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One of American sociology's most persistent empirical and theoretical issues has focused on the significance and effects of geographic mobility on ethnic group social organization American Jewish communities have often been the subject of research on this matter Some studies have taken the ethnic group as the unit of analysis, examining changes in community institutions after movement occurs. This was the dominant view in American sociology until the 1950s and early 1960s, when newer research induced contrary evidence strong enough to form an alternative, less pessimistic perspective, concluding that the experience of moving is not nearly so destructive as some commentators have imagined. This paper takes up this long-standing Issue, presenting some empirical evidence and suggesting a resolution of the dual pinecone on the impact of geographic mobility on Jewish community organization, using the individual as the unit of analysis. No consistent significant relationship was found between mobility and Jewish activism, using number of residences or years in local area as the independent variable and controlling for age.

This paper is intended as a follow-up to Marshall Sahlins's "The Sadness of Sweetness: The Native Anthropology of Western Cosmology" (1996). It isolates one field of practical action—marketing and consumer behavior—to explore the ways in which the implicit theory of needs that Sahlins elucidates is embedded in marketplace behavior, broadly defined, in the United States. Supported by an ethnographic illustration, it hypothesizes the process whereby professional marketers and consumers, via their practical disposition toward each other in the mutually constituted sociocultural field of the "market," help perpetuate the Western cosmological duality of suffering and salvation. A critique of three writers on the subject of marketing and consumer behavior, Lefebvre, Baudrillard, and Bourdieu, forms the basis for a theory of cultural construction of the market and of consumer identities within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the notion that Quebec is a distinct society within Canada became the chief object of discord during the Meech Lake constitutional debate, sociologists were offered a golden opportunity to participate in shaping the evolving understandings that Canadians have of their country. But this opportunity was not grasped. This paper evaluates some of the discursive conditions that have produced the apparent indifference of Anglo-Canadian sociologists to this most crucial of sociological questions as it applies to their own country: what is a society? Of particular interest are the general underconceptualization in sociology of "society," and the conceptual confusion that links "society" to "nation," "state," and "country." Canada's political-economic autonomy relative to the United States is quite limited, and Canadian "sense of society" is vague and is challenged from within.

Two central questions are explored in this paper. First, what are the essentially American elements of American interpretive sociology as an intellectual discipline or set of related disciplines and second, at what points has American interpretive sociology borrowed significant elements from European traditions to redirect and revitalize its basic paradigms. These questions are addressed by using an approach to the sociology of knowledge that assesses the dominant features of selected disciplinary paradigms and discourse styles with particular attention to periods of crisis or change. In its concern with meaning and consciousness, interpretive sociology has historically drawn upon European currents of thought. With recent developments in the sociology of everyday life and semiotic studies, interpretive sociology has taken on new dimensions.

This paper presents a model of turnout that extends the Biker and Ordeshook (1968) model to account for the purchase of new information for assessing outcome-contingent benefits and that seeks to integrate the various institutional, sociological, psychological. and economic factors that have been advanced to account for turnout in American presidential elections. Personal and institutional data from the 1972 and 1976 ICPSR NES Panel Study and Vote Validation Survey are used to test the model. The results suggest that a variety of factors are important in influencing the turnout decision, including the perceived difference between the candidates (in 1976), sense of social duty, sense of attachment to relevant groups, political efficacy, resource constraints, residence, and the costs of registering (in 1976). Closeness of the election also seemed to have a significant impact in 1976. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comments on the capstone course. Reform of the college curriculum acquired social movement status in the mid to late 1980. Although most of the attention focused on changing general education, some critics also noted the need to revise the major. Foremost among these was the Association of American Colleges (AAC). According to the AAC Sociology Task Force Report, the capstone course should be a regular required seminar course focusing on synthesizing information and emphasize pulling the disparate pieces of the sociology major together. Students' work should bring all their preparation in the major to bear on the topic at hand and should write a senior paper or thesis or complete some other kind of professional product. The type of capstone course developed depends on how one responds to different mandates and how one views the major and the purpose of a college education. Identifying the goals of the capstone experience is the easy part. Designing and teaching the course is a continual challenge. Writing assignments are one of the most important components of the capstone course. The major writing task is compiling an intellectual autobiography. In this assignment students must assemble a portfolio of their work and must write an essay discussing their intellectual development.

