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Politike zaštite okoliša predstavljaju pokušaj rješavanja problema s kojima se danas planeta Zemlja suočava. Gospodarenje otpadom jedna je od politika zaštite okoliša kojom se nastoji riješiti problem sve veće pojave količina nastalog otpada. Otpad i neadekvatno zbrinjavanje otpada utječu na Planet Zemlju i cijelo stanovništvo svijeta. Nepravilno gospodarenje otpadom ima loše učinke na ljudsko zdravlje, dovodi do prostornog problema zbrinjavanja otpada koje posljedično ima utjecaj i na ekonomiju države. Ubrzani rast stanovništva, globalizacijski procesi ubrzali su nastanak otpada u svim dijelovima svijeta, pa tako i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Loše vođena politika gospodarenja otpadom predstavlja najveći problem Republike Hrvatske. Ulaskom u Europsku uniju, Republika Hrvatska pristala je na preuzimanje pravne stečevine politika zaštite okoliša i gospodarenja otpadom. Problem se očituje u loše vođenoj politici, lošoj usklađenosti zakonodavstva te kašnjenju s propisanim rokovima zadanih od strane Europske unije. Osim problema neusklađenosti zakonodavstva, Hrvatska nailazi na probleme s prostorom i manjkom adekvatne infrastrukture i sve većim rastom broja ilegalnih odlagališta. Republika Hrvatska, kako bi bila učinkovitija u području zaštite okoliša, mora poboljšati provođenje kružnog gospodarstva. Kružno gospodarstvo nudi mnogo perspektiva vezanih uz pravilno zbrinjavanje otpada. Otpad treba gledati kao resurs koji nudi nove mogućnosti u svijetu. Nove mogućnosti očituju se u otvaranju novih „zelenih“ radnih mjesta koja nude priliku zapošljavanja u sektoru zaštite okoliša, mogućnosti stvaranja prihoda od novostvorenih materijala od pravilno zbrinutog otpada te posljedično i zdravijeg i boljeg okoliša za sve sudionike. Ključ boljitku i smanjenju otpada u Republici Hrvatskoj predstavlja bolje iskorištavanje sredstava iz Europskih fondova u zadanim rokovima, kvalitetnija i učinkovitija ulaganja u infrastrukturu te puno truda i ulaganja u edukaciju građana., Environmental policies are an attempt to solve the problems that the planet Earth is facing today. Waste management is one of the environmental protection policies that seeks to solve the problem of the growing occurrence of waste. Waste and inadequate waste disposal affect Planet Earth and the entire population of the world. Improper waste management has negative effects on human health, leading to the spatial problem of waste disposal, which consequently has an impact on the state's economy. Accelerated population growth and globalization processes have accelerated the generation of waste in all parts of the world, including the Republic of Croatia. Poorly managed waste management policy is the biggest problem of the Republic of Croatia. By joining the European Union, the Republic of Croatia has agreed to take over the acquis on environmental protection and waste management policies. The problem is manifested in poorly managed policies, poor harmonization of legislation and delays in the prescribed deadlines set by the European Union. In addition to the problem of inconsistencies in legislation, Croatia is facing problems with space and a lack of adequate infrastructure and a growing number of illegal landfills. In order to be more efficient in the field of environmental protection, the Republic of Croatia must improve the implementation of the circular economy. The circular economy offers many perspectives related to proper waste disposal. Waste should be seen as a resource that offers new opportunities in the world. New opportunities are manifested in the creation of new "green" jobs that offer employment opportunities in the environmental sector, opportunities to generate income from newly created materials from properly disposed waste and, consequently, a healthier and better environment for all participants. The key to improving and reducing waste in the Republic of Croatia is better use of European funds within the set deadlines, better and more efficient investments in infrastructure and a lot of effort and investment in educating citizens.

U radu je bilo riječi o odabranim obilježjima politike zaštite okoliša u Europskoj uniji (EU). Provođenje politike zaštite okoliša u EU temelji se na jakim Zakonima, na Strategijama te na mnogobrojnim propisima zaštite okoliša. U prvom poglavlju dano je pojmovno određenje ključnih koncepcija. Europska unija za provođenje politike zaštite okoliša ima definirana opća načela i osnovni okvir, ima postavljene energetske klimatske ciljeve koji su fokusirani na konkurentno, sigurno i niskougljično gospodarstvo, o čemu je bilo riječi u radu. U radu su objašnjene i europske institucije koje su značajne u zaštiti okoliša: Europski parlament, Europska agencija za okoliš (EEA) i Europska investicijska banka (EIB). Nadalje, bilo je riječi o resursnoj učinkovitosti, o poticanju eko inovacija, o zelenim gradovima te o transformiranju stavova EU u uvjetima ekološke krize. Zadnji dio rada analizira odabrane aspekte politike zaštite okoliša na primjerima iz prakse u Hrvatskoj, Austriji, Njemačkoj i u Belgiji, pri čemu se prikazuju određeni pokazatelji okoliša (temeljni zakoni, emisije stakleničkih plinova, obnovljivi izvori energije, gospodarenje otpadom, EIB projekti). The paper discusses selected features of environmental policy in the European Union (EU). The implementation of environmental policy in the EU is based on strong laws, strategies and numerous environmental regulations. The paper defines the environment, anthropogenic impacts on the environment and a sustainable environment. The European Union for the implementation of environmental policy has defined general principles and a basic framework, has set energy and climate goals that are focused on a competitive, secure and low-carbon economy, which was discussed in the paper. The paper also explains the European institutions that are important in environmental protection: the European Parliament, the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Investment Bank (EIB). Furthermore, they talked about resource efficiency, encouraging eco-innovation, green cities and transforming EU attitudes in the conditions of ecological crisis. The last part of the paper analyzes selected aspects of environmental policy on examples from practice in Croatia, Austria, Germany and Belgium, showing certain environmental indicators (basic laws, greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy sources, waste management, EIB projects).

