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Dietary high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases as well as metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HFCS-feeding on the craniomandibular bone development at an early age and also the potential of milk kefir for preventive treatment. In this study, Control, Kefir, HFCS, and HFCS plus Kefir groups were formed; kefir was given by gastric gavage, while HFCS (20% beverages) was given in drinking water; for 8 weeks. Based on morphological evaluations, immunohistochemical, and gene expression results, it was clearly determined that excess dose of HFCS consumption decreased osteoblastic activity in craniomandibular bones while increasing osteoclastic activity. However, it has been determined that the intake of kefir with the HFCS-feeding greatly suppresses the effects of HFCS on bone tissues. In conclusion, dietary the excess dose of HFCS at an early age has been observed to pose a risk for cranial and mandible bone development. The healing effects of kefir may be a new approach to the treatment via kefir consumption in young's.

Yüksek fruktozlu mısır şurubu (YFMŞ) besin endüstrisinde tatlandırıcı olarak kullanılan, şeker ile karşılaştırıldığında daha az maliyetle kaliteli ürünlerin üretiminde fayda sağlayan FDA (Food and Drug Administration; Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi) tarafından doğal olarak sınıflandırılan gıda katkı maddesidir. Yüksek fruktozlu mısır şurubu mısır nişastasının, kimyasal ve enzimatik hidroliz tekniklerinin kullanımı sonucunda sıvılaştırma, parçalama ve izomerizasyon süreçlerinden geçmesiyle üretilmektedir. Genellikle meşrubatlarda, hazır atıştırmalıklarda kullanımı yaygındır. Ürüne istenilen tat, doku ve uzun süreli raf ömrünü kazandırmada rol oynar. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle 1970- 80’li yıllarda üretimi artmış ve obezite, şeker hastalığı, kardiyovasküler rahatsızlıklar gibi metabolik hastalıkların gelişimiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda fazla miktarda YFMŞ içeren ürünlerin tüketimiyle hastalıkların gelişimi arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Bu derlemede YFMŞ tüketimi ile non alkolik karaciğer hastalıkları ve obezite ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Yüksek fruktozlu ürünlerin diyette kullanımıyla yağ metabolizmasını olumsuz yönde etkilemesi ve inflamatuvar sitokin, kolesterol seviyelerinde meydana getirdiği anlamlı artışla karaciğer yağlanmasını; vücut kütle indeksinde, bel çevresi ölçümünde oluşturduğu artışla da abdominal obezite oluşumunu tetiklediği araştırmalarla kanıtlanmıştır.

Siedlecka Dagna, Micał Wojciech, Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa, Romaniuk Artur. The bitter side of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) - the global obesity pandemic. Journal of Education, Health and Sport.2020;10(9):747-751. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.090 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.090 https://zenodo.org/record/4051579 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 22.09.2020. Revised: 24.09.2020. Accepted: 26.09.2020. The bitter side of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) - the global obesity pandemic Siedlecka Dagna1, Micał Wojciech2, Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa1, Romaniuk Artur3 1. Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 2. 1st Department of Medical Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland 3.Praktyka Lekarza Rodzinnego „Familia” ul. Niepodległości 29, 21-040 Świdnik, Poland Key words:high fructose corn syrup; fructose; HFCS; syrup; sweetener; obesity Abstract Sweet taste accompanies our lives since childhood. Sugar is commonly used in industrial production. Increased consumption of simple sugars has been observed since many years. Sugars come in different forms and one of them - glucose-fructose is on scientists aim because if it's impact on health. Fructose has unique metabolic features, that could be harmful for human organism. Excessive consumption of this substance contributes to obesity pandemic, development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity affects in particular children and teenagers.[1]High consumption of fructose disturb sense of hunger and satiety.

BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in consumption of aerated sweetened soft drinks and packaged juices high in carbohydrates/fructose by humans across the globe. There have been various studies with contradictory inferences of association of chronic sweetened soft drink (rich in high fructose corn syrup) intake and NAFLD. This study was undertaken with the aim to determine the quantity, frequency, duration and type of sweet soft drinks /packaged fruit juices consumption in patients with NAFLD as compared to that in control population. Other objectives included assessment of the independent role of sweetened soft drinks as a risk factor for NAFLD in the absence of metabolic syndrome and to correlate the level of steatosis (objectively graded by ultrasonography) with the amount of intake of soft drinks in patients of NAFLD. METHOD : 50 patients of NAFLD as diagnosed clinically and by ultrasonography were identified and compared with 50 age matched control population reporting to the hospital with ailments other than NAFLD. The presence or absence of metabolic syndrome was noted in all the patients. The history of soft drink intake was obtained from the patient under following heads: a) quantity consumed, b) type of soft drink/packaged juice consumed, c) period of ingestion and d) frequency of consumption. RESULT : The average monthly consumption, duration of consumption and the mean total sugar consumption of sweetened soft drinks / packaged juices were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD versus those in the control group (p=0.0002

Background: Several risk factors for central obesity include high Sugar-sweetened Beverages (SSBs) intake, lack of physical activity, and lack of sleep duration. High fructose corn syrup, the sweetener used in SSBs, increase body weight because of the bad effect of insulin secretion and leptin release. The fructose from this beverage can increase visceral adiposity accumulation . Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the intake of Sugar-sweetened Beverages (SSBs), physical activity , and sleep duration as risk factor s for central obesity among w omen in the reproductive Age Methods: This study used case-control design consists of 38 S ubject s in case and control groups. All women were in childbearing age (20-29 years) selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data taken were weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Food intake and sugar-sweetened beverage intake were obtained by using Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ) questionnaire. Physical activity data were obtained using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) questionnaire. Sleep duration data were obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: There were a significant relationship between Sugar Sweetened Beverages intake (p = 0.002, OR =5.926), energy intake of SSBs (p = 0.035, OR = 2.979) physical activity (p = 0.035, OR = 0.3111), duration of morning sleep / afternoon (p = 0.000; OR = 9.44) and sleep duration (p = 0.028, OR = 4.42) with central obesity. But there were no significant relationship between energy intake (p = 0.375), carbohydrates (p = 0.1), protein (p = 0.3), fat (p = 0.1) and fibers with central obesity. Conclusion: H igh intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, short duration of night's sleep and the duration>2 hours/day of a long day sleep are risk factors f or increasing the incidence of central obesity among Women in reproductive Age.

