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The online version of this paper has been temporarily withdrawn due to problems with the display of certain elements. A corrected version will be made available as soon as these issues have been resolved. The correct PDF version of the paper remains available via the PDF button under the paper's title. The publisher apologizes to readers and to the author for these problems.By Neil TennantReported by Author [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the phenomenon of the Coke-Mentos fountain and aims to determine if the released carbon dioxide can be quantified using traditional methods. Two methods, pneumatic collection and gravimetric determination, are used to analyze Coca-Cola Light. The results show that more carbon dioxide is released in Coca-Cola Light compared to Coca-Cola Classic. The article discusses different approaches to quantifying the fountain and highlights the importance of controlling variables in experiments. The text concludes with recommendations for further research to explore the influence of different cola varieties on carbon dioxide release. The authors are researchers and educators in the field of chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

The use of sensitivity readers has become increasingly prevalent in the publishing industry over the past decade (Brouillette 2023; Jilani 2023; Kingsbury 2024; Sharma 2023; Thomalla 2023; West-Knights 2023). To some, sensitivity readers are controversial figures who seek to censor writers' voices, while for others they are much-needed defences against the perpetuation of discrimination in literature (Lawrence 2020). Given the relatively novel application of sensitivity reading in publishing processes, there remains a scarcity of research into, and understanding of, the practical implications of this editorial process. The following transcript of a discussion between University of Exeter Master of Arts (Publishing) student, D-M Withers, and sensitivity reader and published author Georgina Kamsika reflects on the specificities of this industry role, providing insight into our understanding of sensitivity reading as a unique editorial layer within the publishing chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the development of hydrogels that can adapt their properties and internal structure in response to external stimuli. The hydrogels contain redox-responsive and light-responsive units that can independently react to specific triggers, but also demonstrate adaptability and self-regulation in terms of stiffness when simultaneously addressed. The study describes the formation of hydrogels with a redox-sensitive disulfide-crosslinked network and light-sensitive ortho-nitrobenzyl units, which can quickly adjust their network properties. The hydrogels show potential for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a case study on the decomposition reactions of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with saturated backbones in the coordination sphere of alanes. The study challenges the common assumption that NHCs are inert spectators and explores their reactivity with different Lewis acids and carbene types. The text discusses the synthesis of various compounds using different routes and analyzes the reactions and products using spectroscopy techniques. The article also discusses the formation of ringer-expanded compounds and the role of different NHC ligands in the reactions. The study provides insights into the reactivity of these compounds and their potential applications. The crystallographic data for the compounds discussed in the study are available for further reference. The research was supported by the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the synthesis and characterization of a new compound, Na2C3O2, which contains an unusual Y-shaped −C≡C−COO− anion. The compound was obtained through a reaction using sodium electride or NaC2H and the sodium salt of propargyl acid in liquid ammonia. The structure of Na2C3O2 was determined using synchrotron powder diffraction data and confirmed through spectroscopic analysis. The compound exhibits coordination of the anion to the sodium cation through both its carboxylate group and its negatively charged acetylide unit. The article provides detailed information on the synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic characterization of Na2C3O2. The authors acknowledge the assistance of various individuals and organizations in conducting the research. This report, authored by Sebastian, Renée Siegel, Jürgen Senker, Jan Hempelmann, Richard Dronskowski, and Uwe Ruschewitz, provides valuable insights into a specific topic. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the use of dual bioorthogonal and orthogonal metabolic labeling techniques to study interactions in biological environments. The researchers developed modified 2'-desoxynucleosides to overcome the challenge of cross-reactivity and successfully linked genomic DNA in cells with two different fluorogenic markers. The study demonstrates the potential for advanced metabolic labeling strategies for nucleic acids, particularly in living cells. The authors conducted experiments to investigate the reactivity and selectivity of certain nucleosides in two different reactions, IEDDA and photoclick, for potential use in DNA labeling. While successful DNA marking was achieved using the IEDDA reaction, attempts to mark DNA using the photoclick reaction were unsuccessful. The authors also tested the nucleosides for metabolic labeling of cellular DNA, but no successful labeling was observed. Overall, this study provides a foundation for future research in metabolic labeling strategies for nucleic acids, including experiments in living cells. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the bypassing of ammonia in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Diboradiazen compounds, derived from boron-mediated activation of dinitrogen (N2), were used. New heterocyclic compounds, which are BN-isosteres of thiophene and 1,3-oxazole, were formed through reactions with sulfur and acetic anhydride. Two new heterocyclic compounds, 1-Dur and 1-Mes, were synthesized and complete the synthesis routes. The structures of the compounds exhibit certain features of aromaticity. The study emphasizes the potential benefits of main group element-mediated N2 reductions. The project was funded by various organizations and there are no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes the synthesis of diborane(6)-dianions decorated with weakly coordinating B(C6F5)3- and SiEt3+ groups. Two compounds were isolated, which demonstrate the synthetic potential and chemical versatility of the dianions. The functionalization of the dianions is of interest for stabilizing reactive dications and modulating the properties of salts with reactive cations. The thermal stability, bond lengths, and electronic properties of the compounds were investigated and confirmed by spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the functionalization of the diborane(6)-dianions leads to new properties. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a new concept for the generation and use of molecular photoswitches. A reversible alkylation reaction can convert a symmetrical precursor into an efficient photoswitch. The thermal stability and photoswitch properties of functionalized diaryl-HTI switches were investigated. It was shown that the photoswitches can be efficiently switched in polar solvents and exhibit pronounced photochromism. By substitution and functionalization, a chiral photoswitch can be produced, which has chiroptic properties. The authors emphasize the versatile application possibilities of these concepts in sustainable chemistry and optically controllable nanosystems. [Extracted from the article]

In the literature on zinc-based batteries, it is often highlighted that zinc offers significant advantages over lithium due to its abundance, affordability, and accessibility. Additionally, aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries are promoted as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries, especially for renewable energy storage. The aim of this Comment is to provide a perspective on these statements, elucidating their foundations and implications and giving a quick but comprehensive background to authors and readers that deal with this topic, focusing specifically on batteries with zinc ions shuttling reversibly between the metallic negative electrode and the insertion-type positive electrode. Aqueous zinc batteries are currently being explored as potential alternatives to non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries. In this comment, the authors highlight zinc's global supply chain resilience and lower material costs yet caution about its higher mass requirement for comparable charge storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Funktionalisierung einwandiger Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren (SWCNTs) auf eine robuste Weise, die das sp2 Kohlenstoffgerüst nicht beeinträchtigt ist in der aktuellen Forschung eine große Herausforderung. Hier beschreiben wir, wie Triiodidsalze von positiv geladenen Makrozyklen verwendet werden können, um SWCNTs nicht nur von außen, sondern auch gleichzeitig von innen zu funktionalisieren. Wir setzten den Disulfidaustausch in wässrigem Lösungsmittel ein, um den solvophoben Effekt zu maximieren und so einen hohen Grad an Makrozyklus Immobilisierung zu erreichen. Die Charakterisierung mittels Raman‐Spektroskopie, EDX‐STEM und HR‐TEM zeigte deutlich, dass dieses nasschemische Funktionalisierungsprotokoll auch zur Verkapselung von Polyiodidketten im Inneren der Nanoröhren führte. Die resultierenden dreischaligen Kompositmaterialien sind redoxaktiv und weisen ein faszinierendes Zusammenspiel von elektrostatischen, solvophoben und mechanischen Effekten auf, was für Anwendungen in der Energiespeicherung von Interesse sein könnte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphen, ein transparentes, zweidimensionales, leitfähiges Material, hat verschiedenen wässrigen technologischen Systemen, wie Entsalzungsmembranen, chemischen Sensoren, Energiespeichern und Energieumwandlungsgeräten, neue Perspektiven eröffnet. Informationen auf molekularer Ebene von Graphen im Kontakt mit wässrigen Elektrolyten, wie z. B. Wasserorientierung und die Struktur von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen, sind jedoch nach wie vor schwer fassbar oder umstritten. Hier setzen wir oberflächenspezifische heterodyne detektierte Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (HD‐SFG) ein, um die molekulare Wasserstruktur an einer frei schwebenden Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche zu untersuchen.Wir vergleichen die Antwort des Luft/Graphen/Wasser Systems mit der der Luft/Wasser‐Grenzfläche. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das χyyz2 ${{\chi }_{yyz}^{\left(2\right)}}$ ‐Spektrum, des Luft/Graphen/Wasser‐Systems von den obersten 1–2 Wasserschichten in Kontakt mit Graphen herrührt, wobei das Graphen selbst keine signifikantes SFG‐Signal erzeugt. Im Vergleich zum Signal an der Luft/Wassergrenzfläche beeinflusst das Vorhandensein von Monolagen‐Graphen Wasser an der Grenzfläche nur schwach. Graphen wirkt sich schwach auf die hängende O−H‐Gruppe aus, indem es ihre Frequenz durch die Wechselwirkung mit der Graphenschicht senkt, und hat eine geringe Wirkung auf die Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundene O−H‐Gruppe. Molekulardynamiksimulationen bestätigen unsere experimentellen Beobachtungen. Unsere Arbeit bietet einen molekularen Einblick in die Grenzflächenstruktur an einer suspendierten Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche, die für verschiedene technologische Anwendungen von Graphen relevant ist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studien an zwei Multiprodukt‐Sesterterpensynthasen aus Lentzea atacamensis führten zur Identifizierung der Synthasen für Lentzeadien (LaLDS) und Atacamatrien (LaATS). Das Hauptprodukt von LaLDS (Lentzeadien) ist eine neue Verbindung, während eines der Nebenprodukte (Lentzeatetraen) das Enantiomer von Brassitetraen B ist und ein anderes Nebenprodukt (Sestermobaraen F) von einer überraschend weit entfernt verwandten Sesterterpensynthase bekannt ist. LaATS stellt sechs neue Verbindungen her, darunter das Enantiomer des bekannten Sesterterpens Bm1. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die Produkte beider Enzyme nicht alle aus ein und derselben Ausgangskonformation von Geranylfarnesyldiphosphat erklärt werden können, was die Notwendigkeit einer Konformationsflexibilität des Substrats in den aktiven Zentren der Enzyme zeigt. Für Lentzeadien wurde eine faszinierende thermische [1,5]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung entdeckt, die an die Biosynthese von Vitamin D3 erinnert. Alle Enzymreaktionen und die [1,5]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung wurden durch Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente und DFT‐Berechnungen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen auch die Bedeutung von Konformationsänderungen während Terpencyclisierungen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salzmetathesereaktionen zwischen Dikaliumgermacyclopentadiendiiden und Aluminium(III)dichloriden ermöglichen die Synthese von Alumol‐Halbsandwichkomplexen des zweiwertigen Germaniums oder von Aluminylen‐Germol‐Komplexen. Deren Molekülstrukturen und ihre delokalisierte Bindungssituation, wie sie durch Dichtefunktionalrechnungen (DFT) belegt wird, erlauben gleichermaßen ihre Beschreibung als isomere Aluminagerma[5]pyramidane mit entweder dem Germanium‐ oder dem Aluminiumatom in der apikalen Position der pentagonalen Pyramide. Die Produktbildung und die Selektivität der Reaktion hängen von dem dritten Substituenten des Aluminiumdichlorids ab. Arylgruppen begünstigen die Bildung von Alumolkomplexen und der Cp*‐Substituent die der isomeren Germolkomplexe. Mit Aminosubstituenten am Aluminiumatom werden Mischungen beider Isomere erhalten, wobei der Austausch der Positionen der beiden Heteroatome im Pyramidan durch NMR Spektroskopie nachgewiesen wurde. Zudem können, ausgehend von Alumolkomplexen des zweiwertigen Germaniums, durch reduktive Eliminierung des Germaniums die entsprechenden Alumole erhalten werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ein einkerniges, T‐förmiges Palladium(I)‐d9‐ Metalloradikal (3), stabilisiert durch einen sterisch anspruchsvollen PNP‐Liganden mit Carbazolgerüst, wurde durch die Reduktion des Chloridokomplexes oder thermische Pd−C‐Bindungshomolyse des entsprechenden Neopentylkomplexes erhalten. Unter CO‐Druck bildete sich der Pd(I)‐Carbonylkomplex, der durch Röntgenbeugung strukturell charakterisiert wurde. Die Delokalisierung des ungepaarten Elektrons zum Carbonylkohlenstoff hin wurde durch EPR‐Spektroskopie nachgewiesen und durch DFT‐ und ab initio Methoden theoretisch modelliert. Das teilweise reduzierte und radikalisierte CO reagierte langsam mit Di(tert‐butyl)disulfid unter homolytischer S−S‐Spaltung und C−S‐Bindungsbildung zu dem entsprechenden Metallothioester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Klassische Schutzgruppenchemie erfordert unweigerlich einen Entschützungsschritt, um die ursprünglich blockierte Funktionalität vor weiteren Umwandlungen wiederherzustellen. Da dieser Aspekt der Schutzgruppenmanipulation zwangsläufig die Anzahl der Schritte jeder Synthesesequenz erhöht, bieten Methoden, die eine gleichzeitige Entschützung und Funktionalisierung ermöglichen („entschützende Funktionalisierung", im Gegensatz zur Entschützung mit anschließender Funktionalisierung), attraktive Vorteile, um die Effizienz zu steigern und synthetische Routen zu verkürzen. In diesem Bericht präsentieren wir eine Methode zur entschützenden Funktionalisierung der neu eingeführten Nms‐Amide, die auf einer Analyse mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) basiert und die inhärente Nms‐Reaktivität ausnutzt. Mechanistische Studien erklären außerdem warum andere häufig verwendete Schutzgruppen nicht die gleichen Reaktivitätsmuster aufweisen. Die Anwendbarkeit dieses Ansatzes wurde anhand zahlreicher Substrate demonstriert und schließlich verwendet, um Arzneimittelderivate effizienter und mit verkürzten Synthesewegen herzustellen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hier wird die erfolgreiche kristallisationsinduzierte dynamische Racematspaltung (CIDR) eines α‐lithiierten Phosphinoborans mithilfe des leicht zugänglichen und kostengünstigen chiralen Liganden (R,R)‐TMCDA beschrieben. Ausgehend von dem wichtigen P‐prochiralen Baustein Dimethylphenylphosphinoboran konnten Phosphinoborane in Ausbeuten von bis zu 80 % und Enantiomerenverhältnissen von bis zu 98 : 2 durch Kristallisation des lithiierten Zwischenprodukts erhalten werden. NMR‐basierte Deuterium‐Markierungsexperimente zeigen, dass die Epimerisierung in Lösung auf dem intermolekularen Protonentransfer zwischen dem nicht lithiierten Phosphinoboran und dem entsprechenden lithiierten Zwischenprodukt beruht, sodass die Anwesenheit überschüssigen Eduktes in einem optimierten Lösungsmittelgemisch der Hauptfaktor für eine erfolgreiche enantioselektive Synthese ist. Quantenchemische Berechnungen mit verschiedenen auf Festkörperstrukturen basierenden Modellsystemen bestätigen diese experimentellen Ergebnisse. Durch den Einblick in den Epimerisierungsmechanismus wurden wesentliche Prinzipien für die CIDR von lithiierten Phosphinoboranen aufgeklärt, die auf andere wichtige P‐stereogene Verbindungen und einfache chirale Amine erweitert werden könnten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helikale Nanographene (NG) mit hohen Quantenausbeuten und starken chiroptischen Antworten sind entscheidend für die Entwicklung von lumineszenten Materialien mit zirkularer Polarisation (engl. circular polarized luminescence, CPL). Hier berichten wir von der erfolgreichen Synthese neuartiger π‐erweiterter Doppel‐[7]Helicene (ED7Hs), bei denen sich zwei Helicen‐Einheiten meta bzw. para am zentralen Benzenring befinden. Sie sind damit strukturelle Isomere des bekannten ortho‐ED7H. Die strukturelle Integrität und Geometrie der ED7Hs wurde eindeutig durch Röntgen‐Einkristalldiffraktometrie aufgeklärt. Die ED7Hs besitzen eine ausgeprägte Fluoreszenz mit Quantenausbeuten über 40 %. Durch Variation der relativen Positionen der Doppel‐[7]Helicene am zentralen Benzenring (ortho, meta, para) kann eine außergewöhnliche Verstärkung der chiroptischen Eigenschaften