Kohezijska politika jedna je od temeljnih javnih politika EU za koju se izdvaja oko trećine ukupnog proračuna, a služi za postizanje sklada i uravnoteženosti između europskih regija. Financijski instrumenti kohezijske politike su Europski strukturni i investicijski fondovi (ESI fondovi), a kako je posljednjih godina održivi razvoj tema koja se iznimno prometnula unutar okolišne politike, u diplomskom se radu razmatra utjecaj tih financijskih instrumenata na održivi razvoj u Hrvatskoj. Koncept održivog razvoja u Hrvatskoj tek je nedavno postao popularan pa je vidljiv nedostatak strateške dokumentacije na tu temu koja je nerijetko potrebna za apliciranje na razne natječaje EU. Raspon i raznolikost projekata koji se iz instrumenata kohezijske politike financiraju još uvijek na relativno niskoj razini. Diplomski rad, stoga, analizira dosadašnje projekte sufinancirane iz ESI fondova i povezane s održivim razvojem te identificira potencijale za iskorištavanje sredstava iz novog programskog razdoblja, ali i ograničenja koja u Hrvatskoj postoje prilikom apsorpcije europskih sredstava namijenjenih za održivi razvoj. Cohesion policy, as one of the fundamental policies of the EU for which about a third of the total budget is allocated, serves to achieve harmony and balance between European regions. The financial instruments of cohesion policy are the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds), and since sustainable development has become an extremely important topic in environmental policy in recent years, the thesis discusses the impact of these financial instruments on sustainable development in Croatia. The concept of sustainable development in Croatia has only recently become popular, so a lack of strategic documentation on this topic is evident. The range and diversity of projects funded by cohesion policy instruments is still relatively low. The thesis, therefore, analyzes previous sustainable development projects co-financed from ESI funds and identifies potentials for the use of funds in the new programming period, but also limitations that exist in Croatia when it comes to absorbing European funds in order to achieve sustainable development.

Kohezijska politika jedna je od temeljnih javnih politika EU za koju se izdvaja oko trećine ukupnog proračuna, a služi za postizanje sklada i uravnoteženosti između europskih regija. Financijski instrumenti kohezijske politike su Europski strukturni i investicijski fondovi (ESI fondovi), a kako je posljednjih godina održivi razvoj tema koja se iznimno prometnula unutar okolišne politike, u diplomskom se radu razmatra utjecaj tih financijskih instrumenata na održivi razvoj u Hrvatskoj. Koncept održivog razvoja u Hrvatskoj tek je nedavno postao popularan pa je vidljiv nedostatak strateške dokumentacije na tu temu koja je nerijetko potrebna za apliciranje na razne natječaje EU. Raspon i raznolikost projekata koji se iz instrumenata kohezijske politike financiraju još uvijek na relativno niskoj razini. Diplomski rad, stoga, analizira dosadašnje projekte sufinancirane iz ESI fondova i povezane s održivim razvojem te identificira potencijale za iskorištavanje sredstava iz novog programskog razdoblja, ali i ograničenja koja u Hrvatskoj postoje prilikom apsorpcije europskih sredstava namijenjenih za održivi razvoj., Cohesion policy, as one of the fundamental policies of the EU for which about a third of the total budget is allocated, serves to achieve harmony and balance between European regions. The financial instruments of cohesion policy are the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds), and since sustainable development has become an extremely important topic in environmental policy in recent years, the thesis discusses the impact of these financial instruments on sustainable development in Croatia. The concept of sustainable development in Croatia has only recently become popular, so a lack of strategic documentation on this topic is evident. The range and diversity of projects funded by cohesion policy instruments is still relatively low. The thesis, therefore, analyzes previous sustainable development projects co-financed from ESI funds and identifies potentials for the use of funds in the new programming period, but also limitations that exist in Croatia when it comes to absorbing European funds in order to achieve sustainable development.

Onečišćenje okoliša je jedan od najvećih problema u suvremenom dobu koji postoji u mnogim oblicima. Pitanjem onečišćenja okoliša se treba baviti na globalnoj i nacionalnoj razini. Kako bi se uspješno radilo na rješavanju problema onečišćenja okoliša važno je imati zajedničke politike i zakone vezane uz zaštitu okoliša i ograničenja onečišćenja, ali isto tako bi stanovništvo trebalo imati i razvijenu svijest o aktualnoj ekološkoj situaciji i o onome što se događa u okolišu ako se neograničeno koriste prirodni resursi. Danas većina država u svijetu pa tako i Republika Hrvatska ima razvijenu politiku zaštite okoliša i utvrđene ciljeve koji se žele postići kako bi se zaštitili, očuvali i pravodobno koristili prirodni resursi ali i očuvalo ljudsko zdravlje poboljšavajući kvalitetu življenja koja može biti narušena onečišćenjem okoliša. U svrhu ispunjavanja postavljenih ciljeva, države koriste različite vrste instrumenata politike zaštite okoliša od kojih su najvažniji: naredbodavno – nadzorni, ekonomski i dobrovoljni sporazumi. U ovom radu je težište na korištenju ekonomskih instrumenata pogotovo ekoloških poreza, naknada i poticaja koji se uvode s ciljem zaštite okoliša u RH. Analizirat će se instrumenti kroz teorijsku provedbu, a naposljetku i kroz studiju slučaja kako bi se ocijenila učinkovitost primijenjenih instrumenata. Environmental pollution is one of the biggest problems in modern age that exists in many different forms. The issue of environmental pollution should be dealed at global and national levels. In order to successfully work on solving the problems on environmental pollution, it's important to have common policies and laws related to environmental protection. Also, the population should have developed awareness of the current ecological situation and the impacts that happen in the environment if the natural resources are (and continue) to be used uncontrolled. Today, most of the countries in the world including Croatia have a developed environmental policy and goals to achieve in order to protect, preserve and timely use natural resources in the one hand and preserve human health while improving the quality of life on the other. To achieve the established goals, governement uses different environmental policy instruments and measures. Most common used instruments are: commanding-supervisory, economic instruments and voluntary agreements. This paper focuses on the use of economic instruments especially environmental taxes, fees and incentives in order to protect the environment in Croatia. The instruments will be firstly analyzed through theoretical implementation and finally through a case study which will determine how successfull is the use of the applied instruments.

Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je produbiti razumijevanje dimenzije koherentnosti, točnije odnosa zdravstvene i okolišne politike u procjenama utjecaja zahvata na okoliš. Pošto su zdravlje i okoliš bitne sastavnice života ljudi, smatra se da je veoma važno shvatiti povezanost spomenutih dviju politika i upravljati njima kako bi one što bolje funkcionirale zajedno. U radu se ukazuje na važnost tih dviju politika u svakodnevnom životu, kao i uključenost zdravlja u procjenu utjecaja na okoliš. Njihova povezanost u procjenama utjecaja zahvata na okoliš analizira pomoću nekoliko primjera iz različitih država (Australija, Kanada, Nizozemska i SAD). Analiza postojećih istraživanja spomenutih primjera pokazala je kako se zdravlju uglavnom ne pridaje velika pozornost u procjenama utjecaja na okoliš, a kad se zdravlje promatra u tim procjenama tad mu je posvećeno malo pažnje. Rad se temelji na postojećoj znanstvenoj literaturi te internetskim izvorima o procjenama utjecaja zahvata na okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Dio rada bavi se i Republikom Hrvatskom, a u njemu je identificiran izostanak tretmana aspekata zdravlja u nacionalnim i lokalnim procjenama utjecaja zahvata na okoliš., This thesis aims to explain the dimension of coherence, or precisely, the connection between health and environmental policy in environmental impact assessments. Since health and environment are basic components of human life, it is very important to understand the connection between these two policies and to manage them so they can function better together. The paper highlights the importance of these two policies in daily life, as well as the involvement of aspects of health in environmental impact assessments. The relation between these two policies in environmental impact assessments is investigated through the analysis of several examples from different countries (Australia, Canada, Netherlands, and the US). Based on existing studies of these examples, it has been concluded that health has not yet gained much much attention in environmental impact assessments, and when it is given attention, it is only to a limited extent. This thesis is based on existing literature and internet sources on the environmental and health impact assessments. One section of this thesis deals with the case of Croatia and it identifies the lack of attention toward issues of health in national and local environmental impact assessments.

