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Summary: This research introduces a comprehensive suite of neural network models designed to tackle the challenging task of rumor stance detection within the framework of simulating complex rumor propagation systems. Our objective centers on accurately modeling the intricate structures of rumor dialogues and propagation patterns to identify user stances—whether they are in support, denial, questioning, or commenting on rumors. Unlike conventional methods that rely on simplistic keyword targeting and fail in the nuanced context of social networks, our models delve into the complexities of dialogue and propagation structures, offering a more precise and insightful analysis of rumor dynamics. In addressing the simulation and modeling of complex systems, our approach specifically focuses on the elaborate interaction networks that underpin rumor spread and reception. While our methodology does not directly engage with brain‐like computing paradigms, it reflects a similar level of sophistication in handling layered and complex information flows, analogous to cognitive processes in understanding and interpreting human communications. Employing a hierarchical attention mechanism, our models adeptly parse through multitiered dialogue sequences, effectively distinguishing between various indicators of user stances. This allows for a nuanced and detailed representation of the rumor ecosystem, significantly enhancing the accuracy of stance detection. Through rigorous testing on diverse datasets, our approach has demonstrated superior performance over existing models, thereby establishing a new benchmark in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the fault‐tolerant consensus issue of a class of nonlinear two‐time‐scale‐agent systems with heterogeneous sensor faults and external disturbances. First, the decentralized proportional integral (PI) observer for each agent is constructed to estimate the states and sensor faults simultaneously. Then, a distributed adaptive protocol based on the decentralized PI observer is designed to guarantee the consensus of the underlying systems. Some sufficient existence conditions are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for the decentralized PI observer and the fault tolerant consensus protocol. Note that H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ performance index is employed to attenuate the influence of sensor faults and disturbances on state estimation and the consensus of the underlying systems. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated by an application example and a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the fundamental components of blood vessels. While the role of ECs in tumor angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment is well appreciated, pericyte function in tumors remains underexplored. In this study, we used pericyte-specific deletion of the nitric oxide (NO) receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), to investigate via single-cell RNA sequencing how pericytes influence the vascular niche and the tumor microenvironment. Our findings demonstrate that pericyte sGC deletion disrupts EC–pericyte interactions, impairing Notch-mediated intercellular communication and triggering extensive transcriptomic reprogramming in both pericytes and ECs. These changes further extended their influence to neighboring cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through paracrine signaling, collectively suppressing tumor growth. Inhibition of pericyte sGC has minimal impact on quiescent vessels but significantly increases the vulnerability of angiogenic tumor vessels to conventional anti-angiogenic therapy. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the role of pericytes in shaping the tumor vascular niche and tumor microenvironment and support pericyte sGC targeting as a promising strategy for improving anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer treatment. Synopsis: The precise role and therapeutic targeting potential of pericytes in tumor growth remains insufficiently explored. By selectively disrupting soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) signaling in pericytes, this study reveals their impact on the vascular niche and tumor microenvironment. Pericyte-specific deletion of sGC results in detachment of pericytes from the endothelium within tumors. Pericyte sGC deletion induces transcriptome reprogramming in both pericytes and ECs. Pericytes and neighboring endothelial cells (ECs) within the vascular niche collectively regulate cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within tumors. Inhibition of pericyte sGC enhances the susceptibility of tumor blood vessels to anti-angiogenic therapy. Pericyte-specific inhibition of nitric oxide receptor increases the vulnerability of angiogenic tumor vessels to anti-angiogenic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a case of Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in a 24-year-old patient who also had autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP-A), a rare autoimmune condition of the central nervous system. The patient experienced symptoms such as fever, headache, and seizures, and was initially treated with various medications before being diagnosed with FMF and GFAP-A. Treatment with immunoglobulin and steroids led to significant improvement in the patient's condition. This is the first reported case of FMF with concurrent GFAP-A in an adult. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The optimal systemic treatment for pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) remains controversial, and recent advances in LCNEC molecular subtype classification have provided potential strategies for assisting in treatment decisions. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of treatment regimens, molecular subtypes and their concordance on clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with LCNEC. Patients and Methods: All patients diagnosed with advanced pulmonary LCNEC in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between January 2000 and October 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The tumor samples were collected and sequenced using a tumor-specific gene panel, while clinical information was retrieved from the medical records system. The survival and therapeutic response were analyzed and compared between different subgroups classified by treatment regimen (SCLC or NSCLC-based), molecular subtype (type I or II) or the combination. Results: In univariate subgroup analysis categorized only by treatment regimen or molecular subtype, there were no differences identified in DCR, ORR, PFS, or OS. Nevertheless, the group with consistent treatment regimen and molecular subtype exhibited significantly longer OS than that of the inconsistent group (median OS 37.7 vs. 