BackgroundRecent research provides consistent evidence that the unexplained doubling of childhood asthma prevalence (1980–1995), its continued climb and 2013 plateau, may be associated with the proliferation of high-fructose-corn-syrup (HFCS) in the US food supply. The HFCS used in soft drinks has been shown to contain a higher fructose-to-glucose ratio than previously thought. This coincides with a preference shift from orange to apple juice among young children. Apple juice naturally contains a high (≥2:1) fructose-to-glucose ratio. Thus, children have received high excess-free-fructose doses, the fructose type associated with fructose malabsorption. Unabsorbed excess-free-fructose in the gut may react with dietary proteins to form immunogens that bind asthma mediating receptors, and/or alter the microbiota towards a profile linked to lung disorders. Studies with longitudinal childhood data are lacking. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that excess-free-fructose intake is associated with childhood asthma risk.MethodsCox regression models were used to analyze prospective early childhood data (12–30 months of age) from the National Children’s Study. Intake frequencies for soda/sports/fruit drinks, and 100% juices were used for analyses.ResultsGreater consumption of 100% juice, soda/sports/fruit drinks, and any combination, was associated with ~two (P = 0.001), ~ 2.5 (P = 0.001), and ~ 3.5 times (P ConclusionsGiven these results, prior research and case-study evidence, it is reasonable to suggest that the two-fold higher asthma risk associated with 100% juice consumption is due to apple juice’s high fructose-to-glucose ratio, and that the ~ 2.5/~ 3.5 times higher risk associated with soda/sports/fruit drinks intake is with the excess-free-fructose in HFCS.

We first tested the hypothesis that consuming a high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened soft drink augments kidney vasoconstriction to sympathetic stimulation compared with water ( study 1). In a second study, we examined the mechanisms underlying these observations ( study 2). In study 1, 13 healthy adults completed a cold pressor test, a sympathoexcitatory maneuver, before (preconsumption) and 30 min after drinking 500 mL of decarbonated HFCS-sweetened soft drink or water (postconsumption). In study 2, venous blood samples were obtained in 12 healthy adults before and 30 min after consumption of 500 mL water or soft drinks matched for caffeine content and taste, which were either artificially sweetened (Diet trial), sucrose-sweetened (Sucrose trial), or sweetened with HFCS (HFCS trial). In both study 1 and study 2, vascular resistance was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by blood velocity, which was measured via Doppler ultrasound in renal and segmental arteries. In study 1, HFCS consumption increased vascular resistance in the segmental artery at rest (by 0.5 ± 0.6 mmHg·cm−1·s−1, P = 0.01) and during the cold pressor test (average change: 0.5 ± 1.0 mmHg·cm−1·s−1, main effect: P = 0.05). In study 2, segmental artery vascular resistance increased in the HFCS trial (by 0.8 ± 0.7 mmHg·cm−1·s−1, P = 0.02) but not in the other trials. Increases in serum uric acid were greater in the HFCS trial (0.3 ± 0.4 mg/dL, P ≤ 0.04) compared with the Water and Diet trials, and serum copeptin increased in the HFCS trial (by 0.8 ± 1.0 pmol/L, P = 0.06). These findings indicate that HFCS acutely increases vascular resistance in the kidneys, independent of caffeine content and beverage osmolality, which likely occurs via simultaneous elevations in circulating uric acid and vasopressin.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder characterised by recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort and transit disturbances with heterogeneous pathophysiological mechanisms. The link between food and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms is often reported by patients with IBS and the role of fructose has recently been highlighted. Fructose malabsorption can easily be assessed by hydrogen and/or methane breath test in response to 25 g fructose; and its prevalence is about 22 % in patients with IBS. The mechanism of fructose-related symptoms is incompletely understood. Osmotic load, fermentation and visceral hypersensitivity are likely to participate in GI symptoms in the IBS population and may be triggered or worsened by fructose. A low-fructose diet could be integrated in the overall treatment strategy, but its role and implication in the improvement of IBS symptoms should be evaluated. In the present review, we discuss fructose malabsorption in adult patients with IBS and the interest of a low-fructose diet in order to underline the important role of fructose in IBS.