Pitanje implementacije europskih regulativa u hrvatsku politiku zaštite okoliša glavni je fokus ovog diplomskog rada. Kroz transpoziciju i implementaciju istražuje se europski utjecaj na procjenu utjecaja zahvata na okoliš, fokusirajući se na jedan aspekt PUO postupka – sudjelovanje javnosti. Sudjelovanje javnosti daje mogućnost građanima da sudjeluju u donošenju i kreiranju važnih odluka. Analizirajući praktičnu implementaciju europskog okvira sudjelovanja javnosti u PUO postupcima, rad pokazuje kako su se instrumenti europskog okvira sudjelovanja javnosti u PUO postupcima (mogućnosti sudjelovanja javnosti, informiranje javnosti i rokovi) ne samo uspješno prenijeli u hrvatsku regulativu, već i dodatno specificirali. S druge strane, analiza implementacijske strukture za provedbu tog sadržaja kao i analiza njegove izvedbe pokazala je da se predviđeni instrumenti provode, no bez ulaganja značajnog napora u razvoj mehanizama i praksi kojima bi se uistinu potaklo djelotvorno sudjelovanje javnosti., The main focus of this thesis is the issue of the implementation of European regulations in Croatian environmental policy. EU’s impact on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is researched through transposition and implementation, focusing on one aspect of the EIA process - public participation. Public participation gives citizens the opportunity to take part in creating important decisions. While analyzing the practical implementation of the EU framework for public participation in EIA, the thesis has revealed that Croatia has not only adopted instruments envisioned by EU EIA directives (informing the public, ensuring public participation and deadlines for consultation) but has also specified it ambitiously. On the other hand, analysis of implementation structure and performance has shown that envisioned instruments are implemented, but that implementation is not accompanied by efforts invested toward the development of mechanisms and practice that should foster effective public participation.

Kružno gospodarstvo predstavlja model ekonomije koja racionalno raspolaže svojim resursima koje ima na raspolaganju te istovremeno i brine za očuvanje okoliša. Razvoj okolišnih politika te koncept održivog razvoja okosnica su novijih europskih politika i strategija. Strategija kružnog gospodarstva EU objedinjuje mjere i akcijske planove koji za cilj imaju smanjiti količinu otpada, stvoriti nove resurse i smanjiti negativan utjecaj na okoliš. Europska Unija kroz odluke, direktive i uredbe daje smjernice svim članicama kako bi prelazak na kružno gospodarstvo olakšala kako članicama, tako i svakom europskom građaninu. Hrvatska kao najmlađa članica EU prelazak na kružno gospodarstvo prvenstveno provodi kroz Plan gospodarenja otpadom. Kroz analizu provedbe Plana, vidljivo je da Hrvatska ima problem s uspostavom sustava, izgradnjom postrojenja te percepcijom otpada. U Hrvatskoj, postoji velik problem s recikliranjem otpada, odvajanjem otpada , te mnogi još uvijek ne smatraju otpad vrijednim resursom. Potrebno je osvijestiti građanstvo o potrebi prelaska na kružno gospodarstvo kako bi sačuvali prirodna bogatstva i vrijedne resurse za budućnost., A circular economy is an economy that rationally uses its resources while also caring for the environment. Environmental policy development and the concept of sustainable development are the backbones of recent European policies and strategies. The EU's circular economy strategy brings together measures and action plans aimed at reducing waste, creating new resources and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Through decisions, directives, and regulations, the European Union provides guidance to all members to make the transition to a circular economy easier for both members and European citizens. Croatia, as the youngest EU member state, is making the transition to the circular economy primarily through the Waste Management Plan. Through an analysis of the implementation of the Plan, it can be seen that Croatia has a problem with the establishment of the system, the construction of the facilities and the perception of waste. In Croatia, there is a major problem with waste recycling, waste separation, and many still do not consider waste as a valuable resource. Citizens need to be aware of the need to move to a circular economy in order to conserve natural resources and valuable resources for the future.

U diplomskom radu se analizira utjecaj politike zaštite okoliša Europske unije s politikom zaštite okoliša Republike Hrvatske, uz analizu utjecaja politike gospodarenja otpadom u Europskoj uniji na politiku gospodarenja otpadom u Republici Hrvatskoj. Republika Hrvatska je država članica Europske unije, pa je i obveza Republike Hrvatske implementacija pravne stečevine Europske unije u području zaštite okoliša u zakonodavstvo Republike Hrvatske. Ograničeni resursi europskog kontinenta zahtijevaju od svih zemalja da svojim nacionalnim politikama zaštite okoliša doprinesu njegovom očuvanju. Europska komisija već četrdesetak godina, potpomognuta drugim strukturama Europske unije, ima važnu ulogu u pripremi programa i strategija, ali i u nametanju financijski i administrativno zahtjevnih standarda članicama i pridruženim članicama Europske unije. Problemom istraživanja istaknuta su nedostatna financijska sredstva Republike Hrvatske za bolju provedbu zaštite okoliša posebice u segmentu gospodarenja otpadom. U Republici Hrvatskoj su uočena značajna djelovanja u poboljšanju sustava gospodarenja otpadom, no on još uvijek ne omogućava postizanje ciljeva koja proizlaze iz Strategije održivog razvoja Republike Hrvatske i Plana gospodarenja otpadom. Poboljšanje gospodarenja otpadom iziskuje usmjeravanje više napora na provedbu obveza odvojenog skupljanja kako bi se povećale stope recikliranja, uvođenje i postupno povećanje naknada za odlaganje kako bi se postupno ukinulo odlaganje otpada koje se može reciklirati i oporabiti na odlagalištu. The graduate thesis analyses the impact of EU environmental policy on environmental protection of Croatia, with an analysis of the impact of EU waste management policy on waste management in Croatia. Croatia is a member state of the European Union, so is the obligation of Croatia to implement the acquis communautaire (Community acquis) in the field of environmental protection in the legislation of Croatia. The limited resources of the European continent require from all countries that their national environmental policies contribute to its preservation. For nearly 40 years, the European Commission, assisted by other EU structures, plays an important role in the preparation of programs and strategies, as well as the imposition of financially and administratively demanding standards on member states and the associated EU members. Problem of research has shown insufficient funding of Croatia for better implementation of environmental protection, especially in the waste management segment. Significant actions have been noted in Croatia in improving the waste management system, but it still does not allow the achievement of the goals arising from the Croatia's Sustainable Development Strategy and the Waste Management Plan. Improving waste management requires more effort to implement separate collection obligations in order to increase recycling rates, introduce and gradually increase storage costs in order to gradually phase out the disposal of waste that can be recycled and recovered at the landfill.