8.3months; p=0.046). Particularly, the OS of patients with type II LCNEC treated with SCLC-based regimen was significantly prolonged than that of others (median 37.7 vs. 10.5months; p=0.039). Conclusions: Collectively, our study revealed the clinical outcomes of different treatment regimens for LCNEC patients highly depend on their molecular subtypes, highlighting the need for sequencing-guided therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polydopamine (PDA) has been widely used in the field of energetic materials; however, there are few reports on the ammonium perchlorate (AP) coating of PDA. In this article, to improve the mechanical properties of the GAP‐ETPE‐based propellant, a two‐step method was used to coat the AP with PDA and used in glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) based propellant. SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS were used to analyze the morphology and composition of PDA@AP, while contact angle testing and calculation were performed to measure the wettability and surface energy of both PDA@AP and GAP‐ETPE. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of the propellant were measured. The results showed that the PDA@AP composite particles were successfully prepared. The crystal form remained unchanged during the preparation process. The wettability of PDA on AP was improved through the coating of PDA, leading to an increase in the surface energy of AP and enhancing the adhesion between AP and GAP. Mechanical performance testing shows that using PDA@AP in propellants increased the tensile strength of the propellant from 1.2 to 1.8 MPa, while the elongation at break decreased from 208% to 155%. The "dewetting ratio" has also decreased from 2.88 to below 2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing abstractive text summarisation models only consider the word sequence correlations between the source document and the reference summary, and the summary generated by models lacks the cover of the subject of source document due to models' small perspective. In order to make up these disadvantages, a multi‐domain attention pointer (MDA‐Pointer) abstractive summarisation model is proposed in this work. First, the model uses bidirectional long short‐term memory to encode, respectively, the word and sentence sequence of source document for obtaining the semantic representations at word and sentence level. Furthermore, the multi‐domain attention mechanism between the semantic representations and the summary word is established, and the proposed model can generate summary words under the proposed attention mechanism based on the words and sentences. Then, the words are extracted from the vocabulary or the original word sequences through the pointer network to form the summary, and the coverage mechanism is introduced, respectively, into word and sentence level to reduce the redundancy of summary content. Finally, experiment validation is conducted on CNN/Daily Mail dataset. ROUGE evaluation indexes of the model without and with the coverage mechanism are improved respectively, and the results verify the validation of model proposed by this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, applications of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a class of novel crystalline porous materials fabricated by organic structural blocks only containing light elements such as C, H, N, O and B through strong covalent bonds, in electrochemical sensing have entered a period of rapid development and showed great potential in various analytical fields such as environmental analysis, food analysis, pharmaceutical analysis, biological and clinical analysis owing to their unique advantages including regular porosity, large specific surface area, periodical ordered structure, extended π‐conjugated system, abundant functional groups and outstanding thermal and chemical stability. But there are still many concerns that need to be urgently solved for further electrochemical sensing application including improvement of electric conductivity and enhancement of selectivity. Limited by poor conductivity and low recognition ability of primitive COFs, they always need to be further functionalized. To further promote the development of COFs‐based electrochemical sensing technology, here, we summarize and review the recent advances on construction of two‐dimensional functional COFs materials for electrochemical sensing applications and related sensing device setups in detail, including design strategies, preparation methods, modification considerations, sensing principles and analytical applications, and tentatively propose development prospects and outlooks in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characteristic granites of the East Tethyan Tectonic Domain (ETTD) are primarily exposed along the Himalayan orogenic belt and Gangdese batholith in the north, extend from western Yunnan in the centre, and through the Burma batholith to Peninsular Malaysia in the south. Western Yunnan is an important part of the ETTD magmatic arc, featuring characteristic granites that mainly developed between the Jurassic and Paleogene. Nonetheless, compared to other regions of the ETTD, Miocene magmatism has been poorly documented in western Yunnan. The Xiaomasa granite occurs in the Ximeng area of western Yunnan. In this study, we present U–Pb ages, and Hf–O isotope data for zircon crystals from the Xiaomasa granite pluton. Laser Ablation–Multicollector–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (LA–MC–ICP–MS) zircon U–Pb dating yields precise emplacement ages of 15.8–16.1 Ma for the Xiaomasa granite, indicating that Miocene granitic magmatism occurred in western Yunnan. Zircons from the Xiaomasa granite have negative εHf(t) values ranging from −6.6 to −11.6, relatively high δ18O values (6.8%–10.2‰), and two‐stage Hf isotopic model ages (1.51–1.83 Ga). Zircon Hf–O isotopic characteristics indicate that the Xiaomasa granite was mainly derived from partial melting of ancient continental crust. The Ximeng Precambrian metamorphic basement is a probable material source for the granite. The Xiaomasa granite was probably produced by partial melting of the thickened Ximeng ancient metamorphic basement under a reduced pressure environment, reflecting a cumulative effect of the escape of Sundaland caused by the dynamics of the continuous India–Asia collision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural modulation of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) remains a major challenge in rational catalyst design for artificial photosynthesis of valuable chemicals. Herein, a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) assisted polymerization is utilized to prepare 1D holey g‐C3N4 nanorods (HCN) with nitrogen vacancies and oxygen dopants for photochemical synthesis of lactic acid via monosaccharide photooxidation. The HCN exhibits a remarkable yield of 75.5% for lactic