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This paper treats about the social discomfort from Gilles Deleuze's thinking in respect to desire, its emancipation, in order to point out as an intensive and molecular reality that works as an immanent cause, whose effects go to concrete into molarities, as those ones that define, in a first consideration, to the nowadays capitalist societies. The artificial rupture between molecular and molar zone, promotes a certain loss of freedom, because of the treason to the fluidity and exuberance of desire with captures and colonization performed thanks to foreign rules and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the phrase that gives title to this paper: "Diseases of War in Times of Peace", I pretend to direct the attention to the apparently contradictory logic that lies behind the phenomena that bursts into the social life, most of the times in a violent manner and always in a painful way, and which remains inscribed in the human psyche as a "trauma". I have to mention that the trauma's logic responds to the subjective armature that every individual has, but it also responds to the historical and cultural context, where is possible to observe the transformation of an epoch in which is developing a cultural process by virtue of which it becomes impossible to differentiate the times of war from the times of peace. This problem seen from the point of view of the inquire regarding the Capital, the Subjectivity, and the Contemporary Thinking, constitutes a research field that aims to decode the clues regarding the social discontent that nowadays emerges from the cultural life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byung-Chul Han describes the society of our times as a society of tiredness, of boredom, because of many current phenomena such as acceleration, hyperactivity, etc., which, at least, don't give place for interruption, for any pause. The socio-philosophical diagnosis made by Han, based on Arendt's or Agamben's thought, is understood as a thematization and interrogation of fatigue phenomenon itself, which is in my opinion not entirely clear in his work. Therefore, I propose a description of fatigue based on the resources provided by phenomenology. Thus, I will ask if fatigue is a phenomenon of openness, that gives us lucidity, or on the contrary, if it is a phenomenon of closure and opacity, that closes us to the experience of the world and of others. In order to clarify this problem, I will first interrogate the relationship between tiredness, wakefulness and attention, and at the end of this paper, I will then try to outline a fundamental distinction between fatigue and laziness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this paper is to propose the problem of relationship between individual and culture, psychism and society with the goal to find an orientation to response the question about the possibility of a discourse on cultural pathology. The present investigation starts from the central thesis of Massimo De Carolis's anthropological paradox. From this specific approach it will try to compare two perspectives about the relationship between individual and culture, namely, Martin Heidegger's work of art ontology and the culture semiotics of Y. Lotman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper defends that literary resources or figurative are part of the Platonic argumentation and therefore not only fulfill an ornamental role. In the development of the thesis proposed, it is examined the ways in which the literal and the figurative are brought together in Fedro and in some passages of La Republica showing how blurry this distinction could be. Sometimes, the literary seems to only illustrate a philosophical proposal and in other occasions it is shown as the only way to express it. The arguments built around these options are inscribed in a broader discussion regarding the role of such resources in the philosophical writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes some aspects of Latin American social movements, especially their notion of participatory democracy. In order to explain what they are and how they solve the problem of political organization, following Zibechi, two countries are studied: Brazil and Bolivia. In the first, powerful rural social movements have emerged, but they have lost part of their political role during the years of the PT's progressive government. In the second, urban social movements have emerged that have transformed a country whose government lias decided to carry out an antiliberal political-economic reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims the relationship between real and symbolic spaces in the disciplinary field of social pedagogy, and the forms of action that derive from it and that oscillate between emancipation and control, often mediated by the moral idea of the redemption. We have worked with qualitative methodology based on the experience of the authors in the socio-pedagogical field. The work exposes different forms of praxis production to act in front of certain excluding situations from the following analytical categories: social needs, hyper-corporalization, loop pedagogy, in / social exclusion. This praxis has been analyzed from devices in the field of disability, social promotion and protection of children. The work concludes proposing alternatives to the prototypical and hegemonic ways of redeeming the subjects in a situation of exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following reflection is about the elements and horizons of meaning that relate the discourse of human rights with the subject and its political ethical training. The first part of the paper addresses the discursive ground that allowed the emergence of human rights in the spirit of modernity from the perspective of the subject and the state. The second part presents the main currents of thought and approaches human rights present in the construction