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Stereo matching in binocular endoscopic scenarios is difficult due to the radiometric distortion caused by restricted light conditions. Traditional matching algorithms suffer from poor performance in challenging areas, while deep learning ones are limited by their generalizability and complexity. We introduce a non-deep learning cost volume generation method whose performance is close to a deep learning algorithm, but with far less computation. To deal with the radiometric distortion problem, the initial cost volume is constructed using two radiometric invariant cost metrics, the histogram of gradient angle and amplitude descriptors. Then we propose a new cross-scale propagation framework to improve the matching reliability in small homogenous regions without increasing the running time. The experimental results on the Middlebury Version 3 Benchmark show that the performance of the combination of our method and Local-Expansion, an optimization algorithm, ranks top among non-deep learning algorithms. Other quantitative experimental results on a surgical endoscopic dataset and our binocular endoscope show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is at the millimeter level which is comparable to the accuracy of deep learning algorithms. In addition, our method is 65 times faster than its deep learning counterpart in terms of cost volume generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Bey v. City of New York — a recent Second Circuit case where four Black firefights suffering from Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (a skin condition causing irritation when shaving which mostly affects Black men) challenged the New York City Fire Department's Clean Shave Policy — with an intersectional approach utilizing legal theories of racial, disability, and religious discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the context of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has a high incidence owing to undefined pathogenesis. Identifying key genes and exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the conversion of OSF into OSCC are in urgent need. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OSCC and OSF were dug from GEO databases and a total of 170 DEGs were acquired. Functional association of DEGs were analyzed by GO and KEGG. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) analysis was carried out and candidate biomarkers were identified by Gene co-expression analysis and Cox analyses. Hub genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR in tissues and cell lines, of which we found that IRF4 mRNA was successively up-regulated from Normal to OSF and then to OSCC and associated with immune infiltrating levels. In addition, Immunohistochemical (IHC) and Immunofluorescence (IF) assays were conducted to validate the consistent upregulation of IRF4 and the oncogene role of IRF4 in OSF and OSCC at translation level. IRF4 may be indicative biomarker in transformation of OSF into OSCC. High IRF4 expression contribute to increased immune infiltration of OSCC and may provide a novel diagnostic marker for OSCC patients translated from OSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on developments in Clean Shave Policy Discrimination litigation especially cases where Black plaintiffs suffer from Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (PFB). It mentions challenges to Clean Shave Policy litigation such as the interaction of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with other binding federal regulations like Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) rules.

This paper proposed and tested an integrated textual–visual–geo framework to enhance social sensing techniques in smart city digital twins in the context of disasters. Effective and efficient disaster response and recovery require reliable situational awareness regarding infrastructure disruptions and their societal impacts. Due to the rapid unfolding and evolution of events in disasters and emergencies, typical data sensing techniques (such as remote sensing and satellite images) are not sufficient to gain reliable situational awareness about disruptions that affect communities at a local scale. Social sensing enables gathering and analyzing massive user-generated data from various sources (social media, in particular) to monitor unfolding of localized events such as infrastructure disruptions and community needs. To advance social sensing methods and their integration into digital twins of cities, this study proposes an integrated framework for detecting infrastructure disruptions based on three information elements embedded in social media content: images, texts, and geo-maps. The framework consists of three main methods: a graph-based approach for detecting critical tweets, an image-ranking algorithm for selecting important images, and a kernel density estimate for estimating the geographical scales of the disruptions. The application of the proposed framework was demonstrated in a case study of water release from flood control reservoirs in Houston during Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The findings illustrate the capabilities of the proposed framework for capturing the critical situational information and interpreting the results for situational awareness and disruption response. The proposed framework can enhance integration of social sensing elements into smart city digital twins in the context of disasters. Accordingly, the proposed framework can improve the ability of community members, volunteer responders, residents, and other stakeholders in coping with built environment disruptions in disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave heating is different from furnace heating in terms of heat transfer direction and heating mechanism. The torrefaction with microwave or furnace heating might further impact evolution of the pyrolytic products in further pyrolysis. This was investigated herein via thermal pretreatment of sawdust at 150 to 250 °C and the subsequent pyrolysis at 600 °C. The results showed that the microwave pretreatment led to more pronounced pyrolysis at 200/250 °C, which enhanced aromatic degree of semi-char and created difficulty for its further cracking in pyrolysis at 600 °C but not affected gasification. This led to the formation of more biochar and much more gases but less bio-oil with less heavy components than that from furnace heating plus pyrolysis. Additionally, the microwave pretreatment could enhance deoxygenation but the enhanced aromatic degree of the semi-char created difficulty for creating micropores and development of the pore structures (176.2 m2g−1 with 67.3% micropores from microwave pretreatment versus 441.1 m2g−1 with 78.5% micropores from furnace pretreatment). The characterization of the pyrolysis of semi-char with in-situ IR technique confirmed that the microwave pretreatment substantially removed the aliphatic structures and made the biochar with more fragmented morphology. [Display omitted] • Microwave pretreatment (MP) at 200/250 °C induces aromatization of semi-char. • MP forms more biochar/gases but less bio-oil than furnace pretreatment (FP) in