While many sociology departments express concern about teaching and a desire to improve services to their undergraduate students, most find that the constraints of traditional reward systems stand in the way of maximizing such efforts. The Department of Sociology at the University of Kentucky has committed a full time, tenure track position to teaching and related duties. This paper describes this position, its responsibilities, and some of the benefits which have come from creating the position. By creating this position, the likelihood that the teaching program will work with the research program, rather than against it, is enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assumption that reporting errors are uncorrelated across survey items was tested using data from the 1949 Denver Community Survey. Respondent reports to 14 questions in that study were later validated with official records. Inaccuracy was found to be item-specific for questions about seven generally unrelated subjects. By contrast, for seven questions on electoral behavior, all of which were significantly associated, the assumption of uncorrelated errors was clearly violated: respondents inaccurate on one of the seven were disproportionately inaccurate on each of the other six. This held for groups defined by sex, age, education, and political interest. The correlated error term, combined with a tendency for levels of inaccuracy to be greater for those who expressed higher political interest, substantially increased the size of the relationship between voting and political interest. The implications of these results for survey research are discussed.
The author is Director of the Detroit Area Study in the Sociology Department, at the University of Michigan. This paper was begun while he was at the University of North Carolina's Institute for Research in Social Science. Patricia Rector rendered excellent assistance in setting up the computer work, and George Rabinowitz provided valuable help with part of the analysis. Duane Alwin, Frank Andrews, James House, and Howard Schuman offered good criticisms of an earlier draft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses what a researcher can expect when doing qualitative research in an American Indian community. Despite an attempt to adequately prepare for fieldwork the author found that the research process differed in important respects from the qualitative methods literature. The paper chronicles key differences concerning gatekeepers and the research bargain, establishing rapport and gaining acceptance, the roles assigned to the researcher, the role of key informants and brokers, and several uniquely Indian processes the author experienced. The paper concludes with a summary of salient characteristics of research among American Indians and argues that such research takes longer, the research bargain is a matter of constant negotiation, gatekeepers are ubiquitous within the community, and the researcher needs to be prepared to make some accommodations to his or her hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the development of the osteopathic profession in Britain to that of the United States. Focusing on the concepts exclusion and cooptation, this paper analyzes why the osteopathic physician in the United States has risen to equal status with the allopathic physician while being the equivalent (or less) of a chiropractor in Britain. Implications for using a power approach for explaining the professionalization process are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents various papers about service learning projects, social studies projects, research and collaborative efforts of teachers and universities to enrich the education of adolescents, and other ideas that can be adapted to the middle school environment in the U.S. One of the papers reports that the Division of Continuing Education of Bank Street College of Education, New York City, is working to change the lives of inner city children, their families, and communities by emphasizing collaboration.