registriert werden. Diese Verbesserung zeigt sich in einem etwa fünffachen Anstieg der Absorbanz und Lumineszenz‐Dissymmetriefaktoren (gabs und glum) sowie einer erhöhten CPL‐Helligkeit von bis zu 176 M−1 cm−1, was die Leistung der meisten helicenbasierten chiralen NGs übertrifft. Des weiteren zeigen DFT‐Simulationen, dass die relative geometrische Lage der [7]Helicene eine präzise Anpassung der elektrischen und magnetischen Übergangsdipolmomente zur Folge hat, welche die beobachteten Verstärkungen der chiroptischen Eigenschaften erklären. Diese Studie liefert eine effektive Strategie zur Verstärkung der CPL‐Eigenschaften chiraler Nanographene, welche ihre Anwendbarkeit als CPL‐Emitter verbessert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Welt, in der wir leben, ist homochiral. Die Riboseeinheiten, die das Rückgrat von DNA und RNA bilden, sind alle D‐konfiguriert, und die kodierten Aminosäuren, aus denen die Proteine aller lebenden Arten bestehen, weisen an den α‐Kohlenstoffatomen eine L‐Konfiguration auf. Die Homochiralität der α‐Aminosäuren ist unerlässlich für die Faltung der Peptide in wohldefinierte und funktionelle 3D‐Strukturen und die Homochiralität der D‐Ribose ist entscheidend für die Ausbildung einer Helix und die Basenpaarung. Die Frage, warum die Natur nur kodierte L‐α‐Aminosäuren verwendet, ist nicht geklärt. Wir zeigen hier, dass eine RNA‐Peptid‐Welt, in der Peptide an aus D‐Ribose aufgebauten RNAs wachsen, zur Selbstselektion von homo‐L‐Peptiden führt, was eine mögliche Erklärung für die in der Natur beobachtete Kombination von homo‐D‐Ribose und homo‐L‐Aminosäuren liefert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eine allgemeine, intramolekulare Zykloisomerisierung nichtaktivierter Olefine mit Nukleophilen wird beschrieben. Die Reaktion erfolgt unter milden Bedingungen und toleriert Ether, Ester, geschützte Amine, Acetale, Pyrazole, Carbamate und Arene. Sie ist zugänglich für N‐, O‐ und C‐Nukleophile, wobei eine Reihe verschiedener Heterozyklen gebildet werden kann, darunter Pyrrolidine, Piperidine, Oxazolidinone und Lactone. Durch die Kombination eines Benzothiazinoquinoxalins als Organophotokatalysator und eines Cobaltsalen‐Katalysators sind keine stöchiometrischen Oxidations‐ oder Reduktionsmittel erforderlich. Wir zeigen den Nutzen des Protokolls für die Diversifizierung von Arzneimitteln sowie die Synthese mehrerer kleiner Naturstoffe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Einsatz kleiner fluoreszierender Moleküle spielt in der Medizin und Arzneimittelentwicklung eine immer größere Rolle. Mit diesem Beitrag ergänzen wir das Portfolio leistungsstarker Fluorophore durch die zufällige Entdeckung und Entwicklung einer neuen Klasse mit einem Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridiniumtriflat‐Kern, die wir „PyrAt‐Verbindungen" nennen. Diese Fluorophore werden in einem einzigen Schritt aus leicht verfügbaren Materialien synthetisiert (>60 Beispiele) und zeigen Stokes‐Verschiebungen bis zu 240 nm, während sie gleichzeitig NIR−I‐Emissionen bei λmax bis zu 720 nm erreichen. Computergestützte Studien ermöglichen die Entwicklung einer Plattform für die Vorhersage von λmax und λEm. Darüber hinaus demonstrieren wir die Kompatibilität dieser neuartigen Fluorophore mit der Lebendzellbildgebung in HEK293‐Zellen, was darauf hindeutet, dass sie potente intrazelluläre Marker sind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complementary to all theological considerations of divine writing – sacra pagina – are those of divine reading, known in the Christian Tradition as lectio divina. Through a close reading of St. Bonaventure's Incendium Amoris (De Triplici Via) this article seeks to elucidate the author's understanding of the Christian's act of reading, especially the reading of the biblical text. Between the eleventh and the late thirteenth centuries, the metaphysically rich sense of lectio regnant in the monastic environment goes into decline. In ascendancy is a lectio attenuated to a mere instrument, whether scholarly or spiritual in application. Standing somewhere near the apex of this watershed, Bonaventure understood the act of reading the Word of God as constitutive of a real, vital, personal relationship between the divine, living author and the human reader. Notwithstanding his scholastic contributions, Bonaventure remains essentially faithful to the understanding of lectio as practiced in a liturgically saturated monastic milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the evolving perspectives of a Korean feminist translator through a detailed analysis of translatorial peritexts in three editions of Virginia Woolf's Three Guineas. The first edition is a heavily edited translation tailored for uninitiated readers, featuring omissions of Woolf's voluminous notes and additions such as chapter summaries and glossaries. The second edition includes a postface written as a letter to Woolf, where the translator critiques Woolf's feminism and suggests postcolonial feminism as a better framework for Korean women. The final edition is a full translation with an introduction and notes from a renowned scholar, where the translator refrains from critiquing Woolf, focusing instead on expanding Woolf's ideas and the scholar's commentary. This study reveals various aspects of paratextuality, such as the variability of translatorial peritexts, tensions between authorial text and translatorial peritext, and the relation of the translator's peritexts to their perceptions of the author and readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article from the Mexican Journal of Educational Research analyzes the balance of Mexican educational policy from 2018 to 2024. The importance of educational research in informing decision-makers in this field is highlighted. Additionally, five articles are presented that address topics such as digital service-learning, educational research, educational leadership, and curriculum management in Chilean schools. The authors invite readers to debate these topics in order to strengthen the educational system. [Extracted from the article]