This study tested the hypotheses that compared to drinking water, consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) attenuates the cutaneous vasodilatory response to local skin heating without (Protocol 1) and following ischemia‐reperfusion injury (Protocol 2). In a randomized, counterbalanced crossover design, 14 healthy adults (25 ± 3 year, 6 women) consumed 500 ml of water (water) or a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with HFCS (Mtn. Dew, DEW). Thirty minutes following beverage consumption local skin heating commenced on the right forearm (Protocol 1), while on the left forearm ischemia‐reperfusion commenced with 20 min of ischemia followed by 20 min of reperfusion and then local skin heating (Protocol 2). Local skin heating involved 40 min of heating to 39℃ followed by 20 min of heating to 44℃. Skin blood flow (SkBf, laser Doppler) data were normalized to mean arterial pressure and are presented as a cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) and as percentage of the CVC response during heating to 44℃ (%CVCmax). Protocol 1: During local heating at 39℃, no differences were observed in CVC (water: 2.0 ± 0.6 PU/mmHg; DEW: 2.0 ± 0.8 PU/mmHg, p = 0.83) or %CVCmax (water: 59 ± 14%; DEW 60 ± 15%, p = 0.84) between trials. Protocol 2: During local skin heating at 39℃, no differences were observed in CVC (water: 1.7 ± 0.5 PU/mmHg; DEW: 1.5 ± 0.5 PU/mmHg, p = 0.33) or %CVCmax (water: 64 ± 15%; DEW 61 ± 15% p = 0.62) between trials. The cutaneous microvascular vasodilator response to local heating with or without prior ischemia‐reperfusion injury is not affected by acute consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with HFCS., We examined the effect of consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup on the cutaneous vasodilatory response to local skin heating without and following ischemia‐reperfusion injury. We identified that the cutaneous microvascular vasodilator response to local heating with or without prior ischemia‐reperfusion injury is not affected by acute consumption of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup.

Several behavioral disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and aggressive behaviors are linked with sugar intake and obesity. The reason(s) for this association has been unclear. Here we present a hypothesis supporting a role for fructose, a component of sugar and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and uric acid (a fructose metabolite), in increasing the risk for these behavioral disorders. Recent studies have shown that the reason fructose intake is strongly associated with development of metabolic syndrome is that fructose intake activates an evolutionary-based survival pathway that stimulates foraging behavior and the storage of energy as fat. While modest intake may aid animals that would like to store fat as a protective response from food shortage or starvation, we propose that high intake of sugar and HFCS causes a hyperactive foraging response that stimulates craving, impulsivity, risk taking and aggression that increases the risk for ADHD, bipolar disease and aggressive behavior. High glycemic carbohydrates and salty foods may also contribute as they can be converted to fructose in the body. Some studies suggest uric acid produced during fructose metabolism may mediate some of these effects. Chronic stimulation of the pathway could lead to desensitization of hedonic responses and induce depression. In conclusion, a hyperactive foraging response driven by high glycemic carbohydrates and sugars may contribute to affective disorders.

The number of patients with diabetes was approximately 463 million worldwide in 2019, with almost 57.6% of this population concentrated in Asia. Asians often develop type 2 diabetes (T2D), even if they are underweight and consume a smaller amount of food. Soft drinks contain large amounts of sweeteners, such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Excessive intake of HFCS drinks is considered to be one of the causes of T2D. In the present study, we investigated the effect of excessive consumption of HFCS–water on glucose tolerance and obesity under conditions of controlled caloric intake using a mouse model. Three-week-old male ICR mice were divided into two groups and given free access to 10% HFCS–water or deionized water. The caloric intake was adjusted to be the same in both groups using a standard rodent diet. The excess HFCS–water intake did not lead to obesity, but led to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) due to insulin-secretion defect. It affected glucose and fructose metabolism, for example, it decreased the expression of glucokinases, ketohexokinase, and glucose transporter 2 in the pancreas. These results suggest that excessive consumption of HFCS drinks, such as soft drinks, without a proper diet, induces nonobese IGT due to insulin-secretion defect.

The supplementation of dietary additives into processed foods has exponentially increased in the past few decades. Similarly, the incidence rates of various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, gut dysbiosis, and hepatocarcinogenesis, have been elevating. Current research reveals that there is a positive association between food additives and these pathophysiological diseases. This review highlights the research published within the past 5 years that elucidate and update the effects of dietary supplements on liver and intestinal health. Some of the key findings include: enterocyte dysfunction of fructose clearance causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-caloric sweeteners are hepatotoxic; dietary emulsifiers instigate gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis; and certain prebiotics can induce cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gut dysbiotic mice. Overall, multiple reports suggest that the administration of purified, dietary supplements could cause functional damage to both the liver and gut. The extraction of bioactive components from natural resources was considered a brilliant method to modulate human health. However, current research highlights that such purified components may negatively affect individuals with microbiotal dysbiosis, resulting in a deeper break of the symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota, which can lead to repercussions on gut and liver health. Therefore, ingestion of these dietary additives should not go without some caution!

Amaç: Bireylerin doğal ve/veya yüksek fruktozlu mısır şurubu olarak günlük diyetle tükettikleri farklı fruktoz miktarlarının antropometrik ölçümler, kan biyokimyasal bulguları ve diğer beslenme parametreleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesidir.Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 90 (41 erkek, 49 kadın) sağlıklı birey (18-65 yıl) üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Bireylerin kişisel özellikleri, fruktoz alımlarını da içeren bazı beslenme alışkanlıkları, beslenme durumları ve fiziksel aktivite durumları belirlenmiş, antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış, bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Bireylerin günlük diyetle fruktoz alım ortalaması 42.3±22.73 g’dır ve erkeklerin (49±26.13 g), kadınlara (36.7±17.85 g) göre daha fazla fruktoz tükettikleri belirlenmiştir (p0.05).Sonuç: Yüksek miktarda fruktoz alımının başta obezite olmak üzere insülin direnci, bozulmuş glukoz toleransı, tip 2 diyabet, hiperlipidemi, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, hiperürisemi, gut ve metabolik sendrom gibi hastalıklar için risk oluşturabileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalı ve günlük diyet enerjisinin %10’dan daha azı meyve gibi doğal fruktoz kaynaklarından sağlanmalıdır.

