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Human factors are considered to be predominant factor in most of the industries were manual work is practiced, which leads to discomfort of the workers. To determine the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and level of job satisfaction among fabric cutting workers in garment industries of Tirupur district, Tamilnadu, India, where the task of the worker (stitching, cloth cutting, fine finishing, inspection, steaming, dispatching) is found to be continuous process which leads to discomfort of the worker. In these garment industries workers are forced to achieve an impossible target of more than 100 pieces with an hour which is comparatively higher than the normal quantity of pieces produced per hour. To overcome this, a (interview based) survey has been conducted with a questionnaire. 300 male workers from different garments participated in this survey, where they are doing the manual cutting task repetitively using scissors. In this survey it was found that 270 out of 300 people (90%) affected by wrist pain, (93.3%) of workers heavily affected by finger pain due to continuous cutting work in scissor and (30-40%) of workers affected by back pain, neck pain, upper arm pain. To improve to the comfort level of the workers the risk control measures such as muscle fatigue recovery exercises like tendon gliding and finger pumping are provided and addition to these postural corrections were done during the work time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercially existing GDI engines were normally with spray guided mode where the fuel injector placed almost vertically and sprayed fuel is occupied throughout the volume of combustion chamber. In order to achieve the advanced emission norms, further modifications are required with the existing one. With the advanced emission norms, NOx and PM emissions control is the major task along with lower fuel consumption. In this study, gasoline blends with Ethanol, Methanol, N-Butanol and DMF were used at 20, 35 and 50% proportions under specific fixed conditions: 1500 rpm speed, 10% EGR and FIP of 150 bars with three split injections at 320°, 220° and 100° before TDC. Tests were conducted over these gasoline blend proportions for engine performance and emission characteristics and achieved beneficial results with E20 gasoline blend over the entire applied torque values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the demand for alternative fuel is growing the research on different edible and non-edible biodiesel is also increasing. Here in this research coriander seed biodiesel is evaluated as alternative fuel. Investigation is done on the characteristics of emission gases of coriander seed biodiesel blended with diesel in the ratio of 20:80(B20). The research is done in single cylinder variable compression ratio engine with various loads. The main focus lies on analyzing the impact of compression ratio on emission gases. For this compression ratio is taken as 17.5, 16.5 and 15.5. Coriander seed biodiesel is produced by transesterfication method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this study, the emission characteristic of yellow oleander seed biodiesel isanalyzed using single hole nozzle at various loads. This analysis is done using Variable Compression Ratio engine with constantspeed and single cylinder. Yellow oleander seed biodiesel is prepared from its bio-oil using transesterification method. The comparison is done among four blends of yellow oleander biodiesel with diesel B20, B40, B60 and B0 (which is diesel with no blend). The performance of the engine is studied and the characteristics of the emission gases are also analyzed. Carbon dioxide(CO2), Oxygen(O2), Nitric Oxide(NOx) emission is more for the biodiesel blend whereas Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydro Carbon (HC) emission are more for Diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibres have a lower density and cost than synthetic fibres, making current bio goods light and inexpensive. Due to environmental rules that prohibit the use of toxic ingredients and their carbon footprint, well-exploited synthetic fibres are not as popular as they once were. This study looks at how natural fibres and particles can be used to improve the qualities of currently available polymer matrix materials. Natural fibres such as flax fibre and particles from almond shell were used as reinforcements in this study. The epoxy resin was used to strengthen the fibres and particles, and the laminates were created using a hand layup approach. Chemical treatments with alkaline and acetylene were used to make the fibre and particle surfaces compatible for the hydrophobic resin. The volume % of fibres, particles, and chemical treatments can all be used to classify fabricated laminates. Various test methodologies are required to anticipate the behaviour of bio based products for engineering applications. The ultimate tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite were determined using mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural tests. When compared to other fabricated laminates, the composite of 15% volume with alkaline treated laminate has stronger tensile and flexural strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conception of property, which has been a lot of sought-after in recent years, is connected to the substitution of exhaustible sources of energy for renewable sources. Radish (Raphanus sativus L) seed oil has a place with the gathering of oilseeds of the Brassicaceae family, being generally