Agencije Europske unije uključene su u proces kreiranja politika i to rastućim trendom agencifikacije u svijetu. Autor u ovom radu nastoji istražiti koja je uloga Europske agencije za okoliš u fazi donošenja odluka policy procesa jer politiku okoliša u EU čini mnoštvo pravila i mjera a zbog specifične prirode područja okoliša, važna je utemeljenost na informacijama i stručnosti koje pruža Agencija. Istraživanje je provedeno kroz dokumentarnu i arhivsku analizu primarnih, sekundarnih i tercijarnih izvora, odnosno analizom dokumenata europskih institucija i Europske agencije za okoliš te istraživanjima i radovima drugih autora i to na temeljima institucionalizma racionalnog izbora. Utvrđeno je da Europska agencija za okoliš ima najveći utjecaj u drugim fazama, fazi formulacije, implementacije i evaluacije politika, dok u fazi donošenja politika ima neizravan utjecaj kroz interakciju raznih formalnih i neformalnih aktera policy procesa., European union agencies are involved in a proces of creating policies within growing trend of agencification in the world. In this work the author is trying to investigate what is the role of European enviroment agency in phase of decision making policy process, because the EU enviroment policy is consisted of many rules and measures because of the specific nature in the field of enviroment, it´s important to have justification based on information that the Agency provides. The research is conducted through documentary and archive analysis of primary, secondary and tertiary sources, with regard to analysis of European institutions documents, European enviroment agency and research and works from other authors on foundation institutionalism of rational choice. It has been found that European enviroment agency has highest influence in other phases, phase of formulation, implementation and evaluation of politics, while in the phase of desicion making they have indirect influence through interaction of different formal and informal participants of the policy process.

Zbog globalnih ekoloških problema koji su vremenom prerasli u globalnu ekološku krizu javila se potreba za zakonskom regulacijom antropogenog, odnosno čovjekovog utjecaja na okoliš. Premda još uvijek postoji nedovoljna educiranost stanovništva i gospodarskih subjekata o mogućim posljedicama takvog utjecaja na okoliš, a potom i na kvalitetu života svakog pojedinca, politika zaštite okoliša se ipak pokazala korisnom u daljnjem sprječavanju širenja degradacije okoliša i svih vrsta onečišćenja kao i racionalnom iskorištavanju postojećih prirodnih resursa. Svrha rada jest identificirati i analizirati antropogene uzročnike i globalne posljedice onečišćenja, a cilj je osvijestiti čovječanstvo koliko veliku ulogu ono ima u tome onečišćenju, odnosno koliko je velika uloga svakog pojedinca u sprječavanju mogućeg onečišćenja i poboljšanju kvalitete života ako se ponaša racionalno spram okoliša. Autor analizira implementaciju sustava upravljanja okolišem u poslovanju poduzeća kojima je jedan od glavnih ciljeva društveno odgovorno poslovanje. Because of global ecological problems that have evolved over time into a global ecological crisis, there was a need to legally regulate anthropogenic, or human impact on the environment. Although there is still insufficient education of the population and economic entities about the possible consequences of such an impact on the environment as well as on the quality of life of each individual, environmental policy has proved useful in further preventing the spread of environmental degradation and all types of pollution as well as in the rational exploitation of existing natural resources. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the anthropogenic causes and global consequences of pollution. It's aim is to awake humanity to acknowledge it's role in pollution, i.e. how huge is the role of each individual in preventing possible pollution and improving the quality of life in case of rational behavior towards the environment. The author analyzes the implementation of the environmental managing system in the business practice of the companies which have integrated a corporate social responsibility for one of the main objectives.

Energetski sektor ili energetska politika jedne države usko su isprepleteni s politikom zaštite okoliša, ali i nacionalnom sigurnošću. Danska je, uz Njemačku, predvodnica u Europi po korištenju obnovljivih izvora energije za proizvodnju električne energije, što se može zahvaliti privrženošću sukcesivnih danskih vlada politici zaštite okoliša, ali i njihovu nastojanju da povećaju sigurnost opskrbe energijom. U ovom radu fokus nije toliko na sigurnosnim aspektima prijelaza na obnovljive izvore energije kao glavnih energenata, nego na politici zaštite okoliša koja pretpostavlja i sve veći udio „zelene” energetike u proizvodnji i konačnoj potrošnji energije. Autor ponajprije razmatra isprepletenost politike zaštite okoliša i energetskog sektora, potom razmatra energetsku politiku Danske koja se sve više temelji na iskorištavanju obnovljivih izvora energije za proizvodnju električne energije, transport i grijanje, da bi zaključio da je Danska europski pionir u nastojanju da ostvari potpunu energetsku neovisnost ili samodostatnost., Energy sector or energy policy of a country are closely interwoven with environmental policy, but also with its national security. Denmark is, along with Germany, a European forerunner with respect to the use of renewable energy sources for the production of electricity, which can be owed to the commitment of succesive Danish governments to environmental policy, but also to their efforts to increase the energy security of energy supply. The focus of this paper is not so much on the security aspects of the switching over to renewable energy sources as main energy sources, but on environmental policy which presupposes an increasing share of „green“ energy sector in the production and final consumption of energy. First of all, the author examines the interlacement of environmental policy and the energy sector, then looks at the energy policy of Denmark which has been increasingly based on the use of renewable energy sources for the production of electricity, transport and heating, and eventually concludes that Denmark is a European pioneer in the effort to realise a full energy independence or self-sufficiency