of the modern state and its epistemological debate between liberalism and communitarianism. The objective of searches by re-orienting the direction of reflection from human rights, its phenomenological and discursive understanding that will enable their survival in the world of life, from a political culture of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we wish firstly to trace the economicist and productivist logic that determined the profound development of Western modernity; a logic that reached its peak in the market societies which were already operating at full capacity in some of the European industrial powers of the nineteenth century. Since then, the commercialisation of social and natural life has continued apace, as Karl Polanyi recognized and examined in depth. This model of civilisation, which became virtually universal towards the end of the twentieth century, met with nodes of counterhegemonic resistance. One such node is to be found in the political discourses constructed on the basis of some of the learnings of the pre-Hispanic cultural world, linked to the Quechua notion of Sumak Kawsay, translated into Spanish as Buen Vivir, and which makes up a very powerful counterpart of the social and cultural development brought about by the overwhelming triumph of the market economy and its associated worldview. Extractivism, one of the most conspicuous results of this modern-western rationale, has been debated and opposed from these discursive spheres. However, when the public policies of a State located on the periphery of the capitalist world-system seek to foster equitable human development (with the fundamental goal of reducing poverty) and, at the same time, aim to recognize the intrinsic rights of nature, inevitable frictions, contradictions and paradoxes arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to make a brief theoretical synthesis that allows us to understand some philosophical assumptions of modernity and postmodernity, in such a way that the critical scenarios of this cultural and historical phenomenon of rationality in its paradigmatic crisis are highlighted. The context of this analysis tends to generate a critical hermeneutics about the instituted sense that Higher Education carries out in the face of the challenges of globalization, especially as it is received in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to determine the origin of the word accountability in the field of public administration focusing on three of its most commonly used meanings: accountability, transparency and responsibility. The methodology consisted of analyzing theoretical and empirical papers related to the organizing activity of the State. Results show that: 1) accountability has no literal translation into Spanish; 2) rendering accounts and transparency are two common terms referring to the obligation that those who govern have to informed those who are being governed about the exercise of public function. Language barriers between the voices transparency, accountability and responsibility make it possible to locate the original, substantial meaning in the disciplinary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal of radical democracy that has been promoted by the philosopher Chantal Mouffe, can find in Colombia a "test laboratory" that offers important challenges. This paper presents the results of an investigation that inquire the adequacies that would be generated in the Colombian democratic system with the political participation of the FARC (guerrilla group) in the next post-conflict period. It is argued that in the colombian case there is an application of the theory proposed by Chantal Mouffe, with a different theoretical-empirical that could lead to a "radicalizing version" of radical democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intellectual and political project of the journal Amauta entailed questioning the Eurocentric perspective of knowledge in the sciences and the humanities prevailing during the 1920s due to the hegemony of thought of the "generation of 1900". Amauta sought to express the new spirit that arose in the "new generation" of intellectuals and artists who had a common task: "their willingness to create a new Peru within the new world". This aim involved a new way of posing and knowing the Peruvian problems whose central axis was an analytical perspective that articulated the logos and the myth that constituted antagonist paradigms for Eurocentrism. This paper explores some of the epistemological orientations of Amauta that point out -in a still embryonic, but significant and consistent way- towards the perspective of the decolonization of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the ethical dimensión of mystical experience from a naturalized perspective, ie, using data provinding by various scientific perspectives on these kinds of experiences. The development of this approach focuses on thinking this ethical dimension from the concepts of exercise and practice, following the use of the term by authors like Michel Foucault and Pierre Hadot. This dialogue between approaches allow, finally, talk about the mystical practices as practices of deautomatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aristotle's Politics influenced greatly among the authors of the twelfth century and onwards. However, it was differently received in each case which gave birth to a wide a variety of political doctrines. The aim of this paper is to claim that John of Paris interpreted Aristotle's Politics in a monarchical fashion, in spite of some presumably republican ideas of Quidort and in contrast with other accounts of his contemporaries. For that purpose, a) I shall briefly review the Aristotelian polemic regarding the best form of government, b) I will explain the earliest latin interpretations on Book III of the Politics and c) I will finally address John of Paris's account on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to