acid from a wide assortment of sugars such as hexose (C5) to pentose (C6), together with an excellent hydrogen production rate of 2.8 mmol h−1 g−1. Mechanistic studies confirm the rapid generation of superoxide radical is responsible for the superior activity, enjoying the synergetic effect between nitrogen vacancies and oxygen dopants. This work provides new directions for the design of green and efficient photocatalysts for biomass upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the energetic thermoplastic polymers were synthesized with different ratios of energetic prepolymer glycidyl azide (GAP) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and used as the binder to prepare fuel‐rich propellants based on Al−Mg. The results showed that energetic thermoplastic polymer enabled the fuel‐rich propellant a faster flame spread, greater flame strength, and a stronger injection effect of metal droplets. The weight loss (Δm) of the propellants increased with GAP content, while the weight loss rate (Dmax) increased similarly. The Δm increased from 7.92 % to 9.86 % and Dmax from −0.23 % ⋅ °C−1 to −0.35 % ⋅ °C−1 in the range 100–256.5 °C. The propellant with the highest GAP content (85GAP‐Prop) had the lowest apparent activation energy (150.77 kJ ⋅ mol−1). The average pressure rate of 85GAP‐Prop burning in a closed bomb reached 7.67 MPa ⋅ s−1 and the maximum instantaneous pressure rate could reach 16.52 MPa ⋅ s−1, significantly higher than the other propellants. The combustion products analysis indicated that the higher GAP content in the GAP‐IPDI energetic thermoplastic polymer more significantly reduced the agglomeration of Al particles and improved the loosening of the combustion products. The rapid combustion gas generation characteristic and energy release of energetic thermoplastic polymer enhanced the combustion characteristics of the fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg, which promoted dispersion level between the metal droplets. This work provides insight into the combustion principles and performance improvements of fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been few reports on the substituent effect of main‐group‐element corrole complexes as ligand‐centered homogeneous electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The key to comprehend the catalytic mechanism and develop efficient catalysts is the elucidation of the effects of electronic structure on the performance of energy‐related small molecules. In this work, the "push‐pull" electronic effect of the substituents on electrocatalytic HER of phosphorus corroles was investigated by using 5,10,15‐tris(phenyl) corrole phosphorus (1P), 10‐pentafluorophenyl‐5,15‐bis(phenyl) corrole phosphorus (2P), 10‐phenyl‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl) corrole phosphorus (3P), 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl) corrole phosphorus (4P) complexes bearing hydroxyl axial ligands and different numbers of fluorine atoms on the meso‐aryl substituents. The results revealed that the catalytic HER activity of phosphorus corroles decreased with the increasing of fluorine atom numbers, it follows in the order 1P>2P>3P>4P. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the corrole 1P has the lowest free energy barrier in catalytic HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a high-throughput kinase activity mapping platform, Ruiz-Saenz A et al identified that Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC) kinases are systematically activated in BRAF(V600E) CRC following targeted inhibition of BRAF and EGFR. Drug-drug synthetic lethality to combat cancer: From bench to bedside However, melanoma cells express little EGFR; therefore, BRAF inhibitors did not stimulate EGFR activation. [Extracted from the article]

Based on the biolabel research pattern, omics and network pharmacology were used for exploring the neuroprotection of Sophora tonkinensis (ST) in the treatment of brain diseases. Multi‐omics were applied to investigate biolabels for ST intervention in brain tissue. Based on biolabels, the therapeutic potential, mechanism and material basis of ST for treating brain diseases were topologically analyzed by network pharmacology. A Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model was used to validate biolabel analysis results. Four proteins and three metabolites were involved in two key pathways (alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis) and considered as biolabels. Network pharmacology showed that ST has the potential to treat some brain diseases, especially PD. Eight compounds (including caffeic acid, gallic acid and cinnamic acid) may serve as the material basis of ST treating brain diseases via the mediation of three biolabels. In the PD model, ST and its active compounds (caffeic acid and gallic acid) may protect dopaminergic neurons (maximum recovery rate for dopamine, 49.5%) from oxidative stress (E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase parkin, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, etc.) and neuroexcitatory toxicity (glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine, glutamic acid, etc.). These findings indicated that omics and network pharmacology may contribute to the achievement of the objectives of this study based on the biolabel research pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methotrexate (MTX) by oral taking has been employed as the first‐line medication for various chronic inflammatory diseases treatment, such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the oral administration of MTX has very limited clinical benefits and will be discontinued due to the suboptimal response and severe adverse effects on intestinal mucosa. Herein, a multistage albumin nanomedicine depot (denoted as MAND) is formulated by encapsulating MTX‐loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (MTX@HSA NPs) into calcium alginate chitosan microcapsules using a gas‐shearing technology. The MANDs can provide protection to MTX@HSA NPs with well‐persisted biologic activity against gastric acid erosion and realize specific boost release of MTX@HSA NPs in the intestinal tract in response to the mild basic circumstance. The MTX@HSA NPs absorbed by intestine can selectively accumulate in inflammation lesion by exploiting the inflammation targeting ability of HSA. In the animal experiments, the MANDs show improved therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of both RA and colitis with minimized intestinal side effects in respect to the free MTX by oral administration. Therefore, this conceived oral MANDs can promote a more clinic popularity and enhanced benefits of MTX for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become one important therapeutic strategy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It remains imperative to identify reliable and convenient biomarkers to predict both the efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy, and tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) are recognized as one of the promising candidates for this. Patients and Methods: This study enrolled 97 advanced NSCLC patients with ICIbased immunotherapy treatment, who were divided into a training cohort (n = 48) and a validation cohort (n = 49), and measured for the serum level of 35 TAAbs. According to the statistical association between the serum positivity and clinical outcome of each TAAb in the training cohort, a TAAb panel was developed to predict the progression-free survival (PFS), and further examined in the validation cohort and in different subgroups. Similarly, another TAAb panel was derived to predict the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Results: In the training cohort, a 7-TAAb panel composed of p53, CAGE, MAGEA4, GAGE7, UTP14A, IMP2, and PSMC1 TAAbs was derived to predict PFS (median PFS [mPFS] 9.9 vs. 4.3 months, p = 0.043). The statistical association between the panel positivity and longer PFS was confirmed in the validation cohort (mPFS 11.1 vs. 4.8 months, p = 0.015) and in different subgroups of patients. Moreover, another 4-TAAb panel of BRCA2, MAGEA4, ZNF768, and PARP TAAbs was developed to predict the occurrence of irAEs, showing higher risk in panel-positive patients (71.43% vs. 28.91%, p = 0.0046). Conclusions: Collectively, our study developed and validated two TAAb panels as valuable prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface chemistry of garnet electrolyte is sensitive to air exposure. The poor LLZO/Li interface caused by Li2CO3/LiOH contaminants on garnet electrolyte surface easily induces large interfacial resistance resulting in the growth of Li dendrites. Herein, a versatile modification strategy is designed to convert the contaminants on Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) surface into a LiF and Li2PO3F‐rich lithiophilic interface by targeted chemical reactions at the interface between LiPO2F2 and Li2CO3/LiOH. The newly formed LiF‐Li2PO3F interfacial layer not only facilitates the interface wettability between Li and LLZTO, but also helps to resist corrosion of the LLZTO surface by moisture in the air. The Li|LiF&Li2PO3F‐LLZTO|Li symmetric cell exhibits a low interfacial resistance of 5.1 Ω cm2 and ultrastable galvanostatic cycling, over 1500 h at 0.6 mA cm−2 and over 70 h at 1.0 mA cm−2. In addition, LiCoO2|LiF&Li2PO3F‐LLZTO|Li hybrid solid‐state full cells display high initial specific capacity of 192 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention over 76% even after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C at a high cut‐off voltage of 4.5 V. This study provides a simple and practical strategy for the feasibility of the application of high‐voltage cathodes in this modified garnet all‐solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of gallium(III) amide corroles including meso‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐Pyridinamide‐phenyl)corrole gallium (III) (1‐Ga), meso‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐Furamide‐phenyl)corrole gallium(III) (2‐Ga) and meso‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10‐(4‐Thiophenamide‐phenyl)corrole gallium(III) (3‐Ga) were synthesized. The interaction of these complexes with DNA and their photodynamic antitumor activities have been studied. UV spectra titration showed that these gallium(III) corroles interact with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) through an external binding mode. All three gallium(III) corroles can effectively generate singlet oxygen under illumination and have good photostability. Among the three gallium(III) corroles, 2‐Ga exhibited excellent photodynamic antitumor activity against the tested tumor cell lines under light irradiation (625±2 nm, 0.3 mW/cm2, 1.08 J/cm2). The best phototoxicity was observed by 2‐Ga against HepG2 cells (IC50=6.3±0.9), which is even better than temoporfin (IC50=8.4±1.8). It could block HepG2 cells in the sub‐G0 phase and effectively induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells under 625 nm light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT/Na–S) batteries are regarded as promising large‐scale stationary energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and low cost as well as the earth‐abundant reserves of sodium and sulfur. However, the diffusion of polysulfides and sluggish kinetics of conversion reactions are still major challenges for their application. Herein, we developed a powerful and functional separator to inhibit the shuttle effect by coating a lightweight three‐dimensional cellulose nanofiber‐derived carbon aerogel on a glass fiber separator (denoted NSCA@GF). The hierarchical porous structures, favorable electronic conductivity, and three‐dimensional interconnected network of N,S‐codoped carbon aerogel endow a multifunctional separator with strong polysulfide anchoring capability and fast reaction kinetics of polysulfide conversion, which can act as the barrier layer and an expanded current collector to increase sulfur utilization. Moreover, the hetero‐doped N/S sites are believed to strengthen polysulfide anchoring capability via chemisorption and accelerate the redox kinetics of polysulfide conversion, which is confirmed from experimental and theoretical results. As a result, the assembled Na–S coin cells with the NSCA@GF separator showed a high reversible capacity (788.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles) and superior cycling stability (only 0.059% capacity decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C), thereby demonstrating the significant potential for application in high‐performance RT/Na–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four A2B cobalt corrole complexes 1–4 appending two methoxy or hydroxyl groups on the 10‐meso phenyl group had been synthesized. Four cobalt corroles showed high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the organic phase and in the aqueous phase. The hydrogen evolution pathway was EECEC when using acetic acid as proton source. When trifluoroacetic acid was used as proton source, the hydrogen evolution route via EECEC or EECC depending on the concentration of trifluoroacetic acid. Cobalt corrole 4 showed the best HER performance with the kobs of 122.68 s−1 in organic phase and the TOF of 832.2 h−1 in aqueous phase respectively. The results suggested the phenyl hydroxyl group at the cobalt corrole peripheral may act as the proton relay group in HER and the o‐hydroxyl of phenyl was better than m‐ hydroxyl for proton relay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisinin and its derivatives (artemisinins) are first‐line chemotherapeutic agents of lethal malaria, which also showed tremendous value in many other diseases including chronic inflammation. Unfortunately, almost all artemisinins are rapid‐acting