semi-char pyrolysis. • MP at 250 °C hinders formation of micropores in pyrolysis but forms more mesopores. • In-situ DRIFTS measurement indicates less aliphatic structures in semi-char from MP. • MP plus pyrolysis lead to biochar of more fragmented morphologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operational stability of chloroperoxidase (CPO) was considerably enhanced by coupling with glucose oxidase (GOx) because H 2 O 2 could be generated in situ from glucose and oxygen. In this paper, a CPO–GOx nanoreactor was fabricated on the surface of Au@Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles through layer-by-layer assembly using the specific avidin–biotin interaction. The X-ray diffraction data indicated the presence of both Fe and Au in the Au@Fe 3 O 4 carrier. The Au@Fe 3 O 4 displayed a uniform core/shell nanostructure, whereas the nanoparticles of the bienzymatic reactor were larger than the carrier. The catalytic activity of CPO was highly dependent on the structure of the enzymatic nanoreactor. The activity of Au@Fe 3 O 4 –GOx (inner)–CPO (outer) was 15.5% higher than that of Au@Fe 3 O 4 –CPO (inner)–GOx (outer). Moreover, Au@Fe 3 O 4 –GOx–CPO exhibited better thermostability. Au@Fe 3 O 4 –GOx–CPO retained 53.2% of its initial activity after incubation for 1.0 h at 60 °C and 30.4% of its initial activity after 18 h at 50 °C. Au@Fe 3 O 4 –GOx–CPO had good reusability. It retained more than 62.4% of its activity after the 12th cycle. This was attributed to the cage-like structure in Au@Fe 3 O 4 –GOx–CPO, which could effectively prevent the removal of the enzyme molecules from the carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An inorganic–organic hybrid material with hierarchical mesoporous structure was prepared by involving lentinan (LTN) into CaCO 3 crystal using a simple method at mild condition. The characterization of CaCO 3 –LTN hybrid materials indicated that it has higher surface area, more adsorption sites and better dispersion in water compared to bare CaCO 3 crystal due to rich organic ligands of LTN and hierarchical structure. CaCO 3 –LTN hybrid materials was applied to the removal of triphenylmethyl dyes (TPMs) including crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG) and aniline blue (AB). A powerful adsorption capability of the hybrid materials to dyes was observed, and moreover, it was found that a very rapid and efficient oxidative degradation of dyes by H 2 O 2 can be achieved in the assist of CaCO 3 –LTN hybrid materials due to the reactants concentrated into its plentiful and negative charged pores. CV, MG, and AB can be complete decolorized by H 2 O 2 + CaCO 3 –LTN after 30 min, 10 min, and 2 min, respectively. Moreover, cation dyes, besides TPMs, were also suitable to be treated by this H 2 O 2 + CaCO 3 –LTN system. These results ensure the CaCO 3 –LTN hybrid material a promising candidate for treatment of effluent of textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of Raman spectroscopy and the expansion of its application domains, conventional methods for spectral data analysis have manifested many limitations. Exploring new approaches to facilitate Raman spectroscopy and analysis has become an area of intensifying focus for research. It has been demonstrated that machine learning techniques can more efficiently extract valuable information from spectral data, creating unprecedented opportunities for analytical science. This paper outlines traditional and more recently developed statistical methods that are commonly used in machine learning (ML) and ML‐algorithms for different Raman spectroscopy‐based classification and recognition applications. The methods include Principal Component Analysis, K‐Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine, as well as neural network‐based deep learning algorithms such as Artificial Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks, etc. The bulk of the review is dedicated to the research advances in machine learning applied to Raman spectroscopy from several fields, including material science, biomedical applications, food science, and others, which reached impressive levels of analytical accuracy. The combination of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning offers unprecedented opportunities to achieve high throughput and fast identification in many of these application fields. The limitations of current studies are also discussed and perspectives on future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoTiO 3 nanocrystallites with an average diameter of 40 nm were prepared by the sol–gel method using C 10 H 16 N 2 O 8 (EDTA) as the chelating agent. The thermal decomposition process and chemical bonding of the precursor were studied by thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectra, respectively. The as-prepared nanocrystallites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of calcination temperature, sol pH and chelating agent on the formation of CoTiO 3 were investigated. The results show that calcination temperature is a key factor controlling the composition of the products. Acid sol is the optimum condition for hydrolysis and polycondensation of Ti(OC 4 H 9 ) 4 . Co 2+ and Ti 4+ were bonded together by EDTA, and pure CoTiO 3 nanocrystallites were obtained due to this chelating effect. The chelating mechanism and the formation process of CoTiO 3 in the sol–gel process were proposed. Furthermore, the nano-CoTiO 3 was applied to make a gas sensor, and the response value to 104 ppm ethanol was 17.9, response time and the recovery time were 13 s and 10 s, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Biotransformation of cyclohexene catalyzed by chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago was employed to prepare value-added oxygenated derivative: trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol (CHD) using H2O2 as oxidants. The conversion of substrate was enhanced to 89.2% in the presence of small quantities of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) compared to that of only 48.1% in aqueous phosphate buffer after 150min. The enhancement was dependent on the concentration and alkyl group length of QAS. QAS were found playing multiple functions in reaction media: phase transfer catalysis and tuning the composition of product. UV–vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectral assay were employed to investigate the effect of QAS on micro-environment around active center and structure of protein. The strengthening of α-helix structure of CPO and more exposure heme for easily access of substrate was found responsible for the improvement of catalytic performance of CPO. Moreover, the determined kinetic parameters indicated the affinity and selectivity of CPO to substrate was improved according to the observation of a decrease of Michaelis constant K m while an increase of the second order rate constants k cat/K m. The strategy reported in this work is environment-friendly, straightforward and applicable to large scale preparation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The chlorination and oxidation activity of chloroperoxidase (CPO) was enhanced 32 and 20% by chitosan, and oxidation activity 24% by thioglycolic