The consumption of fructose has gained increased attention as a potential cause of hyperuricaemia since fructose metabolism produces urate as a byproduct. In addition to sucrose and high fructose corn syrup, fresh fruits also contain fructose, suggesting that patients with hyperuricaemia or gout might also avoid fresh fruit. However, the effect of fruits is complex. Some studies reported that fruit intake was associated with gout flares while other studies showed that fruits rather lowered the risk for gout. Thus, fruits should not be simply viewed as a source of fructose. The complexity of fruits is accounted for by several nutrients existing in fruits. Vitamin C, epicatechin, flavonols, potassium and fibre are all nutrients in fruits, and these factors could modify fructose and urate effects. In this review, we discuss clinical studies evaluating the effect of fruit and fruit juice intake on hyperuricaemia and gout, and propose potential mechanisms for how fruit may influence urate levels.

The consumption of sugar and sweeteners have been associated with obesity and diabetes, which are public health problems in Mexico. Since 1994, imports of sweeteners for the elaboration of ultra-processed food and beverages increased in the country. This increase in imports may have increased the apparent consumption of sweeteners which could be associated with the implementation of the NAFTA that gradually eliminated tariffs on sugars. However, no study has estimated trends in apparent consumption by type of sugar, and its association with NAFTA in Mexico. Therefore, we analyzed trends in apparent consumption of sugar and sweeteners, and its contribution to energy from 1961 to 2013. We assessed if the gradual implementation of NAFTA in 1994, 1998, 2003 and 2008 was associated with changes in the consumption of sugar and sweeteners in Mexico using the Food Balance Sheet data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. We estimated an interrupted time series analysis with synthetic controls using OECD countries, to assess the association between NAFTA and changes in the type of sugar consumed. We found that between 1961 and 2013, the contribution of sugars to daily energy increased from 243 to 456 (243 to 456 kcal/capita/day). Until 1993, the consumption of sweeteners was 0.20 kg/capita/year and in 2013 reached 12.9 kg/capita/year, representing 20% of total sugar consumption. The consumption of sweeteners increased 2.93 kcal/capita/day after the NAFTA was implemented in 1994. However, there was a reduction in apparent consumption of −2.95 kcal/capita/day between 1998 and 2002, concurrent with the implementation of a 12.5% ad valorem compensatory duty to high fructose corn syrup imports from the US. Consumption increased again 7.7 kcal/capita/day between 2003 and 2007 and up to 10.4 kcal/capita/day after 2008 when the NAFTA was fully implemented. We found a significant increase in the apparent consumption of sweeteners associated with NAFTA but we did not find a conclusive evidence when we estimates total sugars and sweeteners together because we lacked an adequate control group. Sweeteners are mainly used for producing beverages and processed food, so its consumption should be discouraged by improving the existing package of interventions in Mexico, including a 20–30% increase to current taxes that have proven to be effective to reduce sugar sweetened beverages and nonessential energy dense food but whose existing rates are relatively small; improving front of package labelling, monitoring compliance in school regulations for food and beverages sold and improving marketing regulations directed to children.

Production of renewable chemicals to mitigate the deleterious effects of greenhouse gas emissions requires technologies that are cost-competitive with the fossil-fuel industry, require low capital investment, and produce high-value products. We report production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a valuable platform molecule from biomass-derived carbohydrates at high yields (>90%) and with excellent carbon balance (>95%) using an inexpensive solvent system composed of acetone and water. We demonstrate that HMF, a thermally unstable molecule, can be separated from this low boiling solvent system with high recovery (96%) and purity (∼99%). We show that fructose is selectively dehydrated in this solvent system from a mixture of glucose and fructose, a property that can be leveraged to integrate the proposed process with current processes for the production of high fructose corn syrup. Techno-economic analysis indicates that utilizing fructose as feedstock leads to low investment (16 MM$) and produces HMF at a minimum selling price (MSP) of $1710 per ton. The MSP can be further reduced to $1460 per ton by changing the feedstock to glucose.

Introduction: Childhood obesity remains high in prevalence. Sugar-sweetened beverages containing high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) are a common source of excess calories among children and adolescents. Fructose metabolism differs from glucose metabolism, which may also differ from fructose + glucose metabolism in HFCS consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of HFCS ingestion after soft drink consumption in adolescents who are lean, have overweight/obesity, or have type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: Adolescents age 13–19 years were recruited into three groups: lean controls (n = 10), overweight/obese without diabetes (n = 10), or uncomplicated T2DM on metformin monotherapy (n = 5). After an overnight fast, subjects drank 12 ounces of soda containing HFCS. Blood samples were collected at time zero and every 15 min for 120 min to be analyzed for fructose, glucose, and insulin levels. Results: Glucose and fructose concentrations rose quickly in the first 15 min. Fructose, which was very low at baseline, rose to 100–200 μM and remained higher than fasting concentrations even at 120 min in all groups. Glucose increased after soft drink consumption, with the highest concentrations among subjects with T2DM, but returned to baseline fasting levels at 120 min. Insulin levels increased 15 min after soft drink consumption and were the highest in the obese group. Lactate rose non-significantly in all subjects, with no differences between groups. Conclusion: Among adolescents who are lean, overweight/obese, or have T2DM, drinking an HFCS-containing soft drink exposes the liver to fructose. Glucose excursions in T2DM may be impacted by exaggerated glucose cycling, or fructose metabolism to glucose. The context of fructose consumption with or without other carbohydrates is an important consideration in studies of fructose metabolism. Keywords: Obesity, Diabetes, High fructose corn syrup, Glucose