medicines with an extremely short half‐life in vivo, which significantly limits their clinical application for these new adaptation diseases. In this study, a locally injectable long‐acting gene/artemisinin co‐delivery nano‐microplex consisting of a biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA) microsphere and releasable gene/artemisinin co‐delivery nano‐lipoplex is developed first, to obtain an improved efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Briefly, a cationic multicomponent drug‐embedded liposome with pharmacological activity is first reported based on two novel artemisinin derivatives (dAPC and dACC), which possess mimic phospholipids and cationic lipids, respectively. A cationic artemisinin‐embedded lipoplex is first reported as a medicative gene carrier here. An in situ injectable TNF‐α siRNA/artemisinin co‐delivery nano‐microplex (MTAsi@MG) is further prepared by immobilization of TNF‐α siRNA/lipoplex on porous microfluidic HA microspheres. Using this nano‐microplex for intra‐articular injection, the sustaining activity of gene therapy and artemisinin efficacy for RA long‐term treatment is first realized. Undoubtedly, this intra‐articular injectable TNF‐α siRNA/artemisinin co‐delivery nano‐microplex based on dAPC/dACC lipoplex and microfluidic microspheres would be one of the most potent gene/drug co‐delivery systems for RA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We reported herein an iridium/silver/acid ternary catalytic system to access bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroketals in high efficiency with generally high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, >99 % ee). In this procedure, readily available o‐alkynylacetophenones undergo cycloisomerization to generate isochromenes in situ that participate in stereoselective allylation/spiroketalization sequence with 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)phenols. Meanwhile, 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines were also compatible in this cascade reaction, furnishing structurally novel bisbenzannulated [6,6]‐spiroaminals with good diastereoselectivities (8 : 1–12 : 1 dr) and excellent enantioselectivities (98 %–>99 % ee). Moreover, experimental studies and theoretical calculations were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism and stereochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Till now, only very limited test results have been reported for mode II fracture toughness (KIIc) of asphalt mixtures. In the absence of any standard testing method for determining KIIc value for these materials, in this research, an experimental program is done to measure and investigate this parameter at low‐temperature using four different test specimens and configurations. The specimens have circular and semi‐circular shapes but with different crack types and loading setup namely: center cracked circular disc (CCCD), inclined cracked semi‐circular bend (ISCB), asymmetric semi‐circular bend (ASCB), and asymmetric edge notch disc bend (AENDB). The test results showed that KIIc depends significantly on the geometry and configuration of test sample such that its value determined from the AENDB sample is about twice the KIIc value of ISCB specimen. Among the investigated samples, the AENDB results can simulate more realistically the actual and field conditions of real cracked overlays subjected to traffic loading. KIIc results are also predicted successfully using two fracture criteria capable of considering the influence of geometry on mode II cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some drug molecules with strong chemical activity are unstable in the biological environment and difficult to reach the target, so no matter how good the drug is, it cannot completely prove its efficacy. And drugs need good vectors to help them deliver to their target, where they work best. In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been developed for drug delivery applications due to their regular pore structure, good biocompatibility, topological controllability, and modifiability. In the process of drug delivery, COFs have many advantages such as high drug adsorption capacity, good stability in the biological environment, strong targeting of lesions, and weak cytotoxicity. At present, a lot of work using COFs as drug molecular carriers has been reported, and this minireview summarizes the mechanism of COFs drug delivery and related applications in recent years (drug adsorption and release), by which we expect to achieve more ideas for the future design of drug delivery related COFs and push forward the development of COFs in drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic enantioselective hydroxylation of prochiral dihydrosilanes with water is expected to be a highly efficient way to access Si‐chiral silanols, yet has remained unknown up to date. Herein, we describe a strategy for realizing this reaction: using an alkyl bromide as a single‐electron transfer (SET) oxidant for invoking CuII species and chiral multidentate anionic N,N,P‐ligands for effective enantiocontrol. The reaction readily provides a broad range of Si‐chiral silanols with high enantioselectivity and excellent functional group compatibility. In addition, we manifest the synthetic potential by establishing two synthetic schemes for transforming the obtained products into Si‐chiral compounds with high structural diversity. Our preliminary mechanistic studies support a mechanism involving SET for recruiting chiral CuII species as the active catalyst and its subsequent σ‐metathesis with dihydrosilanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In traditional Chinese medicine, Herba Lysimachiae (HL) is mainly used to treat rheumatic arthralgia. Current pharmacological studies also showed that HL has therapeutic potential for synovial diseases. HL is an oral drug, whose compounds need to enter the blood circulation before reaching the injured tissue, thus potentially causing activity or toxicity to the blood system. In this study, the biolabel‐led research pattern was used to analyze the serum profile after HL intervention, based on which the safety and efficacy of HL were explored. Metabonomics and proteomics were combined to analyze the biolabels responsible for the interventions of HL in serum. Bioinformatics databases were used to screen for the material basis that may interfere with biolabels. Omics analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins (19) and metabolites (5) were identified and considered as the potential biolabels, which were involved in 8 biochemical processes (platelet activation and aggregation, blood glucose release, immune and inflammatory regulation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tumor progression, blood pressure regulation, and uric acid synthesis). Thirty‐one compounds may be the material basis to interfere with 11 biolabels. The