Policy PointsThe historic 2022 Supreme Court Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization decision has created a new public policy landscape in the United States that will restrict access to legal and safe abortion for a significant proportion of the population.Policies restricting access to abortion bring with them significant threats and harms to health by delaying or denying essential evidence‐based medical care and increasing the risks for adverse maternal and infant outcomes, including death.Restrictive abortion policies will increase the number of children born into and living in poverty, increase the number of families experiencing serious financial instability and hardship, increase racial inequities in socioeconomic security, and put significant additional pressure on under‐resourced social welfare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey in the United States revealed that an alarmingly large percentage of university psychologists admitted having used questionable research practices that can contaminate the research literature with false positive and biased findings. We conducted a replication of this study among Italian research psychologists to investigate whether these findings generalize to other countries. All the original materials were translated into Italian, and members of the Italian Association of Psychology were invited to participate via an online survey. The percentages of Italian psychologists who admitted to having used ten questionable research practices were similar to the results obtained in the United States although there were small but significant differences in self-admission rates for some QRPs. Nearly all researchers (88%) admitted using at least one of the practices, and researchers generally considered a practice possibly defensible if they admitted using it, but Italian researchers were much less likely than US researchers to consider a practice defensible. Participants’ estimates of the percentage of researchers who have used these practices were greater than the self-admission rates, and participants estimated that researchers would be unlikely to admit it. In written responses, participants argued that some of these practices are not questionable and they have used some practices because reviewers and journals demand it. The similarity of results obtained in the United States, this study, and a related study conducted in Germany suggest that adoption of these practices is an international phenomenon and is likely due to systemic features of the international research and publication processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, university-industry collaborations in China and the USA are analyzed in terms of co-authored publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS). Results show a wide gap between China and the USA: Chinese universities are much less active in collaborations with industry in terms of either publication productivity or collaboration intensity. In selecting local and foreign industrial partners, however, more variation exists among Chinese universities than among US universities. The US system is domestically oriented more than that of China. In the USA, the intensity of university-industry collaboration is determined by research quality, whereas in China this is not the case. In both China and the USA, distance is not critical for the establishment of domestic university-industry collaboration. A high correlation is found between productivity indicators including total publications and university-industry co-authored publications. However, the productivity indicators are less correlated with the intensity of university-industry collaboration. Large research universities with strong ties to domestic industry play critical roles in both national publication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discourse around the bridging the gap debate is seen to a unique sub-set of the social sciences in the United States as applied to a unique American approach to security. This article looks beyond US National Security and the practices of the discipline of political science at US universities to address, and expand on, some specific ideas in Michael Desch's volume The Cult of the Irrelevant. We offer that an integrative assessment of how scholarly work can best inform security policies and practices requires more critical examination in four domains: consideration of how different disciplines frame key issues and speak to each other; understanding the dynamics of the policy marketplace; assessments to alternate ways to frame security and national security; and requirements to critical challenge the privilege academics have awarded themselves as the purveyors (and gatekeepers) of 'knowledge' and the 'truth'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The personality trait of openness has been shown to contribute to a person's ability to function effectively. Additionally, scholars have suggested that openness to experience and foreign language experience were related to music preference. Extending from earlier scholarship, this study examined the relationship between openness to experience and the various types of musical and language experiences reported by undergraduate music majors in Turkey and the United States. Participants (N = 380) were surveyed using the Openness to Experience domain of the NEO-PI-R and an author-designed survey with questions about participants' musical backgrounds and interests, foreign language abilities, age, and sex. Results showed that U.S. students rated significantly higher in four of the five dimensions of the Openness domain than their Turkish counterparts (Wilks'λ =.57; F (5, 374) = 55.37, p <.001). Factor analysis results showed that (a) experiences in foreign languages, (b) listening to Turkish traditional, pop, and folk music, and (c) listening to American (pop and folk) and Western classical music cumulatively explained 68.49% of the variance in openness. Correlation analyses suggested that listening to Western classical, American folk, and American pop music was associated with higher openness scores, and listening to Turkish traditional, folk, and pop music was associated with lower openness scores. Additionally, the number of foreign languages participants studied correlated with four of the dimensions. Results suggest that both groups could benefit from increased, broader, and deeper exposure to different musical genres from diverse cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a Persepctive, Richard Fluck and Maarten Taal discuss the potential value of implementing multidisciplinary care programs for chronic kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section introduces a series of articles on financing sociological research. The late Alvin Gouldner presented us with a fundamental paradox that those who supply the greatest resources for the institutional development of sociology are precisely those who most distort its quest for knowledge. The problem of financing sociological research is not the burden of individual researchers, it is the challenge to a discipline and a profession that must take account of a shifting cultural-political climate and be accountable to a restive public. The paper by Martin Bulmer examines the unique role of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, under the directorship of Breadsley Ruml, in distributing relatively large amounts of money for social research during the 1920s. Highlighting the entry of more direct federal government support for basic social science research, Roberta Balstand Miller's paper, The Social Sciences and the Politics of Science: the 1940s, examines the debate about the inclusion of the social sciences in the legislation that established the National Science Foundation.