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) intake (20% beverages) impacts antioxidative structures and inflammation in the gingival tissue and masseter muscle of rats. Kefir was tested for its potential utility on changes induced by HFCS. Animals were randomly divided into four groups as control, kefir, HFCS, and HFCS plus kefir. HFCS was given as 20% solutions in drinking water while kefir supplementations were given by gastric gavage for 8 weeks. It has been clearly determined that the HFCS diet increased expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α proinflammatory structures via lymphocyte infiltration by suppressing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in both tissues. Kefir improved these undesirable changes in rats fed with HFCS. The results of this current study, the first investigation to examine the effects of kefir on masseter muscle and gingival tissue, may provide new access to the restorative effects of kefir consumption on oral health disorders caused by high fructose in the diet. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, at an early age, the effects of kefir on improving inflammation via antioxidation in the masseter muscle and gingival tissue were investigated for the first time. We showed that kefir feeding ameliorates lymphocyte infiltration on the high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-induced masseter muscle and gingival tissue inflammation in rats. The mRNA expressions of inflammatory parameters measured in the study were supported by protein measurements via ELISA or immunohistochemistry. In the present study, kefir may play an important role in the antioxidation and inflammation process on the masseter muscle and gingival tissue against HFCS.

We tested the hypothesis that ingestion of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup acutely increases arterial stiffness. In a randomized counterbalanced, crossover design, fourteen healthy adults (25 ± 3 years, 6 women) reported to the laboratory for two experimental visits where 500 ml of tap water (H2O) or 500 ml of Mountain Dew® (a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS)) were consumed. Arterial stiffness (carotid‐to‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV)), peripheral and central blood pressures were measured pre‐consumption, 30 min post‐consumption, and 120 min post‐consumption. Prior to each measurement period, beat‐to‐beat hemodynamic measures were collected. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output from pre‐consumption did not differ between trials at any timepoint (p ≥ 0.06). Moreover, changes in peripheral or central blood pressures from pre‐consumption did not differ between trials (p ≥ 0.84). Likewise, changes in cfPWV from pre‐consumption to 30 min post‐consumption (HFCS: 0.2 ± 0.3 m/s, H2O: 0.0 ± 0.3 m/s, p = 0.34) and 120 min post‐consumption (HFCS: 0.3 ± 0.4 m/s, H2O: 0.2 ± 0.3 m/s, p = 0.77) did not differ. Changes in aortic augmentation pressure, augmentation index, augmentation index corrected to a heart rate of 75 bpm, and reflection magnitude did not differ between conditions at 30 min post‐ (p ≥ 0.55) or 120 min post‐ (p ≥ 0.18) consumption. In healthy young adults, ingesting 500 ml of a commercially available caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup does not acutely change indices of arterial stiffness and wave reflection., This study investigated whether the ingestion of a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup acutely modified arterial stiffness. In a randomized counterbalanced, crossover design, fourteen young healthy adults consumed 500 ml of tap water or a caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup, after which carotid‐to‐femoral pulse wave velocity was measured. This study found that ingesting 500 ml of a commercially available caffeinated soft drink sweetened with high‐fructose corn syrup does not acutely change indices of arterial stiffness.

Context Studies in rodents and humans suggest that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)–sweetened diets promote greater metabolic dysfunction than sucrose-sweetened diets. Objective To compare the effects of consuming sucrose-sweetened beverage (SB), HFCS-SB, or a control beverage sweetened with aspartame on metabolic outcomes in humans. Methods A parallel, double-blinded, NIH-funded study. Experimental procedures were conducted during 3.5 days of inpatient residence with controlled feeding at a research clinic before (baseline) and after a 12-day outpatient intervention period. Seventy-five adults (18-40 years) were assigned to beverage groups matched for sex, body mass index (18-35 kg/m2), and fasting triglyceride, lipoprotein and insulin concentrations. The intervention was 3 servings/day of sucrose- or HFCS-SB providing 25% of energy requirement or aspartame-SB, consumed for 16 days. Main outcome measures were %hepatic lipid, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and Predicted M ISI. Results Sucrose-SB increased %hepatic lipid (absolute change: 0.6 ± 0.2%) compared with aspartame-SB (-0.2 ± 0.2%, P Conclusion Consumption of both sucrose- and HFCS-SB induced detrimental changes in hepatic lipid, insulin sensitivity, and circulating lipids, lipoproteins and uric acid in 2 weeks.

Simple Summary Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important biocontrol agent of several key arthropod pests, such as greenhouse and tobacco whiteflies, the South American tomato pinworm, thrips, plant mites, and other pests in the greenhouse. However, optimizing N. tenuis utilization in the greenhouse to control greenhouse pests such as whiteflies still needs further studies, especially in Japan. Here, we showed that factitious supplementary dietary in the form of Artemia cysts enhanced with high fructose corn syrup and honey, and delivered using a hemp rope could promote N. tenuis proliferation and spread among tomato plants. Nesidiocoris tenuis spread among tomato plants therefore, can maintain whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) eggs and nymph numbers at minimum in the greenhouse conditions. Abstract Natural predators such as Nesidiocoris tenuis are known for their role in managing greenhouse pests. However, techniques in maximizing the biological control potential of N. tenuis under field conditions are still lacking. We evaluated under greenhouse conditions the prospects of Artemia cysts enhanced with high fructose corn syrup and honey, and delivered using hemp strings (hemp rope) as supplementary factitious dietary in augmenting the proliferation and spread of N. tenuis on tomato plants. Results showed that N. tenuis supplemented with hemp rope could establish, proliferate and disperse among tomato plants compared to the N. tenuis supplemented with banker plants. Even though N. tenuis proliferated exponentially on banker plants, their movement and relocation to tomato plants, as expected, were only congested on tomato plants near the banker plants. However, as the survey continued, they relocated to the rest of the tomato plants. Furthermore, the number of Bemisia tabaci eggs and nymphs, a serious greenhouse pest of tomato, was observed to be significantly reduced in hemp rope greenhouse compared to banker plants and the negative control (no pest control system) greenhouses. This study, therefore, establishes foundational data on the usage of Artemia cysts enhanced with isomerized sugar (high fructose corn syrup) and honey under greenhouse conditions as factitious supplementary dietary in supporting N. tenuis establishment and spread, traits that are essential towards development of whitefly Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system. enhanced with isomerized sugar (high fructose corn syrup) and honey.