Održivi razvoj i proizvodnja jedan su od najvažnijih izazova budućnosti te izazov koji zahtijeva brzu akciju odgovornih proizvođača s obzirom da obrasci europske proizvodnje i potrošnje utječu na europski i svjetski okoliš. Pojam kružnog gospodarstva odgovor je na težnju za održivim rastom u kontekstu sve većeg pritiska proizvodnje i potrošnje na globalne resurse i okoliš. Inicijative politike koje podupiru ciljeve zelenog i kružnog gospodarstva mogu se naći u glavnim strategijama EU-a uključujući strategiju Europa 2020. Usporednom analizom dviju država prikazano je koliko uspjeha Hrvatska i Njemačka imaju u borbi protiv neodrživosti resursa gdje se Njemačka pokazala kao svojevrsni pionir i predvodnik politike zaštite okoliša u EU. S druge strane, Hrvatska kao najmlađa članica EU pokazuje potrebu daljnjeg unaprjeđenja sustava, pri čemu je važno istaknuti nužnost jačanja aktivnosti i mjera u cilju promjene obrasca proizvodnje i potrošnje te percepciju otpada kao resursa budućnosti., Sustainable development and production is one of the most important challenges of the future, and a challenge that requires swift action of responsible manufacturers with regard to European patterns of production and consumption affecting European and world environment. The concept of circular economy is the answer to the quest for sustainable growth in the context of increasing pressure on the production and consumption of the global resources, and the environment. Policy initiatives that support the goals of green and circular economy can be found in the major strategies of the EU strategy including the strategy Europe 2020. A comparative analysis of Croatia and Germany has shown how much success the two countries have in the fight against unsustainable resource; where Germany proved to be a kind of pioneer and leader of environmental policy in the EU. On the other hand, Croatia as the youngest member of the EU, has shown a need for further improvement of the system, where it is important to emphasize the necessity of strengthening the activities and measures in order to change the production and consumption patterns and the perception of waste as a resource of the future.

Ovaj rad sastoji se od šest poglavlja koje sam izradila kako bih najbolje prikazala važnost zaštite okoliša i njegov utjecaj na ljude tj. sva života na Zemlji, na bioraznolikost i sve što nas okružuje. Na početku ovog diplomskog rada obradila sam teoretski dio o politici zaštite okoliša u Europskoj Uniji i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Postoji velik broj institucija koje se bave politikama zaštite okoliša i ovim radom iznijela sam njihove odgovornosti i poslove koje moraju obavljati prema zakonskim odredbama. U razradi ovog diplomskog rada obradila sam okoliš Republike Hrvatske. To podrazumijeva sve aspekte okoliša koji su dio politike zaštite okoliša Republike Hrvatske. Za svaki dio okoliša izradila sam istraživanja koliko taj aspekt ima utjecaja na funkcioniranje života i koliko ima utjecaja na ostale prirodne vrijednosti u okolišu. Nakon svih istraživanja i teorije tj. politike i pravila zaštite okoliša koja vlada Europom, time i Republikom Hrvatskom, provela sam još jedno istraživanje i anketu o svijesti stanovništva o zaštiti okoliša. Za kraj sam istražila prilike i prijetnje koje djeluju i koje su moguće u zaštiti okoliša Republike Hrvatske. This thesis consists of six chapters which I made so I could represent the importance of environment protection and his effects on people ie. all lives on Earth, on biodiversity and all that surrounds us. At the beginning of this thesis I did the theoretical part about policy of environment protection in European Union and in Republic of Croatia. There is a big number of institutions which take care of policies of environmental protection and with this thesis I presented their responsibilities and their jobs which they have to conduct according to legal regulations. In elaboration of this thesis I investigated mostly environment in Croatia. This implies all aspects of environment which are part of environmental protection in Croatia. For every aspect of environment I explored how that aspect is affecting on lifestyle and how much on an effect it has on other natural assets in environment. After all investigations and literature ie. policy and rules of environmental policy in Europe, therefore in Croatia too, I made one more investigation about awareness of the population about environmental protection. For the end I explored opportunities and threats which are part od environmental protection in Croatia.

Održivi razvoj temeljen na međusobno povezanim sustavima (socijalnom, gospodarskom i ekološkom) s ciljem uspostave ravnoteže između razvojnog pravca društva, gospodarskih resursa i ekoloških zahtjeva. Zaštita okoliša osigurava cjelovito očuvanje kakvoće okoliša, prirodnih dobara te je osnovni uvjet zdravog života i održivog razvoja. Ekonomika okoliša koristi se i u utvrđivanju politike zaštite okoliša na lokalnom, regionalnom, nacionalnom i međunarodnom planu. U cilju razvoja i rasta potrebno je uspostaviti ekološku i ekonomsku ravnotežu. Postizanje takvog razvoja zahtijeva da troškovi onečišćenja okoliša imaju svoje mjesto u cijenama proizvoda i društvenoj razini, te korištenje tržišnih instrumenata i instrumenata politike zaštite okoliša. Suvremena politika zaštite okoliša treba postići ciljeve održivog razvoja gospodarskog i društvenog sustava, zaštitu pojedinih ekosustava i trajno očuvanje biološke raznolikosti, ekološke stabilnosti i slično. Regionalni razvoj igra ključnu ulogu u kreiranju funkcionalnog sustava zaštite okoliša, Sustainable development is based on interrelated systems (social, economic and environment) and the goal is to establish a balance between the development direction of society, economic resources and environmental requirements. Environment protection ensures overall conservation of environmental quality, naturalwealth and it is the basic condition healthy lifestyle and sustainable development. Environmental economic is used in determining environmental policies at local, regional, national and international level. For the purpose of development and growth, it is necessary to establish environmental and economic balance. Achieving such development requires that the costs of environmental pollution have their place in the prices of goods and social level, and the use of market-based instruments and instruments of environmental policy. Modern environmental policy should be to achieve sustainable development goals of economic and social systems, protection of particular ecosystems and permanent conservation of biological diversity, ecological stability etc. Regional development plays a key role in creating a functional system of environmental protection.