This article reflects on the potential value and many pitfalls of underpowered studies to help authors and readers consider whether and how they contribute meaningfully to the published literature. A basic introduction to power and sample size calculations is provided. Several problems that can arise in analysis and publication of underpowered studies are described. In addition, features of underpowered studies that may provide value are proposed, including when the hypothesis test of interest is a limited part of the story, the data is rich enough to showcase interesting features of the population of interest, when the rarity or ubiquity of events is an important finding, and when the study is preregistered to reduce the impact of publication bias. Several reporting guidelines for underpowered studies are also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a note from the editors of the journal Isis, which is commemorating the hundredth anniversary of the History of Science Society (HSS). The editors reflect on their experience as co-editors and the work that goes into producing the journal. They discuss the theme of the issue, which focuses on the labor and hidden infrastructures of power in the field of history of science. The editors also provide a summary of the contents of the Centennial Issue, which includes sections on the history of Isis, the production of the journal, and how historians of science have used it in their research and teaching. The editors express their gratitude to the contributors, reviewers, and readers of the journal. [Extracted from the article]

The speech subjects and their speech acts stipulated in the application materials for the evaluation of professional titles of teachers in kindergartens, primary schools and secondary schools are analyzed. According to the speech act, the speech subjects in the "application form" and "evaluation form" are merged into six categories: specification experts, tabulation experts, applicants, recommenders, auditors and review experts. According to the theory of Chinese rhetoric, it is found that these six types of speech subjects appear in turn with the roles of both author and reader, and the relationship among them is more complex. The applicant has particularity in reading and writing: before filling in the form, he should try to figure out the design intention of the tabulation expert and the reading needs of the recommender, the auditor, especially the reviewer; at the time of filling in the form, he should answer the questions of the tabulation experts at one time and provide the information they need to the reviewers, recommenders, especially the review experts, and to express their meaning appropriately through speech acts consistent with their own identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between poetry and testimony in order to outline a viable framework for interpreting testimonial poetry (or "poetry of witness," in Carolyn Forché's terms) as a literary genre in its own right. Neglected in favor of other, mimetically oriented modes of witnessing, especially those in narrative fiction and documentary prose, testimonial poetry has not been extensively studied, and when it has, the studies were often based on inadequate notions of testimony that fail to recognize witnessing as a broader social and linguistic practice. Relying on the sociological approach to eyewitness testimony developed by Renaud Dulong (notably in Le témoin oculaire [1998]), this article proposes a new understanding of poetic testimony, based neither on an overly broad notion of witnessing as living through an event or era, nor on a narrow understanding of witnessing as providing a faithful documentary account of a personal experience. Much like its prose counterpart, poetic testimony enacts a quasi‐contractual relationship between authors and readers, whereby the former are committed to telling the truth about a directly experienced event of public importance and the latter, in return, are committed to considering seriously their words, approaching them in good faith. This relationship is driven by an underlying ethical imperative whereby the author acts as a moral witness in Avishai Margalit's sense of the term, and the readers assume the role of a moral community sympathetic to their plight. By referencing examples from American, Hungarian, Russian, French, Polish, and South Slavic twentieth‐century poetry, the article shows how a "testimonial" reading of a poem, often very strongly favored on intuitive grounds, modifies generic expectations based on traditional poetic genres and explores its interpretative and ethical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between poetry and architecture, focusing on three recent poetry collections. It highlights the use of architectural terms in poetry and the similarities in the design process of both art forms. The article emphasizes the idea that poems and spaces invite readers to become co-creators of the experience, and analyzes how these collections engage readers through themes of doorways, shared experiences, and stability. The author emphasizes the importance of language and the power of poetry to create meaning, and discusses how attention to structural aspects allows for lasting meanings to be constructed. [Extracted from the article]

Since 1960, speech synthesis technology has existed and its applications are now widely available, one of which is the Natural Reader application. Natural Reader is an application that can be used in knowing how to pronounce words in English. This study aims to describe students' experiences with using the Natural Reader application and examine the effect of utilizing the use of the Natural Reader application as a tool to test the accuracy of pronunciation of Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar State Islamic University students, by using the Natural Reader application students can more easily test their English accuracy. The method used by researchers is quantitative method, quantitative research can show data containing numbers that can be obtained by utilizing google form as a means of making a questionnaire. This research shows that the Natural Reader application has the potential to ensure the accuracy of pronunciation in English. So it can be concluded that