Introducción: Argentina es uno de los países con mayor consumo de bebidas azucaradas en el mundo. El consumo elevado de estas bebidas se asocia con el desarrollo de sobrepeso, obesidad y otros factores de riesgo cardiometabólico, efectos atribuidos a su alto contenido de fructosa. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: validar un método específico, accesible y económico para la determinación de fructosa y glucosa en bebidas azucaradas, evaluar su contenido en refrescos comercializados en Argentina y comparar los resultados obtenidos con las declaraciones de los rótulos nutricionales. Material y Métodos: Se seleccionó un método enzimático-colorimétrico comercial desarrollado para su uso en la industria alimentaria. El método se validó por primera vez para la determinación de fructosa y glucosa en bebidas azucaradas, mediante la determinación del sesgo, la recuperación, la repetibilidad y la reproductibilidad interna. El contenido de fructosa y glucosa se evaluó en treinta bebidas azucaradas. Los resultados obtenidos se contrastaron con la información del rótulo nutricional. Resultados: Todos los parámetros obtenidos en el protocolo de validación indican que el método es adecuado para su utilización en la determinación de fructosa y glucosa en bebidas azucaradas. El contenido de fructosa varió entre 2,2g y 14,3g por porción, mientras que el de glucosa varió entre 1,7g y 10,5g por porción. En el 83% de las bebidas analizadas, el jarabe de maíz de alta fructosa fue el único edulcorante utilizado en la formulación. En el 75% de las bebidas endulzadas exclusivamente con jarabe de maíz de alta fructosa, se encontró una relación fructosa:glucosa mayor a lo esperado para el uso de jarabe de maíz de alta fructosa-55. Conclusiones: El método enzimático-colorimétrico resulta adecuado para la determinación de fructosa y glucosa en bebidas azucaradas. El mismo presenta la ventaja de ser específico, económico y de no requerir equipamiento sofisticado., Introduction: Argentina is one of the countries with the highest consumption of sugary drinks in the world. The high consumption of these drinks is associated with the development of overweight, obesity and other cardio-metabolic risk factors, effects attributed to their high fructose content. The objectives of this work were: to validate a specific, accessible and inexpensive method for the determination of fructose and glucose in sugary drinks, to evaluate their content in soft drinks marketed in Argentina and to compare the results obtained with the declarations of the nutritional labels. Material and Methods: A commercial enzymatic-colorimetric method developed for use in the food industry was selected. The method was validated for the first time for the determination of fructose and glucose in sugary drinks, by determining bias, recovery, repeatability, and internal reproducibility. The fructose and glucose content was evaluated in thirty sugary drinks. The results obtained were contrasted with the information on the nutritional label. Results: All the parameters obtained in the validation protocol indicate that the method is suitable for use in the determination of fructose and glucose in sugary drinks. Fructose content ranged between 2.2g and 14.3g per serving, while glucose content ranged between 1.7g and 10.5g per serving. In 83% of the beverages tested, high fructose corn syrup was the only sweetener used in the formulation. In 75% of the drinks sweetened exclusively with high fructose corn syrup, a higher fructose:glucose ratio was found than expected for the use of high fructose-55 corn syrup. Conclusions: The enzymatic-colorimetric method is suitable for the determination of fructose and glucose in sugary drinks. It has the advantage of being specific, economical and of not requiring sophisticated equipment., Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata

Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (&Delta, ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131, BMI 18&ndash, 35 kg/m2, 18&ndash, 40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23&ndash, 28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The &Delta, body weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p &lt, 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (&minus, 4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (&minus, 14 ng/mL &times, 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL &times, 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0, p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The &Delta, ad libitum food intake and &Delta, body weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB.

We recently reported on fixed-path length laser-induced sound pinging (FPL-LISP) as a rapid photoacoustic technique employing an inexpensive benchtop tattoo-removal laser for reliably determining the speed of sound in low-volume fluids. In this contribution, we demonstrate the capacity of FPL-LISP to analyze representative commercial beverages for their natural or artificial sweetener contents. As a benchmark, the speed of sound was determined for solutions of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), mock high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55), and 12 household sweeteners (culinary sugars, syrups, honey, molasses) across the concentration range of 1-20% w/v in water, simulating the typical sweetener range found in commercial soft drinks. The setup was then employed to estimate sweetener contents of 26 popular commercial beverages using the HFCS-55 standard curve as a training data set. Our results are remarkably consistent with the label values for these representative commercial beverages, in spite of the fact that some beverages clearly employ a sweetener other than HFCS-55 or a proprietary blend, suggesting the excellent potential of the FPL-LISP setup as a quick screening tool well-suited to quality control and real-time assessment in the beverage and fermentation industrial sectors. The proposed approach represents a significant improvement over many existing methods on the basis of measurement time (down to 1 s, which can be considered real time for many applications), lenient sample requirements (tens of microliters to 1 mL), robust and user-friendly analysis, practical considerations (e.g., economical, minimal service and maintenance concerns), and prospects for advancing both online monitoring and fully portable versions of this instrumentation.