Most of the papers in this symposium were presented at a conference on the economics of information held at Stanford in April 1975, under the auspices of the National Science Foundation—National Bureau of Economic Research (four of the papers, those by Heal, Salop, Spence and Stiglitz, had been submitted to the Review earlier, but because of the similarity of topic, are published with the conference papers). The papers, though all related to the problems arising from costly information, are diverse both with respect to the question addressed, the techniques of analysis employed and the particular markets investigated. A basic theme running through most of the papers is that imperfect information alters, in a fundamental way, the conventional notion of a market, with buyers and sellers coming together to trade; in a full information equilibrium there is a single price, markets clear and all individuals and firms view themselves as price takers. The price charged is independent of the quantity purchased. Although the notion of the market-place is often thought of as an idealization, even when there is not a single market-place at which all transactions occur, the economy behaves as if there were a single market-place; this will be true so long as there are some arbitrageurs to make sure that the "law of single price" prevails. Finally, conventional theory has shown that under fairly weak conditions such a competitive equilibrium exists and is Pareto Optimal. Recent developments in the economics of information, including the papers presented here, have shown that ail of these statements are questionable. In the papers presented here, there is not a single price in equilibrium; firms do not act as price takers; prices do more than just clear markets—they convey information; prices charged may depend on the quantity purchased; competitive equilibrium may not exist and may not be Pareto Optimal. The basic character of how we ought to view the competitive economy is altered if we take seriously imperfections of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on book publishing in the field of Anthropology in the U.S. The publishing of Anthropological books has been affected by the shrinkage of the market and financial shortage. The current situation of the book publishing in Anthropology can be determined by a study commissioned by the Association of American University Presses in 1988. In the U.S., university presses, academically oriented commercial publishing houses and the textbook divisions of commercial publishers publish Anthropology books. Despite the fragmentation of the field and the lack of anthropologists and students, book publishing in anthropology has remained healthy.