present research reveals that the potential activities and toxicities of HL can be explored based on the biolabel‐led research pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enantioselective cascade reaction between racemic 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)phenols and alkynols/alkynamides was realized by using a gold and iridium sequential catalytic system. In this procedure, the in situ generated exocyclic vinyl ethers or enamides undergo the asymmetric allylation/spiroketalization with π‐ally‐Ir amphiphilic species, which provides an efficient and straightforward access to spiroketals and spiroaminals with excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, racemic 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines were also suitable in this reaction along with a kinetic resolution process, affording enantioenriched spiroaminals and 2‐(1‐hydroxyallyl)anilines in good yields. The synthetic utility of this method has been demonstrated by efficient enantioselective synthesis of the analogue of Paecilospirone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol F (BPF), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), is progressively used to manufacture various consumer products. Despite the established reproductive toxicity of BPF, the underlying mechanisms remain to elucidate. This in‐vitro study deep in sighted the BPF toxicity on mouse oocyte meiotic maturation and quality. After treating oocytes with BPF (300 μM), the oocyte meiotic progression was blocked, accentuated by a reduced rate in the first polar body extrusion (PBE). Next, we illustrated that BPF induced α‐tubulin hyper‐acetylation disrupted the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. Concurrently, BPF resulted in severe oxidative stress and DNA damage, which triggered the early apoptosis in mouse oocytes. Further, altered epigenetic modifications following BPF exposure were proved by increased H3K27me3 levels. Concerning the toxic effects on spindle structure, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in mouse oocytes, BPF toxicity was less severe to oocyte maturation and spindle structure than BPA and induced low oxidative stress. However, compared with BPA, oocytes treated with BPF were more prone to DNA damage, indicating not less intense or even more severe toxic effects of BPF than BPA on some aspects of oocytes maturation. In brief, the present study established that like wise to BPA, BPF could inhibit meiotic maturation and reduce oocyte quality, suggesting it is not a safe substitute for BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unprecedented asymmetric γ‐allylic alkylation of free dienolates via Sc/Ir dual catalysis is reported, which affords a range of synthetically versatile γ‐allylic crotonaldehydes in high efficiency with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselectivities. The dienolates bearing no essential auxiliary groups were generated in situ by scandium triflate‐mediated Meinwald rearrangement of vinyloxiranes atom‐economically. With the assistance of computational density functional theory calculations, a Sc/Ir bimetallic catalytic cycle was proposed to illustrate the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rice black‐streaked dwarf virus disease (RBSDVD) and southern rice black‐streaked dwarf virus disease (SRBSDVD) are the most destructive viral diseases in rice. Progress is limited in breeding due to lack of resistance resource and inadequate knowledge on the underlying functional gene.Using genome‐wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay analyses, RNA‐sequencing, and genome editing, we identified a highly RBSDVD‐resistant variety and its first functional gene.A highly RBSDVD‐resistant variety W44 was identified through extensive evaluation of a diverse international rice panel. Seventeen quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified among which qRBSDV6‐1 had the largest phenotypic effect. It was finely mapped to a 0.8–1.2 Mb region on chromosome 6, with 62 annotated genes. Analysis of the candidate genes underlying qRBSDV6‐1 showed high expression of aspartic proteinase 47 (OsAP47) in a susceptible variety, W122, and a low resistance variety, W44. OsAP47 overexpressing lines exhibited significantly reduced resistance, while the knockout mutants exhibited significantly reduced SRBSDVD and RBSDVD severity. Furthermore, the resistant allele Hap1 of OsAP47 is almost exclusive to Indica, but rare in Japonica.Results suggest that OsAP47 knockout by editing is effective for improving RBSDVD and SRBSDVD resistance. This study provides genetic information for breeding resistant cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Accumulating evidence has indicated that interleukin (IL)‐27 and its gene polymorphisms exert pivotal impact on several autoimmune disorders. This research intended to investigate the relationship between IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism with risk and prognosis for aplastic anemia. Methods: IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism was detected with polymerase chain reaction–ligase detection reaction in 238 patients with aplastic anemia and 215 normal individuals. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were applied to measure the plasma level of IL‐27. Results: Frequencies of rs153109 AA and GG genotype were statistically higher in aplastic anemia patients compared to controls. Similar results were observed when further divided patients into nonsevere and severe ones. That means carriers of AA and GG genotype are accompanied by an increased risk of developing aplastic anemia. Plasma IL‐27 levels of aplastic anemia patients were remarkably elevated than normal group and had positive relation with disease severity. Furthermore, patients with AA genotype had obviously higher IL‐27 levels than ones with AG and GG genotype. Moreover, patients carrying AA genotype exhibited a poorer reaction to immunosuppressive therapy and were more prone to clonal evolution. Conclusion: IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism confers genetic predisposition to aplastic anemia and influences disease prognosis, potentially by regulating IL‐27 expression, which help broaden potential pathogenesis of aplastic anemia. Specifically, for patients with AA genotype, more aggressive therapeutic strategies such as hematopoietic stem cells transplantation are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Ni‐MOF in supercapacitors has received widespread attention, but its poor conductivity and bad stability hinder its application. Therefore, Ni‐MOF derived CMs@Ni(OH)2/NiSe with a core‐shell structure was designed. Here, carbon microspheres (CMs) were explored as the conductive substrate to enhance the stability and in situ prepared Ni‐MOF was anchored on the surface of CMs. Then, alkali‐treatment and selenylation were carried out on CMs@Ni−MOF