Adolescence is a critical period of development, during which the brain undergoes rapid maturation. Problematically, adolescents are the top consumers of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) sweetened beverages and snacks, which may have neurodevelopmental consequences. While HFCS consumption has been linked to an increased likelihood of obesity and other physical health impairments, the link between HFCS and persistent behavioral changes is not yet fully established. The present study aimed to assess whether adolescent HFCS consumption could lead to alterations in adult behaviors and protein expression, following cessation. Adolescent HFCS-exposure contributed to deficits in learning and motivation on an effort-related T-Maze procedure, as well as increased immobility time in the forced swim paradigm during adulthood. Molecularly, protracted decreases in accumbal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and protein kinase G (PKG), as well as increases in tyrosine hydroxylase and GluA2 receptor subunits, were observed following HFCS-exposure. Taken together, these data suggest that adolescent HFCS-consumption leads to protracted dysfunction in affective behaviors and alterations in accumbal proteins which persist following cessation of HFCS-consumption.

This review was written on behalf of the Iberoamerican AGE Group., The present review aims to give dietary recommendations to reduce the occurrence of the Maillard reaction in foods and in vivo to reduce the body’s advanced glycation/lipoxidation end products (AGE/ALE) pool. A healthy diet, food reformulation and good culinary practices may be feasible for achieving the goal. A varied diet rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, non-added sugar beverages containing inhibitors of the Maillard reaction, and foods prepared by steaming and poaching as culinary techniques is recommended. Intake of supplements and novel foods with low sugars, low fats, enriched in bioactive compounds from food and waste able to modulate carbohydrate metabolism and reduce body’s AGE/ALE pool is also recommended. In conclusion, the recommendations made for healthy eating by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and Harvard University seem to be adequate to reduce dietary AGE/ALE, the body’s AGE/ALE pool and to achieve sustainable nutrition and health., The SUSCOFFEE (AGL 2014-57239-R) and ALIBIRD-CM (S2013/ABI-2728) projects funded the present review. The project ‘Nuevos conocimientos para la sostenibilidad del sector cafetero’ funded by CSIC (201970E117) also funded the present review.

BackgroundFructose consumption increases risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. It is assumed that the effects of free sugars on risk factors are less potent because they contain less fructose. We compared the effects of consuming fructose, glucose or their combination, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), on cardiometabolic risk factors.MethodsAdults (18-40 years; BMI 18-35 kg/m2) participated in a parallel, double-blinded dietary intervention during which beverages sweetened with aspartame, glucose (25% of energy requirements (ereq)), fructose or HFCS (25% and 17.5% ereq) were consumed for two weeks. Groups were matched for sex, baseline BMI and plasma lipid/lipoprotein concentrations. 24-h serial blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of intervention. Primary outcomes were 24-h triglyceride AUC, LDL-cholesterol (C), and apolipoprotein (apo)B. Interactions between fructose and glucose were assessed post hoc.Findings145 subjects (26.0 ± 5.8 years; body mass index 25.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed the study. As expected, the increase of 24-h triglycerides compared with aspartame was highest during fructose consumption (25%: 6.66 mmol/Lx24h 95% CI [1.90 to 11.63], P = 0.0013 versus aspartame), intermediate during HFCS consumption (25%: 4.68 mmol/Lx24h 95% CI [-0.18 to 9.55], P = 0.066 versus aspartame) and lowest during glucose consumption. In contrast, the increase of LDL-C was highest during HFCS consumption (25%: 0.46 mmol/L 95% CI [0.16 to 0.77], P = 0.0002 versus aspartame) and intermediate during fructose consumption (25%: 0.33 mmol/L 95% CI [0.03 to 0.63], P = 0.023 versus aspartame), as was the increase of apoB (HFCS-25%: 0.108 g/L 95%CI [0.032 to 0.184], P = 0.001; fructose 25%: 0.072 g/L 95%CI [-0.004 to 0.148], P = 0.074 versus aspartame). The post hoc analyses showed significant interactive effects of fructose*glucose on LDL-C and apoB (both P

BackgroundResearchers have sought to explain the black-white coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality disparity that increased from near parity to ~ 30% between 1980 and 2010. Contributing factors include cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment disparities attributable to disparities in insurance coverage. Recent research suggests that dietary/environmental factors may be contributors to the disparity. Unabsorbed/luminal fructose alters gut bacterial load, composition and diversity. There is evidence that such microbiome disruptions promote hypertension and atherosclerosis. The heart-gut axis may, in part, explain the black-white CHD disparity, as fructose malabsorption prevalence is higher among African Americans. Between 1980 and 2010, consumption of excess-free-fructose–the fructose type that triggers malabsorption-exceeded dosages associated with fructose malabsorption (~ 5 g–10 g), as extrapolated from food availability data before subjective, retroactively-applied loss adjustments. This occurred due to an industrial preference shift from sucrose to high-fructose-corn-syrup (HFCS) that began ~ 1980. During this period, HFCS became the main sweetener in US soda. Importantly, there has been more fructose in HFCS than thought, as the fructose-to-glucose ratio in popular sodas (1.9-to-1 and 1.5-to-1) has exceeded generally-recognized-as-safe levels (1.2-to-1). Most natural foods contain a ~ 1-to-1 ratio. In one recent study, ≥5 times/wk. consumers of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks/and apple juice-high excess-free-fructose beverages–were more likely to have CHD, than seldom/never consumers.MethodsJackson-Heart-Study data of African Americans was used to test the hypothesis that regular relative to low/infrequent intake of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks increases CHD risk, but not orange juice-a low excess-free-fructose juice. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios using prospective data of 3407–3621 participants, aged 21–93 y (mean 55 y).ResultsAfrican Americans who consumed HFCS sweetend soda 5-6x/wk. or any combination of HFCS sweetened soda and/or fruit drinks ≥3 times/day had ~ 2 (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03–4.20,P = 0.041) and 2.5–3 times higher CHD risk (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.15–7.76;P = 0.025), respectively, than never/seldom consumers, independent of confounders. There were no associations with diet-soda or 100% orange-juice, which has a similar glycemic profile as HFCS sweetened soda, but contains a ~ 1:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio.ConclusionThe ubiquitous presence of HFCS in the food supply may pre-dispose African Americans to increased CHD risk.