the Natural Reader device can ensure the accuracy of student pronunciation in English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the author-reader relationship as it is shaped by an "enigma of reading." Evident in texts that directly address their readers, this enigma attempts to interpellate those readers into a specific role. Using two different models of interpellation created by Slavoj Žižek and Eyal Dotan, this article describes the shift from modern to postmodern texts in terms of reading enigmas. The author's particular case study focuses on the narrator's addresses in John Barth's Floating Opera. These addresses reveal how the narrative oscillates between interpellations that encourage a paranoid reading stance, stemming from an "enigma of desire" (as in Žižek's model) and interpellations that discourage this position, derived from an "enigma of addresser" (as in Dotan's model). Ultimately, readers are left feeling confused, without a stable reading position, and are forced to apply a "flickering" reading practice. This kind of practice rejects the oedipal role of the author as a father, in the Lacanian sense, who is the absolute subject responsible for constructing meaning and forming the law of the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an investigation of neurodivergent reading practices. It is a collectively written paper where the focus is as much on an autoethnographic exploration of our autistic readings of autism/autistic fiction as it is on the read texts themselves. The reading experiences described come primarily from Yoon Ha Lee's Dragon Pearl (2019) and Dahlia Donovan's The Grasmere Cottage Mystery (2018), which we experience as opposite each other in how they depict their neurodivergent characters and speak to us as autistic readers. Through the article, we describe a formation of neurodivergent (critical) collective readings of autism/autistic fiction. The article contributes to an academic and activistic discourse around neurodivergent reader responses and power relations between neurodivergent and neurotypical readers and authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual biography is not merely a journalistic account of the events in the life of a historical personality or a person of importance to today's society On the contrary, an intellectual biography has to do with what the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel called the spirit of the times. This type of biography enables its author and readers to understand not only the actions and positions of an individual but also the general spirit of the society's life at different times. An intellectual biography is not a history of ideas, since ideas and public thoughts are only a pretext for the author of an intellectual biography to consider both the facts of the lives of the authors of those ideas and their interpretations. The author of an intellectual biography does not deal with problems in the same way as the historian of philosophy, who tends to analyze ideas, theories and systems of thought as a reality distant in time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2022 JCR included ESCI journals for the first time, increasing the number of publication titles by approximately 60%. In this paper, the subcategory Mining and Mineral Processing (part of the Engineering and Geosciences category, where 12 of the ESCI journals were merged with the 20 SCIEx ones) is presented and analyzed. Only three of the ESCI journals included in the database were ranked Q1/Q2. The inclusion of the entire ESCI added new content for readers and authors relying on JCR sources. This paper offers authors, researchers, and publishers in the Mining and Mineral Processing field practical insights into the potential benefits and challenges associated with the changing landscape of indexed journals, as well as in-depth, systematic analyses that provide potential authors with the opportunity to select the most suitable journal for submitting their papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crucial components of strategic communication include the audience, which plays a decisive role in how any conflict plays out. Strategic narratives are seen as means by which political actors attempt to construct a shared meaning of international politics to shape the behaviour of domestic and international actors. The article analyzes the news discourse of the Russian media sources RT, Pervyj Kanal, and NTV on Russia's coronavirus aid to Italy in spring 2020. In the context of media coverage, some methodological questions arise: How should the intentional structuring of narratives, targeting of audiences, and the manipulative intentions of the strategic actor be studied? For this purpose, the article combines strategic narrative theory with Umberto Eco's concepts of the Model Reader and the Model Author. Analysing the aims and intentionality of the strategic narratives, we postulate the Model Reader as an analytical category that organizes the study of the audience's interpretation process. The function of the Model Reader is to actualize the codes and intertextual references that the author has strategically planned in the news message, in order to achieve the geopolitical aims of the strategic narratives in question. The analysis of constructing the Model Reader and the Model Author of strategic narratives is complemented by Greimas' semiotic theory of the narrative and the composition principles of Lotman's discrete/non-discrete texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the postponement and eventual online format of the Houellebecq in Focus symposium due to COVID-19, which led to the publication of a double issue of Romance Studies on Michel Houellebecq. The essays in the issue explore themes such as self-referentiality in Houellebecq's work, the value of literature in a digital age, and the realist presentation of hypothetical futures. Additionally, the articles delve into Houellebecq's reactionary politics, the concept of 'postvérité' in his works, and his acting career in films directed by Guillaume Nicloux. The symposium proved to be a valuable platform for scholars to engage with and analyze various aspects of Houellebecq's literary and cinematic contributions. [Extracted from the article]