Whereas past wolf management in the United States was restricted to recovery, managers must now contend with publicly contentious post-recovery issues including regulated hunting seasons. Understanding stakeholder concerns associated with hunting can inform stakeholder engagement, communication, and policy development and evaluation. Social identity theory (SIT) has been used to understand how groups interact, why they conflict, and how collaboration may be achieved. Applying SIT to stakeholder conflicts about wolf hunting may help delineate groups according to their concern about, support for or opposition to the policy choice of hunting wolves. Our objective was to assess concerns about hunting as a tool to resolve conflict in Michigan, using SIT as a framework. We used a mixed-modal sampling approach (e.g., paper, Internet) with wolf hunting-related public meeting participants in March 2013. Survey questions focused on 12 concerns previously identified as associated with hunting as a management tool to resolve conflict. Respondents (n  =  666) cared greatly about wolves but were divided over hunting wolves. Wolf conflicts, use of science in policy decisions, and maintaining a wolf population were the highest ranked concerns. Principle components analysis reduced concerns into three factors that explained 50.7% of total variance; concerns crystallized over justifications for hunting. General linear models revealed a lack of geographic influence on care, fear and support for hunting related to wolves. These findings challenge assumptions about regional differences and suggest a strong role for social identity in driving dichotomized public perceptions in wildlife management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study historical correlations and lead-lag relationships between individual stock risk (volatility of daily stock returns) and market risk (volatility of daily returns of a market-representative portfolio) in the US stock market. We consider the cross-correlation functions averaged over all stocks, using 71 stock prices from the Standard & Poor's 500 index for 1994–2013. We focus on the behavior of the cross-correlations at the times of financial crises with significant jumps of market volatility. The observed historical dynamics showed that the dependence between the risks was almost linear during the US stock market downturn of 2002 and after the US housing bubble in 2007, remaining at that level until 2013. Moreover, the averaged cross-correlation function often had an asymmetric shape with respect to zero lag in the periods of high correlation. We develop the analysis by the application of the linear response formalism to study underlying causal relations. The calculated response functions suggest the presence of characteristic regimes near financial crashes, when the volatility of an individual stock follows the market volatility and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What if half of the people in the jury pool for a capital case are unqualified to sit--and the lawyers are not accurately identifying and removing them? And what if the lawyers are actually identifying the wrong people as unqualified and removing them instead? This appears to be the case. The Constitution prohibits jurors who will always (or never) vote to impose the death penalty. As developed in this Article, the existing social science suggests that 5-30% of potential jurors may be automatic death penalty (ADP) voters and between 2-34% may be automatic life sentence (ALS) voters. Further, lawyers are not accurately identifying them. Researchers have surveyed jurors who sat in capital cases and found that a stunning 14-57% were ADP voters, while 2-7% were ALS voters. Meanwhile, qualified venirepersons are being tossed out. Researchers have found that 60-65% of those classified as ALS could vote for death in some circumstances, and at trial, this would result in the exclusion of life-leaning venirepersons. The high rate of improperly included ADP voters along with the high rate of improperly excluded lifeleaning voters stacks the jury pool against the defendant. This unfair and unreliable process calls into question whether the death penalty is constitutional as applied. What can we do about it? This Article draws on the social sciences to show that there are two likely sources for this inaccuracy. First, potential jurors make it through the selection process because lawyers ask questions that invoke social desirability bias. This means that the potential jurors answer in ways that will portray themselves in the best possible light, even if that answer does not reflect what they really feel. Next, the lawyers fail to define "capital murder" when questioning potential jurors. The lawyers do not specify that "capital murder," in most jurisdictions, is willful, deliberate, premeditated murder. Potential jurors who are ADP may be thinking, "Well, I would vote for life if the defendant didn't mean to kill the victim; or the killing was an accident; or was in self-defense; or the defendant was adequately provoked; or the defendant was insane." They think they can vote for life in some circumstances--but under those circumstances, the defendant would not be death-eligible. This Article then provides suggestions for addressing these two sources of error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Latin American Journal of Content & Language Integrated Learning is the property of Universidad de La Sabana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Neighborhood sustainability assessment tools have become widespread since the turn of 21st century and many communities, mainly in the developed world, are utilizing these tools to measure their success in approaching sustainable development goals. In this study, seven tools from Australia, Europe, Japan, and the United States are selected and analyzed with the aim of providing insights into the current situations; highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures; and making recommendations for future improvements. Using a content analysis, the issues of sustainability coverage, pre-requisites, local adaptability, scoring and weighting, participation, reporting, and applicability are discussed in this paper. The results of this study indicate that most of the tools are not doing well regarding the coverage of social, economic, and institutional aspects of sustainability; there are ambiguities and shortcomings in the weighting, scoring, and rating; in most cases, there is no mechanism for local adaptability and participation; and, only those tools which are embedded within the broader planning framework are doing well with regard to applicability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This essay explores the relationship between Ex Corde Ecclesiae and its application in the United States on the one hand andthe practice and teaching of the social sciences on the other The paper reflects on ways the bishops and laity can advance the social sciences, which provide the current-day lingua franca ofpublic discourse, and expresses the need to invoke social scienttfic research in the public square. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program was developed to allow selected physician clinicians to acquire certain skills which are not part of the usual physician's repertoire. Begun in 1969 with support from the Carnegie Corporation and the Commonwealth Fund, funding has been provided since 1973 by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. By June 1981, 309 physicians had completed their training as clinical scholars, and a majority were pursuing careers in academic medicine. This paper recounts the factors and forces which led to the initiation and development of the program, its successes and failures, the problems faced, the achievements of clinical scholar alumni, and the program's current status.