acid, respectively. The pH optimum of chlorination reaction shifted 3 units to a less acidic environment by chitosan (from 2.75 to 5.75). The kinetic parameters indicated both the affinity and specificity of CPO to substrate were improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to evaluate the cesium-induced toxic functional changes in organisms, transmembrane activities of cesium 5-sulfosalicylate (Cs(H2Ssal)) into human erythrocyte in vitro is presented in this paper, including kinetic characteristic of transport process and pathways involved in it. The uptake amount of Cs(H2Ssal) by erythrocyte was determined both by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) and spectrofluorimetry. The pathways of Cs(H2Ssal) transporting into erythrocyte are proposed according to inhibition investigation. The influence of Cs(H2Ssal) on morphological properties of erythrocytes was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determined the endurable concentration extent of erythrocytes to Cs(H2Ssal). Results show that transmembrane of Cs(H2Ssal) has characteristic of first-order kinetic process during the first 2h, and four pathways were involved in its transporting activities: Ca2+ channel, Na+-K+ pump, Na+-Cs+ countertransport, and anion Cl−/CsCO3 − exchange. The transmembrane process of Cs(H2Ssal) can both prevent the uptake of K+ and induces abnormal accumulation of extracellular K+ as well as occupy some K+-binding sites in protein, causing some tissues losing their activities and functions. Only high concentrations of Cs(H2Ssal) could change morphological properties of erythrocytes greatly and cause hemolysis eventually. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Gibbs energy interaction parameters of RbCl with some monosaccharides (d-glucose, d-galactose, d-xylose, and d-arabinose) in water, g ES, were obtained from electromotive force (emf) measurements of the electrochemical cell without liquid junction and containing two ion-selective electrodes (ISE): K-ISE∣RbCl(m E)∣ISE-Cl and K-ISE∣RbCl(m E),saccharide (m S)∣ISE-Cl, at 298.15K. The enthalpy interaction parameters of RbCl with these monosaccharides in water, h ES, are determined according to the McMillan–Mayer theory from the measurements of the enthalpies of mixing of aqueous RbCl solutions with aqueous monosaccharide solutions, as well as the enthalpies of dilution of RbCl and monosaccharide solutions in pure water at 298.15K by a calorimetric method. Furthermore, the entropy interaction parameters, sES, can be evaluated through g ES and h ES. The results suggest that the electrostatic interactions of these monosaccharides with RbCl in water are predominant compared with structural interactions, and these parameters are controlled primarily by the stereochemical structure of the monosaccharides in water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Electromotive force (emf) of the chemical cell without liquid-junction K-ISE | RbCl/CsCl ( m E) | ISE-Cl and K-ISE | RbCl/CsCl (m E), amide (m N) | ISE-Cl, have been measured at 298.15 K, where m E =(0.005 to 0.5) mol kg−1 and m N= (0.05 to 3.0) mol kg−1. The activity coefficients of RbCl/CsCl in amide (acetamide, propanamide, and n-butanamide)+water mixture can be obtained from these electromotive force data and in the mean time the Gibbs free energy interaction parameters of RbCl/CsCl+amide pair in water, g EN, as well as the salt constant, k S, can be evaluated. The results show that both g EN >0, k S >0 at 298.15 K, and all the activity coefficients of electrolyte in amide+water mixture increase with increasing the m N, but it is a little complicated for the dependence of activity coefficients on m E. These thermodynamic parameters were discussed in terms of a model of the structural interaction and electrostatic interaction and the dependence of them on the number of carbon atoms in amide as well as the radius of metal ions were interpreted by the group additivity principle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Density measurements have been carried out at T=298.15 K for the CsCl–monosaccharide (d-galactose, d-xylose and d-arabinose)–water systems. The apparent molar volume of saccharides Vφ,S in the ternary solutions, the corresponding infinite dilution apparent molar volume Vφ,S∘, and the standard transfer volume ΔtVφ,S∘ of saccharides from water to aqueous CsCl solutions have been determined. The McMillan–Mayer theory was employed to relate the excess thermodynamic functions to a series of interaction parameters to obtain the volumetric interaction parameters of CsCl with monosaccharide in water. These parameters are interpreted by the group additivity principle and the stereochemistry of these monosaccharide molecules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sulfoxides are remarkably useful in asymmetric synthesis and drug development. Herein, we propose a new electroenzymatic cascade route to selectively synthesize methyl phenyl sulfoxide rather than methyl phenyl sulfone by the oxidation of thioanisole. Chloroperoxidase (CPO) functionalized with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (ILEMB) is encapsulated into dendritic N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres (NMCNs) modified with polyethyleneimine (NMCNs-PEI) to form a biohybrid (CPO-ILEMB@NMCNs-PEI). The in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) species by the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e−ORR) on NMCNs-PEI initiates the subsequent selective oxidation of thioanisole by CPO-ILEMB. NMCNs-PEI shows not only high electroactivity for the 2e−ORR but also good biocompatibility for CPO-ILEMB immobilization. The mesopores in NMCNs-PEI can provide a protective space for the encapsulated enzyme, ensuring the operational stability of the enzyme and avoiding the escape of H2O2, which result in high catalytic activity. The experimental results suggest that the catalytic efficiency of the electroenzymatic cascade system with the CPO-ILEMB@NMCNs-PEI biohybrid is up to 4.5 times higher than that of the free CPO-ILEMB catalytic system with H2O2 generated by NMCNs-PEI for the oxidation of thioanisole to produce methyl phenyl sulfoxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has drawn significant attention due to its intriguing properties. Recent advances have encouraged the use of one-dimensional electron gas for high-performance functional devices. Here, we develop a universal method of atomic force microscope tip etching to construct a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) channel on the STO surface. Ar+ ion beam is used to bombard the SrTiO3 surface for inducing the Q1D electron gas (Q1DEG). Compared with 2DEG, Q1DEG exhibits a significant enhancement in terms of photoconductivity. At room temperature, it exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity to ambient light with increase in photocurrent by over five orders of magnitude. A slow response to the ON/OFF light indicates persistent photoconductivity (PPC), originating from the defect levels. Furthermore, we investigate the wavelength dependence of PPC in Q1DEG. It is found that decreasing wavelength favors photoresponsivity and prolongs the response time. Based on