show that diagnosis following critical theory is a pathology of reason. The hypothesis of this research argues that this disease can be characterized as a lack of reason result of the distortion of the historical project of a socially active reason. In this endeavor, it will show in summary, the idea of rationality that follows Critical Theory as the basis of diagnosis of the state of reason and the way how it is intertwined with capitalist market society. Subsequently, the idea of unreason will examine and try to show the ethical burden associated with this approach, as well as, its achievements and prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M. Lipman and P. Freire are two thinkers who support the practice of liberty. Liberty is liberty to learn to think, and to exist in communities of dialogue, questioning, and search. This is the project that leads human beings to understand themselves and recognize others. Without liberty there is no existential possibility for our humanization. In this paper we study the proposals that both philosophers propose for education and for an educational pedagogy of learning to be free. To do this, according to Lip- man, we need to develop multi-dimensional thought (creative, flexible, wide, open, full of resources, complex, stimulating) with which to oppose simplified thought. Thinking is philosophizing, and this justifies why Lipman insists on philosophy for children. Freire understands that the right to an education in liberty is what allows us to resist and overcome any type of oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Corporate Social Responsibility has been inclined to a business viewpoint that has transformed it into an instrument. Consequently, Corporate Social Responsibility seems to be a management style that might be disposable. In response, this article proposes a wider notion about Organizational Social Responsibility and its main objective is the statement of the relationship between Organizational Social Responsibility and morality. That means, to recognize Social Responsibility as an unavoidable part of human behavior foundations. To get so, this paper is fourfold: Organizational Social Responsibility concept, its ethical foundations, its relationship with values and private earnings and the necessity of an Organizational Social Responsibility promoted by the government in instead of being strictly voluntary developed. The main conclusion sets that Organizational Social Responsibility is always presented both in human behavior and organizational facts, therefore, it is not an optional choice. At the end of the work, suggestions for new research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a transformation process that seeks to build a counter-system to capitalism; in Venezuela, since the late nineties, significant changes are produced in almost all aspects of life, as part of which the production of alternative knowledge is promoted to hegemonic aligned with so called mainstream science, which predominates in most magazines published in the country. This paper aims to explore the need for scientific journals in the country to open up to the publication of counterhegemonic knowledge. The results show that in the context of a domination of the mainstream science in Latin American journals, which does not escape from Venezuela's reality, the government promotes the production of anti-hegemonic knowledge with little presence in magazines in this country; this has been accompanied by incremental public policies that do not impact the need to reverse this situation, on the contrary recently it tends to be formulated a public policy for national magazines that reproduces the mainstream science. We conclude the existence, in the country, of a contradiction between the public policy of production of counter-hegemonic knowledge, which is marginalized in the scientific magazines and a state policy diffusion with incremental changes that do not impact the transformation and projects that reproduce the old policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims the importance of tragedy as a means to represent the conflicts of human existence. Euripides in The Trojan Women enters into existential problems such as: freedom- enslavement, life-dead. In this way, we present the questioning about the values that are considered traditionally correct, and then rethink the validity of the same within the universe of human needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considered to the double enunciation in the theatre as the more genuine expression of the verbal communication, the declarative space from where is articulated a series of elements that contribute within the configuration of them universes symbolic that generate them works. This article is based on the concept of Iuri Lotman "the art as language", and of the theories of M. Bakhtin, of E. Benveniste and of John Austin, with the purpose of analyze them dimensions involved in the construction of them subject, the resignification of the sense and them meanings of the speech in the event theatrical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the feasibility of the proposal for a university with decolonial relevance. To this end, work is approached from three main aspects: the first shows the distinctive elements that come together in the relationship of the binomial university / modernity that endures over the years, even until today. Secondly, an approach to the possibility of a decolonized university provides, thought outside the Eurocentric-modern patterns; finally, thirdly, there is a pressing need to think of another university that is open to a frank dialogue of knowledge, with a remarkable intercultural and transcultural background. The reflections are provided from this elucidation aim to contribute to the theoretical debate on the current university crisis that exists in Latin America and the rest of the world, with an additional contribution to pursue