to improve stability and conductivity. The obtained core‐shell nanostructure material possesses a high contact area, excellent synergistic effect and can provide more reactive active sites. The prepared CMs@Ni(OH)2/NiSe shows a higher specific capacitance (2106 F g−1) and excellent cycling performance with a capacitance retention of 95 % after 30000 cycles. Furthermore, the assembled CMs@Ni(OH)2/NiSe//AC device delivers a high energy density of 70.84 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 756.8 W kg−1 and maintains 100 % of the initial capacitance after 40000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main observation and conclusion: The first asymmetric decarboxylative [3+2]‐cycloaddition of ethynyl indoloxazolidones with carboxylic acids has been developed under synergistic catalysis of copper and chiral Lewis base. This protocol provides a direct and modular approach to biologically important pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles bearing two vicinal stereogenic centers with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr and >99% ee). In addition, the utility of this methodology was demonstrated by scaled‐up reaction and several synthetic transformations of the cycloadduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main observation and conclusion: The [8+4] cycloaddition of indene‐2‐carbaldehydes with indole‐2,3‐quinodimethanes and pyrrolidone‐3,4‐dienes is described, affording indole and pyrrolidone annulated bicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes in a highly peri‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective fashion in the presence of a secondary amine catalyst. This reaction, which proceeds through catalytically generated isobenzofulvenes, represents the first asymmetric version of high‐order [8+4] cycloaddition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of wearable and intelligent flexible electronic devices (FEDs), the demand for flexible energy storage/conversion devices (ESCDs) has also increased. Rechargeable flexible metal‐air batteries (MABs) are expected to be one of the most ideal ESCDs due to their high theoretical energy density, cost advantage, and strong deformation adaptability. With the improvement of the device design, material assemblies, and manufacturing technology, the research on the electrochemical performance of flexible MABs has made significant progress. However, achieving the high mechanical flexibility, high safety, and wearable comfortability required by FEDs while maintaining the high performance of flexible MABs are still a daunting challenge. In this review, flexible Zn‐air and Li‐air batteries are mainly exemplified to describe the most recent progress and challenges of flexible MABs. We start with an overview of the structure and configuration of the flexible MABs and discuss their impact on battery performance and function. Then it focuses on the research progress of flexible metal anodes, gel polymer electrolytes, and air cathodes. Finally, the main challenges and future research perspectives involving flexible MABs for FEDs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MnCo2O4 is derived from a Co/Mn bimetallic metal‐organic framework (MOF). Then Ni‐MOF is directly grown on the surface of the obtained MnCo2O4 to form a nano‐flower structure with small balls. A large surface area, abundant active sites of MnCo2O4 and porosity of Ni‐MOF allow the prepared MnCo2O4/Ni‐MOF composite material to deliver an excellent electrochemical performance. At the same time, an appropriate thermal treatment temperature of the MnCo2O4 precursor is also very important for controlling the morphology of the obtained MnCo2O4 and electrochemical performances of the resulted composite material including electric conductivity, specific capacitance and rate performance. The prepared MnCo2O4‐600/Ni‐MOF shows an ultrahigh rate performance (when the current density increases from 1 to 10 A g−1, the capacitance retention rate is as high as 93.41 %) and good cycle stability (the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor advice delivers a capacitance retention rate of 94.74 % after 20 000 charge and discharge cycles) as well as a relatively high specific capacitance. These excellent electrochemical properties indicate that MnCo2O4/Ni‐MOF has a good application prospect in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider event‐triggered control for linear singularly perturbed systems. A composite event‐triggered controller is proposed based on the decoupled slow and fast subsystems which are triggered simultaneously. Two internal dynamic variables are introduced in the event‐triggered mechanism. The results indicate that the systems can achieve asymptotic stability with the proposed event‐triggered control. In addition, the triggering time intervals have a finite lower bound independent of the initial states, thus Zeno phenomenon is excluded. The efficiency of the approach is illustrated through simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus corrole has been explored as a promising photosensiter for photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment in decade. A new trans‐bishydroxyl axial ligated phosphorus(V) 5, 15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl)‐10(p‐hydroxylphenyl) corrole (1‐P) was synthesized and well characterized by X‐ray structure determination. Complex 1‐P could bind ct‐DNA via an outside binding mode and displayed good photonuclease activity. After illumination, it might significantly generate singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical. 1‐P exhibited low dark toxicity but high photocytotoxicity against HepG2, CNE‐2, A549 and MDA‐MB‐231 tumor cell lines. Preliminary results show 1‐P is a promising candidate of PDT photosensitizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme summer precipitation often associated with flash floods has devastating impact on the local economies and livelihood of millions of people over East China. Tracking down the drivers of those extreme events will help to understand their formation mechanisms and to improve forecasts. Here the synoptic patterns associated with summer extreme precipitation events over East China during 1961-2018 have been identified systematically and quantitatively using a circulation clustering method. The results show that regional events over East China are dominated by the Eastern Asian summer monsoon associated Meiyu front, landfalling tropical cyclones and low-pressure vortices. Most sub-regions have seen increasing trends of extreme rainfall events during the past 6 decades with comparable contributions from the two main drivers. There was a decreasing trend over the North China Plain driven by the lowlevel southeasterly winds. Plain Language Summary Closely linked to flash floods, extreme precipitation is one of the high impacts but low probability weather