the electron diffusion process in the oxygen-deficient region, a mechanism has been proposed to explain the advantages of Q1DEG over 2DEG in regard to photoelectric response. This work paves a path for the development of high-performance photoelectric devices based on Q1D electronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterostructures combining 2D layered material and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the surface or interfaces of complex oxides may exhibit abundant and interesting physical properties. In this paper, we report the development and photoelectrical properties of a p-n heterojunction composed of a p-type 2D layered material WSe2 and n-type 2DEG at the LaAlO3/KTaO3 interface. The WSe2 flake was first fabricated by mechanical exfoliation and then integrated with 2DEG at the LaAlO3/KTaO3 interface obtained using pulsed laser deposition. The WSe2/2DEG heterostructure shows good rectifying behavior with a low leakage current at room temperature. Additionally, compared with oxide 2DEG, the WSe2/2DEG heterostructure exhibits greatly enhanced visible-light photoresponse. The results imply that the 2D heterostructures based on disparate material systems can be realized and demonstrate potential applications in nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics, which are of great scientific and technological significances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zero-bandgap properties of graphene (Gr) limit its various applications. Fluorination is an alternative strategy to open the bandgap to broaden its applications. However, traditional fluorination methods are detrimental to human health and contribute extensively to environmental pollution. Here, we develop a simple and safe process of weak fluorination that introduces fluorine atoms into Gr, breaking its zero-bandgap structure. This strategy is more environmentally friendly, risk-free, and harmless to humans, making it suitable for large-scale production. Through this highly controllable weak fluorination process, micro-area selective fluorination is achieved and induces excellent photoluminescence characteristics but maintains a high mobility, compared to the pristine Gr with zero bandgap. The degree of fluorination determines the photoelectric and transport properties of Gr. This work provides an experimental foundation for developing materials based on fluorinated graphene and designing high-performance functional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure is formed by combining multiple materials through vdW bonds. It can combine the advantages of electronic, optical, thermal, and magnetic properties of different 2D materials and has the potential to develop into the next generation of high‐performance functional devices. Herein, the current research advances of vdW heterostructures are reviewed. First, current fabrication methods and physical structures of vdW heterostructures are summarized. The 2D/nD (n = 0,1,2,3) mixed‐dimensional heterostructures are discussed in detail. Second, a new type of vdW heterostructure is introduced based on two‐dimensional electron gas with a nanoscale junction interface. Finally, the application prospects of vdW heterostructures in photoelectric and memory devices are further outlined by combing new applications in the neural networks. This review shows that vdW heterostructures have great advantages in high integration, energy harvesting, and logical operations, and it provides directions and suggestions for the future research and application of environmentally friendly, high‐performance, and smart functional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The chiral epoxidation of styrene and its derivatives is an important transformation that has attracted considerable scientific interest in the chemical industry. Herein, we integrate enzymatic catalysis and electrocatalysis to propose a new route for the chiral epoxidation of styrene and its derivatives. Chloroperoxidase (CPO) functionalized with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (IL EMB) was loaded onto cobalt nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (CoN@CNT) to form a biohybrid (CPO-IL EMB /CoN@CNT). H 2 O 2 species were generated in situ through a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e–ORR) at CoN@CNT to initiate the following enzymatic epoxidation of styrene by CPO. CoN@CNT had high electroactivity for the ORR to produce H 2 O 2 at a more positive potential, prohibiting the conversion of FeIII to FeII in the heme of CPO to maintain enzymatic activity. Meanwhile, CoN@CNT could serve as an ideal carrier for the immobilization of CPO-IL EMB. Hence, the coimmobilization of CPO-IL EMB and CoN@CNT could facilitate the diffusion of intermediate H 2 O 2 , which achieved 17 times higher efficiency than the equivalent amounts of free CPO-IL EMB in bulk solution for styrene epoxidation. Notably, an enhancement (∼45%) of chiral selectivity for the epoxidation of styrene was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A porous silver nanostructure-supported ionic liquid-modified chloroperoxidase nanohybrid was successfully used in electroenzymatic tandem catalysis to achieve an efficient, mild, and stable approach for the conversion of nitrate into ammonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is bound to a dendritic porous copper foam (3D-Cu) via electrostatic interaction to form a biohybrid (CA/3D-Cu), which exhibits high selectivity and Faraday efficiency in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to formic acid (selectivity of 98.7%, Faraday efficiency of 82.1%) due to the large specific surface area of the 3D-Cu and the ultra-high CO2 hydration capacity of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the (100) KTaO3(KTO) surface and interfaces has attracted extensive interest because of its abundant physical properties. Here, light illumination-induced semiconductor–metal transition in the 2DEG at the KTO surface was investigated. 2DEG was formed at the surface of KTO by argon ion bombardment. The 2DEG prepared with a shorter bombardment time (300 s) exhibits semiconducting behavior in the range of 20~300 K in the dark. However, it shows a different resistance behavior, namely, a metallic state above ~55 K and a semiconducting state below ~55 K when exposed to visible light (405 nm) with a giant conductivity increase of about eight orders of magnitude at 20 K. The suppression of the semiconducting behavior is found to be more pronounced with increasing light power. After removing the illumination, the resistance cannot recover quickly, exhibiting persistent photoconductivity. More interestingly, the photoresponse of the 2DEG below 50 K was almost independent of the laser wavelength, although the photon energy is lower than the band gap of KTO. The present results provide experimental support for tuning oxide 2DEG by photoexcitation, suggesting promising applications of KTO-based 2DEG in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdZnTe (CZT) is an II–VI compound semiconductor with a zinc blende structure and has a wide range of applications in nuclear radiation detectors. As the device size becomes nanoscale, the displacement damage