the goal of a college decolonized. The method used is the hermeneutical-documentary. It is concluded on the need for deep ontological, epistemological and political transformations to the university through the symmetrical intercultural dialogue, which in turn enables the colonizer and counter hegemonic discourse of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the mediation of language is discussed in the social representation of the autonomy of the Latin American University in development politician citizenship through scientific and humanistic discourse that should permeate society emancipatory interests. The educational processes that are generated at the university are understood and oriented towards and by social actors to play discursive roles in line with the social sense and the common interest resulting of deliberation and consensus in obtaining politics in society. In the twenty-first century it is necessary that the university education in Latin America, as a process of academic formation, allow the transformation of the political order through the relationship between theory and praxis, between techno-scientific and human action emancipatory thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the Nietzschean explanation about the origin of Attic tragedy based on the Heraclitean notion of contraries. Opposition between the Apollonian and Dionysian artistic impulses is related directly to fragments from the philosopher of Ephesus, who searches for harmony in the conciliation of opposites; additionally, the aesthetic-metaphysical pleasure of the tragic myth finds elucidation in the creation and destruction pointed out by Heraclitus. This paper considers that the basis for Greek tragedy in Nietzsche's thought descends from Greek, not German thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to criticize the epistemological reductionisms in the social sciences, among which are: geocentric reductionism, geographic, economic, linguistic, logical analysis, structural-functionalist, hermeneutic, phenomenological and emergent reductionism. In contrast to these reductionisms, there are several approaches that have emerged in the history of human thought, that with different terms, have been trying to overcome these reductionist points of view, such as: the dialectical paradigm, the holistic, the complexity and the postcolonial paradigms. As final thoughts, the paper highlights that there have always been and there will always be epistemic grounds to conceive -both unilaterally and multilaterally-reality; and the fact that one or another perspective prevails will depend on the level of development of science and philosophy ( the greater or lesser recognition that the protagonist of some sciences has, in particular, given their social and technological impact), as well as on the degree of development and solution for social contradictions of the historical epoch in which reductionisms are generated and dissolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the Wittgensteinian analysis of free will in order to show its roots in classical pragmatism. These roots can be found fundamentally in the conception of the will that William James elaborates in his Principles of Psychology. It also intends to show that the Wittgensteinian intuitions, which are based on pragmatist conceptions, lead to what is usually called the double aspect theory. Finally, the paper attempts to formulate the double aspect theory in a way that might help to clarify the problem of free will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to make evident the political impact of popular sovereignty in the search for a new social structure, in virtue of the crisis that the representative system of party hegemony manifested, in order to point out in the first place the need of the Venezuelan people to create a nation project with the presence of participation from all the different environments and aspects of citizen activity, through a National Constituent Assembly. We next at tempt to show that even with the judicial difficulty involved in this proposal, this initiative was presented to the extinct Supreme Court of Justice, and an answer was received in the form of a sentence the legal argumentation of which is based on popular sovereignty, and which was very important at that moment in justifying the right to manifest constituent power permitting the convocation of said power through a referendum. In this sense, we consider some differences between the functions of constituent power and constituted power; describing the process and the result of the convocation of the constituent assembly that manifested the will of public sovereignty, and which supposes its participation in power, a situation which distinguished popular sovereignty from public power. Finally, the paper identifies among the most significant characteristics of the new constitutional text approved by referendum, citizen participation as a constitutional right, and the means and mechanisms for this purpose, as well as the faculty of the sovereign population to convoke a National Constituent Assembly for the purpose of transforming the state, creating a new judicial ordering, and writing a new constitution. The conclusion is that this situation is the result of the materialization of utopia, but as a true ideal of popular sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article some of the problems which arise when analytically approaching discourse in a study of ideology are discussed. Given that people generally acquire, express and reproduce their ideologies by written or spoken methods, an analytical study of ideological discourse is pertinent. Even when the focus of this paper is the interface or ideological discourse, the theoretical frame work is articulated by the fundamental triangulation of speech, cognition, and society. This frame work is critical of traditional approaches to ideology, especially from the perspective of the social sciences and philosophy, since these methods do not adequately theorize in relation to the socio-cognitive nature of the structure of ideologies, and their discursive reproduction. This paper however does not extensively treat classical approaches to ideology (among many historical studies of ideology.