Rodent studies demonstrate that compared with diets sweetened with sucrose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) produces greater metabolic dysfunction. However, the effects of sustained consumption of HFCS and sucrose have not been adequately compared in humans. The objective of this study was to compare HFCS-, sucrose-, or aspartame- sweetened beverage (-SB) consumption on hepatic lipid content and insulin sensitivity in young adults. In a parallel, double-blinded study, adult men and women (18-40 yrs) were assigned to beverage groups matched for sex, BMI and fasting triglycerides. Inpatient magnetic resonance imaging for hepatic lipid content and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline and intervention 15 days later. For 12 outpatient days subjects consumed their usual diets with 3 servings/day of HFCS- (n=28) or sucrose-SB (n=24) providing 25% energy requirement (Ereq), or aspartame-SB (n=23). Matched standardized diets were provided during inpatient testing with the sugar in beverages replacing complex carbohydrate during intervention. Hepatic lipid content was increased by consumption of HFCS-SB (LS means of absolute Δ±SEM: 0.5%±0.2, P Consumption of SB providing 25% of Ereq as HFCS or sucrose for 2 weeks increased hepatic lipid content and reduced insulin sensitivity in young adults compared with consumption of aspartame-SB. Disclosure D. Sigala: None. B. Hieronimus: None. C. Price: None. V. Lee: None. M. Nunez: None. V. Medici: None. A.J. Chaudhari: None. J.P. McGahan: None. Y. Abdelhafez: None. N.L. Keim: None. M.I. Goran: Advisory Panel; Self; Yumi. Other Relationship; Self; Penguin Random House. G. Pacini: None. A. Tura: None. P.J. Havel: Research Support; Self; Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Magnamosis, Inc. Other Relationship; Self; None. K.L. Stanhope: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01HL091333, R01HL107256)

GLP-1 analogues (GLP-1a) may change sweet food preferences but the neural mechanisms are not fully understood. We studied the effect of GLP-1a on neural responses to drinking high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) using fMRI in 5 lean (LN, BMI 21kg/m2, mean age 21, A1c 5.3%) and 7 obese (OB, BMI 38, age 26, A1c 5.5%) subjects. The OB group had a second fMRI after 3-mos treatment with liraglutide 3.0 mg daily. Food intake was evaluated by dietary recall. At baseline, OB group had increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in regions implicated in reward/motivation (putamen) and taste perception (insula) vs. LN (p=.05). However, the OB group’s responses to HFCS changed markedly after 3-mos GLP-1a treatment. As shown in the Figure, CBF in OB group increased in regions related to impulse control (anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex), taste perception (insula), and thalamus. It is also noteworthy that CBF did not increase in the reward/motivation region (putamen) during liraglutide treatment. Changes in neural responses to HFCS intake during GLP-1a treatment were accompanied by a 1080 kcal/d decrease in food intake (p50% decrease in daily sugar intake. These preliminary data suggest decreased food and sugar intake induced by GLP-1a may be related to neural mechanisms that promote impulse control while simultaneously suppressing dysregulated reward responses following sugar intake. Disclosure K. Joseph: None. J. Leventhal: None. S. Hwang: None. M. Knight: None. D. Seo: None. C. Lacadie: None. M.A. Van Name: None. S. Caprio: None. J. Sherr: Advisory Panel; Self; Bigfoot Biomedical, Cecelia Health. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Sanofi, T1D Exchange. W.V. Tamborlane: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi US. Other Relationship; Self; Eisai Inc., MannKind Corporation. R. Sinha: None. A.M. Jastreboff: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Rhythm Pharmaceuticals. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-18-JDF-003 to A.M.J.)

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study is; to examine the knowledge and attitudes of individuals about ready-to food consumption and food products containing high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Study design Research in the city center in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey was held with 18 individuals over the age of two shoppers at the supermarket. Methods The study is a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The research was conducted between 15.09.2018 and 30.03.2019. Data were collected from 254 individuals using face-to-face interview technique. The questionnaire form consisted of questions created by the researcher to determine socio-demographic variables as well as information about ready-made food intake and foods containing high fructose corn syrup. Results The suitability of the questionnaire for factor analysis was evaluated with the “Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin coefficient” and “Bartlett Sphericity Test”. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the 21-item survey form explains 52% of the total variance. The questionnaire items consist of four factors. Cronbach's Alpha reliability of the questionnaire is 0.860 on the whole. In the sub-factors; The first factor was 0.859, the second factor was 0.764, the third factor was 0.652, and the fourth factor was 0.616. The findings obtained in the study were analyzed using the Independent Sample t Test, One Way Anova test, Mann Whitney U test and Tukey test. SPSS 21, USA was used to analyze the study. It was determined that the average age of the participants was 31.3 ± 11.7, the rate of paying attention to ingredients and nutritional values while purchasing ready-made foods was low, and 1/4 of them did not pay attention to high fructose corn syrup in their content. There was a significant correlation between the age and employment status of the participants and their knowledge and attitudes about the foods containing corn syrup (p Conclusion It was concluded that individuals should be educated about health risks while purchasing ready-made food products and should be more informed about foods containing HFCS. It is recommended that the questionnaire used in the study be tested in different sample groups in order to increase its validity and reliability evidence.