This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literary awards—understood here as formal, collective, and public declarations of aesthetic excellence—have been criticized for perpetuating structural inequities that harm oppressed authors and readers. However, the library as an institution continues to participate in prizing through a system of interlocking norms and conventional practices that we term "library reprizing." We track reprizing through its various manifestations in collection development, classification, and readers' advisory service. We posit that reprizing is not merely a way of informing patrons of award winners but is part of a coordinated response that aids materially in the creation of award winners. Given that prizing sustains dominant structures of power in print culture, we suggest that one route to reform may lie in librarians' capacity to be strategically uncooperative regarding awards. We provide a map for proposing concrete strategies as part of a larger ameliorative project to reform literary prizing from within the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an editorial from the Journal of Orthodontics, welcoming new members to the Editorial Team and discussing the role of the Editorial Board. The new members include individuals from various locations, increasing the diversity of the team. The main role of the new members will be to assist in the handling and peer review of submitted papers. The article also explains the peer review process and the different decisions that can be made regarding the acceptance or rejection of a paper. The author emphasizes the importance of reviewers and invites readers to become reviewers for the journal. [Extracted from the article]

This study verifies how are distributed the resources of the a Brazilian public publishing support program: Programa de Apoio à Editoração CNPq/Capes in one of its annual editions n° 18 of 2018. It is questioned: How can the Programa de Apoio à Editoração CNPq/Capes improve itself as an alternative for scientific promotion from the perspective of Open Science? The objective is to highlight the importance of this program in parallel with the principles of Open Science. Qualitative approach research uses techniques of documentary survey and data collection in institutional documents guiding the CNPq/Capes and filling out forms to organize the information. It is observed as main results: a) 193 journals from 54 areas/sciences are included, comprising nine major areas of knowledge; b) the distribution of resources is varied, Agrarian Sciences and Health Sciences are the most benefited, while the areas of Applied Social Sciences received the lowest amount of resources; c) 191 journals are open access, 39 charge some kind of fee, 154 are free. Two journals are closed access and charge access to publications. The importance of the CNPq/Capes program: Apoio à Editoração is highlighted for promoting actions that legitimize the perspectives of Open Science. In order for such a policy of democratization of knowledge to be broader, it is suggested that the distribution of benefits be turned to magazines that do not charge any type of fee to readers and authors and that are affiliated with publishers and public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we will address the complex and controversial phenomenon of Marian apparitions. This requires both the author and the reader to adopt a prior attitude of not giving in to the extremes of Marian maximalism and minimalism. In the first case, devotionism (unbalanced and accentuated devotion) leads to an exaggerated value of the messages of the visionaries, as if they were the best and only update of divine Revelation. Miracles and “signs from heaven” are sought at all costs. The centrality of Christ is lost, since the supposed messages attributed to Mary seem more important than the Bible. In the second case, there is a prior attitude of rejecting the visions, since they are considered alienating. They would be pure human invention, which does not even deserve to be studied. At most, the phenomenon can be understood from the critical perspective of the human sciences, such as cultural anthropology and social psychology. We believe that the most sensible and wise thing to do is to adopt an open attitude to possible cases of visions and apparitions, with lucidity and criteria from theology and spirituality, using the help of science. Based on a theoretical-bibliographical methodology, this study aims to address visions or apparitions, developing a theological perspective on them, and then addressing the norms for discerning presumed supernatural phenomena and the process of discerning visions or apparitions. Finally, the aim is to receive and understand apparitionist messages, considering the human conditioning in the apparitions and the theological-pastoral issues for discussion and further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is part of a series of investigations into the Johannine text, specifically focussing on the performative nature of focalisation. Previous contributions by the researcher posited and illustrated that the construction of a narrative involves a deliberate intention by the author to prompt the reader to take action based on their reading. The present article continues to explore the pragmatic power of the narrative of John 6:1–14 and 22–71, utilising focalisation as an analytical tool. The analysis underscores what the narrative strives to teach, revealing Jesus as the bread of life, crucial for satisfying the hunger of the soul, that is salvation leading to eternal life. The careful selection of narrative materials in this passage aligns with the overarching purpose of the Fourth Gospel, as outlined in 20:30–31, and is deemed to have a performative function towards the reader. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary: The article's unique contribution lies in demonstrating that traditional exegetical methods, for example, grammatical-historical approach and others, can be supplemented by literary critical methods such as focalisation to expound or extract meaning from biblical narratives. In this article, the field of (traditional) hermeneutics is supplemented by a literary critical approach to get the better of what the text can offer to the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article's main primary is to look into Ursula K. Le Guin's writings and examine how her words have influenced utopian literature while also giving particular focus to her crucial role in the genre of science fiction, consequently diving into the analysis of one particular book she wrote entitled of The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia. Le Guin's description of the twin planets, Anarres and Urras, and their inhabitants' lives, defy traditional concepts and extend the frontiers of speculative fiction through the use of opposing ideologies and philosophical insights presented in the novel. This essay will also deepen on Le Guin's legacy as a visionary author who played a crucial role in reshaping the views on fiction and leading us to reformulate our thoughts on utopia and the way we see the world we live in, therefore influencing the following generations of writers and readers and inspiring new possibilities within utopian literature. While making references to important topics such as anarchism and feminism, which are subjects that remain matter of discussion still, the author leads the readers to also reflect upon freedom, power dynamics, and what makes us human. By examining the multiple layers of The Dispossessed along with the context and the author's legacy in literature, this study reflects the power of speculative fiction in making us question societal norms and to resist the limits on our understanding of the possible and the better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses Mohamed Berrada's novel Luʿbat al-nisyān (1987, The Game of Forgetting, 1996), focusing on the book's unorthodox narrative design, where multiplicity, metafiction, and fragmentation are strategic tools that bring to light the author's vision of (post)modernist literature in a postcolonial nation. The article examines how the novel's compelling experimental quality and efficacious engagement of cultural and socio-political issues are at work, highlighting thereby the text's commitment overtones. The novel embeds narrative multiplicity and fragmentation within a key dialectic that informs and runs through the entire text: remembering and forgetting. These two acts (remembering and forgetting) provide discursive spheres that enhance the imagination of both the author and the reader, who enter into an unspoken partnership to take the literary text into vast interpretive realms, thus expanding and elevating the horizons of contemporary Moroccan and Arabic literature. Overall, Berrada resorts to quintessentially (post)modernist techniques – such as multiplicity, fragmentation, and metanarrative – anchored in the overarching game/dialectic of remembering and forgetting in order to deliver implicit social and political critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of poetry, picture poetry, and art in fostering human connection. It emphasizes the rich use of metaphor and figurative language in poetry, and how these techniques contribute to conveying meaning. The article also explores the incorporation of visual elements in poetry, such as picture poems, and how they interact with the text. Additionally, the text analyzes a specific artwork, "Purple" by John Akomfrah, to illustrate the profound emotional impact that can be achieved through the combination of words, visuals, and other sensory elements. Overall, the article highlights the social functions of poetry and art in invoking strong emotions and creating meaningful connections. [Extracted from the article]

A frequent complaint of editors of scientific journals is that it has become increasingly difficult to find reviewers for evaluating submitted manuscripts. Such claims are, most commonly, based on anecdotal evidence. To gain more insight grounded on empirical evidence, editorial data of manuscripts submitted for publication to the Journal of Comparative Physiology A between 2014 and 2021 were analyzed. No evidence was found that more invitations were necessary over time to get manuscripts reviewed; that the reviewer's response time after invitation increased; that the number of reviewers who completed their reports, relative to the number of reviewers who had agreed to review a manuscript, decreased; and that the recommendation behavior of reviewers changed. The only significant trend observed was among reviewers who completed their reports later than agreed. The average number of days that these reviewers submitted their evaluations roughly doubled over the period analyzed. By contrast, neither the proportion of late vs. early reviews, nor the time for completing the reviews among the punctual reviewers, changed. Comparison with editorial data from other journals suggests that journals that serve a smaller community of readers and authors, and whose editors themselves contact potential reviewers, perform better in terms of reviewer recruitment and performance than journals that receive large numbers of submissions and use editorial assistants for sending invitations to potential reviewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the book "Ethics in Business: An Ontological Perspective" by Conceição Soares, which addresses business ethics from a philosophical perspective. The book presents five chapters that seek to establish a solid foundation for business ethics, discussing everything from neoclassical economics to sociological theories of the company. The author proposes an ethics of generosity as the basis for business conduct. The work is praised by its author, Conceição Soares, who acknowledges that it is not possible to address everything at once. She highlights the importance of continuing to investigate and write about the subject. The author invites readers to read the book, which contains a vast amount of systematized material about the past, and thanks them for making it accessible. The work is seen as a starting point for new adventures in the world of the spirit. [Extracted from the article]