caused by high-energy proton irradiation in space environment has become one of the main factors affecting the electrical properties of components. In this paper, Monte Carlo software Geant4 is used to simulate the types and proportions of physical processes generated by different particles incident on CZT crystals, the proportion and depth distribution of NIEL of particles with different energy/angle. The results show that the type, energy and angle of incident particles will affect the proportion of energy deposition and the distribution of energy deposition with depth during irradiation. The physical effects are different under different irradiation conditions. The simulation results have reference value for studying the displacement damage law of CZT irradiated by particles under different conditions and the stability of CZT detector in radiation environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Efficient bio-nanoreactor constructed by modified core–shell magnetic dendritic silica (MDSP). • Phase-transitioned lysozyme (PTL) covered around MDSP plays multiple roles. • The matching of channel in MDSP with CPO size avoid aggregation of CPO. • Magnetic separation instead of centrifugation greatly decrease the loss of the material in reuse. • The bio-nanoreactor is very effective in degradation of antibiotic residues (nofloxacin). Immobilization of enzyme on porous solid nanosupport is an effective way to improve its stability. In this work, core–shell magnetic dendritic silica nanoparticle (MDSP) is prepared for encapsulation of chloroperoxidase (CPO). Amyloid like proteins formed by phase-transitioned lysozyme(PTL) is covered around CPO@MDSP to hold another layer of CPO (CPO@PTL-CPO@MDSP). CPO@PTL-CPO@MDSP is very stable at high temperature and in the presence of organic solvent. 91.3 % of catalytic activity at 80 °C is remained compared to 37.5 % of free enzyme. 78.2 % of original activity are retained in the presence of 30 % methanol, while the free enzyme can only keep 13.5 % of activity. CPO@PTL-CPO@MDSP can remain 77.0 % of the original catalytic activity remained after 24 cycles. In the application on the degradation of norfloxacin, 95.2 % of degradation efficiency is achieved in 20 min. This work provides a universal platform for the design of enzyme nanoreactor suitable for industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction provides an alternative approach to offer sustainable ammonia source routes for repairing imbalances in the global nitrogen cycle. In this work, electrocatalysis is combined with enzymatic catalysis to provide an efficient and clean process for recoverable ammonia production. NO2− is reduced to NH3 by electroenzymatic cascade reduction reaction on a bioconjugate, in which 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (ILBMB) modified chloroperoxidase (CPO) is fixed on polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to from bioconjugate (CPO‐ILBMB/MWCNT‐PEI). 15N and 14N isotope labeling reveal that the NH3 species is derived from NO2− reduction. Density functional theory calculations identify that the FeII species in heme center of CPO serve as the key active site for NO2− reduction. The amino groups derived from MWCNT‐PEI not only serve as a bridge to covalently immobilize CPO but also enrich the NO2− ion at electrode/solution interface through electrostatic interactions. The low energy barrier of NO2− reduction and low adsorption free energy of the intermediate result in high Faradaic efficiency (96.4%), NH3 yield (112.7 mg h−1 mgCPO−1), and high selectivity in pH 5.0 solution. The highly efficient electroenzymatic reaction ensurespromising applications in the conversion of NO2− to NH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new 3D metal-organic framework, namely, {Zn 4 (H 2 BPTC) 2 (HCOO) 4 } n ( SNNU-1 , H 4 BPTC=biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid, SNNU =Shaanxi Normal University) has been solvothermal synthesized. Four independent tetrahedral Zn atoms are connected by organic ligands to form a 2D Zn-H 2 BPTC layer, which is further bridged by in-situ generated HCOO - to give the 3D pillar-layered framework of SNNU-1 . Unique Zn and H 2 BPTC all act as 4-connected nodes leading to a new 4,4,4-connected topological net with point symbol of {4·5·6 2 ·8 2 }{4·5 2 ·6 2 ·8}{5 2 ·6 3 ·7}. Notably, intense blue emission band is observed for SNNU-1 , which exhibits solvent-dependent effect. Compared to other common organic solvents, chloroform can specially improve the photoluminescent intensity of SNNU-1 . Further repeated response and release experiments clearly showed that SNNU-1 can act as luminescent sensor for selective and reversible detection of chloroform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epitaxial thin films of La 0.9 Ca 0.1 MnO 3 were grown on (100) oriented 0.7Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -0.3PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT) single-crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The heterostructure composed of manganite and ferroelectric would enable us to control and study the electric/magnetic properties of manganite by means of tunable strain induced via the piezoelectric effect of PMN-PT. X-ray diffraction revealed that the ferroelectric poling remarkably modify the in-plane tensile strain introduced in the La 0.9 Ca 0.1 MnO 3 film, which gives rise to tune resistance and Curie temperature T C . It is also found that due to poling of PMN-PT the magnetoresistance of La 0.9 Ca 0.1 MnO 3 is reduced in the paramagnetic state, but increased in ferromagnetic state. The observed effects of residual strain on magnetoresistance could be explained by the Jahn-Teller distortion and polarization effect on the coexistence of multiple phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we approach to construct reliable deep neural networks (DNNs) for safety-critical artificial intelligent applications. We propose to modify rectified linear unit (ReLU), a commonly used activation function in DNNs, to tolerate the faults incurred by bit-flip perturbation on weights. Through theoretic analysis of the fault propagation in the layers with ReLU activation, we observe that bounding the output of ReLU activation can help to tolerate the weight faults. Then, we propose a novel ReLU design called boundary-aware ReLU (BReLU) to improve the reliability of DNNs, in which an upper bound of ReLU is determined such that the deviation between the boundary and original outputs cannot affect the final result. We propose a gradient-ascent-based algorithm to find the boundaries for BReLU activations of all DNN layers. Without retraining the network, our approach is cost effective and practical when deployed in safety-critical artificial intelligent systems. Detailed experiments and real-life application benchmarking demonstrate that our approach can improve the accuracy of DNN VGG16 from 16.7% to 82.6% on average assuming the practical weight faults, with only 13% memory and 2.78% time overhead, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid integration of oxide two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) and 2D layered transition-metal dichalcogenides is expected