developed in the south and focal west locales of Brazil, with physical and compound qualities favorable to the creation of biofuels. The variations on conducting parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust emissions like Nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) are tested and analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robots are developed for many purposes and in this one of the types is exoskeleton robots. It is one of the important to do the job for recuperation body to do its fuller functions by guiding the human motions and using biomimetic design to restore a limb that misplaced. The device transmits torques through driven revolute joints and structural limbs and can be worn close to the frame. From basic hand biomechanics through actuator era with pneumatic power, a detailed layout and making of hand model exoskeleton for recovery movements of human also assistive to the existing works. The design in shape analyses the futuristic to hand exoskeleton for the practice in rehabilitation and assisting exoskeleton robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical micromachining is a chemical based machining it comes under the unconventional type, the method is used to difficult-to-machine materials including super alloys, Ti-alloys, and stainless steel. This experiment demonstrates aspects of the creation of a complete mathematical model for connecting the interaction and higher-order effects of various machining factors on the prevailing machining parameters. i.e MRR, Ra, and overcut phenomena were studied utilising the Taguchi technique and relevant experimental data. The objectives of this paper was to determine the material removal rate, surface roughness, and overcut of an anodicallypolarised cupronickel work piece electrochemically dissolving with a brass electrode. Experiments were carried out to see how different machining factors, such as feed rate, voltage, and electrolyte concentration, affected the results. The level of significance of machining parameters is determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Concentration is shown to be the most important element in the reaction of material removal rate, whereas voltage is the most important component in the response of surface roughness. The voltage is the most important factor affecting the overcut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on thiosemicarbazones are of important class of ligands which possesses various optical, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer activities, etc. Incorporation of these bioactive ligands into the active metals, resulting in the synthesis of new bioactive compounds. With this information in mind, we herein prepared the new phenyl end substituted thiosemicarbazone ligand in ethanol solvent by adding ethoxy salicylaldehyde solution into phenyl thiosemicarbazone solution. The ruthenium(II) complexes was prepared with the newly synthesized ligand. The new ligand along with the ruthenium complexes were characterized and the resulting investigation reveals the octahedral geometry of the complexes. These hetero atom containing complexes may act as bioactive compound to inhibit the activity of bacteria and viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a modern democracy, the election is a very distinctive occurrence, but some parts of the society don't trust their election system to be fair which is one of the major concerns for the countries democracy. Also, the most democratic nations, such as Japan, the United States of America, and India, have flawed electoral processes. Electronic voting machine hacking and vote rigging, electoral fraud, and capturing the polling booth are some of the major issues in current election system. In this paper, we are trying to give a best possible solution for this issue and an E-voting system. Also, this paper aims to implement applications of blockchain as a service. The paper's section will highlight some of the most common blockchain systems that provide blockchain as a service that is focused on blockchain and reduces the risk of the issues listed above while also protecting voter identification while remaining open to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed system integrates comfort and security that can be provided to the users. This system is not only automatic but it uses a smartphone to communicate with the suitcase via Wi-Fi. The directions, along with the speed at which the suitcase moved can be controlled using the mobile app. The system uses an image/object detection algorithm to make sure it's completely aware of the environment. The proposed system uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) image recognition techniques with image processing capability from a computer vision library called OpenCV to detect the back view of the user and closely follow them. It captures the rear view of the person to verify it's in a safe position. Since we use advanced object tracking technology, this will work well even in a crowded place. The key feature of this system is its IRIS recognition module thereby providing extreme safety to the contentsinside of the suitcase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several types of IP spoofing attacks such as the Man in the Middle Attacks and IP address spoofing are used to attack the flow of the network, and interrupt the communications over the networks, especially in the client-server systems. As opposed to most of the systems which are overly dependent on the cooperation of different Internet Service Providers with each other and with