In recent years, the behavioral sciences have contributed tremendously tot he education of future physicians, dentists, nurses, and other health care professionals. With the inclusion of the behavioral sciences component in the National Board Examination (1972), many medical schools have revised their curricula to include sociology in the training of the future physician. However, the tremendous shortage of qualified social scientists made it difficult to meet the needs of medical schools and health programs in the country.In view of this problem, this paper will present a single conceptual model that can be used as an organizational device for teaching some basic social science concepts to health care students and to assist them in the comprehension of the impact of society-culture-personality (SCP) on the health care institution as a whole. Uses of this model have been presented elsewhere.(1,2)

Networks describe a variety of interacting complex systems in social science, biology, and information technology. Usually the nodes of real networks are identified not only by their connections but also by some other characteristics. Examples of characteristics of nodes can be age, gender, or nationality of a per- son in a social network, the abundance of proteins in the cell taking part in protein-interaction networks, or the geographical position of airports that are connected by directed flights. Integrating the information on the connections of each node with the information about its characteristics is crucial to discriminating between the essential and negligible characteristics of nodes for the structure of the network. In this paper we propose a general indicator 0, based on entropy measures, to quantify the dependence of a network's structure on a given set of features. We apply this method to social networks of friendships in U.S. schools, to the protein-interaction network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to the U.S. airport network, showing that the proposed measure provides information that complements other known measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the findings of a qualitative investigation about four elementary preservice teachers' experiences learning to teach social studies in the No Child Left Behind era. The participants' internship took place in an elementary school which devoted the majority of the day to literacy and mathematics instruction. Because previous interns in the school had limited or no opportunity to teach social studies, the four participants were required to complete an Interdisciplinary Teaching Assignment to ensure that they were able to teach and reflect upon teaching social studies at least one time during the semester. Findings indicated the interns found the experience meaningful and rewarding because of their students' enthusiasm toward the content and instructional approaches. After meeting the requirements of the assignment, the participants found ways to borrow time from the hours dedicated to literacy and mathematics instruction in order to address social studies topics and themes. The paper concludes with a discussion of teacher educators' roles in preserving social studies education in American. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an expert system using fuzzy approach to investigate the effects of noise pollution on speech interference. The speech interference measured in terms of speech intelligibility is considered to be a function of noise level, distance between speaker and listener, and the age of the listener. The main source of model development is the reports of World Health Organization (WHO) and field surveys conducted by various researchers. It is implemented on Fuzzy Logic Toolbox of MATLAB using both Mamdani and Sugeno techniques. The results are found to be in good agreement with the findings of World Health Organization (WHO) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The study reveals that for good communication at normal distances (‘short’ and ‘medium’) encountered in ambient environment, the noise level should not exceed 65dB(A) for ‘young’ and ‘middle aged’, and 55dB(A) for ‘old’ persons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this essay, I reflect on the ways elements of Robin M. Williams Jr.’s research agenda might be carried forth in a meaningful way to sociological studies of twenty-first-century phenomena—in particular identifying the ways in which the facts of human interaction, of human expectation, and of human influence shapes outcomes of significance for our present, our future, and, therefore, our past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that existing interpretations of US structural power in international finance do not pay sufficient attention to its institutional basis and specifities. It reviews some of the contributions to the literature and offers an account of the re-emergence of global finance during the 1960s to the monetarist turn and its aftermath. The conclusion offers some thoughts on the implications of the analysis for our understanding of US financial power in the current era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper examines the role of mechanical refrigeration in seasonality and structural change in the U.S. hog–corn cycle, 1870–1940. This period covers an era in which the widespread adoption of mechanical refrigeration greatly affected the ability to store and transport perishable commodities. These developments in turn altered the seasonal production and price structure for many commodities, including pork. We use a new class of time series models, time-varying smooth transition autoregressions (TV-STARs), to document both the structural change and the nonlinear features observed in seasonal patterns for the U.S. hog–corn price relationship during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents abstracts of papers related to social sciences. The abstracts include "Nincuna Isla Es Una Isla," "La Guerra Del Gas O El Modelo Atmoterrorista," and "La Centralidad Del Feminismo En La Historia Política Americana, 1776-2000."