Jedan od strateških ciljeva Republike Hrvatske u narednom periodu jeste pristupanje Europskoj uniji. Radi ostvarenja navedenog cilja RH je u listopadu 2001.g. potpisala Sporazum o stabilizaciji i pridruživanju te potpisivanjem istoga preuzela obvezu razvijanja suradnje sa državama članicama Europske unije, u borbi protiv uništavanja okoliša radi promicanja održivosti okoliša (čl.103 Sporazuma). Prihvaćanjem Sporazuma započeo je postupak prilagodbe hrvatskog zakonodavstva pravnoj stečevini Europske Unije a time i implementacije mnogih akata Europske unije u njezino zakonodavstvo. Na području zaštite okoliša mjerodavna tijela Europske unije donijela su veći broj uredbi, direktiva i odluka kojima je odredila ciljeve koje treba postići u daljnjoj zaštiti istoga, a koje RH u svome daljnjem približavanju Europskoj uniji mora implementirati u svoje zakonodavstvo. Jedno od najvažnijih pitanja zaštite okoliša svakako je pravo na pristup pravosuđu u pitanjima okoliša svih zainteresiranih osoba. U ovome radu autori će obraditi pravo na pristup pravosuđu u pitanjima zaštite okoliša, njegova obilježja, sličnosti i različitosti normiranja sa aspekta Konvencije o pristupu informacijama, sudjelovanju javnosti u odlučivanju i pristupu pravosuđu u pitanjima okoliša, akata Europske Unije i hrvatskog pravnog poretka., One of the strategic goals of the Republic of Croatia for the following period is its access to the European Union. In order to fulfill it, the Republic of Croatia has in October 2001 signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement and thus overtaken the obligation to strengthen co-operation with European Union member states in struggle against environmental devastation and in promotion of environmental sustainability (Article 103 of Agreement). With the acceptance of the Agreement the process began of the Croatian legislation adjustment to the European Union legal acquirements, and thus of the implementation of numerous European Union Acts into its own legislation. In the area of environmental protection, a large number of regulations, directives, and decisions resolving the objectives regarding further protection were carried out by the competent bodies of the European Union, which the Republic of Croatia must implement in its own legislation during its process of accessing EU. Sure enough, one of the most important questions of environmental protection is the right to approach the legislation on environmental issues by all stakeholders. This paper brings the authors' elaboration on the right to access to justice in matters of environmental protection, its standardizing characteristics, similarities, and differences from the aspect of the Convention on Environmental Information and Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, European Union Acts, and Croatian legislation.

Globalizacijski procesi uvjetuju nacionalne ekološke politike kao sastavnice održivog razvoja. To je posebno važno za tranzicijske zemlje kao što je Hrvatska. Jedan od temeljnih dokumenata nacionalne ekološke politike je Strategija zaštite okoliša. Članak govori o pretpostavkama izrade Strategije zaštite okoliša, aktivnostima u nacionalnom planiranju razvoja i zaštite okoliša te nekim pitanjima za raspravu. Postoje vanjske i unutarnje pretpostavke s kojima se mora računati (primjerice, povezanost Hrvatske sa svijetom, međunarodni ekološki režimi, nacionalna Strategija održivog razvoja, model strateškog planiranja itd.). Planiranju okoliša treba planski pristupiti: odrediti ključne probleme, prioritete i aktere. Strategiju zaštite okoliša i Nacionalni provedbeni plan kao političke dokumene treba prihvatiti konsenzusom (parlamentarnih stranaka, privatnog sektora i civilnog društva). Koncept od kojega treba poći je odnos između tri strukture: zaštite ekosfere, stabilnog gospodarskog razvoja i pravedne raspodjele životnih šansi. Svaku je potrebno konkretizirati. U primjeni načela održivosti autor se zalaže za kombinaciju jake (strong) i slabe (weak) održivosti., Globalization processes condition national environmental policies as components of a sustainable development. This is especially true of post–communist states such as Croatia. One of the crucial documents in terms of national environmental policy is the Strategy of Environmental Protection. In this paper discussed are preconditions for the elaboraion of the Strategy of Environmental Protection, activities concerning national planing of environmental development and protection, and some discussion topics. There are external and internal preconditions that are to be counted with (such as Croatia's international relations, international environmental regulations, the national Strategy of Sustainable Development, model of strategic planning, etc.). The environmental planning should be approached systematically: key issues, priorities and actors should be defined. The Strategy of Environmental Protection and the National Implementation Plan should be accepted by an concensus (between parliamentary parties, private sector and civil society). The concept that should be started with consists of three mutually connected structures: ecosphere protection, a stable economic development and a right distribution of life chances. Each of them should be particulary elaborated. When applying the sustainability principle, the author pleads for an combination of strong and weak sustainability., Globalisierungsprozesse bedingen nationale Umweltpolitiken als Komponenten einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Das ist besonders wichtig für postkommunistische Staaten wie Kroatien. Eines der grundlegenden Dokumente der kroatischen Umweltpolitik ist die Strategie des Umweltschutzes. Behaldelt werden in diesem Beitrag die Voraussetzungen der Erarbeitung der Strategie des Umweltschutzes, Tätigkeiten bei der landesweiten Planung der Umweltentwicklung und des Umweltschutzes sowie einige Diskussionsfragen. Es gibt externe und interne Voraussetzungen, die brücksichtigt werden müssen (beispielsweise, die Auslandsbeziehungen Kroatiens, internationale Umweltregelungen, die nationale Strategie der nachhaltigen Entwicklung, das Modell der Strategieplanung, usw.). Die Umweltplanung soll systematisch erarbeitet werden: die grundlegenden Probleme, Prioritäten und Akteure sollen definiert werden. Die Strategie des Umweltschutzes und der Nationale Durchführungsplan sollen durch ein Konsensus (zwischen den im Parlament vertretenen Parteien, dem Privatsektor und der Zivilgesellschaft) verabschiedet werden. Das Konzept, von dem auszugehen sei, ist das Verhältnis zwischen drei Strukturen: dem Schutz der Ökosphäre, der stabilen Wirtschaftsentwicklung und einer gerechten Verteilung der Lebenschancen. Jede dieser Strukturen soll konkretisiert werden. Bei der Anwendung des Nachhaltigkeitsprinzips setzt sich der Autor für eine Kombination zwischen der starken (strong) und schwachen (weak) Nachhaltigkeit.