the system, not fast and robust, the proposed system provides security with an Encryption key. The proposed system also introduces K- means clustering for better file management, Support Vector Machine for the classification of details and a reactive approach. It finds the details and the location using Google map's representational state transfer application programming interfaces based on the IP addresses so that the said attack can be stopped even before it dominates the system and gets access to the files. A passive approach also follows if the ISPs can block the hacker's path or node in the hackers' list and appropriate authorities take appropriate action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missing requirements or incomplete requirements about the project is making delay in projects and that affect customer satisfaction. This problem is caused due to customer or requirement engineer. If it is due to customer then customer may not give it during requirement elicitation. If it is due to requirement engineer then requirement engineer may not collect it during elicitation. Or it is caused the inefficiency of both the parties. To avoid the missing requirements problem, this paper is expressing an intelligent approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in between nodes are known as intermediate nodes, that act as nodes which involved in data forwarding process. Network designed based on the node inter connected with each other, the node get connected from one node to another via full duplex mode form the connected network. Detection of false data plays a major role in network security while forwarding the data through number of nodes. The data forwarding through the intermediates node included in problems like data loss, data mismatch, data corruption, data deletion etc. To overcome these kinds of problem number of techniques generated in term of detecting it, but overcoming or preventing plays a different part from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blue-green approaches of silver nanoparticles blend by cyanobacteria strains, generally known as blue green growth that known a shoddy eco-accommodating apparatus for nanometer arrangement.The extracellular amalgamation of AgNPs was at first recognized by visual examination for shading changing of refined. Carafes arrangements frame straightforward to dark colored at that point dark and also nanoparticles was portrayal by UV-Vis and FT-IR. While Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) affirmed the nearness of a protein shell which is in charge of the nanoparticles biosynthesis. Checking Electron Microscopy (SEM) thinks about demonstrated that arrangement of agglomerated silver nanoparticles because of the topping operator in the scope of 100-200nm.The FT-IR range information affirmed the nearness of particular useful gatherings, for example, proteins that have the fundamental part as topping and balancing out specialist in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The nanoparticles indicated phenomenal antimicrobial action against different bacterial and parasitic. In addition Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus conicus, Aspergillus terrus, Penicillium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper oxide nanomaterials are of fervour by virtue of their potential uses in numerous innovative fields. In the present work, cupric oxide nanoparticles were set up by receiving synthetic just as green strategies. The incorporated particles are portrayed by XRD, HRTEM, EDAX, UV-obvious spectroscopic examination. Further the incorporated CuO NPs were assessed the in vitro toxicity quality investigations utilizing microbial and green combined CuO NPs have low toxicity contrasted and synthetically incorporated CuO NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the isolated DC-DC converters fly back, forward converter, and hybrid converter topologies are considered for analysis. However, each topology has definite boundaries that are hard to resolve that can be overcome by the hybrid topology. This paper presents a hybrid type of forward, and fly back converter, allocation of the transformer utilization factor a better manner, has exceptionally high voltage gain and high efficiency. Achieving soft switching with control and design is easy. The forward fly back converters are simulated using MATLAB Simulink employing the results are analyzed and compared the efficiencies with theoretical and simulated values. The theoretical analysis of flyback-forward converter using DSPIC30F4011 is verified by comparing the theoretical and simulation results with a prototype of 100W and 2 kHz switching frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of triple-port non isolated dc-dc converter for Energy Harvesting Systems. With this topology, solar energy is harvested, and the energy is stored in the battery. This converter is extended to the multiport dc-dc converter. Here, multiple sources of energy, namely photovoltaic cell and battery are used to supply the load requirements using a single buck-boost converter. Different operational modes of the converter are explained in detail. This converter shown in this paper is used to step up the input power as well as step down depending on the load power demand. The converter uses three ports-one bidirectional port for the battery and two unidirectional ports for the PV Panel and Load. Simulation of the triple port DC-DC converter for all the modes is carried out, and the resultant output waveforms are presented. Experimentally the converter developed, tested out and