Published QUARTERLY in the interest of constructive synthesis in the social sciences, under grants from the FrancisNeilsonFund and the RobertSchalkenbachFoundation.Founded in 1941Volume 64 April, 2005 Number 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's opinions regarding the integration of a social studies unit on China with the curriculum of science at the Brooklyn New School in the U.S. The social studies unit focused on silkworms as an important resource for the Chinese. From a scientific point of view, silkworms can be used as a tool for teaching animal classification and life cycles. According to the article author, classroom activities related to social studies can be designed for science education classes.

This is an account of the early days of research on social determinants as I experienced them. I describe my time as one of four Fellows in a new training program in Medical Sociology at Yale University and how I came to be the first Sociologist employed in the U.S. Public Health Service. I then became the first Executive Secretary of a new Study Section at NIH dealing with a small number of research grant proposals in the field of Epidemiology. My account deals with some of my experiences in this developing field, culminating with my appointment as the first Sociologist to become a Professor of Epidemiology in a School of Public Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the analytical framework of boundary-work, I examine how the cultural space of demography, its borders and its territories, were constructed and reconstructed as scientists continuously struggled to maintain, increase, and defend the cognitive authority of science and particular interpretations of reality. While the emerging field of population united both biologists and social scientists in the early 20th century, the controversy over the biologist Raymond Pearl's logistic curve in the inter-war period became one of the defining features in the development of the population sciences in the United States. Pearl's use of the logistic curve reflected his biologically determinist vision of human progress and the definition and function of science within that process. Pearl's critics, the majority numbered among the social sciences, opposed such an imperialistic vision. With the weakening of Pearl's influence, American demography was clearly defined as a social science. In disciplinary histories, Pearl's defeat is attributed to scientific progress and the collapse of credibility for the eugenics movement. Thus a history of a scientific progression from biological determinism to social empiricism is combined with a shift from population ideology to population science. Yet the attack on the biological laws in the 1930s had as much to do with differing opinions as how to best regulate a population according to eugenic standards, as it was a struggle between a biologically determinist eugenics and a social science of reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the historical absence of the study of religion from mainstream social science and public policy. One indication that sociology of religion has stood on the sidelines of mainstream sociology is the fact that in the 96 years of its existence, only one of 97 American Sociological Association presidents could be characterized as having a central interest in the study of religion, namely, J. Milton Yinger in 1977. The positivistic stance of social science in the 20th century also introduced an anti-religious bias into both research and the organization of sociology departments in the U.S. The 1980s and 1990s brought a number of changes, both substantive and institutional, that prompted more attention to the topic of religion and brought social scientists studying religion into closer contact with social scientists in other subdisciplines. Furthermore, developments in four theoretical areas in the social sciences catapulted religious issues into mainstream dialogues: globalization, social movements, civic culture and rational choice theory. The worldwide rise of fundamentalism and its impact on political regimes, family structures, demographic patterns and education systems around the world was reflected in international policy forums. It is evident that publishing in one of the mainstream journals is both cause and effect of the greater acceptance by the sociological community of research concerning religion.

Copyright of Canadian Studies in Population is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the sociological research opportunities that can be found in Canada. The Canadian case offers a veritable cornucopia of research opportunities for the American sociologist. Although Canada is similar in many ways to the U.S., it also differs in significant respects. Given that many important variables can be held more or less constant, opportunities for theoretically meaningful research abound. Likewise, implications for policy are plentiful. The rapidly evolving nature of race relations in Canada might well inform discussions in the U.S. Until as late as 1975, Canada's racial minorities were a minuscule proportion of the overall population. After a change in immigration policy, the percentage reached 6.3 percent in 1986; and 11.2 percent in 1996. In the Canadian census, as well as in standard academic discussions, aboriginals are not included with visible minorities. While there is variation in the situation of visible minorities--some are quite prosperous--the situation vis-a-vis aboriginals is otherwise. The figures on poverty, unemployment, life expectancy, incarceration, murder, and so forth are extreme and show only modest signs of improvement. Canada has always been bilingual. Canada is also a bi-religious country. It used to be that Protestants outnumbered Catholics in a pattern somewhat similar to that in the U.S.