to exhibit diverse physical phenomena, which cannot appear in either material alone. Here, we demonstrate a gate-free tunable 2D/2D heterojunction composed of MoTe2 and 2DEG at the surface of KTaO3. The combination of metallic MoTe2 and n-type 2DEG together forms a Schottky diode with a large on/off current ratio of 104 at room temperature. Moreover, the MoTe2/2DEG diode exhibits largely tunable electrical transport characteristics without gate voltages. By applying bias voltages, the diode shows tunable transport properties ranging from insulating to excellent rectifying behaviors. The bias-voltage-dependent modulation dominantly originates from the tunable Schottky barrier width controlled by the carrier density of the 2DEG. Our results pave a way for the development of 2D nanoelectronic devices such as multi-bit memories and bias sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel nitrite electrochemical biosensor is constructed by glassy carbon electrodes (GC) coated by chloroperoxidase (CPO) -Au nanoparticles-MoS2 nanoflowers in the presence of ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMB-IL). Au-MoS2 nanoflowers modified nanocomposites are synthesized using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as reducing agent and stabilizer. The EMB-IL can effectively promote direct electron transfer between CPO and electrode surface without redox mediator. Herein, the surface concentration of CPO on the electrode surface is 1.36 × 10–10 mol cm−2, and the electron transfer coefficient and the rate constant of CPO at electrode surface are 0.87 and 2.03 s−1, respectively. The proposed nitrite electrochemical biosensor shows a wide linear range, low detection limit, and high sensitivity. The biosensor was applied to the determination of nitrite in pickled cabbage with a good accuracy and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the utilization of three ditopic ligands with different bend angles as pillars, we reported herein three pillar-layered Zn–triazolate–carboxylate frameworks, namely, [Zn 2 (ATRZ) 2 (BDC)] n ( 1 ), [Zn 2 (ATRZ) 2 (TPDC)] n ·2 n DMF ( 2 ) and [Zn 2 (ATRZ) 2 (ADDC)] n ( 3 ) (ATRZ = 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, H 2 BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, H 2 TPDC = 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid, and H 2 ADDC = 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid). Single crystal structural analyses demonstrate that different geometries of ditopic carboxylate pillars not only result in Zn–ATRZ layers adopting various corrugated configurations, but also give rise to 3,4-connected self-interpenetrated net of 1 and non-interpenetrated nets of 2 and 3 . All these compounds exhibit high thermal stability and blue photoluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular orientation of chloroperoxidase (CPO) on surface of Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was achieved through layer-by-layer (LBL) controlled assembly by site specific interactions of avidin and biotin. Enzymatic oxidative decolorization of soluble aniline blue was employed to evaluate the catalytic performance of immobilized CPO (I-CPO). The decolorization efficiency of dye by I-CPO was higher than 90% within 10 min. Moreover, I-CPO displayed improved thermostability and kept higher activity in wider pH range and in the presence of high concentration of oxidant (H 2 O 2 ) compared to that of free enzyme. When incubated at 70 °C for an hour, 42.35% of the activity of immobilized enzyme was reserved compared with that at 25 °C, whereas free CPO remained only 8.46%. The tolerance to H 2 O 2 was improved from 2 mmol L −1 to 4 mmol L −1 , and the suitable pH range become wider. The relative activities of I-CPO in the 20 times use maintained 62% of that in the first run. The enzymatic kinetic constants confirmed that the entrapping CPO into this well-defined architecture could reduce diffusional limitation of reactants and products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporoussilica material was prepared to immobilize chloroperoxidase(CPO) from Caldariomyces fumagointhis work. The mesoporous material (FDU-12-140) with 15–18nm pore entrances was found to be a very suitable support not onlybecause it allowed the entry of only a few CPO molecules (diameteraround 6.2 nm) so as to avoid the aggregation of enzyme moleculesthat may result in a decline in its apparent activity, but also becauseit provided enough flip space for the enzyme during its catalyticaction. Enzymatic oxidative decolorization of Crocein Orange G wasemployed to evaluate the catalytic performance of CPO. The decolorizationefficiency of dye by immobilized CPO reached 90% within 70 min. Moreover,it displayed improved thermostability and maintained higher activityin organic solvents compared to that of free enzyme. When incubatedat 80 °C for 1 h, 42% of the activity of immobilized enzyme wasreserved compared with that at 20 °C, whereas free CPO maintainedonly 8.5%. Even in the most hydrophilic N,N-dimethylformamide(log p= −1.0), the decolorizationefficiency remained30% by immobilized CPO, but no decolorization was observed by freeCPO at the same conditions. The relative activity of immobilized CPOin the 20th reuse maintained 61% of that in the first run in decolorizationof the dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co(II) mononuclear complex with different coordination geometry would display various of field-induced single-ion magnet (SIM) behaviors. Here, we identify a field-induced single-ion magnet in a mononuclear complex Co(H2DPA)2·H2O (H2DPA = 2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid) by the hydrothermal method. The long axial Co-O coordination bond (Co1‧‧‧O3) can be formed by Co1 and O3. Therefore, Co(II) ion is six-coordinated in a distorted elongated octahedron. AC magnetization susceptibilities show that the effective energy barrier is up to 43.28 K. This is much larger than most mononuclear Co(II). The distorted elongated octahedron caused by the axial Co-O coordination bond is responsible for the high effective energy barrier. The distribution of electron density in Co1 and O3 atoms in the long axial bond would influence the magnetic relaxation process in turn. Our work deepens the relationship between the effective energy barrier and the weak change of ligand field by long axial bonds, which would facilitate constructing SIM with high energy temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) describes the light-induced persistent enhancement of conductivity after turning off the light, which is tunable by a gating voltage. Here, we report a bias-tunable PPC in van der Waals heterojunctions of black phosphorus/2D electron gas (BP/2DEG) on SrTiO3. With a light pulse applied, the resistance of a BP/2DEG heterojunction decreases dramatically over five orders of magnitude. Such a low resistive state is maintained over 5 days without any sign of recovery. The application of the negative bias voltage can tune the device into a high resistive state. By combining the light and bias voltages, the device enables it to change into any resistance value, indicating a potential application for multi-bit photoelectric memory. Further