the results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the incorporation of relift Luo converters for vehicles’ front lighting purpose. As the technology is improved, there is an immediate need to improvise the efficiency and attractiveness of front lighting systems of the next generation automobiles. Therefore, the use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting systems is highly recommended to facelift the luminance and its efficiency rather than conventional ways. In this work, we compared two relift Luo converters to choose a suitable topology for the above-mentioned application. All the modern equipment relies on power conditioning system to improve the efficiency and longevity of the system. Hence, it is required to analyze dc-dc converter topologies and its performance. Simulation of the relift circuits is carried out in Psim and the theoretical results are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on room temperature photoluminescence (PL) studies on copper zinc sulfide (CuZnS) films that are deposited through chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The PL emission is a broad emission in greenish red region of the spectra. PL spectroscopy is employed as a non-destructive tool to identify copper rich and copper deficient areas of the film. The emissions attributing to copper related and zinc related defects are well distinguished in copper rich and zinc rich films. PL also serves as a contactless method to determine the uniformity of the films. Structural and morphological analysis of the film gives further confirmation of the results obtained from PL analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar cell fabriation using thiophene based synthesized copolymer were done with an inverted configuration. Sythesized copolymer, PEFL obtained in powdered form was deposited as thin film after preparing its solution by dissolving in chlorobenzene. Spin coating technique was chosen for casting thin films. Band gap of PEFL thin film was determine by taking optical absorption spectrum and were found to be ∼ 2.16 eV. Photovoltaic devices were fabricated with device structure ITO/ZnO/PEFL:PCBM/Ag. This device exhibited a high open circuit voltage of 1.05 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnS thin films were prepared using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. p-type SnS films with direct band gap of 1.33 eV and having very high absorption coefficient were obtained with the optimized deposition conditions. In this paper we focus on investigating the uniformity and phase purity of the hence deposited SnS films employing Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Raman Spectra of the films had only single peak corresponding to the Raman active Ag mode at 224 cm-1 which is characteristic for phase-pure SnS thin films. Detailed XPS analysis on these samples were performed by scanning the peaks for Sn, S, and O with high resolution to estimate the chemical states and composition. Employing Ar-ion sputtering, the depth profiles showing variation in concentration and binding energies of S, Sn, O over the sample thickness were obtained and the uniformity in composition along the thickness has been discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double layer Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber was employed for the first time to improve the performance of spray pyrolysed Cu2ZnSnS4/In2S3 thin film solar cell. Copper concentration in the two layers of Cu2ZnSnS4 was adjusted and effect on performance parameters was studied. It was observed that higher copper concentration in the absorber layer adjacent to the electrode is beneficial for device performance, whereas, lower copper concentration in absorber layer near to the junction has detrimental effect on the device properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple, cost effective and versatile spray pyrolysis method is effectively combined with vacuum evaporation for the deposition of CuIns2 thin films for photovoltaic applications. In the present study In2s3 was spray deposited over vacuum evaporated Cu thin films and Cu was allowed to diffuse in to the In2S3 layer to form CuInS2. To analyse the dependence of precursor volume on the formation of CuInS2 films structural, electrical and morphological analzes are carried out. Successful deposition of CuInS2thin films with good crystallinity and morphology with considerably low resistivity is reported in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, the effect of incorporation of metallic tin (Sn) on opto-electronic properties of ZnO thin films is presented. ZnO thin films were deposited through 'automated chemical spray pyrolysis' (CSP) technique ; later different quantities of 'Sn' were evaporated on it and subsequently annealed. Vacuum annealing showed a positive effect on crystallinity of films. Creation of sub band gap levels due to 'Sn' diffusion was evident from the absorption and PL spectra. The tin incorporated films showed good photo response in visible region. Tin incorporated ZnO thin films seem to satisfy the desirable criteria for buffer layer in thin film solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper Tin Sulfide (Cu2SnS3), one of the promising absorber layer for thin film solar cell, was successfully deposited on glass substrate maintained at a substrate temperature of 3250 C by chemical spray pyrolysis technique (CSP). Variation in copper concentration in the precursor solution affects the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films. XRD results proved the tetragonal