Hotel je dom (oikos), pa bi njegovo poslovanje trebalo biti zasnovano na osnovnim principima dobrog gospodarenja svakim domom (kućanstvom), a to su maksimiranje prihoda, tj. koristi i minimiziranje utrošaka. Ovi principi ujedno su i osnovni postulati ekologije kao znanstvenog pristupa i danas već globalnog pokreta za očuvanje okoliša i uspostavljanje koncepta održivog razvitka. Prema tome, eko-hotel je hotel koji, poslujući po principima "dobrog gospodarenja" ujedno čuva okoliš i podiže njegovu kvalitetu, povećava zadovoljstvo sve zahtjevnijih i ekološki svjesnijih gostiju i ostvaruje značajne uštede u poslovanju, što sve skupa ide u prilog promociji održivog razvitka turizma (ovo su principi tzv. "environmental managementa"). Autorica analizira dosadašnje pokušaje i rezultate postignute u implementiranju ekoloških standarda u poslovanju hotela u inozemstvu i u Hrvatskoj., The term "eco" originates from the Greek word "oikos" and means "home, household", and the fact is that hotel is a kind o f home (at least for a certain period of time) for both tourists and employees. However, being a certain kind of home (oikos), hotel has to follow the basic principles of good housekeeping and those are the principles based on maximising benefits and minimising costs. These principles are at the same time the main principles of the ecology as a scientific approach and as a global movement aimed at preserving our environment and implementing so called "sustainable development" concept. Accordingly, eco-hotel is a hotel that, acting according the principles of "good housekeeping" keeps the environment clean and improves its quality, rises up the level of satisfaction of more sophisticated and ecologically more conscious guests and reduces costs, which, all together helps promoting the concept of tourism sustainable development. These are the principles of so called "environmental management". The main objective of this paper is aimed at analysis of the results that have been achieved so far in implementing different ecological standards in hotels abroad and in the Republic of Croatia. Attention will also be paid to some examples of how these efforts have been supported by the state through the measures of the economic policy., Der Begriff “öko” stammt aus dem griechischen Wort “oikos” und bedeutet Heim, Haushalt, Wirtschaft. Ein Hotel ist also im gewissen Sinne ein Heim, wenn schon zeitweilig, sowohl für eine grosse Anzahl von Besuchem-Touristen als auch für dessen Inhaber und Beschäftigte. Da das Hotel ein Heim ist, sollte seine Geschäftsführung auf Grundprinzipien eines guten Management von jedem Heim (Haushalt) beruhen, d.h. maximale Einnahmen gegenüber minimalen Ausgaben erreichen. Diese Prinzipien bilden gleichzeitig die Grundpostulate der Ökologie, sowohl die Form eines wirtschaftlichen Zugangs als auch die heute bereits globale Umweltschutzbewegung und Herstellung vom Konzept eines “Sustainable Development ”. Demnach, das Öko-Hotel ist ein Hotel, in dem die Geschäftsführung nach den Prinzipien des guten Management erfolgt, wobei gleichzeitig der Umweltschutz beachtet wird, wodurch dessen Qualität erhöht wird, wobei immer wieder äußerts anspruchsvolle und umweltbewußte Gäste mehr zufriedener werden, wodruch wesentliche Erspanisse bei der Geschäftsführung verwirklicht werden, was alles in allem dem Beitrag zur Förderung von “sustainable development” im Tourismus dient. Das sind die Prinzipien von dem sogenannten “environmental management”. In dieser Arbeit werden bisherige Versuche und Ergebnisse, erzielt durch die Implementierung der Ökostandarde in der Hoteltätigkeit sowohl im Ausland als auch in Kroatien analysiert, wobei man versucht, Antwort auf die Frage zu geben, welche Bemühungen einzelne Länder durch die Maßnahmen der Wirtschaftspolitik unterstützen.

U radu se izlaže mogućnost evaluacije prirodnih ekoloških faktora koji nisu uzeti u obzir u klasičnoj ekonomskoj teoriji. U analizi se polazi od pretpostavke da danas još uvijek prevladava duh keynesianskog normativizma države nad genetskim konceptom tržišne ekonomije, koja polazi od ideje kapitalizacije prirodnog bogatstva. Osnovni konceptualni problem pri evaluaciji jest vrednovanje resursa koji nisu izravno u ekonomskom toku — vrijednosti koje su bez gospodara — pri čemu se polazi od Daleova stalajišta da je mehanizam cijena u ekonomiji prirodne okoline višekratno imperfektan, odnosno da tržišni mehanizam nema unutar sebe izra|enih načina regulacije ravno¬vjesja izme|u čovjek i prirode. Autor pokazuje da će se budućnost ekološke politike kretati u tri moguća pravca razvoja, koji će ovisiti o gospodarskoj razvijenosti: (1) u pravcu administrativno–represivne varijante, (2) na osnovi koncepcije kapitalizacije pirordnih i ekoloških fondova u smislu Cobb–Douglasove pro¬dukcijske funkcije te (3) na osnovi ekološke formule civilnog društva, koja ekologiju problematizira kao element kulture, morala i etike. U radu se razmatraju ekološko–ekonomske pretpostavke posljednjeg modela., A possibility of the evaluation of natural environmental factors that are not taken into account in the classical economic theory are presented in the paper. The starting point of the analysis is the assumption that, nowadays, the spirit of Keynesian normativism of state over the genetic concept of market economy, that has as its starting point the idea of natural resources capitalization. The basic conceptual problem with evaluation is the valuation of resources that are not directly in economic course — values that are without a proprietor — while starting from Dale's standpoint that a mechanism of prices in natural environment economics is multiply imperfect, i.e. that a market mechanism does not have within itself a worked out regulation mode of balance between a man and nature. The author indicates that the future of environmental policy will operate in the three possible directions of development, that will depend on economic development: (1) in the direction of administrative and repressive variant, (2) on the basis of the conception of capitalization of natural and environmental resources in the sense of Cobb–Douglas production function and (3) on the basis of an environmental formula of civil society, that problematizes ecology as an element of culture, morality and ethics. Environmental and economic assumptions of the latter model are examined in the paper., In dieser Arbeit wird die Möglichkeit der Evaluation von den natürlichen ökologischen Faktoren ausgestellt die nicht in der klassischen ökologischen Theorie berücksichtigt wurden. In dieser Analyse geht man von einer Voraussetzung aus, dass heute noch der Geist von dem keynesianischen Normativismus das genetische Konzept der Marktökonomie überwiegt, und die geht von einem Grundgedanke von der Kapitalisierung der natürlichen Reichtums. Das grundlegenden konzeptualen Problem der Evaluation ist die Bewertung von den Ressourcen die nicht direkt in einem ökonomischen Lauf sind. Diese Werten sind ohne einen Herrscher und da bei geht man vom Dales' Standpunkt aus, und das heisst dass der Preismechanismus in der Ökonomie der natürlichen Umwelt vielmals imperfekt ist, bzw. dass der Marktmechanismus innerhalb sich selbst keine verfassenden Weisen von der Gleichewicht zwischen dem Mensch und der Natur hat. Der Autor weist auf dass die Zukunft der ökologischen Politik in drei möglichen Richtungen geht, die von der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung abhänging sind: (1) in Richtung der adiministrativ–represiven Variante, (2) auf Grund der Konzeption der Kapitalisierung von der natürlichen und ökologischen Fonds im Sinn der produktive Funktion von Cobb–Douglas, und (3) auf Grund der äkologischen Formel von den Zivilgesellschaft, die Ökologie wie ein Element von der Kultur, der Ethik, und von der Moral betrachtet. In dieser Arbeit werden die ökologisch–ökonomische Voraussetzungen des lätzten Modells besichtigt.