If the duty of the intellectual in society is to make a difference, the management research community has a long way to go to realize its potential. The Starkey and Madan (2001) report is a useful entry point into the debate about what kind of management research, but it defines the issues too narrowly and seeks solutions too particularly. The big strategic issues about management research are about capacity, capability and delivery. In an era of knowledge production after modernism there is a more receptive context to meet the double hurdles of management research. Research without scholarly quality will satisfy no one and will certainly disable our capacity to meet the double hurdle of scholarly quality and relevance. A more contextualist and dynamic view of knowing needs to be supported by a re-engagement of management researchers with social scientists and users, a re-engagement between European management researchers and their colleagues in the USA and a period of experimentation and learning with all the potential partners out there waiting to engage with us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents theses on the classroom teaching of economics from the annual meeting of the Southern Economic Association in the United States. Basis of writings on pedagogy outside the discipline of economics; Propositions on the difficulty of teaching the subject; Suggestions for the improvement of the classroom teaching of economics.

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Following the budget cutting, a decision was made by economists in the Division of Social Sciences to utilize the funds budgeted for management science to support grant proposals in economics. This was done without announcing the new program, apparently in the belief that the management science program was dead. Today DRMS is located in the Division of Social and Economic Sciences in the Directorate of Biological, Behavioral, and Social Sciences. Two marketing professors, Eric Johnson of the University of Pennsylvania and J. Edward Russo Cornell are members of the advisory panel. The research philosophy established in 1982 as indicated above remains intact, and over the years many research proposals in marketing have been funded by DRMS.

This essay provides information on the translations of books or articles, reviews published by the main French journals about U.S. work in sociology, as well as quotations from and references to U.S. texts which are all indications of U.S. influence on French sociology. The focus of this essay is U.S. texts translated into French or reviewed in French, in other words, texts available to a wide audience of non-English readers. Other channels of exchange and direct quotations from original texts deserves analysis, but many French sociologists are unlikely to read the original works in English. The bulk of this essay is limited in scope to translations of books over a very long period. Then the range of our observations will be broadened to reviews of U.S. books and articles by U.S. sociologists published in a selection of main nonspecialized French journals over the last two decades. While books often reach a wider lay audience, these journals are mainly meant for specialists. Selecting such a corpus implies determining who is a U.S. sociologist. In this paper, United States refers to the author's usual place of residence, a criterion sometimes difficult to apply, whether because of lack of information because some sociologists are often on the move. The choices made also imply defining sociology, and that is a more difficult issue; social and cultural anthropology are included whenever fieldwork takes place in industrialized societies; historical sociology is excluded when its main concern is about societies in the past. Approximately one hundred first translations of sociology books can be listed over the 1880-1998 period. The risk of omissions in listing these books is higher for years before 1970, since computerized library catalogues are of little help before that date. The median delay between original and French publication is nine years. The number of translated books reached its peak in the early 1970s.

The author do not see a conflict between roles of social scientist and social critic. On the contrary, the author has always felt obligated not just to undertake the most rigorous scientific research, but also to disseminate the results of that research to the widest possible audience. After all, some aspect of demography underlies nearly every political issue of import, and as a concerned citizen the author has a duty to speak out whenever demographic facts or analysis are relevant to an ongoing public debate. Most of author's research has been funded by American taxpayers, who likewise have a right to know how their taxes are spent. Moreover, the part not funded by taxpayers was paid for by private foundations, which also expect some return on their investment besides a few boring articles in journals that no one but a few graduate students and professors will ever read. Thus, the author believe, that demographers, especially those in federally funded population centers, owe it to the public to be accessible and forthcoming about their research and its implications. As a critical demographer, the author has found himself addressing the public in four different ways.

Bergstrom has shown that Becker's "Rotten Kid theorem" holds in a world of two commodities if their utilities are transferable. The present paper identifies a further circumstance in which the theorem is valid. We show that it also holds in the absence of transferable utility if the externalities are assumed to take the form of a single pure public good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]