structure (with preferential orientation along (112) orientation) of the samples. All samples were p-type and their band gap and resistivity decreased with increase in Copper concentration. A minimum resistivity of 1.6x10-3.cm was obtained for an optimum copper concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuZnS is an alloy having mixed structure of CuxS and ZnS. Here we studied the structural, optical, compositional and electrical properties of CuZnS films prepared using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP). Just by varying ratio of Cu to Zn was observed that material can be changed from P type to N type and electrical conductivity can be increased by 4 orders. Increase in concentration of Cu leads to decrease bandgap to 1.8 eV from 3.4 eV.CuZnS films having high concentration of copper can be used as good absorber and weakly doped films as buffer / window layers in solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of spray rate on structural, optical and electrical properties of spray pyrolysed Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films was investigated. We deposited films by varying spray rate from 2 ml/min to 10 ml/min in steps of 2 ml/min. For very low and high spray rates presence of secondary phases could be observed while for the films prepared at a spray rate of 6 ml/min were devoid of secondary phases. As spray rate increases band gap decreased. Samples prepared at 6 ml/min had optimum band gap of 1.5 eV. All the samples were observed to be p-type. Resistivity values increased steadily up to 6 ml/min and then slightly decreased. From the present work, CZTS films prepared at a spray rate of 6 ml/min is found to be ideal for absorber layer in solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

XPS depth profile studies were carried out to analyze the composition and stoichiometry of sprayed CZTS thin films giving an efficiency of 1.85% in CZTS based thin film solar cell. Surface layers were nearly stoichiometric (Cu:Zn:Sn:S=2:1:1:4) whereas the inner layers were found to be Copper rich in composition making it electrically more conductive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SnS thin films were deposited using Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) technique at a substrate temperature of 415 oC. Resistivity of pristine SnS thin film was 120 O.cm. In order to decrease resistivity, in-situ copper doping was done and its effects on the structural, optical and electrical properties were studied. Percentage of Cu was varied as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of tin in the precursor solution. Resistivity decreased with minimum resistivity of 1.6 O.cm for the sample doped with 6% copper. Beyond 6 % doping, resistivity increased. All the films were n type irrespective of doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuInS2/In2S3 heterojunction photovoltaic device was realized in an area of 2.5 x 2 cm² using automated spray pyrolysis machine which shows an open-circuit voltage of 432mV, short circuit current density of 6.33mA/cm², fill factor of 34% and efficiency of 0.94%. Performance of the device was monitored up to 100 days and it was working quite well without the application of any protective coatings. The device maintains a fill factor of around 32% up to 80 days but other photovoltaic parameters had slight decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer solar cells with configuration ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/Ag were fabricated using cost effective chemical spray pyrolysis and spin coating techniques. When surface of ZnO layer was modified with a second layer so as to increase the roughness, considerable improvement in cell parameters were observed. Optimum conditions for the required roughness were identified and changes in cell parameters with variation in surface roughness were studied. Major enhancements were observed in the open circuit voltage and in the cell efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoluminescence (PL) technique was used for studying the defects in Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) thin films deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP). Measurements were done on films prepared for different Cu:Zn:Sn:S ratios. An emission at 0.805 eV was monitored from 15 K to room temperature and activation energy was calculated. Excitation power dependent studies were done to analyze the type of transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of diffusion of Tin in the window layer of CuInS2/In2S3 heterojunction photovoltaic device fabricated using automated spray pyrolysis machine, is presented in this paper. Considerable improvement in the device parameters was observed through this process. The best device obtained in this study had open-circuit voltage of 370mV, short circuit current density of 5.33mA/cm², fill factor of 32% and efficiency of 0.65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin film solar cells were fabricated using CuInS2 as absorber layer and CdS as buffer layer. CuInS2 and CdS layers are deposited using chemical spray pyrolysis and chemical bath deposition respectively. Proper movement and collection of generated carriers really affect the performance of the cell. Introduction of a very thin layer of silver doped ZnO (ZnO:Ag) window layer between the buffer layer and ITO improves performance of the cell, with open circuit voltage of 409mV, short circuit current density of 2.89 mA/cm², fill factor of 44.3% and conversion efficiency of 0.52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]