phenomena that challenge modern numerical predictions. However, models are generally more skillful in predicting synoptic weather systems than precipitation itself. Taking East China as an example, this paper demonstrates the links between extreme precipitation events and synoptic weather systems using circulation clustering. Two major weather systems, the Eastern Asian Summer Monsoon and landfalling tropical cyclones are responsible for most extreme precipitation events (about 70%) over East China during the summer season. If models can accurately predict the strength and position of these weather systems, there may be enhanced potential of predicting regional precipitation extremes. Such implications are not regionally limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon has been regarded as an attractive high‐capacity anode material for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, Si anodes suffer from huge volume variation during cycling, which poses a critical challenge for stable battery operation. Compared with Si, Si suboxide (SiOx) is one of the most promising candidates for high‐energy‐density LIBs because of its alleviated swelling and highly stable cycling performance. Whereas, the poor electronic conductivity and low (initial) Coulombic efficiency of SiOx anodes severely hinder practical applications for LIBs. Herein, for the first time, these issues are successfully solved through rationally designing hollow‐structured SiOx@carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/C architectures with graphitic carbon coatings and in situ growth of CNTs. When applied as anodes in LIBs, the SiOx@CNTs/C anodes exhibit high reversible capacity, high initial Coulombic efficiency (88%), outstanding cycling performance, and extraordinary mechanical strength during the calendaring process (200 MPa). This work paves the way for developing SiOx‐based anode materials for high‐energy‐density LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosive growth of data in the network has brought huge burdens and challenges to traditional centralized cloud computing data processing. To solve this problem, edge computing technology came into being. Because the edge is closer to the user, processing part of the data at the edge can also bring a faster response to the user and improve their experience. However, the existing edge computing platforms have problems such as data storage security and multiparty data mutual trust. Blockchain technology has become an important means to solve the above data storage and sharing problems due to its excellent characteristics. The core of blockchain technology is consensus, and its speed and security will directly affect the efficiency and stability of the blockchain system. Therefore, this study uses the consensus mechanism as an entry point to reduce the resource consumption of the edge computing blockchain system and improve its security. In order to reduce the resource consumption of traditional consensus algorithms, improve their adaptability in the edge computing environment, and solve the security problem caused by the concentration of node rights, a prestige‐based edge computing blockchain security consensus model (ECBCM) is proposed. ECBCM is a general model based on prestige rewards and penalties. It also introduces a node replacement mechanism to ensure the fault tolerance of the consensus process. According to the results of multiple sets of performance comparison experiments and security verification experiments after embedding the existing consensus algorithm, the validity of the consensus model is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary of main observation and conclusion: A palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloaddition of trimethylenemethanes and indoline‐derived aza‐dienes has been developed. The potential [3 + 2] side pathway was completely suppressed in the process. This protocol provides an efficient access to azepino[2,3‐b]indoles bearing two vicinal stereocenters in generally excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to > 20 : 1 dr, 99% ee). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rhodium(I)‐catalyzed enantioselective silylation of aliphatic C−H bonds for the synthesis of silicon‐stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles is demonstrated. This reaction involves a highly enantioselective intramolecular C(sp3)−H silylation of dihydrosilanes, followed by a stereospecific intermolecular alkene hydrosilylation leading to the asymmetrically tetrasubstituted silanes. A wide range of dihydrosilanes and alkenes displaying various functional groups are compatible with this process, giving access to a variety of highly functionalized silicon‐stereogenic dihydrobenzosiloles in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary of main observation and conclusion: A palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric [4 + 3] cycloaddition of trimethylenemethanes and indoline‐derived aza‐dienes has been developed. The potential [3 + 2] side pathway was completely suppressed in the process. This protocol provides an efficient access to azepino[2,3‐b]indoles bearing two vicinal stereocenters in generally excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to > 20 : 1 dr, 99% ee). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The article proposes several fault‐tolerant control (FTC) laws for singularly perturbed systems (SPS) with actuator faults and disturbances. One of the main challenges in this context is that the fast‐slow decomposition is not available for actuator faults and disturbances. In view of this, some conditions for the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop dynamics are investigated by amending the composite Lyapunov approach. On top of this, a closed‐form expression of the upper bound of singular perturbation parameter (SPP) is provided. Moreover, we design several SPP‐independent composite FTC laws, which can be applied when this parameter is unknown. Finally, the chattering phenomenon is eliminated by using the continuous approximation technique. We also emphasize that, for linear SPSs, the FTC design can be formulated as a set of linear matrix inequalities, while the SPP upper bound can be obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article studies the exponential stability of continuous‐time switched positive systems consisting of unstable subsystems. Different from the existing results, both stabilizing and destabilizing switching behaviors act in the switching sequences. By employing multiple composite copositive Lyapunov functions, sufficient condition is derived to ensure the exponential stability of the system, which evaluates the ratio of stabilizing switching behaviors to compensate the state divergence caused by either unstable subsystems or destabilizing switching behaviors. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]