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internal communication management in an organization represents, somehow, the way in which that organization catches or not members of it. Within this management, social networks allow, engage in an informal, but institutional dialogue with partners. This paper shows the union professors communications management in one faculty of the Universidad del Zulia, during the period 2010-2015, through various digital platforms of social networks. Interview and documental research were the way to collect data. It was observed a sustained increase in the unionized response, to the management communication of the branch, showing a constant and two-way interaction that previously did not exist. This experience leads to the conclusion that, for the Union, social networks, represent an alternative to empower communicatively the unionized, not only to keep informed in real time of events that can happen in their university environment, but also given the opportunity to take positions about the environment and to have an influence on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to propose guidelines to achieve sustainability and rural development buffalo agro-ecosystems, based on a critical analysis of approaches exist to address sustainable rural development, conceptual aspects to generate sustainability and bubaline context of livestock in Latin America and Venezuela. The best address the buffalo agro-ecosystems approach is the interaction between society and nature. From the analysis of the conceptual aspects it can be inferred that the cognitive ability of farmers from the ecological point of view, can mean a trigger point to create change. The context of Latin America and National reflect a favorable outlook for buffalo farming. The suggested guidelines are around establish mechanisms for regulating the flow of materials and energy level of the buffalo agro-ecosystems, to strengthen the cognitive abilities of farmers and the need to level of government to change the vision of infrastructure for rural development. With these guidelines the buffalo agro-ecosystems may have a high potential to become sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of internal marketing, promotes competitive, sustainable enterprises and quality services to its customers advantages. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to analyze the internal marketing as key to optimizing the quality of service offered by the Universal Banking Maracaibo- Venezuela factor. The study is supported on a quantitative paradigm, from a positivist approach; descriptive, cross-developed under a non-experimental design, field. The population is made up of five major banks nationwide. A non-probabilistic convenience sample was applied, with the sources a total of 140 individuals. The information was gathered through two structured questionnaires, one for internal marketing Variable consisting of 46 items, one for the variable quality of service consisting of 18 items. Both instruments were formalized and standardized, obtaining a reliability of r = 0.94 and 0.89 respectively. The results detected deficiencies in staffing needs; irregularities in the communication between managers and supervisors with the operating personnel, failure motivational aspects and worker training, generating discontent, both internal and external customers. Concluding that must be generated trusting relationships between staff, providing workers' participation in decision making and intensify the actions of internal marketing in banking institutions, which results in optimizing the service to its users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking into account the consideration attributed to the verification by Alf Ross and by the three-dimensional trialist integrativism, we address particularly to the importance of legal strategy in doctrine and legal thinking in general. This paper develops the perspectives of strategy in itself and in the dimensions of social reality, norms and values with which trialism constructs its the legal object. In this context verification is, above all, an instrument to unmask the interests, forces, authors, recipients, norms and senses of value, present in each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to weigh the feasibility of a key-colonial education. To this end, work is outlined from three edges: the first presents the modern / colonial foundations that survive in the current education system; the second shows the theoretical basis of the decolonial pedagogy; finally, the third reflects on the role of permanent inter-colonial education in intercultural dialogue and other knowledge gestated outside the Eurocentric epistemic patterns. The analysis developed from these aspects aims to help open up new scenarios for discussion, they are not exhausted in time, however, with each contribution is a step closer to building a society descolonizada. The method used is the hermeneutical documentary. We conclude on the need to think of education from another perspective, to examine alternative experiences and knowledge, promoting a critical and emancipatory thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Ernesto Guevara's educational thought in the historical and intellectual context of mid-20th century in Latin America. Special attention will be paid to Guevara's concern with education and its role in emancipation and revolutionary processes. This analysis permits to ponder the relevance of central ideas which are barely considered today and, most importantly, to revise a key issue to consider the relationships between education and social transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the question around: What leads a rational being who has limits to exceed them? The addressing of this question starts from a critical reading of the act committed by Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment a work of Dostoevsky. This base line allows us to make an approach to the concept of freedom in positive and negative terms, thence to determine that the free action involves an intimate relationship with reflective will and that consequently the emergence of damage is the sole responsibility of man in full possession of his freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the changes in the phenomenology of time and the philosophy of history between Time and Narrative and Memory, History, Oblivion. In the first work, the gap between life's time and world's time is accepted and 'trace' was used to connect them. The later work leaves the Heidegger's concept of being-towards-death aside, allowing the disappearance of the gap between both kinds of time. With respect to history, while Time and Narrative defends the existence of a causal link between the trace and the past, the other work rejects it, which makes Ricoeur to abandon a continuity conception of history to another discontinuist one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the political aspects of education according to the philosophical considerations of Alain Badiou and Jacques Rancière. To do this, raises, one hand, address the ontological characteristics of politics, and secondly, examine the problem of multiple senses given by various theoretical prospects to concepts of "equality" and "justice" in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to propose the existence of a late-capitalist code able to colonize individuals and communities' sense of belonging. That is made claiming individual as sovereign and owner of his/her psychological states and the aesthetization of other's misery as an insubstantial consumption. Rejecting own and other's vulnerability is paradoxically proposed as a way to socialize individuals and groups. At the same time this principle makes fragile political choices on the common future for citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immersed in the paradigm of the great challenges, having expectations for an advancement of knowledge appears full of uncertainties. This is so because of the gap between knowledge from experts and common citizens and the high uncertainty belonging to the (techno)scientific activity. The information society is not a society of knowledge: despite that (techno) science defines much of our capacities and possibilities our culture is not a (techno)scientific culture but a (tecno) scientificated culture. This paper tries to show what this epistemic and political problem consist. That political issue prevents processes of public deliberation having real transcendence. It is important to note how tools of the emerging open society are generating knowledge communities that can help to shape a knowledge society whereas what kind of processes may become binding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to analyze communities of knowldege such as the communities of public domain software and the open knowledge. All knowledge's community show several characteristics in common: granularity, hospitality, mediation and an activist component to achieve a goal. Both analyzed communities share similar ethos. Evolution of theses communities in recent years are going to be analyzed, because of the appearance of new actors such as the capitalist conglomerates as intermediaries of those communities and their consequences. Final claim asserts that this new actors generate a kidnapping of the activist objectives of this communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intended to show, from Wittgenstein's perspective, how to direct our gaze to the other (individual / culture) with no prejudices or limited interpretations, in order to open our minds to a way of understanding that allows us to interpret the meaning of certain practices unknow and baffling. This idea of understanding tells us that is possible to change our usual view on that we consider different and antagonistic to our axiological articulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the concepts of reality and possibility are reviewed as they are often interpreted in western culture. An epistemic rereading from cultures through the Wittgenstein's notions of rule, grammar and especially aspect seeing allows us to show how cultural contexts affect on forming such concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper points out that in constructing his "critique of culture", Cassirer, as much as Wittgenstein in developing his ideas of "grammar" and "seeing aspects", arrive at a diversified conception of culture(s). Thus, they both seek to outline the cultural by way of many-sided cultural networks that emerge from a kind of epistemic-cultural grammar operative in any human life. But the fact that science -merely one amongst many cultural realms, according to Wittgenstein- remains for Cassirer an acme in the evolution of cultures, suggests that the Wittgensteinian approach is more promising towards fulfilling the dream of working out an authentic cultural epistemology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of environmental values on the relationship between demographic characteristics (sex, education, age and ethnicity) and a company's results (economic performance and environmental performance), from the perspective of the processes involved in organizational demography. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was carried out, based on factor analysis and multiple linear regressions, using a sample of 168 pottery business owners from the states of Oaxaca, Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico. The results show a total mediating effect of environmental values on the relationship between gender and business performance, as well as a partial mediating effect on the relation between schooling and business performance. No mediating effect was found for environmental values on the relationship between age and company performance or on the relationship between ethnicity and business performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the factors that determine knowledge and technology transfer (TT) between the university and business in a developing country. The objective is to analyze the impact of these activities on regional development by adopting the open innovation perspective and focusing on the individual. To do this, after a literature review and using qualitative methodology, ten semi-structured interviews with teachers at the Technical University of Oruro (UTO) and managers of small and medium enterprises in the Department of Oruro (Bolivia) were conducted. The main results show that these activities are still very incipient in the region, so their impact on regional development is low. In conclusion, this study establishes that the determinants for TT activities between the UTO and the business sector can be divided into opportunities and barriers. Among the opportunities for the UTO, internal improvements and a more proactive role in society stand out. For the companies, the opportunities are improved productivity and competitiveness. On the other hand, the barriers to TT are bureaucratic, lack of funding, lack of confidence and lack of professionalism. Therefore, it is very important that a clear policy be established to regulate technology transfer activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the vision of socialism in the thought of Manuel Dagnino, a prominent conservative intellectual of the latter half of the nineteenth century in Venezuela. The research was guided by operations of analysis and synthesis belonging to the historical method. Conclusions were that for Manuel Dagnino, socialism is a disordered and anarchic practice of freedom whose origin is linked to western culture's contempt for the authority of the Church. His discourse did not come from his own criteria, because it reflected the position against socialism defined by Pope Leo XIII in his encyclicals Incrustabili Dei Consilio and Quod Apostolici Muneris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss Heidegger's criticisms of optimism in modern thought with a scientific and technical base and to analyze its proposal. Heidegger's view of technology as a constituent of contemporary Western thought has meant the rule of a reason of domination and calculation. The loss of thought in modernity occurs in the pursuit of truth since the "will to power" manifests itself in scientific and technical thinking. However, Heidegger's thought is not intended to modify or humanize the world or to create a better being-there in history, although part of certifying the danger of contemporaneity, simply assumes the ineffable route of poetry as illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to reflect on the idea of epistemology from the South by Boaventura de Sousa Santos in order to elucidate its main contributions and limitations. In the general context of discussions about the epistemological and political status of other knowledge in Latin America, a critical approach is proposed to the rhetorical fanfare of the coloniality of knowledge, the ecologies of knowing and the sociologies of absences. In this sense, the idea of academic-scientific colonialism is proposed to problematize and enhance the political-institutional dimension of postcolonial debates and coloniality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the acknowledgment of the benefits of altruistic behavior for employees and organizations, an understanding of the factors that encourage this type of behavior is needed. This paper pursues two objectives: a) to analyze the relationships between overall job satisfaction and affective commitment with altruistic behavior and b) to explore whether work engagement increases the explained variance in altruism beyond such attitudes. To fulfill these objectives, cross-sectional research was conducted on a sample of 472 employees from 25 Spanish public higher education centers. The hypotheses were tested through hierarchical regression analysis. Results indicate that a higher level of affective commitment, particularly of work engagement, is associated with an increase in altruistic behavior. Especially relevant is the contribution of work engagement to explaining incremental variance in altruistic behavior beyond commitment. To reinforce this type of discretionary behavior, management should implement interventions that encourage both a greater connection of the employees with their job roles and a greater commitment to the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of organizational theory, there are different theoretical approaches that explain the origin of their resources and competitive advantages. Two of these theoretical reflections are addressed in this paper: the theory of resources and capacities and the resource dependence theory. A review of literature was carried out in order to present an integrated theoretical model that combines both approaches and emphasizes their complementarity and a series of propositions. These propositions link the decision-making process to acquiring the required resources and the factors associated with directive vision and the individual's limited rationality. The most relevant conclusion proposes that decision making about resource acquisition for the organization depends on two principal factors: a) rational processes guided by administrative principles and limited by the individual's capacity for learning and analysis, and b) the manager's vision, expressed through his voluntary, subjective and discretionary actions about how the company should be organized and led. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]