Rad predstavlja plaidoyer za jednu tržišnu ekologiju, relativno grubi prijedlog nove strategije zaštite okoline u Hrvatskoj. Rasprava upućuje na osnovne nedostatke dosadašnje ekološke aktivnosti, provođene prema modelu »izravne regulacije«, te nudi alternativu. Obrisi nove i drukčije ekološke politike, koje autor iscrtava, bitno su tržišnog karaktera. Tržišna strategija temelji se na dva koncepta: na modelu »emisionih naknada« i modelu »emisionih dozvola«; u radu je predstavljena logika obiju koncepcija. Sam prijedlog - »minimalni program eko-regulacije« - operacionaliziran je kroz oblik i uloge središnjeg koordinirajućeg tijela (odbora, ministarstva). U zaključku autor razmatra neke od mogućih poteškoća implementacije tržišnog eko-modela u nas i kriterije za evaluaciju (svake) ekološke politike., The essay represents a „plaidoyer“ for marketable environmental protection; it is a relatively roughly drawn proposal of a new strategy for environmental protection in Croatia. The discussion points to the basic shortage of present environmental acitivities modelled on the „direct regulation model“ though offering an alternative approach. The outline of new and different environmental policy, of essentially marketing features, is being drawn by the author. The market strategy is based upon 2 concepts: on the model of „emission compensation“ as well as on the model of „emission licences“ - the logic of both concepts is being presented in the work. The proposal itself - of minimal environment regulation program - has been made operational, the form and the role of coordinating body (committee, ministry) being used. The concluding lines discuss the author's consideration of possible difficulties regarding the implementation of marketable ecological model in Croatia, and then discuss the criteria for evaluation of any environment policy., Dieser Text ist gewissermassen ein Plaidoyer für Marktökologie, ein grober Vorschlag einer neuen Strategie ndes Umweltschutzes in Kroatien. Die Abhandlung weist auf die Hauptfehler bisheriger ökologischen Tätigkeiten hin die nach dem Modell der „direkten Regelung“ durchgefürt worden sind und bietet eine Alternative dar. Die Umrisse einer neuen und einer anderen Politik, welche der Autor hier darstellt, tragen im wesentlichen den Marktcharakter. Die Marktstrategie wird auf zwei Entwürfen gegründet: auf dem Modell der „Emissionsentschädigungen“ und dem Modell der „Emissionserlaubnisse“. Vorgestellt ist die Logik beider Entwürfe. Der Vorschlag selbst - ein „minimales Programm der Öko-Regelung“ - ist durch die Form und Rollen eines zentralkoordinierenden Verwaltungskörpers (Ausschuss, Ministerium) operationalisiert worden. Zum Schluss zieht der Autor einige möglicher Schwierigkeiten der Anwendung von Markt-Öko-Modell bei uns, als auch die Kriterien der Bewertung (jeder) ökologischen Politik in Betracht.

U članku se iznose rezultati empirijskog istraživanja, provedenog 1992. godine na uzorku od 547 studenata Riječkog i Zagrebačkog sveučilišta, o percepciji načina rješavanja zaštite okoline. Istraživana je percepcija aktera, uvjeta i instrumenata u zaštiti okoline. Istraživanje je provedeno anketom. Instrument se sastojao od 14 tvrdnji kojima je bila pridružena skala Likertova tipa. Ispitanici smatraju da se u rješavanju problema zaštite okoline ekološka politika mora najviše oslanjati na razvijenu svijest građana, da zagađivači moraju snositi troškove zaštite (posljedica) i da se u zakonu odrede najstrože kazne za zagađivače. Najmanje su prihvatljive tvrdnje da je zaštita problem države i da se rješava političkim sredstvima. Faktorska analiza pod komponentnim modelom utvrdila je postojanje dvaju interpretabilnih faktora koji objašnjavaju 40% ukupne varijance: »preventivno-sankcijska politika visokih zahtjeva« i »političko odlučivanje u uvjetima ubrzanog tehnološkog razvoja«. U usporedbi s ranijim istraživanjem (1988. godine) razmišljanje studenata nije se promijenilo. To znači da postoje neki trajniji kriteriji procjenjivanja uloge aktera, uvjeta i instrumenata u zaštiti okoline., The article discloses the results of the empirical research, made on the sample population of 547 students of Rijeka and Zagreb Universities in 1992, on the perception of forms of realizing environment protection. The perception of actors, conditions and instruments of environment protection have been studied as well. The research has been based on the polling. The instrument has consisted of 14 statements with joined Likert type scale. The examined persons are of the opinion that, in solving of the problems of environmental protection, the environmental policy would have to rely on the developed conscience of the citizens regarding the facts that the pollution makers should meet the expenses of the protection as well as of clearing the consequences of eventual pollution and that the laws should establish severe punishments for the pollution makers. The statements of the kind: the protection is the problem of the state, it would have to be solved by political means, seem to be the least acceptable ones. The factor analysis with the component model has defined the existence of two interpretable factors explaining 40% of total variance: „High standard policy of preventive sanctioning“ and „political decision making in the situation of rapid technological development“. The comparison of the results of this research work with the previous research work (1988) has discovered that the reasoning of the student group has not changed. It could mean that there do exist certain constant criteria of evaluating the role of actors, conditions and instruments in environmental protection., In dem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse der 1992 an (Stichprobe: N=547) Studenten der Universitäten in Rijeka und Zagreb durchgeführten Forschung dargelegt, über die Wahrnehmung der Lösungsmöglichkeiten des Umweltschutzes. Es wurde die Wahrnehmung der Teilnehmer, der Bedingungen und der Instrumente im Umweltschutz erforscht. Die Forschung wurde als eine Umfrage durchgeführt. Das Instrument bestand aus 14 Behauptungen, denen eine Skala des Likert-Typs angeschlossen war. Es ist die Meinung der Befragten, man solle sich beider Lösung der Umweltschutzprobleme auf das entwickelte Bewusstsein der Bürger verlassen, die Verschmutzer sollten die Kosten des Schutzes (der Folgen) tragen, in der Gesetzgebung sollten die schwersten Strafen für Verschmutzer bestimmt werden. Die Behauptungen Umweltschutz sei ein Staatsproblem und er solle mit politischen Mitteln bekämpft werden sind am wenigsten erwünscht. = Eine Faktorenanalyse unter dem Komponentenmuster stellte das Vorhandensein zweier erklärbaren Faktoren fest, die 40% der gesamten Varianz erläutern: „die Vorbeugungs- und Sanktionenpolitik hoher Forderungen“ und „die politische Entscheidung in den Bedingungen einer schleunigen technologischen Entwicklung“. In Vergleich mit der früheren Forschung (1988) änderten sich die Meinungen der Studenten nicht. Das weist auf das Bestehen einiger dauerhaften Kriterien bei der Einschätzung der Teilnehmerrolle, der Bedingungen und Instrumente im Umweltschutz hin.