work by almanac-maker William Winstanley, while also using contemporary gossip of authors generally known in London, England, as well as based upon his personal collaboration with contemporary poets in creating their public personas.

The article discusses the friendship between Huguenot poet Guillaume de Saluste Du Bartas and King James VI of Scotland in the 16th century, and how their relationship affected Du Bartas popularity. The poet's diplomatic work for King Henri de Navarre of France is discussed, as well as his efforts to negotiate marriage between James and Henri's sister Catherine de Bourbon. Du Bartas route from France to Scotland is described, as well as his reputation in the court of Queen Elizabeth, and the author discusses the connection between diplomacy and English translations of French poetry.

The article presents extensive discussion regarding an allusion to an organ loft made by the English poet John Keats in a letter to his brother George, dated September 17-27, 1819. Details are given examining the phrase which Keats used, describing its metaphorical reference to the problems of delay and expression in distant mail correspondence. Further details are given describing specific historical events involving Keats and the placement of an organ in the Winchester Cathedral of England which he was likely also alluding to.

The article discusses the "Enemies of Art" referred to by English poet William Blake in his notebook that addresses English sculptor John Flaxman and English painter Thomas Stothard. The author looks at an instance of Blake referring to himself as "Death" in one satirical work, as he visits the tombstones of his enemies. The article notes that Blake believed Flaxman and Stothard to be envious of him and conspired against him. Other included works by Blake relating to this topic include "The Four Zoas" and "Public Address."

The article discusses a group of late 18th and early 19th century English academics, clergymen, and politicians who had a shared appreciation of the third century B.C. Hellenistic Greek poet Lycophron, which included statesman Charles James Fox, scholar Gilbert Wakefield, and politician Lord Royston. The author describes Lycophron as a rather obscure figure, of which little study and reading had been done outside of this group. The author traces the study of Lycophron's poem "Alexandra" by the scholar Henry Meen that resulted in Meen's 1800 publication "Remarks on the Cassandra of Lycophron, a monody" and its influence on the interest in Lycophron by other academics.

The article discusses the 1716 edition of the poetry collection "A Collection of Poems," which contains a poem by unknown poet Charles Tooke along with poems by prominent authors such as John Dryden, the Earl of Roscommon, Charles Sedley, and George Etherege. The author traces the origins of the collection to a 1672 miscellany by Hobart Kemp and a 1693 edition by Francis Saunders, as well as an expanded 1701 edition by Benjamin Tooke and Daniel Brown. The author suggests that the title page of the 1701 edition does not reflect the contents of the miscellany, instead recalling earlier editions. The author discusses poems in the 1701 and 1716 editions by Charles Tooke such as "To a Young Lady, with the First Edition of these Miscellanies" and speculates about its inclusion in the collection.

The article discusses the 18th-century use of the phrase "one Drayton," an insult to English poet Michael Drayton, who wrote the 1612 poem "Poly-Olbion." The author suggests that the phrase originates in a 1742 letter from poet Alexander Pope to critic William Warburton and was used by Warburton in his 1747 edition of the works of author William Shakespeare. The author examines notes about the phrase in 1778 edition by Thomas Holt-White containing Warburton's text and a 1782 edition by Joseph Warton containing Pope's letter. Other topics include a 1786 article by Holt-White defending Drayton, Pope's comparison of Warburton to antiquarian John Selden, and other references to Pope's insult in 18th-century texts.

The article presents a translated reprint of the anonymous biography of English poet William Blake entitled "William Blake, ein ausgezeichneter Künstler, Dichter und Narr" which appeared in serialized format in 1833 issues of the German periodical Magazin für die Literatur des Auslandes, III, No.145-147. Blake was born in London, England on November 28, 1757, apprenticed as an engraver, married neighbor Catherine Boucher, developed a career as both poet and artist, and died August 12, 1828 (1827).

The article discusses various passages from English playwright William Shakespeare's plays that came to influence later generations of writers. Particular emphasis is given to his influence on the English dramatists and poets John Dryden, Nicholas Rowe, Thomas Otway, and Edward Young. These writers were especially influenced by passages from the plays and poems "Othello," "Sonnet 72," and "Hamlet." The importance of recollection, literary transplants, and literary imitation in the works of these writers is described.

The article discusses similarities in the poem "Wallace," by Scottish poet Hary, and the fable "Trial of the Fox," by Scottish poet Robert Henryson. The author describes the role of Scottish freedom fighter William Wallace in Hary's poem. Emphasis is given to Hary's influence on Henryson's poem, the possible use of parody in these poems, and the presence of a potter in "Wallace." The various sources Henryson drew from to construct his fable are described, including trial motifs in the "Roman de Renart," a list of animals from "The Kingis Quair," and discussions of heraldry in the "Buke of Howlat."

The article discusses the poetry of Irish poet Derek Mahon, particularly the tone of his poems in the volumes "The Yellow Book" and "Harbour Lights." Irish poet Brendan Kennelly's criticism of Mahon's poetry and of his voice is considered as is that of critic Terence Brown, who has noted the visual quality of Mahon's poems. The use of color in Mahon's poems, particularly yellow and blue, and their political implications are considered.