study demonstrates that the BP/2DEG heterojunction can achieve both optical writing/electric erasing and electric writing/optical erasing. Our work paves the way to control the PPC through the bias voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chloroperoxidase(CPO) from Caldariomyces fumagocouldmediate a very efficient oxidative decolorization/degradationof aqueous azo dye. The decolorization efficiencies for Congo Redand Alizarin Yellow R reached 88.25% in 3 min and 92.38% in 5 min,respectively, under mild conditions at enzyme concentrations of 0.025and 0.03 μmol L–1, respectively. Comparedwith the typical mechanism involved in oxidative decolorization ofazo dyes catalyzed by other peroxidases, a different enzymatic catalyticcycle was found in this work. The oxidative decolorization was carriedout in bulk solution, which would get rid of the restriction of substraterequired by the channel access to the substrate pocket in the enzymaticactive site. Nine degradation products of Congo Red were detectedby HPLC–MS analysis, and two types of degradation pathwayswere proposed accordingly. The strong toleration of the typical saltspecies in industrial effluents by this system ensured that it haspotential applications in treatment of industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "Van der Waals Heterostructures for Photoelectric, Memory, and Neural Network Applications," provides a comprehensive review of mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. The authors, Yaping Qi, Yong P. Chen, Chunlan Ma, Yucheng Jiang, and their colleagues, discuss the materials, fabrication, structure, and applications of these heterostructures. The cover of the article showcases mixed-dimensional heterostructures and their potential applications in photoelectronic, memory, and neural network fields. The authors' research interests include 2D materials, thin films, and low-dimensional heterojunctions with unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. [Extracted from the article]

Earth-abundant and ecofriendly minerals SnS x Se 2–x can be promising candidates for photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells because of their tunable band gaps and high absorption efficiency in the visible light range. In this paper, p type SnS thin films with sheet-like morphologies were successfully prepared by CBD method and then n-type SnS x Se 2-x thin films were achieved by selenization annealing of SnS thin films. The physical properties and PEC performances of SnS x Se 2-x thin films influenced by the annealing process were detailed studied. The photocurrent densities and stability of SnS x Se 2-x films were further improved by the deposition of p-type CdS:Cu buffer layer. And the fabrication of FTO/SnS x Se 2-x /CdS:Cu/TiO 2 /Pt photocathode improved the PEC performance further and the photocurrent as high as 10.5 mA/cm2 had been achieved. IPCE tests indicated that the FTO/SnS x Se 2-x /CdS:Cu/TiO 2 /Pt structure achieved a power conversion efficiency of 31.3 %. •SnS thin films were deposited by CBD method, and SnS x Se 2-x thin films were prepared by selenization annealing. •The effects of different selenization temperatures and different amounts of selenium powder on SnS x Se 2-x films were studied. •By introducing CdS: Cu buffer layer with different deposition times, TiO 2 protective layer with varying thickness, and precious metal Pt for surface modification, the photoelectric performance of SnS x Se 2-x thin films was optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The decolorization/degradation of aqueous azo dyes generated by textile photography industries are a main issue in wastewater treatment. Despite many significant efforts and numerous systems have been exploited, the problem is still unsolved due to intrinsically low activity or use of non-convenient chemical reagents. Biodegradation appears to be one of the most efficient ways, however, the initial step of biotransformation usually involves a reductive cleavage of the azo bond, which under anaerobic conditions leads to the formation of aromatic amines known to be carcinogenic. This study shows that applying an oxidative process of H2O2 catalyzed by chloroperoxidase (CPO) for decolorization/degradation of aqueous azo dyes (Orange G and Sunset Yellow) in buffer solution is a very efficient system. The effect of initial pH, dosage of enzyme, H2O2 concentration, reaction temperature and time, and suitable initial dye concentration on the decolorization efficiency were investigated in detail and optimized accordingly. At optimum reaction condition, the decolorization efficiency of Orange G reached 98.72% in 5min, and 77.25% in 10min for Sunset Yellow. The dosage of CPO was below ppm level. This enzymatic reaction is an ideal potential alternative for application on decolorization/degradation of aqueous azo dyes. Furthermore, the elucidation of degradation pathways is of special interest considering healthy and environmental priorities. In this work, LC–MS was used to determine the structures of intermediates arising from Orange G by CPO–H2O2 oxidation. Eight transformation products were identified and two types of cleavage were proposed for the degradation pathway. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Asymmetric epoxidation of 3-chloropropene can be catalyzed by chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago to prepare (R)-epichlorohydrin (ECH) in homogenous phosphate buffer/ionic liquid mixtures using t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as O2 donor. Reaction conditions were optimized by the investigation of the choice of oxidants, the presence of ionic liquids (ILs), pH effect and CPO consumption. The best ECH yield reached 88.8% within a duration of 60min with high enantiomeric excesses (e.e. 97.1%) at pH 5.5 and room temperature, using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium [EMIM][Br] as co-solvent. The ILs with shorter carbon chain was more efficient on chiral ECH preparation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Inactivation of chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago by arginine was investigated. It was found that the red native CPO solution was turned into a stable green species with a concomitant shift of the Soret band from 398 to 425nm in the presence of arginine. The green CPO lost almost all of its catalytic activity, and this inactivation was irreversible. Differential UV–vis spectrophotometry was used to examine the binding properties of arginine to CPO. The formation of CPO-arginine (1:1) complex was highly pH-dependent. Fluorescence investigation revealed the exposure degree of prosthetic group increased. Kinetic analysis indicated that CPO has both a high affinity and specificity to arginine. This inactivation may be caused mainly by the binding of guanidinium group in arginine to the acid–base catalytic group Glu183 in CPO. The change of surrounding environment around heme induced by the interaction of heme propionates with arginine and the occupying of the sixth axial ligand position of heme iron by hydroxyl are also reasons bringing on this inactivation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new supramolecular complex [Cs(DB24C8)][CuBr2] (1) (DB24C8=Dibenzo-24-Crown-8) has been prepared, characterized and structurally investigated. The structure of complex 1 features a two-dimensional (2D) (4,4) network in the ac plane based on C–H⋯π interactions and the dimensionality is further increased to 3D by Cs⋯Br weak interactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4x Se 4(1-x) (CZTSSe) has recently attracted much attention for solar water splitting due to its high absorption efficient and tunable bandgap. However, high quality CZTSSe thin films with good quality and adherence with the substrate are mainly based on physical deposition method, such as magnetron sputtering, which is expensive and energy consuming processes. Here, we have developed a novel and low-cost solution fabrication method and CZTSSe electrodes were synthesized at low temperature by hydrothermal treatment of chemical bath deposited SnS films. The quality and phase purity of CZTSSe thin films were greatly improved after annealing process and the effect of SnS thickness to the physical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of CZTSSe thin films were detailedly studied. The fabrication of FTO/CZTSSe/CdS/TiO 2 /Pt photocathode improved the PEC properties of CZTSSe thin films greatly and the highest water splitting photocurrents of 7.2 mA/cm−2 had been achieved under simulated solar illumination. Furthermore, the electrode showed good stability and had a good incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) response in the visible light range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions, based on 2D systems, show great potential as high-performance photodetectors. Recent advances have reported an Ar+-ion-bombardment assistant method to achieve a vdW heterojunction between a 2D-material and a 2D electron gas (2DEG). Here, we fabricate a vdW heterojunction between WSe 2 and 2DEG on KTaO 3. Under visible light illumination, a giant photoconductivity is observed with bias voltage applied at room temperature. Such a device exhibits an instantaneous photoelectric response to on/off light illumination. The ratio of on/off currents reaches as high as 104. In the wavelength range of 405–808 nm, the photoresponsivity is much greater for shorter wavelengths, reaching a maximum of 1.84 A/W. Moreover, even without bias voltage, the WSe 2 /2DEG heterojunction still generates a short-circuit photocurrent due to the photovoltaic effect, implying a self-powered photodetector. This work paves a path towards high-performance photoelectric devices based on vdW heterojunctions of 2D-material/2DEG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental risk of heavy metals and metalloids in athletic fields has raised people's attention in the recent years. Seven trace elements, including metals and metalloids, were detected in the runoff of five typical athletic fields in the university campus under three rainfall events. Except for Cr, the total concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cd, and As in artificial turf runoff are the highest among five athletic fields, followed by that of plastic runway. The concentration and first flush effect of trace elements are followed in the order of 1st > 2nd > 3rd rainfall events. The strongest correlations between metals and metalloids were observed in the tennis court runoff, while the artificial turf shows the least. The release of trace elements could be directly from the surface materials and particles on the athletic field and influenced by the comprehensive factors including surface materials, rainfall events, and pollutant characters. Pollution risk assessment shows that the pollution extent of the five types of athletic field is at least "moderate" and follows the order of artificial turf > basketball court > plastic runway > badminton court > tennis court. Pb shows the highest pollution level, while Cr shows the highest healthy risk. The results can provide a theoretical basis for runoff pollution control and safety use of athletic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An efficient biosensor 3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB /CPO for H 2 O 2 detection. • 3D-CNT@MoS 2 increases the fixation site of the CPO while prevents it leaking. • CPO achieves direct electron transfer in the absence of a redox medium. • The biosensor is applied to the detection of H 2 O 2 in human urine. Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors are promising for a wide range of applications due to their unique specificity and high sensitivity. In this work, we present a novel enzyme bioelectrode for the sensing of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS 2) is self-assembled on carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT) to form a three-dimensional conductive network (3D-CNT@MoS 2), which is modified with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (IL EMB), and followed by anchoring chloroperoxidase (CPO) onto the nanocomposite (3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB) through covalent binding to form a bioconjugate (3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB /CPO). The IL EMB modified 3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB has good hydrophilicity and conductivity, which not only provides a suitable microenvironment for the immobilization of CPO but also facilitates the direct electron transfer (DET) of CPO at the electrode. The 3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB /CPO bioconjugate modified electrode has a high catalytic efficiency for H 2 O 2. Through electroenzymatic synergistic catalysis for H 2 O 2 detection by 3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB /CPO-GCE, a wide detection range of 0.2 μmol·L−1 to 997 μmol·L−1 and a low detection limit of 0.097 μmol･L−1 with high sensitivity of 1050 µA·mmol·L−1·cm−2 were achieved. Additionally, the 3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB /CPO-GCE displayed exceptional stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. Furthermore, 3D-CNT@MoS 2 /IL EMB /CPO-GCE is suitable for sensing of H 2 O 2 in human urine s with good recovery, suggesting its potential application for the detection of H 2 O 2 in biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most conductive materials, resistance remains constant over time in the absence of external physical stimulation. Here, we report the time-dependent resistance of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (Q2DEG) on a KTaO3 substrate. Ar+-ion bombardment is used to achieve a Q2DEG of high density. Such a Q2DEG shows a linear increase in resistance with time without further physical stimulus. Both the resistance and its increase rate can be determined by the beam voltage of Ar+ bombardment. Furthermore, we find that light illumination strongly influences the increase rate of resistance, with the effect depending primarily on the wavelength of incident light. The Hall effect reveals that this phenomenon can be attributed to the spontaneous decrease in carrier density over time due to the migration of oxygen vacancies. Our work offers a pathway toward a self-excited resistance timer in a Q2DEG system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]